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        ,      [5],     .     [6]         (the tragedy of bad ideas)   ,          (assets price infation),      . . ,    (common goods) ,     (economy cannibalized itself).       .     ,   - , ,  [7],  (       ),   . .          ,     .      2012 .,    (),  9,2%,     10,6% .  ,  ,         ( 20092011 . 7,6  10,4%)   ( 4050%).    ,          2011 .  13%,     10% .    .      20002008 .   9 ,    80 .        15  .      30  ,  , , ,   . .,  2012 .   530  . ,   Apple (620  .).        ,     (   , , 12  6080% ),     20112012 .             ( 20%  23%).

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  ,     ,          .    Lee E. Ohanian (   -)  Journal of Economic Perspectives ,    1930-,   2000-       ,         .             ( 20082012 .    7  12,7  ,  18,4%      ),             ,   [11].   Boston Consulting Group,     ,    70%,       .

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        [19].           ,        ,        .    ,   1,7  . (   350 ,    630 ,    2,4  .)     (1,6  .).   Boston Consulting Group,        2013 . 345 . ,    [20].        , ,   . .       (8,5 . .    49 .   17 . ),    ,      (2010 . 10,3%, 2011 . 9,2%, 2012 . 8%).

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 ,    ,      ( ,       I .),    ,  ,        -  ,       .     Shadow Stats.com,   2012 .    11% (   24%,    22%,    8%),               1120%, . . 23  .       20002013 . 20  46  .  ,   ,         20072011 . 11  17,8%.

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1.     .         ,    .   I .  ,    ,   ,  - .        ,                ,  ,    .

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    ,        .      ( 26%)  ,        ( 2012 . 7%),  (1%)   (35% ) ,          . ,       ,       (   ),          .

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 ,     (    .),           ,      ,           . -      -, -,   , , ,            .

 ,    ,           .   ,   ,          500 530 .,   627,     90.                      [54].       20   ,        ,  ,    .          (1,5  .).




      


 ,    . . ,  ,       .     18502010 .,    ,    20 ,      .   ,   ,     .,            2,5  ,    ,   34  ,   .   US Bureau of Labor Statistics,  19802000 .      2,22,6%,   2000-    3,5%.       19482001 .     (1,15%  ),   (0,82%)     (0,23%).     [55],             ,     ,      (Multi-factor productivity).      Solow-Swan, Cass-Koopmans       ,       [56].          , ,     [57].

     ,   ,      ,  2  ,   ,   2,53,5       .          21%.      33-        .  60          ,   .    .     56   ,     ,     (0,9 . )   (90 )       .  ,    ( 0,4 .  48 ).        220      2,4  ,   .

             .   Bloomberg,      150%    ,    130%,    25%,    6,5%,       .   Investindustrial.com,  2008 .        5560 .,    45,  , ,   4043,  ,     2225 .        19962006 .   ,       32%,       2532%,       15%,     .

  ,   ,   20072012 .   ( 13,5  26 .   )         ( 2012 .  40%)     ( 2013 .      0,8  ).      .      ,       30%,       89%   (    1015%).        8% (    1520%).    7%            10%,       .       20012010 .   2,6 ,    3,1,      3,7,    4,2,     6 .      ,  2012 .     73%  1720%   ,  ,  45%      ,           ,     .

           (),       .

-,           (quality adjusted life  years), , , ,    ,            ,     .        (happy planet index),   (quality of life),   (human development),  ,         (stakeholder economics) [58].    ,   New Economics Foundation,  -    ,   ,      .

-,          ,  ,   ,   (carbon intensity),     [59].  , ,    ,  ,       .

-,  80%     ,       ,     .     ,     ,      ,   ,  .         ,  70         ,  40   .

          (key performance indicator)  , -,    .         [60, c. 8, 9].         : -,     -   ; -,    ,  ,  ,    ; -,     ,  ,            .     :           ,          .

    : 1)    ,         (   ,    ,     )     ,  ,     ()      ; 2)     ; 3)  ,   , , , ,        ; 4)    ,       ; 5)   ,       ; 6)        ,            ; 7)      ,   ; 8)   ,      .

   ,                 ,  -,  ,  ,     ,  .             [61, c. 8].           [62].


 

1.       ,     .       - .

2.         -   .  -       ,         .        .

3.        ,              .

4.         .       ,         -,    .

5.        -   .                  ,   -,     ,   - .




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 ,       XXI ,   .      -       ,   -.         ,                  ,      ,     ,    ,  ,    .       ,           ,   ,    .            ,  -      ,  .

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 2012 .         23  ,     , , , . , .  8 ,   Goldman Sachs,  2050 .    60%  .   XVII   ,    21%,            .        (.Ru. 18.08.2011).

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          . .      LG    ,               () .       (  ).     ,          100    8,5   2011 .  6,63   2016 . 4,32   2025 .         ( 6  . )      ( 12  .),      ( 8 . . ).       .

      .       ,   ,      ,      ,      .           .                 (     -   ).

      . -  (    )   ,           .    ,      . ,      ,    (    1  1020%)  . .       ,  .            .

                        , -   .           .


     

                     [15, 16, 17, 18].       ,  ,   . .         , ,  ,     ,    ,   ,     .

       ,      ,    ,    .                 .             .    ,         (hard and sof)                 ,    .

    2000-   4,2%  ,       5,3%,    4,6%,    6%,    1,2%.

        :    (2011 .) ,         20052008 .   91,3  83,4%,       6  (20002008 .),    1        ( 13  .,        32 ,     65  .)  ,    (7 ),  (6,5 ), ,      (2,9  .).

  .  (. 31.05.2011),        1970- .  11,3,   2000-    1,6 .   .         35  ,    (200 300   1000   ),     3040% .     2000-    1450  329,     ,    20002010 .   3,7 .      1620%,       7% .      5       83%   ,       5 .

   1      2,6 , 1   -95   3,1 , 1     3,7 , 1     3,8 ,   1     4,2 ,  1000 .    6 .     ,                 .

  , -   ,        4% .  70%              .

  -   ,  2011 .      1972 .,   1957 .,   1965 .,   1962 .,      1959 .   ,  1990 2008 .     19  (  1930- ),     1,4,    9 ,     50 .

   70%  ,         6%.       ,   UN Monthly Bulletin of Statistics,    37%,    20%.               2010 . 6,1%,          2,4%,      1,3% ( 2005 . 1,5%).          .

  ( 2020 .)        .

-     ,    20                .         ,    .    34  (, ,   .)    .      - ,     (       )..            ,        .         ,      ,   .

     [20]    [21]  ,         5%-  .            ,    [22],        [23].

  McKinsey Global Institute,  20092020 .         4 ,                .  20072011 .        100    2015 .    50%.        ,     ,       , ,   . .,       ,  , ,    . .         ,    .          ,   .       ,     .

        ( ,  ,    ),           ,      .    .      3,2   2010 .  6,4   2011 . 7,8    2012 .,      1/3  .  70%        ,    .

                          .  20082010 .       2,8,      3,1 .         ,      .       .  ,   , :   ,            .

  ,               .       -       ,       ,      .     ,         25% (1,3 1,4  2,5 .  1 .     ).        0,6 .  ..        13%,       1112%,     .  ,     15          .

         ,        ,       .  ,   KPMG Synergies,  2050%,       .     .

    - ,    .            ,        ,     . ,      ,    ,        .                   .                    .         .

          .     ,   -  . .   ,     .    , ,   . .          ,  ,  ,    .        Globaltrans    ,     ,    ,   . .

  -   ,   .  (. 01.09.2011),    2015 .  270   .         400  .,           ,       .     ,     2012 .  3  .    ,   ,  ,     ,       ,     .

 10       .       2,2  .,    1,6    .         (   ,   )   ,   3040%     .        1020    ,   ,  .

          ,  ,       ,     ,      .           ,      ,            .

      .          ,   ,  ,       (  - )    .       ,     (     23  ).

         ,   XXI       .    ,   , 11  .  ,          . -      1,52  ,    .  60%   .  ,           1,5 .

  2010-   4445%    .  1/3    .     (1    )     .    15      5  ( 500  114 . ),       0,2%,       ,     .           ,   ,    .             .  ,       . .  .        ,       .

  22%  ,     ,    .  ,   ,       ,    ,     .              .

        ,               ,              (       ).    ,        ,              ,    -- .

      [22, 23, 24  .].                 ,        .          - .


,        

            .    -       ,        ,       [25].      :           ,      [26].

     ,               [27].         ,  ,   ,    ,   [28],       ,      [29].

           ,           .      ,       . ,   ,   ,        47  32,    265  208 . .,         62  49 .         .

      ,   ,   0,30,4%      ,   ,       ,     Volkswagen (),         .  (      )       35%.

               ,             ,          ,     ,  .      ,         ,    ,       , , , -    ,    .

              .      , ,   [30].    ,      ,     ,   ,   ,          ,   ,   ,      .      :      ,   ,     . .   .         .   ,      ,       ,    ,  ( )     .        ,    ,   . .  .

     [31, 32, 33]       , , ,    .               ,      ,          [34].     (. 11)     .

  (20082011 .)      ,      (      ).     , ,      ,        , , .  2012 .   Sony, Toshiba  Hitachi    ,   ,  ,   . .,   70%    Innovation Network Corporation of Japan,    30%   .              .

       (15%  Petrobras),  (5%  ),   20122016 .  (  ,  KEGOC,  Air Astana,  . .).       515% ,       ,      .          14 ,    , , , , ,   .      ,  .     2000-             ,       [35].

 -2020,    -       ,   -  ,      .         ,                .    ,             ,     ,      .

          ,   0,7%   .          (26  276 ),         (1,1  13,5 ).       2010 2011 .  .    ,     20072011 .   75  71% (    95%).   .  (. 2009. 52),       (35,2%)   (32,4%) .    19,1%,     ,   . .   4,2%  .            ,     .



           ,      ,   57%      .  2012 .  Kraf Foods    Nestle            (,   . .)    (, ,   . .).    2012 .        ( 2  .),  ,   (1,1 1,3  .),  (330350  .),  ,     . .

        .   ,     ,     ,   .    (,     ,    ໠   )       .

          .  ,   (1990- .)     ,    ,        .  ,   (2000- .)     ,   ,    ,     ,      .    (2010- .)     .

   ,     ,       ,    .    ,        .  (. 26.02.2009),    ,    .       ,          .      .

1.  ( 1992 . 2600%)       ,      .          (       ),    14                 .                      .

2.          ,    1  .       .        ,       ,  , ,       .     ,     ,      .

       :       2010 .  30% (  9,   14,   27%).   ,         -   20082010 . 8  163  .    (, 10.05.2011),  20082011 .     (),            50  20%, 40%      ,         ,       .

3.       -  (      ,      ),    (        )      (       ,    ,          )      ,      .          ,   . , ,  ,     ,  .

      .              .      ,      .       ,      .

4.    (       )          19902010 . 26  1%.      ,       (    )       .

5.    (     ,      ,   )    1990- .     ,  ( 3 .),  ( 300)  . .

  ,       300 ,       40%       ,         .    70%        ,   . .,    ,  ,    .      ,       .

  ,             ,    1% .         . .        ,     1998 .    ,  2011 . 30  ,       ,      . .    20  . . ,   ,   ,         .

  ,         ,   ,        12     (  )   (  ).      ,     ,      .

6.      ,      .    2011 .          34 .           ,   45 .

               .    ,   .    ,    .        29  . ,     3,7 .               .     ,      ,    .

7.           .  85% , ,       ,  ,        ,            .         .  ,      ,     ,  -         .

  100%-       100%-   .                . ,  Lenovo   IBM      ,  2012 .  13%      2014 .      .               ,   1/4  .  13   ,     ,      .  2012 .     .     , , ,      ,        .

            ,   .   IMS Global Insight,    Golden Electronics,     Nokia, Motorola, Apple  .,   19992011 .  100  400500 . ,     1214  89 .,      7  6  (  ,   . .).      .       (  2011 . 65 .),  (Nike, Reebok, Adidas)    ( 2012 .    2  .),  (Intel, Dell, H P, Apple, Nokia)     .

     2012 .  700 .,    1000,    1500,         (  800 ).       Nokia, Siemens, Ericsson, Huawei, Alcatel, Lucent         ,       ,        .         ,       50% ,     .           6070%,   ,       5%.

8.               .  ,        , ,    ,    ,     .         108      ,         -             ,    . 30     .  ,   (  2010 .  3    )           .                .




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/l-s-blyahman/globalnye-regionalnye-i-nacionalnye-tendencii-razvitiya-ekonomiki-rossii-v-xxi-veke-izbrannye-trudy/)  .

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notes








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. .-. -. . 5. 2013. . 2. . 321




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  .    :   /  . . - .  . . . . : һ, 2014. 237 . . 58




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  . 2012. 1 (41). . 717


