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 XX   XXI         . ,   ,         [34 -  ..       // . 2007. 2;  .,  .    // . 2002. 10;  ..    ,     // . 1999. . 20;  ..,  ..       // 54- - ,   .  . ., 1999;  ..,  ..       :   //  . 2005. 1;  ..     (    ) // . 2005. 2; .],                       .  ,             .       [35 -    . , 1998.]  .  300-     ..         ,                     [36 -  ..,  ..,  ..         //     . . 4. , 2001;  ..        //    . 5. 2002;  ..    //    . 6. 2003.].

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                -  [53 -  E.B.       (18951904).  . . . ., 2003.],    [54 -  ..     19051914 .  . . . ., 2001;  ..        , 19061914 .  . . . ., 1995;  ..      (     ).  . . . ., 1974; .],    [55 -  .. -  -      19411945 .  . . . ., 1976;  ..        (16951945). ., 2000; .]    [56 -  ..       - .  .  . ., 1985;  ..          .  .  . ., 1996;  ..         19411945 .  .  . , 2007;  .. , ..   .].        ..  [57 -  ..            .  .  . ., 2000.]    ..  [58 -  .. -  :  ,    (16961917).  . . . ., 2009.]:                  - ,              .  ,      ,           ,       ,            ;  - ,     -        ,            ,    ,          ,     .

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              XX . ,  20022005 .,     ,         -  () .  ..      ,  ..     ,  ..   -  ()  ,            ,         19391945 .           -1, -2,    [66 -               .       /     . . per. 1602770. , 2003;             19411945 . /    . . per. 1602771. , 2003;           -  19391940 . /    . . per. 1603112. , 2005;            19411945 . /    . . per. 1602771. , 2003; .].      -       ,         ,    -   ,        .

    , , ,  [67 -  ..    . ., 2001;  .   .       . ., 2000;  ..  . ., 1991;  ..     :   . ., 1988;  ..    ( ). ., 1996; .],            ,      [68 - battltships.spb.ru; dutchsubmarines.com; flot.tsi.ru; hkkk.fi/~yijola/war/finland_wwii; hronos.km.ru; militera. lib.ru; nsa.gov/history; mannerheim.fi; mil.fi/perustietoa/talvisota_end; mil.ru; morflot.tsi.ru; navy.ru; rkka.ru; rkkf.vii2.ru; royal-navy.mod.uk; sci.fi/~ambush/fai7fafincolor.html; shiphistory.navy.ru; ships.boom.ru; sodat-kuvina.cjb.net; sovnavy-ww2.bg.ru; submarine.id.ru; users.tkk.fi/~jaromaa/navygallery; veteraanienperinto.fi; vmk.boom.ru; winterwar.com; winterwar.ru; world-history.ru; .],    .                      .

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                    . ,          1903                     -             . ,   ,   :             ,     ,            ,          -  ,      .  -     ,              .   ,      ,                  .     -     [101 -  .. . .  50-  , . 211212;  ..,  ..,  .. . ., . 3435;].            ..               [102 -  . . ., . 5.].

 1903         - . ,   - ,      1904 ,  , ,       [103 -  - .   . ,    . . 1903, . 763. . : Ը .. - .   . . 2008, . 15.]. ,  -  19041905 .  -              .            : 1901           ; 1904            . [104 - Ը .. . ., . 15;    . 1904. . 14, . 159.].    ,             ,         ,   .             .

   18951904           ,             ,             .    ;       ,       .   ,   -,    ,     .                  ,             .                        .            1900-           .




1.2.        -  19041905 .


         ;       [105 -  .. . ., . 129.]


           19041905 .        XX ,       .             ,       ,         ,        .  ,        - ,       ,               - [106 -  ..        (19041905 .) // . 2004. 3, . 78.].

   ,           XX       ,   ,    ,      [107 - .: .    -  // -      . . 1907. . XII;  ..    1-   (   ). ., 1907;  .       . ., 1908;  ..   .          -  19041905 . ., 1909;  ..       . , 1910;  ..  . . 2. ., 1911.]. -,            ,  -                      19041905 . ,    ,          - .           , ,        ,       1916 .                  ,    ,    .           .. ,     .. ,          19201930 [108 -  ..       . , 1919. . 12;  ..  . . 12. ., 19291931. (. 2-. . 12. ., 2003).].  1930-1970-          ,    [109 - ., :  .. -  19041905 . ., 1938;  .. -  19041905 . ., 1956;  -  19041905 . / . .. . ., 1977.],        . .     -                   19041905 :              .         ,    .  ,     -          .      ,         ..            ,            ,     ,        ,     ,     ,          .         . ,    ,            [110 -  77.   -       // . 1937. 12, . 9596.].          ,  ,        (      ),               [111 - ., : Westwood J.N. Russia against Japan, 19041905. A New Look at the Russo-Japanese War. London, 1986; Connaughton R.M. The War of the Rising Sun and Thumbling Bear: A Military History of the Russo-Japanese War, 19041905. London; New York, 1988;  .      -  (19041905).       // . 1994. 45, . 222227.].         XX         . ,     -      ..   [112 - Menning . Bayonets Before Bullets. The Russian Imperial Army, 18611914. Bloomington, 1992; Schimmelpenninck van der Oye D. Russian Military Intelligence on the Manchurian Front, 1904 05 // Intelligence and National Security. London. January. 1996. V. XI. 1.].

        1990-       .             19041905    .. , . , .. , .. [113 -  ..     19021905 . // . 1989. 5;  .        II. . 1. ., 1998;  ..   . ., 1999;  ..        (19041905 .) // . 2004. .].            .. ,        [114 -  ..           XIXXX . (18981901) // . 1999. 10;  .        18951897 . // . 2000. 4;  .       (18951904).  ... ., 2003.].                      [115 -      //  . .. . . 1. ., 1996;  ..,  ..  .     . . 1. ., 2000.].      - -   ,          - [116 - ., :  ..,  ..,  .. . .;  - ; Ը .. . .],          - ,            .

  ,  ,              ,     -  19041905 . - ,  24  1904      , 7 (20)      27 (  1),             .             .

            ,  ,             .  ,  -,       ,     .      ,   ,       .      ,     .    ,   ,    ,         .    8  1904               .  ,            ,              .

               ,     - -     .  ,   ,       ,    .         ,    31  (12 ) 1904 .       ..    ,             ,          27  (9 ) 1904 .                -       ,    [117 -  ..,  .. -  19041905 .   . . 1990, . 9798;  ..        19041905  // . 2005. 1, . 63.].

 ,      ,   ,    ,        ,   .        ,    ,       ,  .     ,      .

,       ,    ,     ,  ,   ,            ,    .           [118 -  ..        19041905 , . 6366.].

     ,                      .           ,         ,         .     ,         .               . ,     1  .. - (   ,     -     )        -   4-    . ,        2-  . . ,       ,                  .

       19041905 ,  ,   70      100     .              ,         .

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          - ..  (1015  1904 ).     ,  11 ,     ,   ,      ,    - ,       .     ,  ,    ,     .

 -       ...,   , :

 10     41 . 24    131 . 10      ,          ,    ,         ,    ,             ,    :    ,    .   ,    ,        maximum 25 ,  ,          -   ,    .           .

    ,  ,  ,         ,     .        ,   9-  37-   .  ,                    .         ,       .

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          ,       2     1904                             .      ,     .            -,   :     ,     ,      .   ,        ,    ,   [119 -  , . 417, on. 1, . 871, . 386391.].

      ,      1905                  -. 13     .                    .               .   1905      2-       -   ,          ,    .          [120 -      2-      1904  1905 . . 1905, . 106.].   ,                  .              .        ,             ,    . ,       .. ,   ,    ,     .

    ,       ,    2-  . ,              .          ,     ,   ,   .          .  ,                   ,    ,         .

      2-    13  1905 ,                         ,  ,   .   ,      ,                 .            ,         ,        .    ,  [121 -  - , . 1617.].

        -      ,  ,    ,      .   ,                           .      (,   . .)        -.            .       ,    [122 -  ..        19041905 , . 73.].

          ([123 -              ,         .         .])  -  19041905 .        . ,       ,       ,  ,    .  ,  -         :

    ;

          ;

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 ,   -  19041905 .      () :               ( ),       .            ,      .      ,                .

      -      ,         ,  ,   ,         ,          .            .                ,           [124 -  ..       . . 1910, . 11;  ..        19041905 , . 79.]    .

           ()  -    . -,                   ,    . -,                 :              .. ; ,    ,    -  .. ,              . -,               . -,          ,       ,        .




1.3.    19051914 .


     ()  -  19041905 .,      ,            .                [125 -           :   ,      (, , ,      . .),   , , , ,        ,    ()   .]       ,        .   ..    ..  12  1906             -  .

                  4  1907 ,         [126 - - ,   , -  .                . .:  .. . ., . 130.]                  .                [127 -  ..,  ..,  . . ., . 102103; ??? , . 610, on. 1, . 5, . 3.].                 ,    :        ,    ,    , ,   ,     ;             ;      [128 -  .. . ., . 129130.].  ,              .        ,       ()    .

           ..            .                .         .     - ..   152  17  1908  :

         - .       ,        , -           .            ,               ,                  .      ,    ,          -          [129 -  ..,  ..,  .. . ., . 103; . 1908. 8. . 2122.].

         .             ,        . 15  1908      2  ..              .

               5  1908    .       21  1908          - ..     .   8     , , , , , -, ,   8    , , , , , , , .          :      .        .      ,                .                  ,   [130 -  , . 610, on. 1, . 1, . 1219;  ..,  ..,  .. . ., . 104106.].

 1908           (),     ,             [131 -  , 11 (24)  1907 .; http://www.tvmuseum.m/catalog.asp?ob_no=35&page=l (http://www.tvmuseum.m/catalog.asp?ob_no=35&page=l).].

 22   25  1909              1  .. -.    :    2  ..      ,                ,                           ,    


.

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1.            ,           , ,      ,  ,     ,     (23 )           ,  ,  ,     ,     

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3.                          ,     ,      ,        .        ,  , ,      .    ,      ,       ,    ,   ,      .

4.  -       ,  3, ,   ,         .

       , , -,           1200    8 ,            8,  -,           ,    ,   ()  2 .     ,                ( 35 ) .   ,     ,     , - ,          3 .

  ,    ,                 .   :                ,            .    ,                   ,                텻[132 -  , . 610, . 1, . 1, . 129;  ..,  ..,  .. . ., . 10406.].

    1  -     - .       - ..  :    ,         ,   셻[133 - ??? , . 418, on. 1, . 233, . 221.]. ,   ,    ,     .

 ,  1909             2                . ,       .. [134 -    (18831920).  1  (28.07.1917).     (1904).   .     - .    -.             (9.08.1904,   ,     ).  .    21.01.1906.                    (19071912).  1912 .    : 2-    ( ) (19121917),  -   ,   , -    (1917).    (30.04.1918).   ..              ,        (19181920).           .      ,   ,    -  ,     .      ,          I .            ,      .    .],   [135 -         :        ,   ,   (),    ()   ;         ,    ()     ;             ,        . .:  ..      // . 1920. 13, . 3940.]     1909 ,                           ,    .                1907   ,        8000 .   ,       [136 -  . .. .  // . 1920. 13, . 12.].

                [137 -  , . 418, . 1, . 233, . 221.]. ,    ,     ,         .            .               . ,            , . .   .

        3  1909          ,            . ,    1909         ,           [138 -  ..,  ..,  .. . ., . 102106.].

               ,          .      - ,     .. .   ,               .      ,       ,         ,       [139 -  . . ., . 2.].

               (), 23  1909      310   ,             .     311               ,          ,       .                 (.. )   (.. )     (.. ).    ,   - .                  ,         ,   .   ,   ,                  .

                ,   ,    ()     .        ,      ;      .   1909                .             [140 -  ..,  ..    . . 2006, . 10.].

                 ,         -    (, )   (, ),     5    200 .

  1911                  1910       ,    ,    .                 .

    1911            .                    26  1911   35    .           .  ,                 [141 -  , . 610, on. 1, . 47, . 23.].  ,   ,        ,    1911 ,             .            ,     .

        .       ,         .        , , ,  . ,     ,     ,  ;              -    ;     ,               ,         .      48-   .         ( 7  25   )        ,    ,      .      -   .     1912 ,   ,     ,           ,     ;          [142 -  .. . ., . 131.]




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/v-g-kiknadze/nevidimyy-front-voyny-na-more-morskaya-radioelektronnaya-razvedka-v-pervoy-polovine-hh-veka/)  .

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1


.:  , 20  2008 .




2


      ,         ,             ()    ()   ()          .      ,     : ,  ,  , -         .




3


     2020 .. ., 2001;         (.:  ..            .  . , . . 2000, . 133).




4


     ,       ,  ,   ,       -        ,  ,                   ( )  ,     ,         .




5


        ,  ,  ,               ,      .




6


           -   ()     -    ,                (       ).           ,       ( )  ,    ,     XX   ()           .




7


. :  , 29  2008 .




8


 .   .  3- . ., 19982001;  ..   . ., 1994;  ..       . 4. 12. , 1919;  ..           XX  (19061914 .) //  . . 8. . 1996. 3;  ..,  ..       // . 1993. 7; .




9


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10


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11


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12


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13


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14


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15


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16


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17


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18


 ..    . ., 1958;  ..  . ., 1975;  ..,  ..       :     // . 2005. 7;  ..         -  19041905 . //  . .   . 1995;  ..,  ..     . ., 1987;  .  -   // . 2005. 4; .




19


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20


 .. -    . ., 1992;  ..         //    -     . ., 1988;  ..   -   . 19391941  // . 2004. 3;  .     // . 2002. 10;  ..    -         // . 1999. 6;  ..  -      // . 2004. 7;  ..     // . 1985. 5;  ..              19411942 . // . 2007. 11;  ..         (19411945 .). ., 1950;  .       .       // . 2005. 6;  .. -    . , 2004;  ..          .   - . ., 1988;  ..    // . 1985. 5;  ..                  // . 2007. 11; .




21


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22


 ..,  ..      . ., 1923;  .. . ., 1925;  .   . ., 1929.




23


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24


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25


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26


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27


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28


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29


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30


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31


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32


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33


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35


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36


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37


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63


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64


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65


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72


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74


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75


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77


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78


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79


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80


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81


 , 28  (10 ) 1901 .




82


 , 11 (24)  1901 .




83


   (291869, -  24.5951, -, ).    .-   (1892),    (1898),    (1902).  17.12.1892   29-     .  (1894). 18951897     33-  29- .  (1898). 18921906      .  1904        2-  ;       750-  ,       .  1905         -,       2-  .   1906        .   1907          1907       .  1908               .  1910    .  1  (1913).   1917      . 19191920     .   .   .  2- . (1913)     (1916), .  2- . (1910), .  4- . (1910),     (1909),    4- . (1897).




84


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85


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86


 .    - .     // . 2009. 5, . 52; . :  -  ,      ( ), . , on. 1, . 74, . 2, 7, 12, 13.




87


 , 17 (30)  1902 .




88


 , 2 (15)  1902 .




89


 , 6 (19)  1902 .




90


 , 30  (12 ) 1902 .




91


 ..,  ..,  ... . ., . 9596.




92


 . . ., . 5256; http://www.tvmuseum.ra/catalog.asp?ob_no=35&page=l (http://www.tvmuseum.ra/catalog.asp?ob_no=35&page=l); . :  , . , on. 1, . 74, 84, 104; . 49, on. 1, . 23.




93


 , 18 (31)  1902 .




94


 , 21  (3 ) 1902 .




95


 , 21  (3 ) 1902 .




96


http://www.tvmuseum.ra/catalog.asp?ob_no=35&page=l (http://www.tvmuseum.ra/catalog.asp?ob_no=35&page=l).




97


 ..,  ..,  ... . ., . 9596.




98


http://www.tvmuseum.ru/catalog.asp?ob_no=35&page=l (http://www.tvmuseum.ru/catalog.asp?ob_no=35&page=l).




99


 - , . 913.




100


 ..,  ..,  .. . ., . 34;    -  (??? ), . 417, on. 1, . 2298, . 183.




101


 .. . .  50-  , . 211212;  ..,  ..,  .. . ., . 3435;




102


 . . ., . 5.




103


 - .   . ,    . . 1903, . 763. . : Ը .. - .   . . 2008, . 15.




104


Ը .. . ., . 15;    . 1904. . 14, . 159.




105


 .. . ., . 129.




106


 ..        (19041905 .) // . 2004. 3, . 78.




107


.: .    -  // -      . . 1907. . XII;  ..    1-   (   ). ., 1907;  .       . ., 1908;  ..   .          -  19041905 . ., 1909;  ..       . , 1910;  ..  . . 2. ., 1911.




108


 ..       . , 1919. . 12;  ..  . . 12. ., 19291931. (. 2-. . 12. ., 2003).




109


., :  .. -  19041905 . ., 1938;  .. -  19041905 . ., 1956;  -  19041905 . / . .. . ., 1977.




110


 77.   -       // . 1937. 12, . 9596.




111


., : Westwood J.N. Russia against Japan, 19041905. A New Look at the Russo-Japanese War. London, 1986; Connaughton R.M. The War of the Rising Sun and Thumbling Bear: A Military History of the Russo-Japanese War, 19041905. London; New York, 1988;  .      -  (19041905).       // . 1994. 45, . 222227.




112


Menning . Bayonets Before Bullets. The Russian Imperial Army, 18611914. Bloomington, 1992; Schimmelpenninck van der Oye D. Russian Military Intelligence on the Manchurian Front, 1904 05 // Intelligence and National Security. London. January. 1996. V. XI. 1.




113


 ..     19021905 . // . 1989. 5;  .        II. . 1. ., 1998;  ..   . ., 1999;  ..        (19041905 .) // . 2004. .




114


 ..           XIXXX . (18981901) // . 1999. 10;  .        18951897 . // . 2000. 4;  .       (18951904).  ... ., 2003.




115


     //  . .. . . 1. ., 1996;  ..,  ..  .     . . 1. ., 2000.




116


., :  ..,  ..,  .. . .;  - ; Ը .. . .




117


 ..,  .. -  19041905 .   . . 1990, . 9798;  ..        19041905  // . 2005. 1, . 63.




118


 ..        19041905 , . 6366.




119


 , . 417, on. 1, . 871, . 386391.




120


     2-      1904  1905 . . 1905, . 106.




121


 - , . 1617.




122


 ..        19041905 , . 73.




123


             ,         .         .




124


 ..       . . 1910, . 11;  ..        19041905 , . 79.




125


          :   ,      (, , ,      . .),   , , , ,        ,    ()   .




126


- ,   , -  .                . .:  .. . ., . 130.




127


 ..,  ..,  . . ., . 102103; ??? , . 610, on. 1, . 5, . 3.




128


 .. . ., . 129130.




129


 ..,  ..,  .. . ., . 103; . 1908. 8. . 2122.




130


 , . 610, on. 1, . 1, . 1219;  ..,  ..,  .. . ., . 104106.




131


 , 11 (24)  1907 .; http://www.tvmuseum.m/catalog.asp?ob_no=35&page=l (http://www.tvmuseum.m/catalog.asp?ob_no=35&page=l).




132


 , . 610, . 1, . 1, . 129;  ..,  ..,  .. . ., . 10406.




133


??? , . 418, on. 1, . 233, . 221.




134


   (18831920).  1  (28.07.1917).     (1904).   .     - .    -.             (9.08.1904,   ,     ).  .    21.01.1906.                    (19071912).  1912 .    : 2-    ( ) (19121917),  -   ,   , -    (1917).    (30.04.1918).   ..              ,        (19181920).           .      ,   ,    -  ,     .      ,          I .            ,      .    .




135


        :        ,   ,   (),    ()   ;         ,    ()     ;             ,        . .:  ..      // . 1920. 13, . 3940.




136


 . .. .  // . 1920. 13, . 12.




137


 , . 418, . 1, . 233, . 221.




138


 ..,  ..,  .. . ., . 102106.




139


 . . ., . 2.




140


 ..,  ..    . . 2006, . 10.




141


 , . 610, on. 1, . 47, . 23.




142


 .. . ., . 131.


