     1965 
  


          1965 .    ,        ,   1965 .      ,           .              ,      ,   ,     .        :  ,              .





 

     1965 



 .., , 2012

      , 2012

 ..,  , 2012







     ,        .          .       ,         .          .     , ,   ,   .         ,   ,       ,  , .

         XIX .  1916-1924      .  1930  1961         .           .                 ,   1963         .     1963-           .

     : 60-  XX               ,   ,        ,          . 24  1965-   ,       ,       1963 .    ,            .

       .           ,      22    .            ,   .                  . -        .      ,       ,          堖  .

        .           ,          ,       .

   ,  ,             .




 1.   :      1492-1930 


  1492    -   .        ,        ,     . 6 1492     ,   頖    .    ,      . ,        ,          .   (     )        [1 -     .  , ,       .      .].             .  : 50    ,        ,   .     ,   ,    ,     .

                 .

 ,           -.        .    ,   ,   .     -  (   - ), -    .   ,  (     ),       (   ),       .

       , ,   ,        [2 - PonsF.M. The Dominican Republic. A national History. Markus Wiener Publishers, 1998. P. 29.].        ,        .         -         蠖  (  ,        1492 ).     39      ,       .

                 ,    ,      [3 -      .].           . 13  1493        ,        ,        .   ,       ,       ,   .

   , ,    ,      ,    .        ,     .           .  ,           .

 :  1493       .       17    ,       .      ꠖ   ,      .

 70           堖  ,      .             .    ,     -,     .         ,    .

 ,     ,        ,   1496          ---    .

       :   400        ,      1508       50  [4 -              (  ,   1561 ).  ,         .      ,          8  .].  1535      6  .

         .   [5 -  ()           711-1492 .]             ,       .        :    .          ,           .    ࠖ             .    ,       .             .

          :    14            .        ,         . ,     ,   .      ,            .  ,         (    ),     ( 11    ).

 1498           ( ).

      [6 -      ,      .     ,          ,        .],           1502        ,             ,         .

  .   ,   ,         14    ,    . ,   ,      ,   1534        .

     ,    1503      -⠖   ,     .           (  ).       ,      .  1516           .

 1522     -,     ,      ,   [7 -           .].  1530     ,             .

      ,      .      ,       ,          .

            .  40-  XVI      ,  (   ) .  1541       -  .   1561-        .            ,  ,       .            .     ,      ,  1564      ,    .        , ,   ,       .

        ,          .    ,   .     ,    .    ( ,   )   ,    .      ,       .

     :    (        )     ,        .

          ,     ,               .           ,   ,       .    ,   1598         80  [8 - PonsF.M. The Dominican Republic. A national History. Markus Wiener Publishers, 1998. P. 45.].        -    .

,    ,   堖 ,   -  ,      .  1586        (            )   -         .

 -  1594    ,           ,        [9 - PonsF.M. The Dominican Republic. A national History. Markus Wiener Publishers, 1998. P. 46.].  ,                   .

  ,   ,     (       ) ,        ,   1605         ,  .       (         )        -.        .  110            8 ,   2         .  1609          -.      (  ).

       .   1640         ,         -   .    .  1655               .         .               :        ;   ,       堖  ,   [10 - .. . ., 1980. .315316.].      :    !

      :      13   (   120 )  34    2400 .   1655      30   -         ,     .     ,     ⻠ ,    .         -.

      ,    -  .             ,     .

       .   XVII    - XIV,     ,    ,     1697         ,    .

          .             ,       -.              4-5 .     ,       .  ,          .

 1710               .          ,           .           1737 ,          .

       (    ),       ,    .   -   6    1737   125   1790-.    40    , 2 5     , 60  -. ,      ,       ,     .       ,        - (,   ,   )  ,        .

 1791                .        [11 -     1743 ,  ,      33    . ,       1791         -,        (   )   .]        .   ,       -  . - ,      .

                     .  1793        ,    ( 4  )     ,    .           .              ,   ,    --,  . ,        .

   1794     ,       ,         .         ⠖   .    1795      - .  1798          .   1801-             -,         .  1799     ,    1801       ,  -   .     ,  ,       .              .

    -,       ,              [12 - ..  . ., 1969. . 137.].  1802        ,      -      31  [13 -           ,        .]  86  (      120 )       .    (    )             (    2,5      )        .         , ,       :              .

20  1802-    .          -,           .              [14 - ..  . ., 1969. . 139.].   ,    ,     ,       .  :   ,     ,    ,    [15 - ..  . ., 1969. . 139.].

,      15  ,    .        [16 -                ,        .].   1802      ,       ,  20         - .        ,     ,     ,              1803-.

    ,      -       12 ,       :       ,  -  .

   1802        .     ,         15  .

       .    ,  ,    .

,       ,   ,     .    8-10       ,   . ,    ,   ,  1  1802  .    ( )          ,           .

18  1803      -      ,         .          ,         .      9     .     -   65  [17 -   젖  30 .].     20   蠖      .      .        ,     , ,        ,     .

    -,         ,           [18 -              11  250  .  4       ,        -  1799-1800 .].

1  1804      -         [19 -  1826    X     150            .],     -.

6  1804- ,  ,        .

 1805        ,        .       -  ,        ,    ,                .

        ,          - 7  1808 [20 -           ,  ,      .].          -     .

 -             , ,    ,   .      렖  2000 ꠖ   -.

1650   300      1808   -.      . 28  1809          .         1  1809   . 7            .

       .  , ,  ,      :   1813    .    ,    1809 ,    ໠   .       - ,          廠    . , 30  1821   -- -            .                  .

      :           .    ( ,   )    .      :   1820   ,     ,            .  ,      :         .

   1821       .

                  .       ,   -             .

       ( )           , ,   -      .

       .           - [21 - ,   1776 ,   (    )     ,     ,      .] ,             .  ,               [22 -   --        14  ,       150    (    2  ,        ).].

 -         ,       10-   .

  1822 ,         , 50-    .     .         .

   ,  9  1822     -,      .         .

        ,       (   -),    .   ,      ,              ,  ,  .

      -,     .     ,   - ( , )    .

               .

        -,       .

 1825         150       ,         90   1838-,         .    .  ,              ,   .          ,    ,     .

   (    ,        30  ) ,  ,      .                   .

       .         .          :        ,       .    ,       .

              - ,     .  1838    ,              ()[23 -    ,             .]      .

 1843      ,              -.  (   1838   )  . 13  1843     ,    .

    -        .    ,       .             ,   .                          .

27  1844  (           ) -      -.     .         -.          .     -    ,      .

-    .          25  ,       .            1844 .      ,     [24 -            .].      -,     ,          12  1844      .     .

6  1844       ࠖ  ,        .        .        210,         .

     1845 ,        . 27  1845-        ( )   .       (   )     .            ,     .     ,        !    .      ,       .          :        .

         ,        .  1849, 1853  1855-1856             .

          .  1848     ,         .

         .  ,    .        (   ) .         .  -    .    蠖 -  -. ,     ,     .

     :           ,      .   ,      .

 1849           .                 [25 - 18 1849             .]. , ,     ,     .    1853 ,      .     .

                     . ,  ( ,     )     ,     .       , ,   .        -       .

 1856  (   )               .        ,          1856      .               .

        .   18      ( ,  ,  ),      1857         .        ,             .   1857        ,      .                 .

          .   1859         [26 -    -     .  1847         -    1849    .        :     , 59 ,  , 99   215 .  ,             .] (     1849, 1850, 1855  1856 ),    ,  .             .    -     ,        .

         - ,        .     ,             .

   -    ',  ,           .            .       -    -,          .

  1856 ,          ,     -         .

  :         .  ,         . , ,    ,     .            .

18  1861     -  --     [27 -       -. 19  1861      ,         .].    ,          .     :      (-   ), , -  .

          .         .            ࠖ      .   ---    ,   !,       .

2  1861            ,      .           [28 -          .],       .     (           ),   ,   .    :  ,         !

 1862         .       ,  , -, ,       - .

26  1863       -      . 17    .            .   :     ,   .

           ,           .   ,       . ,        ,    ,           .           ,    -.

16  1863         ,  ,         [29 -          .].      ,     ,          ().         ,     1864            [30 -  ,     .].

           ,   ,       .     ,      . 6 1863    -   .       ,     .

              [31 -           ࠖ     .].          ,    .   :       ,    ,    !

      - (    ).           .

   14  1863             .

1864            .         10  .          .                   .  ,                ,       -[32 -  , ,   1898    .].

     ,              .        ( )          1864 . ,   ,       .   1865      ,    (    )      .

  1864          . 3 1865    (    '     )       -. 10  1865       ,            .

   .       .     :     ( )    ,     .            ࠖ      .  -          .     -   ,       .        [33 -      - 8  1839     .     ,  -   ,  -.     ,    .  14          ,   ,       .    .        ,       .      .  1863        ,         .].

  ,       ,     , ,  ,   ,     ,    . -       .   ,  -               ,  .   ,   ,     .

    1865    1879       21.   50    .  -   .

      -,       .       ,         ,        1865 .  1866         .    ,    1867-   .         ,         1868 .

   [34 -           ,  38  .     ,      420   ,       ʻ.     100   .]     ,     .    ,      . , ,      (      )   ,     .      -   .

     1867               .           (    [35 -     堖 Walrussia.]   )       . 13   1  1869         ,       .    1969           :    , 頖   -.          [36 -  .    . ., 1974. . 247.].  ,     .

  [37 -       1861-1865 ,    .           .]     ,            -    . 29  1869  ad referendum   -       .

  1869        .   ,      ,     .     -         (  ) ,  ,       [38 -  .    . ., 1974. . 247.].

  (,    ,        ),   1870     .     -  ,           .

 1871          ,                  .     ,            ,  -    .

                   .

          ,   .     ,       .            :           ,  -    1871    . 28      堖 .    ,       .

 1873     ,           1876       .    10      .      젖   1878     ,        1879-.    ,       ࠖ -.

             .    ,         .    ,          .      ,        .         ,     -   .

            ,    .              ,         .        ,           .

      -  ,   -.        ,          ,     -.

 1880           ,          .           .

        ,   - (  1845 ),  - (       ).   ,          [39 -          .].     -  ,         .     1876   -,        .     ,                 .

  1879     , ,   ,       -,       ,       .             .    (  ,       )  1  1882     .

        :     .     1884 ,  1884 ,     , -      ,       ,      1884 .              :     ,          .    ,                .   :      .

      ,       ,    .      ,            .   ,   1  1884 ,         .    ,             .      16  1885 . -  --       ,              .

     (  ),       -.        1886 .       ,                .        ,          .

,                   ,    1889-1899 .   1888-      ,                   (          ).         ,  蠖     .     ,          [40 - PonsF.M. The Dominican Republic. A national History. Markus Wiener Publishers, 1998. P. 266.].

           ,   .         ,        ,        .   ( )         .        ,             .

   :   ,     (  ,   ),   :   !     :      !       .  ,    , ,          .

                   ,    ,     (      ).

             .       -.        ,     .     ,         -.

      ,             .          .   ,      ,                , ,  ,    .

                           .               .

 1888      770    (    )        6%      30 .         - 30%    .         ,   ,      .             (,       ,     ,            ).

     1888    .           .      ,  ,      1988-     .

      ,      .     ,    .      ,                 .  ,     ,       .          11      [41 - PonsF.M. The Dominican Republic. A national History. Markus Wiener Publishers, 1998. P. 268.].          .

          .      ,          ,  ,         .              .

          .

 1892  ,          ,        .   ,   .

      ,    .        ,      -[42 - Santo Domingo Improvement  (SDIC).].             1,2    2   ,           .           .

            -.   ,         ,     .         .

 ,      ,       .

            .      ,   , , ,   ,     1892    ,   1888     [43 -      -,      .].  , ,  ,          ,         .

         蠖  ,         .       ,     .           :    ,         .

  XIX           .        -     .

                5  .     .  ,            .

  ,    1899       . ,     ,             .   ,      :   1899   35  ,   15     .

           ,       ,   1899        ,         .          -       .    ,       ,      .

        .            .

      :      (       ), -젖   .     -   ,        :   .

 ,     4  1899 ,           .            :        [44 - PonsF.M. The Dominican Republic. A national History. Markus Wiener Publishers, 1998. P. 280.].    1899        ,  ࠖ  (       ).     -,       .

            -,  ,    .        ,     :      ,      60    [45 - PonsF.M. The Dominican Republic. A national History. Markus Wiener Publishers, 1998. P. 281.].

      ,       ,      ,    . , ,   ,        .    ,   (    )             ,   .  ,         ,       .

 1900       24  , 頖  10 .       (        )   2    .

       ,             ,        ,   .     -       ,       .        -        .

               .       10  1901 ,           40%           .    -       ,    .

  XIX                    .   1898           , , -  .         ,       .                 .

 1904         .            ,         .   1904           :            ,           ,         .  ,     ,         ,        ,    ,        [46 -  .    . ., 1974. . 256.].

            .  1902        ,     -      .

   1901     (  -    )               .           :  ,      ,    [47 - DeGregorioW.A. The complete book of US presidents. New York, 2005. P. 385.].

        .   1902       ,      .         --, , ,    . --   ,          ,       .         ,   .   --  ,     .         23  1903     .

--              1903 .         堖  ,  ,        .

 --            .               .   1903      --,            .              .      ,      .

  1903  ,        堖  [48 -            .] ( )   .  ,       ,    .   1904          .            .                           ,      .      -          .

 ,       , ,          ,        .       1900 ,  砖  1903-.

          .

  1904             -.                      4,5  .                 .

     ,     .        ,  ,        -,        .   ,            .        ( )   ,         ࠖ -    -[49 - PonsF.M. The Dominican Republic. A national History. Markus Wiener Publishers, 1998. P. 288.].

  1905   -       ,           .     ,      55%   [50 -  .  . M., 1986. . 49.].    ,                    .         ,     .  ,            .   ,       .

        ,         ,           , ,   ,           ( , ,      1914 ).           .

  1905  ,    ,     ,     -  .    ,      -  .            .          ,     .

  1905         (       ),    ,   1906-   .        (   ).     ,    1905-1907   40  17  .                ,   40             .

    ,           2   (         -       )        .        ,                      .

  1906       ,     17  .            20       ,   ,         .   1906               .

        .       .

 1906        .  -    . 50%         -        . 5%        (    ), 45%    . 3 1907   - ,    ,    .

 ,   1907            ,        .         :  ,    ,   ,       .     -,         ( 1907 . . )           .   ,    ,          [51 - .     . ., 1974. . 253.].

            .       ,           .  -  (    -      ,      ).   (    ,   )      ,    .          ,     .          .

        .  -   ( )       .         .                .             .    ,   .

           .             ,   .

               .       200  525.           .       .

         .          .  1925          438  ,  ,    [52 -  .  . ., 1986. . 48.].       ,       ࠖ .      :        ,     .                    .

,      ,      .        ,     .       ,        .

19  1911     ,    .    ,   .     .      .

     .     , , ,      .   4          .       .         ,             .            .        ,          .        , ,     ,          .

       .        :          . 24  1912       -        .    750   .                .

          ,      1907  45%  .                .    .       .    ,             [53 - PonsF.M. The Dominican Republic. A national History. Markus Wiener Publishers, 1998. P. 306.].

    1912       .     .            ,       .     :         .

               軠       .

               1914 ,       .          (  1913-)      .      ,  ,         ,       .

  ,       ,       .            . ,  ,      ( )   ,     .                130   (   ),       ,  , ,    .                     .

       1,5      (    ), , ,        .

     -  1  1913      ,       ( ,   ,  ,          ).         .     ,       .    ,    ( -)              .            .                        1913 .            .

   6  1913 .           .         .         .          :  ,             .

     .   1914       386  .  740       [54 - PonsF.M. The Dominican Republic. A national History. Markus Wiener Publishers, 1998. P. 310.].         ,     .             40  .

  1914          :         .        .

  1914      ,    .       ,      .      ,      ,   .

 ,                  ,       ( ),          .  ,      ,           .

 :        ,        . ,   1915         .        .

         ,         .        ,                .  ,      .

      ,           .  (    )    ,       .

       ⠖             .  ,         .

   -      1915 ,             ,          .        .         ,                   .

9  1915     -    ,         ,          [55 - Foreign Relations of the United States. Volume 1915. P. 279.].            :          ,  .       ,       ,    .

  1915       :          ,     ,         . 18      30       .               ,       [56 - Foreign Relations of the United States. Volume 1915. P.284285.].

  1915   -  ,       .            .  :     ,       ,       1915            .       ,        .      ,      .

 17  1915      -,                         .                (, ,   -    )  [57 - Foreign Relations of the United States. Volume 1915. P. 293.].    ,      ,    . 23  1915   -      [58 -        1897 ,           13  (24   ).      100-,  76-,      ,    .  1901         .  1906          ,      .].

            .

  1915   -       .           14 ( 19 ),      .          ,             [59 - PonsF.M. The Dominican Republic. A national History. Markus Wiener Publishers, 1998. P. 315.].

,       22  1915 ,                [60 - Foreign Relations of the United States. Volume 1915. P. 296.].   29  1915       ,        .      3000 .     ,     1915  ( 4  )          [61 - Foreign Relations of the United States. Volume 1915. P.326327.].     ,       ,    ,       5  .         (   ),     ,     .      200      .

  ,       .       .   4  1915    ,               ,            1907 .       .

24  1915        ,    ,                .         1911          [62 -  .  . ., 1986. . 50.].  ,   ,     ,  ,   .         ,    ,       ,        .           .

      19       .    ,   ,       .        , :  ![63 -            ,     ,       .].                   .

8  1915      ,   ,          [64 - PonsF.M. The Dominican Republic. A national History. Markus Wiener Publishers, 1998. P. 315.].    ,      , ,  ,      [65 -  .  . M., 1986. . 50.]. 9  ,         (  ,    ),          19 ,   .

19  1916    ,             [66 - Foreign Relations of the United States. Volume 1916. P. 220.].         :     ,            .         ,       .

24  1916      ,           .            ,      .                  [67 - Foreign Relations of the United States. Volume 1916. P. 221.].

  1916              - ,     .  ,       ,          .     .                     [68 -  .  , M., 1986. . 50.].        ,           - -.

  -   [69 -    1196       1892 .      100-    , 栖  154 .],    ,     ,   ,    ,     .        :       .     ,    .     ,          .  ,     16  1916 [70 - Foreign Relations of the United States. Volume 1916. P. 221.].                 -      .

   ,             ( ,        ,      ).    ,               ,     . 27  1917   ,       ,       .               [71 - Foreign Relations of the United States. Volume 1916. P. 222.].              .                    .

1  1916           .  ,     ,     .       ,   ,   ,      . 2   - (,    )      [72 -       (  1890 ).    6  ,  15  (28  ).].      :           1914 .

      , 2  1916             ,       .          (       )      .      :      ,         .

   :    ,        , -        [73 - Foreign Relations of the United States. Volume 1916. P. 223.].  ,      :       -    .   ,        ,                 .

3  1916       -         , ,       .       ,      .       ,   -   ,       .




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notes








1


    .  , ,       .      .




2


PonsF.M. The Dominican Republic. A national History. Markus Wiener Publishers, 1998. P. 29.




3


     .




4


             (  ,   1561 ).  ,         .      ,          8  .




5


 ()           711-1492 .




6


     ,      .     ,          ,        .




7


          .




8


PonsF.M. The Dominican Republic. A national History. Markus Wiener Publishers, 1998. P. 45.




9


PonsF.M. The Dominican Republic. A national History. Markus Wiener Publishers, 1998. P. 46.




10


.. . ., 1980. .315316.




11


    1743 ,  ,      33    . ,       1791         -,        (   )   .




12


..  . ., 1969. . 137.




13


          ,        .




14


..  . ., 1969. . 139.




15


..  . ., 1969. . 139.




16


               ,        .




17


  젖  30 .




18


             11  250  .  4       ,        -  1799-1800 .




19


 1826    X     150            .




20


          ,  ,      .




21


,   1776 ,   (    )     ,     ,      .




22


  --        14  ,       150    (    2  ,        ).




23


   ,             .




24


           .




25


18 1849             .




26


   -     .  1847         -    1849    .        :     , 59 ,  , 99   215 .  ,             .




27


      -. 19  1861      ,         .




28


         .




29


         .




30


 ,     .




31


          ࠖ     .




32


 , ,   1898    .




33


     - 8  1839     .     ,  -   ,  -.     ,    .  14          ,   ,       .    .        ,       .      .  1863        ,         .




34


          ,  38  .     ,      420   ,       ʻ.     100   .




35


    堖 Walrussia.




36


 .    . ., 1974. . 247.




37


      1861-1865 ,    .           .




38


 .    . ., 1974. . 247.




39


         .




40


PonsF.M. The Dominican Republic. A national History. Markus Wiener Publishers, 1998. P. 266.




41


PonsF.M. The Dominican Republic. A national History. Markus Wiener Publishers, 1998. P. 268.




42


Santo Domingo Improvement  (SDIC).




43


     -,      .




44


PonsF.M. The Dominican Republic. A national History. Markus Wiener Publishers, 1998. P. 280.




45


PonsF.M. The Dominican Republic. A national History. Markus Wiener Publishers, 1998. P. 281.




46


 .    . ., 1974. . 256.




47


DeGregorioW.A. The complete book of US presidents. New York, 2005. P. 385.




48


           .




49


PonsF.M. The Dominican Republic. A national History. Markus Wiener Publishers, 1998. P. 288.




50


 .  . M., 1986. . 49.




51


.     . ., 1974. . 253.




52


 .  . ., 1986. . 48.




53


PonsF.M. The Dominican Republic. A national History. Markus Wiener Publishers, 1998. P. 306.




54


PonsF.M. The Dominican Republic. A national History. Markus Wiener Publishers, 1998. P. 310.




55


Foreign Relations of the United States. Volume 1915. P. 279.




56


Foreign Relations of the United States. Volume 1915. P.284285.




57


Foreign Relations of the United States. Volume 1915. P. 293.




58


       1897 ,           13  (24   ).      100-,  76-,      ,    .  1901         .  1906          ,      .




59


PonsF.M. The Dominican Republic. A national History. Markus Wiener Publishers, 1998. P. 315.




60


Foreign Relations of the United States. Volume 1915. P. 296.




61


Foreign Relations of the United States. Volume 1915. P.326327.




62


 .  . ., 1986. . 50.




63


           ,     ,       .




64


PonsF.M. The Dominican Republic. A national History. Markus Wiener Publishers, 1998. P. 315.




65


 .  . M., 1986. . 50.




66


Foreign Relations of the United States. Volume 1916. P. 220.




67


Foreign Relations of the United States. Volume 1916. P. 221.




68


 .  , M., 1986. . 50.




69


   1196       1892 .      100-    , 栖  154 .




70


Foreign Relations of the United States. Volume 1916. P. 221.




71


Foreign Relations of the United States. Volume 1916. P. 222.




72


      (  1890 ).    6  ,  15  (28  ).




73


Foreign Relations of the United States. Volume 1916. P. 223.


