    .   19381968 .  2.   . 19481968 .
  


 
           1938  1968 .               1948 . ,           .          ,            ,        .              ,             XX   .         1968 ,       ,         ,   - .       ,   ,   ࠖ    ,      ,        .       ,          .      ,     ,            .  ,            . ,    ,       .    , ,     ,          .





 

    .   19381968.  2.   . 19481968.



 .., , 2015

 A.M.,    , 2016

 ..,    , 2016

      , 2016







 1968             ,   .          ,               .

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         .

 ,         ,         ,    (   )            .




 1.   :   1948-1953 


          1948-                     - .

    1948   685    3971           70%, -⠖ 17%,     () 4%,  ⠖ 4%,  5%.

14  1948          .        ,         , ,           [1 - ..  . ., 1978. . 109.].

   1948       9500 ,    5800       2500   .     1432 [2 - .  . ., 2003. . 264.].  11  1948      5539 .

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     ⠖     40  .

     ,      1948-      .   1948-1949         262 500 . 241  1960  .      1948-1968      .

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27  1948        Р  -  ()            .   34              () .        ,      .     (, , )    .           .        蠖        .

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  1948        :    1,4   (  1945-     30 ).              856 657  ,   蠖 196 928.  1948      2,5  ,   320     .       נ  .       1948      .

     ,    ,         150  .     ,   ,   .        .

  1949       202 872    100  -[4 - Vojenske dejiny Ceskoslovenska. Dil V. Praha, 1989. S. 280.].

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    蠖 ,     1946  62% , ,    8  1948      , ,     ,        .

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 ,           1948   , ,    600   15  [5 - http://is.muni.cz/th/64234/ff_m/Hlavni_textova_cast.pdf].

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     .    ,         (       ,  -).               . ,        ,      (   )       .  ,            ,       .

     .   ,        .           .            .

    1948-1949  28  .

         (1948-1989 )     500  ,  3,5% [8 - http://is.muni.cz/th/52127/ff_m/Strucna_historie_uprchliku_z_ceskych_zemi_.pdf.].    ,      (   40-50 )   ,    -,    1,2  ,     . 400      ,       200   .

  ,   1948           (          ),    .     . ,    ,  ,   .

         ( 21   16  ).           ,          , ,    ,     1948 ,   .        230     300. 59     , a 11     .

       30  1948    ,      .       () .        6 424 724  (86,6%),     994419  (13,4%). 250     .

          .    211  (   ,     頖   ), 25 -, 26  , 23   , 12  -         .

 , 15  1948 ,     ( )     .     9  1948-        (    254   300).             [9 - Hoensch J. Geschichte der Tschechoslowakischen Republik 1918 bis 1965. Stuttgart, 1966. S. 148.].            : ,  , ,          ,       [10 - http://www.psp.cz/docs/texts/constitution_1948.html.].     ,  Р      ⠖   .

    ⠖    (   100 )    ()    ,   ,     .

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, 1  1949          蠖 , -          19  (): 13      6  .

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5  1948       -   .           .         , ,       30   7  1948 , ,  ,     -       .

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3  1948.       (    )      1947  .          . -     , -  ,  - ,      ,     1948           .

  2004          ( )      292/2004,     :      .        ,     ,          .   2005       .    ,    ,  10  1948      .

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-  :           ,     . ,             ,         [14 - Faure J. Americky pritel. Praha, 2005. S. 83.]. -   : ,       ,   ,  .    [15 - Kettner P., fedlicka I. Proc zemrel Jan Masaryk? Praha, 1990. S. 18.].

 ,  -         ,      ,  .

            1948     ,     .          .         16  1948 :       [16 - Faure J. Americky pritel. Praha, 2005. S. 84.].            ,   ,         .     16  1948    ,        .

     .    1948-      ,             .           , 堖   .

        ,          .  80  ,    , 33  .           ,  ,   ,      ,       .     ,             ,       ࠖ .

              ,    26  1948 :   ,       ,               ,    . [  ] ,        , ,     ,           ,     .  [  ]    ,   ,       ,            [17 - Faure J. Americky pritel. Praha, 2005. S. 85.].

         ,  2  1948      (   )    ,    .

25  1948                                . , ,             ,   .          -            .      (     ) ,      ,     .     ,          .     .

          . 12  1948            .  ,   1947        ,   ,           . 17      .              22  1948 .

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           .               ,     , ,         .    ,    , ,          [19 - Faure J. Americky pritel. Praha, 2005. S. 86.].

          .  17  1948    , , ,                   . -     ,   ,     .

11  1948       ,               .     ,                    .      .   ,             .         .

     ,        ,        .   1948      Charioteer ()   70   133  ,         -36   ,   䠖 .    ,   28   ,        ,        6,7 [20 - Vojenske dejiny Ceskoslovenska. Dil V. Praha, 1989. S. 270.].   ,    18  1948 ,             -.  ,    ,      ,   ,   [21 - Ross S. American War Plans 1945-1950. Portland Oregon, 1996. P. 80.].

,                .  1949     Dropshot (  ).            ,      .      ,      ,      .   ,   1952         .

         .                   .  ,        ,       .

4  1948  ,                    .       - 1945 ,        .            ,  ,   .

18       .  ,               , ,             ,      .    ,    ,        ,            .        (!).

22           ( ,           ,       ,      ). ,      [22 - Keiderling G. Die Berliner Krise 1948/49. Berlin. 1982. S. 84.]. ,        :          .     頖                90  ,         [23 - Keiderling G. Die Berliner Krise 1948/49. Berlin. 1982, S. 86.].

          ,                   .       (New Statesman and Nation)     : , ,  ,    . ,      ,     ;  ,               ,       .       ,      ,     ?

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              100     10   .     ,          1948-1949   ,     .   1948       2202 ,   ࠖ 2289.

 22     4  1948        ࠖ       .       , ,            ,       .        .

4  1949      ,   ,    ꠖ    (). 24              - (, , , , , , , , , ,   ).

             ,           .     1950      OPLAN 100-1.              .

           .  1949           18,7      13,5 .

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                            .        . , ,    .

   1947     ()     NSC 4-A,       , ,        .       ,             [24 -            .     www.history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frusl969-76vel0/actionsstatement.].

18  1948.    NSC 10/2   ,      (covert actions): [],            ,        ,      ,           ,       ,          [25 - www.history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frusl969-76vel0/actionsstatement.].

      ,        .       : ;  ;   ,  , ,  ()   ();     ,    ,     ,          ,   [26 - www.history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frusl969-76vel0/actionsstatement.].

  1948      (NSC 20/4)      :    ,   ,              ,      ,             [27 - Faure J. Americky pritel. Praha, 2005. S. 103.].

              (      ),   .

  1948    - ,      .      (       - )    -  ,      .       ,       .            .           ,   ,      .

     ,  ,  .            ,       .     ()   :  285 147  ,    1948 ,   218379 ,            .               頖  ,  , , , , , ,  ,     ,           ,      , , , ,  ,    ,    , , , , , ., , , ,             [28 - http://postrana.narod.ru/revpage8.html.].

        ,             .

         1948 :  ,         ,    .          ,   젖  ,    [29 - Faure J. Americky pritel. Praha, 2005. S. 103.].

                  (Office of Policy Coordination),         (Office of Special Projects),    .         ,       ,        .         ,   ,        (Policy Planning Staff) .       ,   .

            ()    (     - ).  (  1909 ),    ,       -,         .        1944                               30 .    , 24- ,      .      .

      .    ,      ,         ,           [30 - Weiner T. Legacy of Ashes. The History of the CIA. New York, 2007. P. 12.].

         ,    .   ,     ,      1944          ,          [31 - Thomas E. The Four Who Dared. New York, 1995. P. 20.].

  1945            頖  ,       .   1946      ,     ,   1947-      ,           ,         .

  1948 ,              ,                .                ,    ,      .

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    ,                  .

              (   ).   ,        ,   ,     .     ,                ,   1949-1951       .          ,            ()[33 - Weiner T. Legacy of Ashes. The History of the CIA. New York, 2007. P. 53.].

              ,          . ,            2          [34 - Thomas E. The Four Who Dared. New York, 1995. P. 32.].

                . ,    16  1948        ,            ,   ,    . ,             ,      [35 - https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csipublications/books-and-monographs/assessing-the-soviet-threat-the-early-cold-war-years/5563bod2.pdf.].              ,                .

                     1948 .   ,     2  1948 ,  :              ,           1948 [36 - https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csipublications/books-and-monographs/assessing-the-soviet-threat-the-early-cold-war-years/5563bod2.pdf.].

             .              1948          ,        .

7  1948            (    ).    . 20                   .            (),   (),   ().        :              ,  蠖 ,  蠖  (     ).

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   1948                :      ,    ,       . ,  ,    ,      ,   .       ,    .         :    -   ,    (      . .),      ,  ,    [38 - Faure J. Americky pritel. Praha, 2005. S. 88.].

    (       )   ,        .   ,                    .  ,      ,    .

 ,              ,   ,         .   ,   ,                   ...    1948 ,        ,  ,   ,       1946-,     ,   ,       .  ,       ,           . ,   ,     ,       1948      ?                          .

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  ,       -  (                1948 )           ,           1945-1948 .

         (displaced persons,   DP)          .    ,     ,  ,   .   1948       8922   [39 - Faure J. Americky pritel. Praha, 2005. S. 88.].          ,      ,    .        ,       1950   .

25  1948      ,   200      (     )     .            22  1945 . ,           .                   25 .           2    ,     25  1948 .   1949-           15  .         500    ,    ,   ,           .

  1950     530   ,  蠖 1622,  蠖 1022,  蠖 4250,  堖 1167[40 - Faure J. Americky pritel. Praha, 2005. S. 91.].    ,        ,      ,           .      ,          1945 .

             ,     .

27  1948            (, ,     ).  30 ,   ,       . 22  1948               .     ,        ,     .  20  ,      , ,          .            .

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  39 , 21   (   ,   )   .       12 ,           .         .        ,      .      ,    (   ).

,     18  1949        ,    1945 [41 - RaskaF.D. Opousteni bojovnici. Praha, 2009. S. 192.].          1945         -      .

 1947-1949            , , ,   .  ,              .             ,     :             ,     .

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              40529     (    )[43 - http://is.muni.cz/th/l1192/ff_d/dizertace_palecek_bez_priloh_final_version_IS_MUNI.txt.].     ,          - (   )      4    (   13 ).            -ࠖ   ,   1951     32     .        2000 .

      .       1916 ,      ,            ,      ,   .

 1945 ,     ,                 .          ,             䓻.             .     , ,          ,     (           ).             .

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 1949                 堖    ().        1947-, ,             .      ,        ,       .                ,  .             ,       [46 - Mosley L. Dulles. New York, 1978. P. 243.].

 1949          , 302     4,7  .  1952     47,  ⠖ 2812 (  3142   ),    84  .   -           .          ,           .           .

               л        ,      .

,     ,          . 1 1949                    ().    ,    ,    .          ,            .      ,           ,      .       ,     , ,  ,  .                    .

 ,   1949            .   ,       50- .     ,  , ,      ,     -              -.

         ()    1949    .   1950               .  (  1904     )   30-    .  1940                 (Board of Economic Warfare),          .  1944                 ,   1946              (Office of International Trade Policy)      (Office of Economic Affairs).

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  ,          NSC 68,           .           ,         1954 ,             .     ,       40%     27    .

   ,          ( ,    ..),   NSC 68           .

,                  1950     .                      .         ,               ,         ,          . ,    ,         ,   ,      .    ,          .              ,      .

  ,         1948 ,     ,         .            .

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               (Committee on Present Danger),            .         頖    .

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         ,    -       .                      (Communist Crush Churches in Eastern Europe).

       ,           .

      ,            .       .           ,      .   1949       -         :    ,     .

     1948       27  1948   ,             ,           [48 - https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/assessing-the-soviet-threat-the-early-cold-war-years/5563bod2.pdf.].

   ,                 ,                 .

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 ,                  .

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     9  1948       (     ) :           ,   ,       (1948 ).     .    100  ;    ,      .        .   ,      .      .   ,     ,   ,  ,    ..[54 - .  . ., 2003. .266267.].

         .   1948       11  ,  15      .       .

,        ,   ,   ,    ,    .

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   ,    [55 -   1888       .        .     1911 .  1932      ,     ,         .    6  1940      . 4 1946          .],     ,       ,              14  1948 [56 - Hoensch J. Geschichte der Tschechoslowakischen Republik 1918 bis 1965. Stuttgart, 1966. S. 153.].            ,       ,          .

        ,   ,          .         ( )      .          ࠖ      .

                 ,         .

       ࠖ  XII  30  1948      .            ,     ,     ,    .

            .         (,     ).   1948        ,    1949-       .    ,          .

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-    ,                  .

       ,   ,      .            (  ,   -).         ,         (  )    .

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14  1949         ,        ,         .          ,    2    .             .        , 98%  ,      (     ,   ),  22  1950    .      1950      .

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25  1948      247/48,     .   ,   1954 ,   ,   20   (    ).      ,     .      , ,   .     ,     .           .        .        ࠖ ,      ,     .

       (     ꠖ )         18  60         .   1949      9061 .               .   1948   1950    31        16691 .

         .              ,    .    ,      ,  ,  .  1951            .       .        ,   1949      297 .        . ,   1949     900 [57 -   ,    ,      .] (10%  ,    ). ,      .    ,       (,  1950     617).

  蠖     , ,    .  1949       77  ,      66,4 .

        (    5  ).         ( 98    ).  1949               .

            ,   1948 .

, 7  1948                      .    1945    ( Z)      .    ,   180          . ,        .   (     1948    )    ,          ,       .   ,   ,            .         1946 ,  8  1948-  [58 - Die Tschechoslowakei 1945/48 bis 1989: Studien zur kommunistischen Herrschaft. Leipzig, 2008. S. 93.].

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  1946               ,    .

  1948     ,     300 .         .       ,     , , , [60 -  1968-1990             (  ).],   ..         ,       -.    ,      ࠖ 7  1949 [61 - Vojenske dejiny Ceskoslovenska. Dil V. Praha, 1989. S. 287.].

           .         18  1949 .

                         ().

               .

   1948     -       ,       .

       [62 -  1916 ,    - ,               .  1935         (  ),            .        .            .      ,      1939    .           .   1945       6-    (    ,      )    .  1  1946         .   1948     ,           .] (      ,   ).                    .     -       -.   , ,        ( )   .

      -   .   ,                       (,  ). ,  Czechoslovak Intelligence Organisation (CIO,   ),        .            ,              [63 - Solz J. Ve sluzbach prezidenta. Praha, 1994. S. 238.].        MEASURE (  ),            .     , , , , , ,   .

        -   .           , ,   ,      ,     .

       ,                       .              1942 .

      1945       .    ,               1939      2-  ()  1-   ,     .                .

    ,  ,       ,     2-  ,        ,    .   ,           ,  1  1947        14-     -.      ,          ,      1948 [64 - Solz J. Ve sluzbach prezidenta. Praha, 1994. S. 232.].

   .   ,   ,      ,   .         ,   ,       .  ,  ,        ,  ,    .

                  .   ,  ,        ,     .   1948         -,      .         ,     .                .

           ,        - .   Special Service Company 946 (  ),       .   ,  ,  ,      ,   1945 ࠖ    ,      .        MIS.

             .                 [65 -      ,  .            1945 . 6 1945         ,  27  1947-     . 3 1948         .       1956 .  1991-        .].       ,  蠖 .           ,                1939 .

  ,    ,        1949               ( ,   ).              .

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    -- ( 757)  .

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    (USAFE)      ()     ()    (    )       .

       :    ,   Pink House (   ),      (American Office of Boston)[66 - Solz J. Ve sluzbach prezidenta. Praha, 1994. S. 241.].      :   -  52 ,             .

   ,     .                .

27  1948            ,  ,    30-     .  1938     ,    ,   ,     - (    ,     ).              ,     .  ,           .

   ,                ,    .  ,          ,         .       ,      ,      ,    .              .       .           .

            .  ,     ,     ,       .   蠖  .         ,   .        .         1949-1950   500 [67 - https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/vol.-55-no.-l/pdfs/CleanedLukes-OperationKamen-Web.pdf.].           . 10    , 20     .

        ,       .        ,           .               ,    .

       ,       .     I  ()   28-  ,      ,   29- ,           . -    IV,   .

 -               ,  -    ,   ,      .    ,    ,       (        , )[68 - https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/vol.-55-no.-l/pdfs/CleanedLukes-OperationKamen-Web.pdf.].

  -.          ,       .      ,         ,    .              .

,   ,     ,       ,              1948     . 1 1948        ,     .    1943-1944       ,        .         ,       . ,           . ,           15       .

    1948           (     )   11 .     ,      15- .

         1948       .     2 ,         .        ,      .

                 ,      .        ,  ,     .      .            ,               . 10  1948    , ,   ,      ,      . 12  1949        .                        .           .    ,          .   ,             .

,      -  -           ,      .

  1949                 .     ,    ,     ,      ,           ,              .        ,    ,    ( ),        ,            (   )  .

 ,     ,      .       ,     1948     .

            ,       1948-.                 (    ).         .      ,       .       40% , 60% -   .          72%,  28%  [69 - Vojenske dejiny Ceskoslovenska. Dil V. Praha, 1989. S. 296.].

  1948  80%          ,       1948-  15,4%.      1949   25    16     .

     1948 ,                  981   .       454   .     ,               .              .

             .    1948     ,   822    (6%   ).   130  ().      ,             .

    ,        .        .          ,   1949     98 .          .

   1948     1949-     2965 ,   22,2%     [70 - Vojenske dejiny Ceskoslovenska. Dil V. Praha, 1989. S. 317.].     52,3%  ,      ,  25,25%    .         (32,1%    )    (30,9%).    ,   10 921      1949    2539 (23,2%),  2191 -ࠖ 426 (19,4%).

      1949         ,      -   . , 73%       (  ), 16% , 9% , 0,3% .    (  ) 42%  , 22%   36% . 78%       , 12%    10%  .

 ,    ,        ,        1948-1949     .               1948-.

          , , ,     ,   1945 .      ,   ࠖ  .

 ,         ,     , , , , , ,     ( 1945      ,   ).  ,            50 [71 - . :   . ., 1988. . 49.].

  1948    2653 ,     .    ,        1948    .  1  1949        95%     .  1950  98%      , ,    , , ,      94,3%,  堖 95,5%[72 - ..    - . ., 1954. . 152.].

      10    .   , ,    ,           .                    ,   300-400%.    -          ,      .

  1948        60%[73 -  .  3. ., 1960. . 485.].

   ,       .          ,           ,    ,        . ,                   ,           .

  1948      70%    35% .    ,     ,                       .

 1948-           .

 1948       ,               1945-,      .           .    1948      70%   ,   1950  80%.      29,3%  19%[74 - . :   . ., 1988. . 65.].

21  1948         ,       1946-1947 .       堖 50,  , , , , , , , ,  ,  .

 ,   ,         .        ,   .         ,  ,   .            10           ,     20%.            .  ,             .

              10%     15 .

            ,   .            ,      (  ),     (  ).          ,          .

 2     ,         ,  4ࠖ ,          .           30[75 - ..    - . ., 1954. . 153.].

       .           :  -         .    21  1948          3,5%     3%   (   5  40 ).    (,  )               .

,          1945     .

15  1948            ,     .           ,       :  ,    ( 65 ,         ),     ,    ,      ..

              853  ,    1945 ࠖ 4,5  (     ).  ,      1948        (    )    .    98    .

                  .

     1948 ,      1918 ,          . ,    ,      .        ,           . ,        ,   , ,     .

       (  ,      1945   )       .          .           .          1945     .   堖    נ    .   ,  1947 ,             ,     .     (      ,   )    ,    ,         .

          ,            .

   ,          䠖       ,    ,      .          .          ,            ,      .

         1948 .  0,5     (       1945 )      (). ,  ,    ,         ,     ,   1945-1946    .

   9  1948        .   12   :     :   , , ,     ;        ,            .    ,         [76 -  .  3. ., 1960. . 486.].

  ,   1948               40%    .      5,7%  .   (       )  17%     20%     .      60  ,           .

        .      렖      31,3%.

       1948  ,         .   ࠖ ,         ,   .        1945      1938   8%.

 ,                 ,     .  1948        62,7%  ,    堖 16,9%,  堖 20%.       ,            .         , ,    .

       ,   1945       .        ,   40    .  31  1948        337  ,         .   ,  ,  ,   1945   .         23 871 [77 - . :   . ., 1988. . 81.].

          ,        20% ,   .

 ,      ,    1948      ,         . ,        : ,      ,   .  , ,   ,      ,        . ,       ,      ,          ,      (!)[78 - . :   . ., 1988. . 82.].

         1918         ,           .  1918-1932      200 ,      26  .  1933-1937    485   .  1937       2,94%    .

       1945-1948     1918 .

    1945-1948      .           .

        ,      ,        .




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/nikolay-nikolaevich-platoshkin/vesna-i-osen-chehoslovackogo-socializma-chehoslovakiya-v-1938-1968-chast-2-osen-chehoslovackogo-socializma-1948-1968/)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


..  . ., 1978. . 109.




2


.  . ., 2003. . 264.




3


   (  1902 )           1939  1945 .   ,     1948       ( ,    ).  ,         .         24  1948     .




4


Vojenske dejiny Ceskoslovenska. Dil V. Praha, 1989. S. 280.




5


http://is.muni.cz/th/64234/ff_m/Hlavni_textova_cast.pdf




6


 1925       ,     ,        .




7


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8


http://is.muni.cz/th/52127/ff_m/Strucna_historie_uprchliku_z_ceskych_zemi_.pdf.




9


Hoensch J. Geschichte der Tschechoslowakischen Republik 1918 bis 1965. Stuttgart, 1966. S. 148.




10


http://www.psp.cz/docs/texts/constitution_1948.html.




11


  ,   ,       (  1935 ,   ).




12


Faure J. Americky pritel. Praha, 2005. S. 83.




13


Kettner P., fedlicka I. Proc zemrel Jan Masaryk? Praha, 1990. S. 18.




14


Faure J. Americky pritel. Praha, 2005. S. 83.




15


Kettner P., fedlicka I. Proc zemrel Jan Masaryk? Praha, 1990. S. 18.




16


Faure J. Americky pritel. Praha, 2005. S. 84.




17


Faure J. Americky pritel. Praha, 2005. S. 85.




18


Vojenske dejiny Ceskoslovenska. Dil V. Praha, 1989. S. 277.




19


Faure J. Americky pritel. Praha, 2005. S. 86.




20


Vojenske dejiny Ceskoslovenska. Dil V. Praha, 1989. S. 270.




21


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22


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23


Keiderling G. Die Berliner Krise 1948/49. Berlin. 1982, S. 86.




24


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25


www.history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frusl969-76vel0/actionsstatement.




26


www.history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frusl969-76vel0/actionsstatement.




27


Faure J. Americky pritel. Praha, 2005. S. 103.




28


http://postrana.narod.ru/revpage8.html.




29


Faure J. Americky pritel. Praha, 2005. S. 103.




30


Weiner T. Legacy of Ashes. The History of the CIA. New York, 2007. P. 12.




31


Thomas E. The Four Who Dared. New York, 1995. P. 20.




32


Thomas . The Four Who Dared. New York, 1995. P. 25.




33


Weiner T. Legacy of Ashes. The History of the CIA. New York, 2007. P. 53.




34


Thomas E. The Four Who Dared. New York, 1995. P. 32.




35


https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csipublications/books-and-monographs/assessing-the-soviet-threat-the-early-cold-war-years/5563bod2.pdf.




36


https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csipublications/books-and-monographs/assessing-the-soviet-threat-the-early-cold-war-years/5563bod2.pdf.




37


Faure J. Americky pritel. Praha, 2005. S. 103.




38


Faure J. Americky pritel. Praha, 2005. S. 88.




39


Faure J. Americky pritel. Praha, 2005. S. 88.




40


Faure J. Americky pritel. Praha, 2005. S. 91.




41


RaskaF.D. Opousteni bojovnici. Praha, 2009. S. 192.




42


  1951 ࠖ       (American Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia),   1953-      .




43


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44


Mosley L. Dulles. New York, 1978. P.222223.




45


Mosley L. Dulles. New York, 1978. P. 227.




46


Mosley L. Dulles. New York, 1978. P. 243.




47


Faure J. Americky pritel. Praha, 2005. S. 119.




48


https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/assessing-the-soviet-threat-the-early-cold-war-years/5563bod2.pdf.




49


Faure J. Americky pritel. Praha, 2005. S. 98.




50


Fame J. Americky pritel. Praha, 2005. S. 97.




51


Faure J. Americky pritel. Praha, 2005. S. 98.




52


Vojenske dejiny Ceskoslovenska. Dil V. Praha, 1989. S. 278.




53


http://www.czsk.net/svet/clanky/publicistika/spartakada.html.




54


.  . ., 2003. .266267.




55


  1888       .        .     1911 .  1932      ,     ,         .    6  1940      . 4 1946          .




56


Hoensch J. Geschichte der Tschechoslowakischen Republik 1918 bis 1965. Stuttgart, 1966. S. 153.




57


  ,    ,      .




58


Die Tschechoslowakei 1945/48 bis 1989: Studien zur kommunistischen Herrschaft. Leipzig, 2008. S. 93.




59


        XV ,            .




60


 1968-1990             (  ).




61


Vojenske dejiny Ceskoslovenska. Dil V. Praha, 1989. S. 287.




62


 1916 ,    - ,               .  1935         (  ),            .        .            .      ,      1939    .           .   1945       6-    (    ,      )    .  1  1946         .   1948     ,           .




63


Solz J. Ve sluzbach prezidenta. Praha, 1994. S. 238.




64


Solz J. Ve sluzbach prezidenta. Praha, 1994. S. 232.




65


     ,  .            1945 . 6 1945         ,  27  1947-     . 3 1948         .       1956 .  1991-        .




66


Solz J. Ve sluzbach prezidenta. Praha, 1994. S. 241.




67


https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/vol.-55-no.-l/pdfs/CleanedLukes-OperationKamen-Web.pdf.




68


https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/vol.-55-no.-l/pdfs/CleanedLukes-OperationKamen-Web.pdf.




69


Vojenske dejiny Ceskoslovenska. Dil V. Praha, 1989. S. 296.




70


Vojenske dejiny Ceskoslovenska. Dil V. Praha, 1989. S. 317.




71


. :   . ., 1988. . 49.




72


..    - . ., 1954. . 152.




73


 .  3. ., 1960. . 485.




74


. :   . ., 1988. . 65.




75


..    - . ., 1954. . 153.




76


 .  3. ., 1960. . 486.




77


. :   . ., 1988. . 81.




78


. :   . ., 1988. . 82.


