  .  . 19171928 .  II
  


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      , 2011




 1.   :  . 19171920 


31 1917      [1 -        . Cumberland . . Mexican Revolution. The Constitutionalist years. Austin, 1972. P.320361.]                 .  3     蠖      .   130        ,   . 27-       蠖    ,           ,     ,       .  ,                 .  123        ,                   .

 ,  1910-1917    .    1917     - ,               ,          .     ,   - . , ,      ,  27,    :   ,     ,   ,        ,  ( )               ,    ..[2 -  : . , ..,   1910-1917.  . .,1958. . 285.]          ,     [3 -   . Krause. E. Mexico. Biography of Power. History of modern Mexico 1810-1996. New York. 1997.].






  ,      1917 



      ,                 1915      . -,    ,       :   ,       . -,    ,         .  ,         ()        .         ( , , ),       - .    ,  ,             .        ,        ,       .

,  ,        70%           .  ,   ,       :          ,    ,          .         堖     ,     ,  .






    , 1917 



             .     .     1917    ,         19131914 .          1915          ,   .       ,   .             -        ,      .      ,   ,         .     ,     ,         .[4 -      ,     .        10 ,       .]

            ,   (  ).                  .       ,            .       ,   ,       .         ,  ,          1917 .          .    ,        ,         .






 



,    ,       ,     ࠖ [5 - McLynn F. Villa and Zapata. A history of the Mexican Revolution. New York, 2000. P.347349.]  (    ,       )     ,       -,      .                   . ,      ,           .          ,     .    ,            ,   .   ,       ,      ,  :     .  ,   .     ,  ,    ,       (  ࠖ . )   ,             [6 - Koth K. Waking the dictator. Veracruz, the struggle for Federalism and the Mexican Revolution 1870-1927. University of Calgary Press, 2002. P. 220.].

 ,           . , , ,    ,    ,       .

          .             (   1910 )            .             . ,  ,  ,        ,     .          ,       .                  ,                .

         , ,  ࠖ  [7 -   (     ) . Hall L. B. Alvaro Obregon. Power and Revolution in Mexico 1910-1920. College Station, 1981.]   .   -      ,              1915 .       ,               .    ,           - .        1915 ,    , ,   ,            .






  



      ,         -    ,   . ,    ,           ,        .                 ,        .             .          ,               .   , , ,         .

 ,   ,        . 11  1917                      .  ,  197    213  (       14,5  ).[8 - Womack J. The Mexican Revolution // Mexico since Independence. London, Cambridge University Press, 1991. P. 178.]       ,             ,     .

,     1910 ,      .  3            ,  ,    ,     .         -              ࠖ  50    .              ,     ,          ,   -.

    .           ,      .     - ,          .           ,       ,    .           ,  ,    ,  . 15  1917 ,        , ,        ,  .          :       ࠖ ,            .[9 - Cumberland . . Mexican Revolution. The Constitutionalist years. Austin, 1972. P. 363.]

,        .     1  1917               ,   .        ࠖ        .            .

       ,       ,            ,      .    ,  , ,               .         ,     蠖     ,        .[10 -       23  1889     1910-1911      .               ,   ,   ,     .          ,     .  1914-1916    ,     1916       1918-      .    -    .]         :            ,             .  ,             1914 ,           .   ,        ,          .

           1917   19   14     .         ,   ,          .        .        ,   ,  .[11 -   . Krause E. Plutarco E. Calles. Reformar desde Origen. Mexico, 1987.]

         ,        .    , ,      ,   -   1915 ,       .      .       ,               .  ,                    19131914 .           ,          - .

             .    1917         ,        .              ,              . (  ,   -          ໠     .)           .  ,     ,   1917          .

,         ,    ,       ,     .

        . ,       19101917        ,       19171920 .   ,  ,      .    ,      (    ),          .       ()             .                   .             ,      .

  1917     ,     ,     ,  .         ,      .               - :    ,       ;        (,  ,  ,   ,       ,     );         27  1917      頖          .

,   ,       ,  ,  .          ,         .            렖    ,       .

      ,   ,          .         ,   .      ,   ,     .       1907-1909      ,      . ,     1910-     .

  1917    ,    ,       .       16,5  ,   10     .[12 - Womack J. The Mexican Revolution // Mexico since Independence. London, Cambridge University Press, 1991. P. 178.]      120   (      80 ,         ). ,   ,         ,     .

        11  .        ,                .              ,    .      .  ,                   .[13 - Meyer M. Huerta. A polical portrait. Lincoln, Universtity of Nebraska Press, 1972. P.178190.]

           ,            ,           .  ,   ,         .        ,                ,      .

             ࠖ   ,         .               .              ,            ,    .

      ,   ,      ,    .

 1916          .[14 - Tobler H. W. Die mexikanische Revolution. Frankfurt am Main, 1984. S. 336.]   ,   ,             ,                  1916 .               .        ,        ,         .

          1917 .   ,              ,     .      ,         .   ,      ,       .          ,              .

19  1917           ,            ,      .      ,        ( ,   -),        18461848 ,         .       .   ,           .       ,     .[15 -      :   .       1  1917    ,           (?)    .          (?)     ()     , .              .    ,   67893     .              ,   ,       .]     ,    ,     28  1917 .






 



    :    1    . ,   ,   .    ,      .   .   .          ,         , -, .      .        ,         ,        ( )       . ,    ,                 .  . 

       .          㠖              .               . 14  1917      .

          (             ),             .

   ,         ,    ,  .    1917               ,       .

26               (       ,          ).   ,    ,             . ,      ,  , ,   .    5         ,      ,    -    .      ,        .[16 - Haley P. E. Revolution and Intervention: The Diplomacy of Taf and Wilson with Mexico, 1910-1917. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1970. P.250251.]

   ,  ,  . 20    -         .            .[17 - Haley P. E. Revolution and Intervention: The Diplomacy of Taf and Wilson with Mexico, 1910-1917. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1970. P. 251.] 26       -     .         ,   ,        .

  ,           , ,    ,             1917 .           .

              .   1917           .                    .      .           ,   .    .

         ,    1917          .        10%    .     ,         .           .

      10  1917 ,          .       .          , ,  ,          ,  .[18 - Haley P. E. Revolution and Intervention: The Diplomacy of Taf and Wilson with Mexico, 1910-1917. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1970. P. 255.] ,       ,        .

        ,      15  1917          ,     .            .   1917        ,     5 ,         .[19 - Shafer R. J., Mabry D. J. Neighbors Mexico and the United States: Wetbacks and Oil. Chicago, Nelson-Hall, 1981. P.2831.] 19  1918    ,                ,     ,       .[20 - Tobler H. W. Die mexikanische Revolution. Frankfurt am Main, 1984. S. 338.]                   .              .

                   .            .           .

   ,      , ,  ,           .        1917      .                        (       ).

                        70         .    ,          .                  .

 1917       ,               . 8 1917           ,        .   ,      렖    .

                 .       .   1917                 (  ,        ).          ,     .          (      ,  )          . 23         250  ,   100         .  -     젖                      .

             .                 ࠖ ,        .    1917         ,    27             .    -              .

,     . 20  1917     ,       . 31       -,                .                 ,   .

     .         -  .   -     .   ,        ,        ,         ,    .      ,            .         .  ,          ,  ,         . 1 1917      -,       ,    ,    .











     , 1920 



           -         .        ,             .                .

    1917 ,     ,               70  ,    .

                   .       .              ,       .                  ,             . ,        ,         (         ,       ).

       ,            .     .       ,          ,        . 17-25  1917         .[21 - Womack J. The Mexican Revolution // Mexico since Independence. London, Cambridge University Press, 1991. P. 181.]        , , ,            .

,              .     ,  ,   ,    .     ,      ,        . ,       ,       .      3  ,     .

1  1918       -        -      .   ,     ,        1920 . 12  1918 ,       ,      ,     .         ,   -,      ࠖ   .

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    .         ,                 .        ,      : 5 .        .

       .             . 2 1918     ,                 .      - .

          .  ,    -  .          ,   20 . 15  1918    ,  31         .  ,                  .

 8  1918  (      )     ,         .    .       .     . 14                                27 .

         ,            .      ,         .       :    ,        .

        1917          .  1916   5              30         .[22 - Womack J. Zapata and the Mexican Revolution. New York, 1968. P. 253.]   ,   ,        ,          .   1916         ,          . ,            .          .       .       ,      ,     ,        ,        .         ,         .

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        31  1917    .  ,   ,        ,         .       :   ,          ?        .             ,      ,  -젖       .       .

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                .  ,       ,        1917        ,    ,              ,          .          ,            .       1915        ,        .

      .          蠖 .[23 - Womack J. Zapata and the Mexican Revolution. New York, 1968. P. 288.]            .        .   , ,           .     ,      ,     ,   .    ,    .            ,     .                         . ,            .       ,      .






 



      1917    ,        .       , ,   ,     .  ,      ,    ,      (  , )    .                  .

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  1918      㠖         .        ,            .            .      .

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24  1918                     .    㠖        ,  ,  , ,          .  ,   ,      .       ,           ,    .         ꠖ .

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25  1918           .            .    ,        ,  :        .           ,     ,     .

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              .   1915 ,          ,       .      ,                         .    ,       蠖 ,        .

     蠖 ,    .        .      -       8  50   ,   -     17.50.         ,        .     ,          19141915          .

              . -,     . -,       ,         .          ,      .    1917       ,      ,    :   ?            ,        .     .

        (     ).       .        ,      ,        ,     .

    ,   .    ,     ,   -   .        :        .          ,       .

,       ,       .    - ,             .   ,        .    ,        .     ,     . , ,  ,     ,           .   ,               .

  1916       .[24 - Katz F. The Life and Times of Pancho Villa. Stanford University Press, 1998. P. 601.]      ,          .             .  ,   ,         .

 ,      -     ,          .         . ,   ,  ,      ,      .          ,        .          ,        .

     .    ,     ,  ,      ,     ,     .              ,           .  ,       ,        ,            .   ,  ,    ,   .    -   ,     .  ,  ,    ,     ,      ,      .       ,  ,       .

         ,        .         ,      ,        .                .       810       -,   .   ,             ,                . ,    ,         .

      ,        -.  ,     ,        .              ࠖ    .  ,     .    . ,   ,  ,  ,    ,       , ,        .    90 .

      - , ,   .        -    ,   .      :      ,    .[25 - Katz F. The Life and Times of Pancho Villa. Stanford University Press, 1998. P. 628.]

,            .      ,  ,      .          .   ࠖ               .         .    -  ,   . -                      .

      ,           .  ,           .   , ,         . (    ,       .) ,    ,     -  .          . ,      ,   ,    . ,           .

22  1916     ,           .        .[26 - Machado M. Centaur of the North. Fransisco Villa, the Mexican Revolution and Northern Mexico. Austin, 1988. P. 153.]     ,        .             350  , ,   ,     .[27 - Katz F. The Life and Times of Pancho Villa. Stanford University Press, 1998. P. 630.]    ,     ,   .   ,       , ,  ,         . ,             .

           . ,  ,    1915 ,             ,           . ,      .      ,      (   , ,  ).  ,        ,      .        .

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    ,        ,    .     ,     ,   . ,     ,      ,   . ,             .

       .                 ,      1915 . ,      ,      .         .       . , ,    ,    ,   ,    ,     .    2500 ,  600        .               .      ,   .

    ,      ,        .                 ꠖ   .

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1 1917      -,    .         ,       .      ,         . 200       .[28 - Katz F. The Life and Times of Pancho Villa. Stanford University Press, 1998. P. 634.]

        .     .   ,                     .    ,   ,    .       ,  ,   ,    .          .[29 - Katz F. The Life and Times of Pancho Villa. Stanford University Press, 1998. P. 634.]       .       ,     .

,          .           (   )     .       :        ,      .  ,  ,          ,          ,    .         .  ,     ,      ,        .  ,        .

   -            .   ,         . ,   , ,      , ,  ,   .                   .         ⠖   ,               ,        .          ,              .  ,  ,          1  1916-  23  1917  4449 .[30 - Katz F., The Life and Times of Pancho Villa. Stanford University Press, 1998. P. 638.]

   , ,  , ,            .   1917      㠖         ,      .    ,               ,                 .[31 - McLynn F. Villa and Zapata. A history of the Mexican Revolution. New York, 2000. P. 373.]  ,                       .

       ,           .      ,           .      27  ,     .            .               .

  1917       ,       .          : ,    .  ,         ,     .      :     ,  . ,     .                 :          .

  1917         ,     .  ,        ,[32 - McLynn F. Villa and Zapata. A history of the Mexican Revolution. New York, 2000. P. 374.]         ,  .     -  .       . -,     , ,           . -,          .     ,      ,  ,           .          . ,   ,   ,         ,     .

     ,                 .         ,        ,      1912 .       .       ,     ,           .

       ,             [33 - Katz F. The Life and Times of Pancho Villa. Stanford University Press, 1998. P. 649.].     ,  , , ,   ,   ,    ,     . , ,          1919         ,    (  ,    ).

                 ( , ,           ).    , ,           .  1918       ,           .           450   ,       .[34 - Meyer M., Sherman W. The Course of Mexican History. New York, 1987. P. 545.]

         ,            - .  ,     ,    ,     .   1918        ,      .      ,     ,     .      :        .

   ,      ,        .[35 -       : http://www.mexconnect.com/en/articles/1853-pancho-villa-as-a-german-agent]    ,       . ,         ,         .      ,   1915               (              )[36 - Tobler H. W. Die Mexikanische Revolution. Frankfurt am Main, 1984. S. 222.] 340        -.[37 - ,       ,        ,     .    ,           .]

  1916 ,      ,              ,     .                  .         ,       .   ,         ,     ,     .

   ,     -           ,      .   1916 ,    ,           .                   .         .                 .   ,  , ,   ,       .           ,             .

  1917   (,    )     : ,             . ,            .         1917      ,          . -              . ,         , , -,       .

 19171918 , ,        ,    .         ,    ,     .         1911     .     ,    ,       .     ,       1913 ,     .    ,          .[38 -      . Meyer M. Huerta. A political Portrait. Lincoln, University of Nebraska Press, 1972. P.156178.]   , ,  ,     .         .     ,        ,           .

 1916       ,        .                1911 ,   ,          .  1914              .                 . ,            .

   .    1914    ,          .   ,    ,   ,  ,   ,            .        ,   -             .

,      ,          ,       .          1915     .       ,      .        ,        ,     . , ,        ,     .

  (             )     ,               .       .  ,          .  ,           ⠖             ,       .        ,            1916  ( ,     ).[39 - Meyer M., Huerta. A political portrait. Lincoln, University of Nebraska Press, 1972. P. 229.                ,     .         ,      ,   .]                 (Concordia,  -  ).

            ,    .         ,       .          ,         .                 .           ,    ,            .  1912        ,        .   ,      1913 ,    .     ,       .

    :         I    III.          .       ,          III,      (  ,        ),     ,  ,  ,     .

     ,      ,   ,           - ,     .[40 - Knight A. The Mexican Revolution. Volume 2: Counter-revolution and Reconstruction. London, Cambridge University Press, 1990. P. 378.]   ,      , , ,    .           ,    ,       ( , , ,   )      ,      .        ,        .       ,         (       ).   , -  ,              (               ).                 .

 ,           .       , ,     .       ()    -,   ,           .           ,      .          .  ,         (  ),   -  .          .

         .           .  ,       ,    -.       ,      1857 .     , ,   ,   .               .           ,      .   ,     ,  ,        .      ,   ,       .             .          . ,          .

       ,                  .                  . ,          . ,        .     -    ,    ,   ,   .

    .   1916               .       ,                  .        .      .[41 - Knight A. The Mexican Revolution. Volume 2: Counter-revolution and Reconstruction. London, Cambridge University Press, 1990. P. 379.]      ,       .             .        ,       -      .

  1917      .  1918-           . ,       .       ,           ,     10 . ,       ,             10  ,    .               .  ,          -      -   -   .

          ,      .             ,       .        .  ,  ,      ,    . -, ,   ,   ,        . -,         ,            . ,  ,   ,            ,   ⠖            .

        ,   19141920       .[42 - Knight A. The Mexican Revolution. Volume 2: Counter-revolution and Reconstruction, London, Cambridge University Press, 1990. P. 386.]           1918    -.                  (  ,   ,     ,  ).






 



   1885    ,      .  1901           젖   .          ,                  (  ) .  1910               .              . ,     ,     ,    ,     ,        1912 .         1912     .

        1913         ,  .                 500        .      .   , ,      ࠖ         .       ,    ,     6  ,    .    ,           .            .          .   ,      .         .

,    ,       .            .          10  .    頖    .            .     堖 ,     ,      .      .         .    ,        .  1915-1920   , .

  1914    ,      .[43 -        1914-1916  . Eisenhower J. Intervention!: The United States and the Mexican Revolution, 1913-1917. New York, 1993.]       .      .     ,          .    ,       1915    .      ,    19171918        . ,     ,      .

       1917               ,       .            ,   .       ⠖  ,             .

 1918       .             ,   ,        .   ,        ,     ,            ,               .             .   ,    ,     (    ),            500 .

,   ,     ,    ,        .       -  ,                .     ,          .

   ,  ,           .                .                    1917  ,   .             ,     .         (           ,           )    ,    .

        . ,          1917 ,      . ,          ,       .[44 -      ,             .       ,   10%     90%     9   5% .]     ,      .

         ,        : ,    (,        ).

             .       1857 ,     .   ,        ,   ,         .                  .       1914     ,     .

 ,                         蠖        .     (     ,   )       . ,    ,     ,   ,        .

   XX           .  3  130  1917              .              . ,   (          )    .

,    1917            1917 [45 - Cumberland . . Mexican Revolution. The Constitutionalist years. Austin, 1972. P. 375.].  ,           ,          .         ,          .  ,  -     1857  (     ).    ,  ,     ,           .

  -      .    1917          --          .     ,    ,       .  ,          ,       .      ,         . ,           頖     , ,   .

   ,       .  ,        ,           (   ,  ,      ). ,        .

,    ,               . ,  ,  ,     - ,      -   .                 .  렖                 ,   .       .   ,      ,    ,         , ,     ,      .   ,  ,    ,       .

           .[46 - Cumberland . . Mexican Revolution. The Constitutionalist years. Austin, 1972. P.377378.]           ,    .           ,       .    ,         ,      .  ,         ,    .   ,    ,    ,      .    , ,  ,       ,       ,     .

 1918         ,     .[47 - Cumberland . . Mexican Revolution. The Constitutionalist years. Austin, 1972. P. 380.]         ,      ( , ,      ,       )      ,    .               .       ,         ,         .

 ,          ,        .          .           .

         ,           ࠖ .  6  1915 ,       , , ,    -    ,         .  1917       .      ,     ,    .[48 -        ,  19  1917        1915 .]             ( ,          ),    ,    .[49 -          1919    34.      ,   ,        .]

       .     ,        ,        . ,     . ,         70    (       35       ).       ,  -   .           ,   .

  ,  ,       , , ,  ,         .   ,   ,       ,         .  ,    ,      젖          .         ,               ,     .

,           .        ,    ,    ,         .

       ,  ,       ,  .      ,     . ,                     ,        .             .         , ,       .    ,   ,          ,    .

              .        ,  ,         .    , , ,     110  250   5  (           ).   ,         ,       .         ,       9 ,         5% ,       .   ,          3050   ,     ,   ,    25        .     ,         ,        .

  1920    ,         50     20    5% .        .[50 - Ruiz R. E. The Great Rebellion. Mexico 1905-1924. New York, 1980. P.309310.]        .

,        ,           .   1917-1920     200    ( 1%   ). 90       1917 ,   1919-젖  6 .   1919         ,                ,      .    1919        ,      .[51 - Tobler H. W. Die mexikanische Revolution. Frankfurt am Main, 1984. S. 344.]             .   ,            ,      .

  ,     ,                    .  ,      ,             .

    -        .    ,   12%   (, ,  ).             .        :   (,  , 蠖           ),        ,    .      .      ,         -      (  ,      ).                       . ,            ,      .




  .


   .

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notes








1


       . Cumberland . . Mexican Revolution. The Constitutionalist years. Austin, 1972. P.320361.




2


 : . , ..,   1910-1917.  . .,1958. . 285.




3


  . Krause. E. Mexico. Biography of Power. History of modern Mexico 1810-1996. New York. 1997.




4


     ,     .        10 ,       .




5


McLynn F. Villa and Zapata. A history of the Mexican Revolution. New York, 2000. P.347349.




6


Koth K. Waking the dictator. Veracruz, the struggle for Federalism and the Mexican Revolution 1870-1927. University of Calgary Press, 2002. P. 220.




7


  (     ) . Hall L. B. Alvaro Obregon. Power and Revolution in Mexico 1910-1920. College Station, 1981.




8


Womack J. The Mexican Revolution // Mexico since Independence. London, Cambridge University Press, 1991. P. 178.




9


Cumberland . . Mexican Revolution. The Constitutionalist years. Austin, 1972. P. 363.




10


      23  1889     1910-1911      .               ,   ,   ,     .          ,     .  1914-1916    ,     1916       1918-      .    -    .




11


  . Krause E. Plutarco E. Calles. Reformar desde Origen. Mexico, 1987.




12


Womack J. The Mexican Revolution // Mexico since Independence. London, Cambridge University Press, 1991. P. 178.




13


Meyer M. Huerta. A polical portrait. Lincoln, Universtity of Nebraska Press, 1972. P.178190.




14


Tobler H. W. Die mexikanische Revolution. Frankfurt am Main, 1984. S. 336.




15


     :   .       1  1917    ,           (?)    .          (?)     ()     , .              .    ,   67893     .              ,   ,       .




16


Haley P. E. Revolution and Intervention: The Diplomacy of Taf and Wilson with Mexico, 1910-1917. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1970. P.250251.




17


Haley P. E. Revolution and Intervention: The Diplomacy of Taf and Wilson with Mexico, 1910-1917. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1970. P. 251.




18


Haley P. E. Revolution and Intervention: The Diplomacy of Taf and Wilson with Mexico, 1910-1917. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1970. P. 255.




19


Shafer R. J., Mabry D. J. Neighbors Mexico and the United States: Wetbacks and Oil. Chicago, Nelson-Hall, 1981. P.2831.




20


Tobler H. W. Die mexikanische Revolution. Frankfurt am Main, 1984. S. 338.




21


Womack J. The Mexican Revolution // Mexico since Independence. London, Cambridge University Press, 1991. P. 181.




22


Womack J. Zapata and the Mexican Revolution. New York, 1968. P. 253.




23


Womack J. Zapata and the Mexican Revolution. New York, 1968. P. 288.




24


Katz F. The Life and Times of Pancho Villa. Stanford University Press, 1998. P. 601.




25


Katz F. The Life and Times of Pancho Villa. Stanford University Press, 1998. P. 628.




26


Machado M. Centaur of the North. Fransisco Villa, the Mexican Revolution and Northern Mexico. Austin, 1988. P. 153.




27


Katz F. The Life and Times of Pancho Villa. Stanford University Press, 1998. P. 630.




28


Katz F. The Life and Times of Pancho Villa. Stanford University Press, 1998. P. 634.




29


Katz F. The Life and Times of Pancho Villa. Stanford University Press, 1998. P. 634.




30


Katz F., The Life and Times of Pancho Villa. Stanford University Press, 1998. P. 638.




31


McLynn F. Villa and Zapata. A history of the Mexican Revolution. New York, 2000. P. 373.




32


McLynn F. Villa and Zapata. A history of the Mexican Revolution. New York, 2000. P. 374.




33


Katz F. The Life and Times of Pancho Villa. Stanford University Press, 1998. P. 649.




34


Meyer M., Sherman W. The Course of Mexican History. New York, 1987. P. 545.




35


      : http://www.mexconnect.com/en/articles/1853-pancho-villa-as-a-german-agent




36


Tobler H. W. Die Mexikanische Revolution. Frankfurt am Main, 1984. S. 222.




37


,       ,        ,     .    ,           .




38


     . Meyer M. Huerta. A political Portrait. Lincoln, University of Nebraska Press, 1972. P.156178.




39


Meyer M., Huerta. A political portrait. Lincoln, University of Nebraska Press, 1972. P. 229.                ,     .         ,      ,   .




40


Knight A. The Mexican Revolution. Volume 2: Counter-revolution and Reconstruction. London, Cambridge University Press, 1990. P. 378.




41


Knight A. The Mexican Revolution. Volume 2: Counter-revolution and Reconstruction. London, Cambridge University Press, 1990. P. 379.




42


Knight A. The Mexican Revolution. Volume 2: Counter-revolution and Reconstruction, London, Cambridge University Press, 1990. P. 386.




43


       1914-1916  . Eisenhower J. Intervention!: The United States and the Mexican Revolution, 1913-1917. New York, 1993.




44


     ,             .       ,   10%     90%     9   5% .




45


Cumberland . . Mexican Revolution. The Constitutionalist years. Austin, 1972. P. 375.




46


Cumberland . . Mexican Revolution. The Constitutionalist years. Austin, 1972. P.377378.




47


Cumberland . . Mexican Revolution. The Constitutionalist years. Austin, 1972. P. 380.




48


       ,  19  1917        1915 .




49


         1919    34.      ,   ,        .




50


Ruiz R. E. The Great Rebellion. Mexico 1905-1924. New York, 1980. P.309310.




51


Tobler H. W. Die mexikanische Revolution. Frankfurt am Main, 1984. S. 344.


