      , 18151830
  


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      , 1815  1830


 , : ,   There is but one America like ours

  (1819)


RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

Institute of World History

DMITRIY POZHARSKIY UNIVERSITY



Andrey A. Isserov

The UNITED STATES and the LATIN AMERICAN STRUGGLE for INDEPENDENCE 18151830








MOSCOW

Dmitriy Pozharskiy University

2011



The monograph is devoted to the beginnings of relations between the United States and the Latin American nations. It discusses the first formal and informal contacts, the diplomatic recognition of the Latin American independence by the United States, and political, military and merchant networks in the New World at the time of the independence movement. Based upon a wide range of published and archival sources, this research is important for understanding the formation of U.S. foreign policy principles, including the famous Monroe Doctrine, and the socio-cultural background of conflicts between two Americas.



           








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    , ,              XVIII    XIX., ,  ,    . ,    (17941845),  ,    (,   .)   (, ,  )   ,         [195 - Woodbridge W. Ch. Op. cit. P. 205.].

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,         ,           ,      ,   [197 - . : Robertson W. S. The Life of Miranda. N.Y., 1929. Vol. II. P. 246.].  ,  Columbian Centinel         - (    ),  :         ,    (blessing),   ,               ,   ,      .   ,             ,       ,      [198 - Columbian Centinel. June 11, 1817.].

       . ,  ,    ,  ,        (fair play)     [],     ,    . ,    . ,       , , ,        . ,     ,     ,    [199 -      , 13  1817. Alexander von Humboldts Correspondence with Jefferson, Madison, and Gallatin / Publ. by Helmut de Terra // American Philosophical Society. Proceedings. Vol. 103. Philadelphia, 1959. P. 794.].

  1820- .  ,    , ,     ,             ,      [200 - [Poinsett J. R.] Mexico // AQR. Vol. II. 4 (Sept. Dec. 1827). P. 353.].     ,      .      (18061876), ,       :     ,            .     ,         [201 - [Reed W. B.] Wards Mexico // AQR. Vol. IV. 7 (Sept. Dec. 1828). P. 110111.].

  ,     ,  -    , ,  (bigotry, prejudice, indolence).       ,    ,         ,               .           ,         .

  ,       ,   ,              , , ,       .      : - ,            .  ,          [202 - Encyclopaedia Britannica 4


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        []      ,         .      , ,    - :  ,           .         [204 - [Poinsett J. R.] Notes on Mexico: Made in the Autumn of 1822. L., 1824. P. 37, 161163.].

  ,               .  ,     ,     ,   ,         .         .       ,    ,        ,       ,   :            ,     .            ,   .          ,      ;      [205 - Woodbridge W. Ch. Op. cit. P. 223, 247, 273, 276279.].

 ,  ,   ,     .              .     .   ,    ,     .       -,       [206 - Ibid. . 273, 276, 247.].

   ,         .        (. 1833.),      , ,          [],         [207 - Hall F. Colombia: its present state, in respect of climate, soil, productions, population, government, commerce, revenue, manufactures, arts, literature, manners, education, and inducements to emigration Philadelphia, 1825. P. 7172.].

        ,  ,   (ease)      (     )         [208 - Brackenridge ?. M. Op. cit. Vol. II. P. 294.].

        (17741825),     ,      ,        :     (information)       [209 - LC. Jeremy Robinson Papers (Peter Force Collection). Reel 62.     13  1818.].

    -        ,        ,      [210 -      , 18  1821. MHS. Adams Family Papers. Reel 451, LXX, 219.].

    ,   .      (1819)   (17981870)           ;         [211 - Baker . The Voyage of the U.S. Schooner Nonsuch up the Orinoco: Journal of the Perry Mission // HAHR. Vol. 30. 4 (Nov. 1950). P. 484 (  16  1819.). , ,    ,   ,        Views of Colombia [letter from Carthagena, August 22, 1826] // National Intelligencer. November 2, 1826.].           [212 - Morse J. Op. cit. Vol. I. P. 772.].

  , ,          ,        [213 -      , 8  1822. Austin Papers. Vol. II. Pt. 1. P. 531.    . : Weber D. J. Myth and History of the Hispanic Southwest. Albuquerque (N.M.), 1988. P. 157.].      ,          , , ,   (labouring)  [214 - [Poinsett J. R.] Notes on Mexico: Made in the Autumn of 1822. L., 1824. P. 37, 161163.].

  ,           ,       . , ,    ,   ,        (classes of people)  , ,   []     ,      ,  [215 -      , 23  1824., 9  1825. . : United States  Latin American Relations, 18001850. The Formative Generations. P. 235.    :     , 4 , 4  1826. Harvard University. Houghton Library. Jared Sparks collection of American Manuscripts. Part II. Jared Sparks Papers. MS Sparks 153.].

        (17641854)  Packet       (vanity),   ,    [216 - New YorkPublic Library. Samuel Hill Papers.      7  1821.].

    , -,           ,       ,  -,    ,         .    ,    ,       , .     ,        ,    .    ,    ,      ?  -        ,     [217 -  :   ,  ,          ,     ,       ,          [Everett . ] America Boston, 1827. . 212225, 360.].

                      .    1776        ,         [218 - .: Wood G. Op. cit. . 91  124. ,   廠    ,     . .: Patriarca S. Indolence and Regeneration: Tropes and Tension of Risorgimento Patriotism // AHR. Vol. 110.  2 (Apr. 2005).].       ,     (17731833)    18111812. ,         ,    ,         .      ,       []      (shafts of ridicule and satyre)[219 - Shaler W. Essay IV. Notes on Manners and Society in Havana Cuba [  1811.  7 . 9  1812.]  Stagg J. . A. The Political Essays of William Shaler 11 William and Mary Quarterly. 3


 series. Vol. 59. 2 (Apr. 2002). Web supplement (http://oieahc.wm.edu/wmq/apr02/stagg.pdf).].

  ,    ,      , ,           ,          ,     .    ,      ,    ,  , ,        [220 - Brackenridge ?. . Op. cit. Vol. II. P. 294.].

   ,  ,           ,    (liberty and freedom) ,       [221 - [Idem] South America: A Letter on the present state of that country to James Monroe, President of the United States Wash., D.C., 1817. P. 1415.].       ,    , ,     ,   ,  ,    [222 - Ibid. P. 17.].

 ,      ,     .    ,    ,          . , , ,  -  (confusion)          ,          (scale)[223 - Woodbridge W. Ch. Op. cit. P. 247, 279; Morse }. Op. cit. Vol. I. P. 774, 837838, 863.].

     ,        :  ,  , ,  ,         ,          ,        [224 - Appeal to the Government and People of the United States, in behalf of the Independent South American Provinces. N.Y., 1818. P. 2.].

 National Intelligencer   ,   ,     ,        ,    (stability).

       ,    [225 - National Intellligencer. July 2, 1818 (  9  1818.).].

     ,    :       ,    ,  ;        ,         ,    .     [226 - Colombia // N.Y. Evening Post. : National Intelligencer. August 30, 1825.].

           .  ,          ,    .         ,            ,      XIX .

,            (17831853)[227 - ,        .    ,    ,   .].       ,    ,     [228 - Duane W. Op. cit. . 332, 343. .: Ibid. . 568.].                 -.       ,    : ,        ,  ,    ,         ,       ,     ; ,     ,          ,     [229 - [Bache R.] Op. cit. P. 19, 141.].

   (17871856)     ,      [230 - [Niles J. MJ Op. cit. Vol. . P. 26.].     ,     (17581844) ,          ,      ,   ,        (colours),     [231 - [Chew .] A Sketch of the Politics, Relations, and Statistics, of the Western World Philadelphia, 1827. P. 123, 125, 132136.].

,      .     ,      .        18171818.    ,        ,    ,  , ,  .             - (17911804),    ,        ,    .

      National Intelligencer   , , ,   . ,   , ,   , , ,         ,  ,       ,      -    [232 - National Intelligencer. July 24, 1817.].

    National Intelligencer ,  , ,      (    )                ,    [233 - To the Editors // National Intelligencer. March 3, 1818.]. ,    Democratic Press ,      (1788? 1821?)     -       .     ,          [234 - Democratic Press. : National Intelligencer. November 25, 1817.].

  1825.              .   - ,           .             ,      ,        ,      ,      . -  ,     ,    [235 - National Intelligencer. August 1, 1825].                          1826.[236 - Cm. c. 263264, 266]

,       ,  .    ,   ,    ,           .              ,      ,    [237 -    .: Johnson J. J. A Hemisphere Apart: The Foundations of United States Policy toward Latin America. Baltimore (Md.), 1990. P. 7073.]. , Southern Patriot ,           [238 - Southern Patriot. B: National Intelligencer. May 29, 1817.].

 Richmond Enquirer       ,      . ,         , , ,   , Niles Weekly Register.           (17901873),    ,          -  (17761850)[239 - Niles Weekly Register. Vol. 13. P. 222 (November 29, 1817); Vol. 21. P. 64, 273274 (September 21, December 29,1821). .: Ibid. Vol. 14. P. 189 (May 9,1818); Vol. 21. P.273274 (December 29, 1821); Vol. 29. P. 384 (February 11, 1826).].               [240 - Ibid. Vol. 21. P. 223 (December 1, 1821).].

          . ,      (17831862) ,             .         [][241 -     , 20 , 7  1815. LC. William Thornton Papers. Reel 2.]




  .


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   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/andrey-iserov/ssha-i-borba-latinskoy-ameriki-za-nezavisimost-1815-1830/)  .

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4


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5


Diplomatic Correspondence of the United States Concerning the Independence of Latin-American Nations / Ed. by William R. Manning. 3vols. N.Y., 1925.   : Urrutia F. /. Los Estados Unidos de America  las Naciones Hispanoamericanas de 1810 a 1830. Paginas de Historia Diplomatica. Madrid, 1918; Hanke L. Baptis Irvine's Reports on Simon Bolivar // HAHR. Vol. 16. 3 (Aug. 1936).   : Treaties and Other International Acts of the United States of America / Ed. by Hunter Miller. 8vols. Wash., D.C., 19311948. Vol. 23.




6


Bosch Garcia C. Documentos de la relacion de Mexico con los Estados Unidos. 2vols. Mexico, 1983. Vol. I. El mester politico de Poinsett (Noviembre de 1824  diciembre de 1829).




7


Once anos en Buenos Aires, 18201831. Las cronicas diplomaticas de John Murray Forbes / Compiladas, traduicidas  anotadas por Felipe A. Espil. Buenos Aires, 1956.




8


MHS. Adams Family Papers.




9


HSP. Joel Roberts Poinsett Papers; HSP. Joel Roberts Poinsett Papers, Henry Gilpin Collection; LC. Joel Roberts Poinsett Papers.




10


MHS. Correspondence of Alexander H. Everett; Everett-Noble Papers; Everett-Peabody Papers.




11


National Archives. Department of State, RG 43, Records of United States Participation in International Conferences, Commissions, and Expositions. Records Relating to the First Panama Conference, 18251827; Department of State, RG 59, M 37, Domestic Letters of the Department of State, 17841906; Miscellaneous Letters of the Department of State.




12


Britain and the Independence of Latin America, 18121830 / Ed. by Charles K. Webster. 2vols. Oxford, 1938.




13


Some Original Documents on the Genesis of the Monroe Doctrine / Publ. by Worthington Ch. Ford // MHS. Proceedings. 2


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14


Harvard University. Houghton Library. Tudor Papers; Tudor Papers, Additional; Harvard Business School. Baker Library. Tudor Family Papers; Boston Athenaeum. William Tudor Papers; MHS. William Tudor letters, 18241828; . E. French Collection of Autographs.




15


LC. Peter Force Collection  Jeremy Robinson Papers.




16


MHS. Adams Family Papers.




17


Memoirs of John Quincy Adams, Comprising Portions of His Diary from 1795 to 1848 / Ed. by Charles F. Adams. 12 vols. Philadelphia, 18741877; MHS. Adams Family Papers. Reels 4  48.          ,   Adams Family Papers Project  1981.    ,      .   2006.    on-line: www.masshist.org/jqadiaries.               ,       50 .




18


The Writings of John Quincy Adams / Ed. by Worthington Ch. Ford. 7vols. N.Y., 19131917.




19


The Writings of James Monroe / Ed. by Stanislaus Murray Hamilton. 7vols. N.Y., 18981903; LC. James Monroe Papers; New York Public Library. James Monroe Papers.




20


The Papers of Henry Clay / Ed. by James F. Hopkins, Mary W. M. Hargreaves, et al. 11 vols. Lexington (Ky.), 19591992. Vol. 17.




21


The Writings of Thomas Jefferson / Ed. by Albert Ellery Bergh. 20 vols. Wash., D.C., 1905.




22


The Writings of James Madison / Ed. by Gaillard Hunt. 9vols. N.Y., 19001910. Vol. VIIIIX.




23


The Writings of Albert Gallatin / Ed. by Henry Adams. 3vols. Philadelphia, 1879. Vol. II.




24


The Papers of Andrew Jackson / Ed. by Harold D. Moser, David R. Roth, et al. 6vols. to date. Knoxville (Tn.), 19802002. Vol. Ill  V.




25


The Papers of Daniel Webster / Charles M. Wiltse, Editor, Alan R. Berolzheimer, Ass. Editor. 15 vols. Hanover (N.H.), 19741989.




26


The Papers of John C. Calhoun / Ed. by W. Edwin Hemphill, et al. 28 vols., Columbia (S.C.), 19592003. Vol. 1-11.




27


The Austin Papers / Ed. by Eugene C. Barker. 2vols. Wash., D.C., 19241928.




28


Archivo del General Miranda / Dirig. revisada por Vicente Davila. 24 tomos. Caracas, 19291950. (tomos 1624, La Habana); Lemoine Villicana E. Morelos, su vida revolucionaria a traves de sus escritos  de otros testimonies de la epoca. Mexico, 1965; Bolivar S. Cartas de Libertador / Ed. Vicente Lecuna. 10 tomos. Caracas, 1929; Idem. Obras Completas / Comp,  notas de Vicente Lecuna. 3tomos. La Habana, 1950; Hanke L. Simon Bolivar and Neutral Rights // HAHR. Vol. 21. 2 (May 1941).            :  .  : , , , , 18121830 / . . . . . . . ., 1983.




29


Register of Debates in Congress 29 vols. Wash., D.C., 18251837.




30


The Debates and Proceedings in the Congress of the United States (  Annals of Congress). 42 vols. Wash., D.C., 18341856.




31


 . :  . ., 1993. . 396, 397.




32


Griffin Ch. . The United States and the Disruption of the Spanish Empire, 18101822. N.Y., 1937. P. 132.




33


A Compilation of the Messages and Papers of the Presidents, 17891897 / Published by Authority of Congress by James D. Richardson, a Representative from the State of Tennessee. Wash., D.C., 1896. Vol. II.




34


MJQA. Vol. III. P. 372 (  2  1816.).




35


.: Emery J. The Press and America: an Interpretative History of Journalism. 2


 ed. Englewood Cliffs (N.J.), 1962. P. 173187; John R. Spreading the News: the American Postal System from Franklin to Morse. Cambridge (Ma.), 1995.  1810.        4,1    ,  1828.  6,3  Brooke J. L.  be Read by the Whole People: Press, Party, and Public Sphere in the United States, 17891840 // Proceedings of the AAS. Vol. 110. Pt. 1. Worcester (Ma.), 2002. P. 62.




36


Niles Weekly Register. Vol. 10 (Mar. Sept. 1816). ,       ,   ,         .




37


.: Phillips . . William Duane, Radical Journalist in the Age of Jefferson. N.Y., 1989. Esp. p. 509510.




38


            ( 18181829.  )    1830- .     1828.    (17611845).




39


 ,  13  (   )  .     volunteer toasts,      .




40


Harvard University. Houghton Library. Jared Sparks collection of American Manuscripts. Part II. Jared Sparks Papers.    : The Life and Writings of Jared Sparks: Comprising Selections from His Journals and Correspondence / Ed. by Herbert B. Adams. 2vols. Boston, 1893.




41


Library of Congress. Caleb Cushing Papers. Boxes 17, 201, 211.




42


Cushing W. Index to the North American Review, Volumes I. CXXV. 18161877. Cambridge (Ma.), 1878.




43


[Brackenridge ?. .] South America: A Letter on the present state of that country to James Monroe, President of the United States, by an American. Wash., D.C., 1817.            Pamphleteer            Brackenridge ? . Recollections of Persons and Places in the West. 2


 ed., enlarged. Philadelphia, 1868. P. 286288.




44


Robinson W. D. A Cursory View of Spanish America, particularly the neighbouring vice-royalties of Mexico and New Grenada, chiefly intended to elucidate the policy of an early connection between the United States and those countries. Georgetown, D.C., 1815.     The United States in Latin America: A Historical Dictionary (Westport (Ct.), 1992)     (1822),    (  )     1823.   1824.   ,   National Intelligencer.               Duane W. A Visit to Colombia, in the Years 1822 & 1823, by Laguayra and Caracas, over the Cordillera to Bogota, and thence by the Magdalena to Carthagena. Philadelphia, 1826. P. 622; National Intelligencer, August 31, 1824. 9 1824.                The Diary and Journal of Richard Clough Anderson, Jr., 18141826 / Ed. by Alfred Tischendorf, E. Taylor Parks. Durham (N.C.), 1964. P. 148.




45


Appeal to the Government and People of the United States, in behalf of the Independent South American Provinces. N.Y., 1818.      .




46


[Yard /.] Spanish America and the United States; or, Views of the Actual Commerce of the United States with the Spanish colonies: and of the effects of a war with Spain on that commerce Philadelphia, 1818      ,    Colon     (Grubb) .: Catalogue of the Library of the American Philosophical Society Philadelphia, 1824. P 184. 718; Colon M. L. Impresos en Espanol Publicados en Filadelfia Durante Los Anos 1800 a 1835. Catholic University of America, 1951. 41; Whitaker A. P. The United States and the Independence of Latin America, 18001830. Baltimore (Md.), 1941. P. 128n.




47


Irvine B. Commerce of Southern America; Its Importance to Us Philadelphia, [1822]; Duane W. The Two Americas, Great Britain, and the Holy Alliance, Wash., D.C., 1824.




48


Thornton W. Outlines of a Constitution for United North and South Columbia. Wash., D.C., 1815; [Chew B.] A Sketch of the Politics, Relations, and Statistics, of the Western World, and of those Characteristics of European Policy which most immediately affect its interests: intended to demonstrate the necessity of a Grand American Confederation and Alliance. Philadelphia, 1827; [Idem.] Mutius Scaevola. [On the American Confederation] // Democratic Press. March 18, 1825.           .




49


[Everett . .] Europe: or a general survey of the present situation of the principal powers; with conjectures on their future prospects. Boston, 1822; [Idem.] America: or a general survey of the Political Situation of the several powers of the Western Continent, with conjectures of their future prospects. Boston, 1827 (. . Northampton (Ma.), 1828).




50


Onis L., de. Memoir Upon the Negotiations between Spain and the United States of America, which Led to the Treaty of 1819 Baltimore (Md.), 1821 (. . Madrid, 1820).




51


Poinsett J. R. An Exposition of the policy of the United States towards the new Republics of America 11 National Intelligencer, September 5, 1827; DCLA. Vol. III. P. 16631668; Harrison B. Remarks of General Harrison, Late Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States To the Republic of Colombia, on certain charges made against him by that government Wash., D.C., 1830.




52


[Gongalves da Cruz A.] Reply to the Author of the Letter on South America and Mexico, by an American Philadelphia, 1817; [Monteagudo B.] An Essay on the Necessity of a General Confederation among the Spanish American States, and A Plan for its Organization. Lima, 1825; [Palacio Fajardo M.] Outline of Revolutions in Spanish America; or An Account of the Origin, Progress, and Actual State of the War Carried on between Spain and Spanish America; containing the Principal Facts which have Marked the Struggle. L., 1817; Pazos [Kanki] V. The Exposition, Remonstrance and Protest of Don Vincente Pazos, Commissioner on Behalf of the Republican Agents established at Amelia Island, in Florida, under the Authority and in behalf of the Independent States of South America. Philadelphia, 1818; Idem. Letters on the United Provinces of South America Addressed to the Hon. Henry Clay, Speaker of the House of Representatives of the U. States. N.Y., 1819; Torres M. An Exposition of the Commerce of Spanish America; with some observations upon its importance to the United States. Philadelphia, 1816.




53


Irvine B. Cursory Notes on Venezuela. Baltimore, September 1819  National Archives. RG 59, M 37, roll 4.




54


Brackenridge ?. M. Voyage to South America, performed by order of the American Government in the Years 1817 and 1818, in the frigate Congress. 2vols. Baltimore (Md.), 1819.




55


Reise nach Siidamerika. Leipzig, 1821. Bd. 12; Voyage to Buenos Ayres: performed in the years 1817 and 1818, by order of the American government. L., 1820.  ,  ,   : La independencia argentina: viaje a America del Sud por orden del gobierno americano en los anos 1817  1818 en la fragata Congress / prologo  traduccion de Carlos A. Aldao. Buenos Aires, 1999.




56


[Poinsett J. R.] Notes on Mexico: Made in the Autumn of 1822. Philadelphia, 1824 (L., 1825).




57


Robinson W. D. Memoirs of the Mexican Revolution: including a Narrative of the Expedition of General Xavier Mina Philadelphia, 1820.    .: Williford ?. Jeremy Bentham on Spanish America: an Account of his Letters and Proposals to the New World. Baton Rouge (La.), 1980.




58


Duane W. A Visit to Colombia, in the Years 1822 & 1823.




59


Cleveland R. C. A Narrative of Voyages and Commercial Enterprises. Cambridge (Ma.), 1842; [Coffin I. F.] Journal of a Residence in Chili. By a Young American, detained in that country, during the revolutionary scenes of 1817  1819. Boston, 1823; Johnston S. B. Letters Written During a Residence of Three Years in Chili, containing an account of the most remarkable events in the revolutionary struggles of that province Erie (Pa), 1816; [Fracker G.] A Voyage to South America, with an Account of a Shipwreck in the River la Plata, in the Year 1817. Boston, 1826.              .




60


Hill . Recollections of an Octogenarian. Boston, 1884; Idem. Reminiscences of Dr. George Edwards of Coquimbo, Chili, South America. Weymouth (Ma.), 1890.




61


[Bradley .] A voyage from the United States to South America, performed during the Years 1821, 1822, & 1823 Newburyport, 1823 (2 eds.; 5


 ed. Chili and Peru in 1824. Boston, 1824).   Sabin (12215, 12749, 100814)            , Shoemaker    .   ,    ,     Forster . The South Sea Whaler. Sharon (Ma.), 1985. 10.          ,    . 38          .




62


   -: Niles Weekly Register. Vol. 14. P. 261263, 288289 (June 13, 20, 1818)  : National Intelligencer, June 25, 27, 1818. Vol. 15. P. 188190, 202205 (November 14, 21, 1818).       : National Intelligencer. June 1, 1820.




63


 : Hall . Extracts from a Journal, written on the coasts of Chili, Peru, and Mexico, in the years 1820, 1821, 1822. 2vols. 3


 ed. Edinburgh, 1824; Hall F. Colombia: its present state, in respect of climate, soil, productions, population, government, commerce, revenue, manufactures, arts, literature, manners, education, and inducements to emigration Philadelphia, 1825; Narrative of a Voyage to the Spanish Main, in the ship

Two friends; L., 1819.




64


: Once anos en Buenos Aires, 18201831. Las cronicas diplomaticas de John Murray Forbes




65


LC. Peter Force Collection  Jeremy Robinson Papers. Reel 62.




66


Tayloe E. T. Mexico, 18251828: the Journal and Correspondence of Edward Thornton Tayloe / Ed. by C. Harvey Gardiner. Chapel Hill (N.C.), 1959.




67


New York Public Library. Samuel Hill Papers.




68


New-York Historical Society. Diary of a trip from Vera Cruz to the City of Mexico, 1815, taken by Josiah Smith; [Idem]. Diary of a trip from the City of Mexico to Tampico, 1816.




69


Harvard University Houghton Library. Documents and letters by C. A. Rodney and others Relating to Argentina, 18181824.      -    (18831962)          ,  ,  1919.      .        (Pine),         1955.     .            (Falsey).




70


MdHS. Furlong Baldwin Library Bland Papers. Case  (Box 5).




71


Benton, Th. H. Thirty Years View; or, A History of the Working of the American Government for Thirty Years, From 1820 to 1850. 2vols. N.Y, 1854.




72


Sargent N. Public Men and Events from the Commencement of Mr. Monroes Administration, in 1817, to the Close of Mr. Fillmores Administration, in 1853. 2vols. Philadelphia, 1875.




73


Miller W. Memoirs of General Miller, in the Service of the Republic of Peru. By John Miller. 2vols. L., 1828.




74


Ducoudray Holstein H. L. V. Memoirs of Simon Bolivar, President Liberator of the Republic of Colombia 2 vols. L., 1830 ( . Boston, 1829, 1830).




75


Worcester J. A Geographical Dictionary, or Universal Gazetteer, Ancient and Modern. 2vols. 2


 ed. Boston, 1823; Edinburgh Gazetteer, or Geographical Dictionnary. 6vols. Edinburgh, 1822.




76


Morse J. The American Universal Geography 2 vols. 7


 ed. Charlestown (Ma.), 1819; Woodbridge W. Ch. A System of Universal Geography on the principles of Comparison and Classification Hartford (Ct.), 1824; Adams D. Geography; or, A Description of the World. 5


 ed. Boston, 1820; etc.




77


[Niles J. M.] View of South America and Mexico, Comprising Their History the Political Condition, Geography, Agriculture, Commerce, &c. of the Republics of Mexico, Guatemala. Colombia, Peru, the United Provinces of South America and Chili; with a Complete History of the Revolution, In Each of these Independent States. 2vols in one. N.Y., 1826.




78


Lyman T., Jr. The Diplomacy of the United States. Being an Account of the Foreign Relations of the Country, from the first treaty with France, in 1778, to the present time. 2


 ed. 2vols. Boston, 1828.




79


Perkins S. Historical Sketches of the United States, from Peace of 1815 to 1830. N.Y., 1830.




80


Latani J. . The United States and Latin America. Baltimore (Md.), 1900; Paxson F. L. The Independence of the South-American Republics: A Study in Recognition and Foreign Policy. Philadelphia, 1903.




81


       XX        (Christian Science)   :      ,      .                New York Times.




82


Perkins D. The Monroe Doctrine, 18231826. Cambridge (Ma.), 1928; Idem. The Monroe Doctrine, 18261867. Baltimore (Md.), 1933; Idem. The Monroe Doctrine, 18671907. Baltimore (Md.), 1937.      : Idem. Hands off, A History of the Monroe Doctrine. Boston, 1941 ( . .).

.: Idem. Europe and Spanish America, and the Monroe Doctrine // AHR. Vol. 27. 2 (Jan. 1922); Idem. Russia and the Spanish Colonies, 18171818 I I AHR. Vol. 28. 4 (July 1923).




83


Perkins D. The Yield of the Years. Boston, 1969. P. 117.




84


     (Roosevelt Corollary, 1904)        .                 LaFeber W. The Evolution of the Monroe Doctrine from Monroe to Reagan // Redefining the Past: Essays in Diplomatic History in Honor of William Appleman Williams. Corvallis (Ore.), 1986.




85


Robertson W. S. The Monroe Doctrine Abroad in 18231824 // American Political Science Review. Vol. 6. (Nov. 1912); Idem. South America and the Monroe Doctrine, 18241828 // Political Science Quarterly. Vol. 30. 1 (Mar. 1915). .: Robertson W. S. Hispanic-American Relations with the United States. N.Y., 1923; Idem. Russia and the Emancipation of Spanish America // HAHR. Vol. 21. 2 (May 1941); Idem. The Recognition of the Hispanic American Nations by the United States // HAHR. Vol. 1. 3 (Aug. 1918); Idem. The Recognition of the Spanish Colonies by the Motherland // HAHR. Vol. 1. 1 (Feb. 1918); Idem. The United States and Spain in 1822 // AHR. Vol. 20. 4 (July 1915).




86


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87


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137


Johnson J. J. A Hemisphere Apart: The Foundations of United States Policy toward Latin America. Baltimore (Md.), 1990.




138


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McCoy D. R. The Elusive Republic: Political Economy in Jeffersonian America. Chapel Hill (N.C.), 1980.




140


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141


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144


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146


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147


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148


Depons F. R. J. A Voyage to the Eastern Part of Terra Firma, or the Spanish Main, in South America, During the Years 1801, 1802, 1803, and 1804 / Transl. by Washington Irving. 3vols. N.Y., 1806; Humboldt A., von. Political Essay on the Kingdom of New Spain / Transl. by J. Black. 2vols. N.Y., 1811.




149


Robertson W. The History of America. 2vols. Philadelphia, 1812 (1


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150


Cm.: Gibson Ch. The Black Legend: Anti-Spanish Attitudes in the Old World and the New. N.Y, 1971.




151


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152


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153


Powell Ph. W. Tree of Hate: Propaganda and Prejudices Affecting United States Relationships with the Hispanic World. N.Y., 1971. P. 10, 93  112. . .: Paquette G. The Image of Imperial Spain in British Political Thought, 17501800 // Bulletin of Spanish Studies. Vol. LXXXI. 2 (2004). Esp. p. 196.




154


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155


Freneau Ph. The Rising Glory of America (1786) // Gibson Ch. Op. cit. P. 151154.




156


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157


[Tudor W] Gebel Teir. Boston, 1829. P. 51.




158


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159


Washington. South America // National Intelligencer. December 27, 1817.




160


Motion and Speech on Recognition of the Independent Provinces of the River Plata, March 2425, 1818 // PHC. Vol. 2. P.520522.




161


Speech on Adams  De Onis Treaty, April 3,1820 // PHC. Vol. 2. P. 814. ,                 9 .




162


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163


Woodbridge W. Ch. A System of Universal Geography, on the principles of Comparison and Classification Hartford (Ct.), 1824. P. 208.




164


Niles Weekly Register. Vol. 12. P. 184 (May 17, 1817); Vol. 25. P. 210 (December 6, 1823).




165


Johnston S. B. Letters Written During a Residence of Three Years in Chili, containing an account of the most remarkable events in the revolutionary struggles of that province Erie (Pa.), 1816. P. 44, 200201.




166


[Bradley H.] A voyage from the United States to South America, performed during the Years 1821, 1822, & 1823 Newburyport (Ma.), 1823. P. 41.     -.




167


[Bache R.] Notes on Colombia, Taken in the Years 1822  3 Philadelphia, 1827. P. 9596, 235.




168


Ibid. P. 100, 235.




169


Ibid. P. 157, 209, 217219, 246.




170


Cleveland R. J. A Narrative of Voyages and Commercial Enterprises. Cambridge (Ma.), 1842. Vol. I. P.185186.




171


Op. cit. Vol. II. P. 180, 199200.




172


Op. cit. Vol. I. P.219223.




173


Niles Weekly Register. Vol. 29. P. 39 (September 17, 1825).




174


Ibid. Vol. 31. P. 136 (October 28, 1826). Cp.     (  ), ,    : National Intelligencer, October 19, 1826 ( Norfolk Herald).




175


Niles Weekly Register. Vol. 8. P. 293294 (June 24, 1815); National Intelligencer. June 27, 1815.




176


Morse J. Op. cit. Vol. I. P. 689 ( ); Duane W. A Visit to Colombia, in the Years 1822 & 1823, by Laguayra and Caracas, over the Cordillera to Bogota, and thence by the Magdalena to Carthagena. Philadelphia, 1826. P. 77 ( ), 489490 ( ).




177


National Intelligencer. May 10, 1817 ( -), November 7, 1818 ( ); December 7, 1822 ( ); October 19, 1826 ( ).




178


[Bache R.]. Op. cit. P. 4344. . .: [Fracker G.] A Voyage to South America, with an Account of a Shipwreck in the River la Plata, in the Year 1817. Boston, 1826. P. 123.




179


    , 2  1824. Boston Athenaeum. Papers of Commodore Isaac Hull. Box 1. Folder 7.




180


Niles Weekly Register. Vol. 29. P. 260 (December 24,1825); Vol. 31. P. 136 (October 28,1826).




181


Ibid. Vol. 29. P. 102 (October 15, 1825).




182


[Niles J. M] Op. cit. Vol. I. P. 128. Vol. II. P. 179; National Intelligencer, March 27, 1827.




183


    , 2  1826. HSP. Joel R. Poinsett Papers. Vol. 3. Folder 11.




184


Niles Weerly Register. Vol. 28. P. 336 (July 23, 1825).




185


     , 29 , 26  1824. . : United States  Latin American Relations, 18001850. The Formative Generations / Ed. by T. Ray Shurbutt. Tuscaloosa (AL), 1991. P. 236.




186


    , 20 , 13  1823. The Austin Papers / Ed. by Eugene C. Barker. Wash., D.C., 19241928. Vol. II. Pt. 1. P. 645, 671.




187


      , 8  1826. Mexico, 18251828: the Journal and Correspondence of Edward Thornton Tayloe / Ed. by C. Harvey Gardiner. Chapel Hill (N.C.), 1959. P. 114.          :     , 15  1826.-Op. cit. . 112.




188


Brackenridge ?. . Voyage to South America performed by order of the American Government in the Years 1817 and 1818, in the frigate Congress. Baltimore (Md.), 1819. Vol. II. P. 42, 301.        -  1818.




189


Duane W. Op. cit. . 8792, 484487 ( ); 8081, 419, 423424, 546 ( ).           . . : Fracker G. Op. cit. . 96.




190


Duane W. Op. cit. P. 447, 435437.




191


Irvine B. Commerce of Southern America; Its Importance to Us, with some Remarks on a Canal at Darien and Other Cognate Subjects. Philadelphia, [1822]. P. 68.




192


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193


Romani R. National Character and Public Spirit in Britain and France, 17501914. Cambridge, 2002. P. 3.




194


Cm.: Op. cit. P.165171.




195


Woodbridge W. Ch. Op. cit. P. 205.




196


Romani R. Op. cit. . 159200.




197


. : Robertson W. S. The Life of Miranda. N.Y., 1929. Vol. II. P. 246.




198


Columbian Centinel. June 11, 1817.




199


     , 13  1817. Alexander von Humboldts Correspondence with Jefferson, Madison, and Gallatin / Publ. by Helmut de Terra // American Philosophical Society. Proceedings. Vol. 103. Philadelphia, 1959. P. 794.




200


[Poinsett J. R.] Mexico // AQR. Vol. II. 4 (Sept. Dec. 1827). P. 353.




201


[Reed W. B.] Wards Mexico // AQR. Vol. IV. 7 (Sept. Dec. 1828). P. 110111.




202


Encyclopaedia Britannica 4


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203


Rees A. The Cyclopaedia; or, Universal Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Literature. Philadelphia, 18101824. Vol. XXIV. Spain.




204


[Poinsett J. R.] Notes on Mexico: Made in the Autumn of 1822. L., 1824. P. 37, 161163.




205


Woodbridge W. Ch. Op. cit. P. 223, 247, 273, 276279.




206


Ibid. . 273, 276, 247.




207


Hall F. Colombia: its present state, in respect of climate, soil, productions, population, government, commerce, revenue, manufactures, arts, literature, manners, education, and inducements to emigration Philadelphia, 1825. P. 7172.




208


Brackenridge ?. M. Op. cit. Vol. II. P. 294.




209


LC. Jeremy Robinson Papers (Peter Force Collection). Reel 62.     13  1818.




210


     , 18  1821. MHS. Adams Family Papers. Reel 451, LXX, 219.




211


Baker . The Voyage of the U.S. Schooner Nonsuch up the Orinoco: Journal of the Perry Mission // HAHR. Vol. 30. 4 (Nov. 1950). P. 484 (  16  1819.). , ,    ,   ,        Views of Colombia [letter from Carthagena, August 22, 1826] // National Intelligencer. November 2, 1826.




212


Morse J. Op. cit. Vol. I. P. 772.




213


     , 8  1822. Austin Papers. Vol. II. Pt. 1. P. 531.    . : Weber D. J. Myth and History of the Hispanic Southwest. Albuquerque (N.M.), 1988. P. 157.




214


[Poinsett J. R.] Notes on Mexico: Made in the Autumn of 1822. L., 1824. P. 37, 161163.




215


     , 23  1824., 9  1825. . : United States  Latin American Relations, 18001850. The Formative Generations. P. 235.    :     , 4 , 4  1826. Harvard University. Houghton Library. Jared Sparks collection of American Manuscripts. Part II. Jared Sparks Papers. MS Sparks 153.




216


New YorkPublic Library. Samuel Hill Papers.      7  1821.




217


 :   ,  ,          ,     ,       ,          [Everett . ] America Boston, 1827. . 212225, 360.




218


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219


Shaler W. Essay IV. Notes on Manners and Society in Havana Cuba [  1811.  7 . 9  1812.]  Stagg J. . A. The Political Essays of William Shaler 11 William and Mary Quarterly. 3


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220


Brackenridge ?. . Op. cit. Vol. II. P. 294.




221


[Idem] South America: A Letter on the present state of that country to James Monroe, President of the United States Wash., D.C., 1817. P. 1415.




222


Ibid. P. 17.




223


Woodbridge W. Ch. Op. cit. P. 247, 279; Morse }. Op. cit. Vol. I. P. 774, 837838, 863.




224


Appeal to the Government and People of the United States, in behalf of the Independent South American Provinces. N.Y., 1818. P. 2.




225


National Intellligencer. July 2, 1818 (  9  1818.).




226


Colombia // N.Y. Evening Post. : National Intelligencer. August 30, 1825.




227


,        .    ,    ,   .




228


Duane W. Op. cit. . 332, 343. .: Ibid. . 568.




229


[Bache R.] Op. cit. P. 19, 141.




230


[Niles J. MJ Op. cit. Vol. . P. 26.




231


[Chew .] A Sketch of the Politics, Relations, and Statistics, of the Western World Philadelphia, 1827. P. 123, 125, 132136.




232


National Intelligencer. July 24, 1817.




233


To the Editors // National Intelligencer. March 3, 1818.




234


Democratic Press. : National Intelligencer. November 25, 1817.




235


National Intelligencer. August 1, 1825




236


Cm. c. 263264, 266




237


   .: Johnson J. J. A Hemisphere Apart: The Foundations of United States Policy toward Latin America. Baltimore (Md.), 1990. P. 7073.




238


Southern Patriot. B: National Intelligencer. May 29, 1817.




239


Niles Weekly Register. Vol. 13. P. 222 (November 29, 1817); Vol. 21. P. 64, 273274 (September 21, December 29,1821). .: Ibid. Vol. 14. P. 189 (May 9,1818); Vol. 21. P.273274 (December 29, 1821); Vol. 29. P. 384 (February 11, 1826).




240


Ibid. Vol. 21. P. 223 (December 1, 1821).




241


    , 20 , 7  1815. LC. William Thornton Papers. Reel 2.


