
 


 ()
            ,     1648     XX.          ⻠     .         ,     ,          ,    XXXXI.





 





Henry Kissinger

DIPLOMACY



 



    Simon & Schuster, Inc.   Andrew Nurnberg.



 Henry A.Kissinger, 1994

 . ., 2017

     AST Publishers, 2018


* * *


       ,         .







 1

  


   -     ,  ,  ,  , ,    ,   ,          .  XVII              ,            ,     .   XVIII    ,        200 .  XIX      ,      ,        .

 XX              ,    .                          .                        .               ,              .

,       ,         .    ,         ,     ,          .     ,            .           ,         ,             .

                      ,   ,     .        ,           - ,   .                ,            XX.          ,             ,      .

      .     ,          .                           .         ,     ,         ,                   ,                .

           .          1917           ,            ,                   .          ,   ,        ,         .         .        ,     ,      ,  .       ,               .

       ,             ,    .     ,         ,        .      ,   ,    ,           .       1945       ( -       35     ),  ,   ,     ,    .

 .      1961 ,      ,            ,    . 30        ,        .       .           ,            .        ,  ,    ,   ,             ,       .

                   1919 ,        .          .    ,       -   ,    .         ,          ,    .  ,         ,    , ,          ,      ,      . , ,              ,       ,    .

     ,         .    ,       ,                .      ,         , , ,   ,      ,      .

  ,  ,              .      ,       ,      .         ,         ,        ,             ,  .

     ,    ,       150 .    ,        ,   .       ,    ,    . -    :   ,       ,         ,    ,   .           .

                      .             ,         .

      ,            ,                  .               ,      :      ,         ,        ,    .                  ;  ,    .

          .             ,    .       ,    .             .    ,       ,           .

        ,        .              .      ,              2000      .                .            .      .     .               ,               .

         -      ,     ,      1648 .             ,      ,    .

              .   , ,    ,    ,    .                   ,             ,    .

              ,                .     ,        ,      ,           .        ,            ,    .      ,     .     ,    ,            .       . ,   ,     ,      ,   -   ,   ,    ,     .

,        .  ,       ,          1815                 .       XIX         ,        .      ,        .    1914   ,      .               .       ,       ,       .

       .           ,       ,          ,   .    ,  ,    ,   ,       ,      ,      .           ,       .        .         , ,       ,    :     .        .   .

           ,   ,               .          ,           ,      ,       raison detat,      ,    .    ,       ,    ,   ,  ,      ,      ,    . -          ,      ,   ,     -   .           ,     .             ,     ,  ,    ,     .

                .     ,    ,    ,      ,         . ,   ,           ,       .              ,  ,    .   ,    ,        .

           .        ,    ,       .           .                .   ,       ,       ,     .

        , ,      .        .        ,         ,    .                   ,   ,      ,          . ,             ,       ,     .        ,                 .

  XXI     :  , ,   ,  .               XVIIIXIX,      .          ,   , , , ,  , , ,       .               .   ;       .    ,       ,      ,  ,     .

                       XIX,        , ,        .                     .

,    ,       ,    ,    .           .            , raison detat,      ,        .          ,         .       ,               ,        .

        .             ,  ,            .        ,    ,         , , ,          .       ,      ,   ,         .  ,       ,      ,       .      ,         ,      -     .

       ,      ,          ,        .          .              ,  -   .         .           .    ,     ;  ,   ,      .              .

     ,      .  ,         .             ?                ?                 ,         ?           ,      ,    .

       .   2000          . ,    .      ,     .          , , ,    ,  .            .

  XIX      ,      ,       ,     .     ,    ,        ,        .        . ,     ,       .     XVIII     .     ,     ,            .          ,     ,    .          ,    .     XIX                ,    ,         .

       .   500          1854                 ,    ,     .    ,     ,                 ,         ,    ,   ,   ,    .

   ,       ,        ,      .              ,    ,      .          ,   ,   ,  ,             ,        . ,   -       ,    ,              .

  ,     ,             ,      .                .      ,  , -,          .                   ,     .        .    ,     ,           .        ,        .

 ,      ,     ,            .                   .                        ,       .

-,    ,      .    ,  ,     ,     ,        .       ,     .          . ,    ,      .      ,  ,     ,     ,        ,   ,              ,    .

      ,      ,  ,         ,        .      ,              .   ,   ,   ,          .

,    ,   ,       .      ,              ,    -  .   ,  ,             .       ,   ,    , , .

       ,              , ,  ,  ,       ,     .       ,   .    ,     .        ,       .

     ;   .            .         ,              .     ,    ,     ;       .    .     ,      .      ;   .     ;       .       ,         .        ,        , ,   ,      .      ,          ,     ,      ,      .




 2

 :     


   XX       .          :         ,    .         :     .       ,        ,     .   ,         ,        .

        .        ,      ,  ,    ,   ,     .         :         ,       .             ,  , ,         ,               .   ,       ,          ,      ,           .

    ,      ,             .        ,       -   .       ,  ,         ,    .           ,     .       ,                  .

        ,       - .               ,     ,     .          ,        , -        ,     . , ,             ,    ,      .   ,  -         ,        ,     .         ()    ()[1 - Robert W.Tucker and David C.Hendrickson. Thomas Jefferson and American Foreign Policy, ( .  .      ). Foreign Affairs, vol. 69, no. 2 (Spring 1990), . 148.(       ,    ,         . . .)]   ,             .     ,             ,       .

              ,     . ,                   .  1794           ,                -.         1803 ,     ,           ,          ,       .

 ,    ,  ,         :        ,          ,       [2 - Thomas G.Paterson, J.Garry Clifford and Kenneth J.Hagan. American Foreign Policy. A History ( .,  .   .   . ). (Lexington, Mass.: D.C.Heath, 1977), . 60.].      ,        .               .            ,    .

                   ,         [3 -   .  . . 140.  : Letters and Other Writings of James Madison. (     ). (Philadelphia: J.B.Lippincott, 1865), vol. IV, . 49192.].               ,          :



    ,     ,  ,      ,        (  )       ;              .  ,    ,    ,        .      ,  ,      .  ,        [4 -    : William A.Williams (eds.). The Shaping of American Diplomacy (  ). (Chicago: Rand McNally, 1956), vol. I, . 122.].



  ,       ,      ,    .       ,         .            ,         .                 .    ,         - .

         ,     .   ,  ,         ()            .         [5 -     17  1796 ,  : Senate Document 3, 102nd Cong., 1st sess. (  3,     102- ). (Washington, D.C.: U.S.Government Printing Office, 1991), . 24.].



         ,   ,        .     ,     ,      ,           ,   -     ,      .

          ,           .              ,        ,      ,         ,        .       ,        ,     .   ,        ,      ,          ,    ,            ,  [6 -   -    2  1790 , : Paul Leicester Ford, ed. The Writings of Jefferson ( ). (New York: G.P.Putnams Sons, 189299), vol. V, p. 153,  :   .  . . 139.].



               ,           ,     ,       .        ,      .        ,   , ,      ,    ,         ,    .     ,        [7 - Thomas Paine. Rights of Man (1791) ( .  ). (Secaucus, N. J.: Citadel Press, 1974), p. 147.].

  ,          ,        .     ,       .  , ,      ,       ,    :



, ,       ;   ,   ,  .           ,   ,   ,     .         .         .         [8 - Alexander Hamilton. The Federalist 6 ( . . 6), : Edward Mead Earle, ed. The Federalist. (New York: Modern Library, 1941), p. 3031.]



, ,    .         ,   ,  ,                     .  ,          .                ?         ?

         ,          ,      .    ,                [9 -      6  1801 , : Adriennnne Koch and William Peden, eds. The Life and Selected Writings of Thomas Jefferson (     ). (New York: Modern Library, 1944), p. 561.].        ,       :   ,     ,     ,     ,       ,        [10 -      19  1802 , : Ford, ed.  , vol. VIII, p. 158159,  : Robert W.Tucker and David .Hendrickson. Empire of Liberty: The Statecraft of Thomas Jefferson (  .  :    ). (New York/Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990), p. 11.].



,                ,       .    ,           ,    ,        .  ,    .

     ,     XIX,         .  ,         .                       .              ,       ,        ?  ,      ,     ,        ? ,  ,              ?    ,            ,           ?

 ,     ,       :



            ,               , ,  ,      .  ,   ,     ,  ,       ,       [11 -   .  . . 141.].



              .  1820         ,      ,         .             ,           ,    .

  XX         :              .     ,     ,        .   ,     ,      1821 :



             ,     () ,     .         ,   .       .          [12 -   .  4  1821 , : Walter LaFeber, ed. John Quincy Adams and American Continental Empire ( .       ). (Chicago: Times Books, 1965), p. 45.].



              ,        .  ,   ,     ,     ,   ,      1820- .                    .

          ,   ,           .      , ,     ,         .       ,   ,       ,    .

      ,    ,   .          1812 ,       .     ,               .

  1823     ,     ,   .            ,            .          ,    ,        .                 .

 ,          .                .     ,                         [13 -     , 2  1823 , : Ruhl Bartlett, ed. The Record of American Diplomacy (  ). (New York: Alfred A.Knopf, 1956), p. 182.].

, ,   ,     ,        ,      -    :         ,   ,      [14 -  .].

                 .        ,                   ,  ,  ,           .         ,          ,     - .          ,           ,  ,          .  ,       ,     .

       ,       ,              ,    ,       - .  ,   ,           ,          .          ,   .

              .  1823            ,        .   100-               .  1845            ,              ,  ,   , , ,    [15 -      4  1845 , : The Presidents Speak ( ), annot. by David Newton Lott. (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1969), p. 95.].  ,           ,                   .

         .                ,            ,         .    1868              ,      :



                .         [16 -  : Williams, Shaping of American Diplomacy, vol. 1, p. 315 (.   . . I. . 315).].



   ,       ,           .      ,         .  1885                .       ,  , , -, ,   ,  [17 - .: Paul Kennedy. The Rise and Fall of Great Powers ( .     ). (New York: Random House, 1987), p. 201 and p. 242ff; : Fareed Zakaria. The Rise of a Great Power, National Strength, State Structure, and Americam Foreign Policy 18651908 (unpublished doctoral thesis, Harvard University, 1992), chapter 3, p. 4ff. ( .   ,  ,      , 18651908 , . 3. . 4 .), (  ,  , 1992).].                 800 ,      523 ,      567 ,      256 .       .   , , .

                      .     .     , ,     ,      ,     .            .   ,             .

            .     (25  ),   .   1890     14-     ,   -    ,        13   .      ,        .  1880 ,      ,      , ,     .              ,         [18 - ,  . . 78.].

     ,        ,          ,       .   1880-       - ,   1880     ,   .  1889        ,  -          [19 -  . . 71.].

     -        ,        .    XIX         ,   -     .  , ,      ,        ,    ,      .

    ,    .  1895           ,      .   ,  ,        ,       ,      .                       [20 -   . . 189.].             .  1902            .

    ,          .         .     ,        ,     ,       ,   .     ,     ,      ,     .        ,         ,         .    ,       ,        ,         ,      ,      ,     .

      ,   .    ,    ,     ,                     .    ,       . ,    ,  ,       ,      ,   ,      ,    .     ,     ,    ,   -   .          ,          ,   .

   ,    ,  ,       .   ,      , 6  1904           -  ,          .  :           , ,    ,         ,      [21 -       6  1904 , : Bartlett, ed. The Record of American Diplomacy, p. 539 (  ).].

     .  1902         .  1903         .         ,   ,               ,       .  1905         .   1906     .

            .       ,      .       .         1902 :                              [22 -    , 1902 , . : John Morton Blum. The Republican Roosevelt (  .  ). (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1967), p. 127.].

         .                ,           .       ,       .       ,   ,              .              ,    .

    ,         .       ,     ,        ,               ,   .       .      ,             ,   .    ,        ,     [23 -     (5:5) :  ,    . (.  .) . .].   ,    ,  ,       .    ,   ,         ,      XX   ,     XIX,    ,           ,   .

      ,        .     . ,       ,      .   ,       :



              .                        ,          .           ,          [24 -  . . 137.].



    ,      :



              ,   ,     ,    .        ,               ,             .              ,  ,   [25 -      3  1914 , : Elting E.Morison, ed. The Letters of Theodore Roosevelt (  ). (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1954), vol. VIII, p. 82425.].



     ,   ,         .               ,  ,          .  1908        ,  ,    , -           ,    -       :



    . , ,     ,    .         ,    ,  -       ,         [26 - .  . . 131.].



,       ,  ,          ,        ,    .             ,        .       , ,     ,     ,          .      ,       ,            .

     1906     ,      . ,      ,     ,    ,  ,       .   ,            ,        .          ,   ,             .             . ,  ,               .   ,   ,     [27 - Selections from the Correspondence of Theodore Roosevelt and Henry Cabot Lodge, 18841918 (       , 18841918 ), ed. by Henry Cabot Lodge and Charles E.Redmond. (New York/London: Charles Scribners Sons, 1925), vol. II, p. 162.].

          ,      ,       ,   .      ,           ,  [28 - .  . . 135.].  1904  ,      ,   .      ,     .  ,   ,     [29 -  . . 134.].      ,  :      ,       [30 -  : John Milton Cooper, Jr. Pivotal Decades: The United States, 19001920 (-.  .  .    19001920 , (New York/London: W.W.Norton, 1990), p. 103.].

    ,        ,                .  ,         ,            ,         [31 - .  . . 134.].

   ,   ,             -    ,       ,  -.           .      ,            , ,      ,          .

 1914             ,        ,     :



     ,             .      ,    ,   ,      -,       ,    ,         [32 -  : Outlook, vol. 107 (August 22, 1914), p. 1012.].



                 . , ,      ,  ,    :    ,       ,         ,   -             ?..[33 -     3  1914 , : Morison, ed. Letters of Theodor Roosevelt (  ), p. 823.]

      ,        .       ,       .             - ,       .

 ,  ,  ,   -     ,   ,          ,      .  ,        ,         .  ,     ,    ,      ,          . , ,   . 3 1914        (           ), :     ,    ( ) 13  31 [34 -     -  3  1914 .  . . 821.].



         ,    ,           ,     .        ,        :



       ,     ,       ,           .         .      ,     ,  ,   .   ,   ,                  [35 -      4  1914 , : Robert Endicott Osgood. Ideals and Self-Interest in Americas Foreign Relations (  .        ). (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1953), . 137.].



             ,                 .     ,    ,   ,        ,       .        ,       . ,          ,    ; ,     ,   .   ,        ,    .

     ,   ,   ,     .       .       ,   ,    ,   .       ,    ,           ,           ,         .

        ,             .      .        ,        .  ,      ,       ,                .            , ,    ,    ,          .    ,       ,        ,             .         ,         ,          .

     ,    ,          .  ,          ,     ,       ,        .   ,          ,     ,         .

   .   ,  ,        .     ,            .  ,                   .            ,          .    ,           ,         ,    .

        2 1913     ,       .   ,  ,    ,  ,        .       ,  ,   ,         :



    ,           ,       :             .                   ,     [36 -  .           2  1913 , : ArthurS. Link, ed. The Papers of Woodrow Wilson (  ). (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1966) Vol. 29, p. 4.].



    ,   ,    ,  ,    .     :            ,     .      ,        [37 -   ,  1914 ,  : .    . . 144.].

                    .            8  1914    ,       ,       .   ,   ,     - ,     ,             ㅻ[38 -  .           8  1914 , : Link, ed. The Papers of Woodrow Wilson, (  ) vol. 31, p. 423.]

  ,      .     ,            .   ,    ,    ,       .     ,        ,  ,     .   ,       ,   ,                     .

        ,       ,      1916 .          .        ,             .   ,        ,        :

                .

        ,        .

        ,     .

         .



         :



    -  .             ,   -   .       ,   ;        .        ,      ,          - [39 -  . . 422.].



             .                  .   ,     (     ),             .  ,     ,   ,      ,    ,     ,        .            , ,  ,      ,    .

 , ,        :



 ,            ,         ,        [40 -  .        - 13  1916 , :  . . 37. . 212  .].



  ,    ,  ,    ,    ,    ,  ,    .                        .   ,            ,  ,      ,  -    .

     ,   , .   ,  ,      ,     ,   [41 -  .    -   5  1917 , :  . . 42. . 453.].     ,            .   1915       ,         .  ,          :



,          ,     ,    ,     ,       .            .     .      .               -     ,      .    ,   ,         [42 -  .           7  1915 , :  . . 35. . 297.].



           ,       .

           ,    .      -.    -.  ,   ,      ,    .       ,    .

  ,      ,   ,      .   ,              . ,  ,    ,      ,    ,        ,       ,         .       ,  , ,    .   ,    ,        . ,    , ,   ,        [43 -  .    ,  ,  , 24  1919 , :  . . 63. . 474.].   ,            .

    ,            -     ,       ,      !        ,      ,      , ,  ,       .             ,     .           . ,   ,     ,   ,  ,  ,  ,  -   .      ,        ,     ,      ,      ,        ,   ,   . ,  ,   ,   ,  ,        ,   ,  ,   .                 ,     ,       .

 ,     ,  ,     ,      .         -  .      .            . , ,   ,            .   ,    ,        ,       ,       ,    , ,   .    ,  ,      ,          ,   ,     ,      ,      ,    ,     ,   ,         , ,  [44 -  .        2  1917 , :  . . 41. . 526527.].



          .      . , ,           .  ,   ,       .    ,       ,      - ,          .  ,      ,    .    ,  :



      .        ,    .       ,    .         .   ,    ,        ,        ,         [45 -  . . 523.].



 II         ,           .              .          ,      -    ,          . 22  1917              [46 -  .      22  1917 , :  . . 40. . 536.].  ,        ,  ,        .

     .    ,   ,        ,      [47 - Selig Adler. The Isolacionist Impulse: Its Twentieth-Century Reaction (London/New York: Abelard Schuman, 1957), ( .  :     XX). p. 36.].          [48 -   (18541942),    ,      1892  1920 ,         (19121913),   (19211925)    (19251929). . .],           ,     [49 -  .].

     -        ,    .              .   ,         ,      [50 -  .  2  1917 , : Link, ed. The Papers of Woodrow Wilson (  ) vol. 41, p. 519ff.].        , ,    ,           :



   ,    ,            .     .      ,    ,       [51 -  .   24  1919 , :  . . 55. . 242243.].



             ,      9- .        ,           ,         .                ,   ,  ,       .       ,          .           -,           ,   .       ,      .

  300         ,         ,        .           ,         ,      .           .  ,   ,      ,      ,    .

        ,      ,        .    1912       ,            .          ,      .    ,        ,                  .

           ,         ,         .       ,     ,           ,       ,                 .      ,     ,    ,   ,     ,           ,   ,        .   ,    ,    ,    ,     ,    .

  ,    , , ,   ,    ,    .       ,   ,   ,    ,    .     ,      ,           ,               .

         ,         . 22  1917        ,   ,    :



,          ,   :                  ?     ,   ,   ,    [52 -  .  22  1917 , :  . . 40. . 536537.].



,          ,        (       1880     )[53 - .   (#litres_trial_promo).].    ,             ,   ,   ,           :



       ,  -   ,  ,       ,        :  ?,  ?,    ?[54 -  .      ( )    30  1919 , :  . . 59. . 608609.].



   ,      ,    .         ,       .   , ,    ,     ,       ,       ,       .  ,   ,       ,           : -,       , -,      ,        ,    [55 -  .       27  1916 , :  . . 37. . 113  .].

 1918                    ,  ,       .         , ,   ,      [56 -  . -  4  1918 , :  . . 48. . 516.].     14  1919 ,  ,                 ,     ( )               .           ,         ,   ,             [57 -  .        14  1919 , :  . . 55. . 175.].



             .     ,   .                   .

            ,        .                     .               .           (    ,        ).       ,                .              ;  ,           .

                ,          .      ,                     .      ,             ,    .     ,                ,          ,   ,    .                       ,    ,       ,   .           1935 ,       1992 .            ,  ,      .   ,     ,                 ,     ,     .

               .         ,     ,   ,       ?         ,         ?    :       ?         ?      ,       ?          ,      ?

    ,                ,  ,       .           ,         ,        .                ,               .

 ,   ,      . ,              ,     ,    .           ,      ,       .   1918      :



   ,   ,         .      ,     ,     ,        ,     ,    ,     [58 -      19  1918 , :   . .VIII. . 1400.].



          :



    ,           - ,        .             ,          .  , ,      ,    [59 -       (   ), 6  1918 , :  . . 14131414.].



  ,  ,         ,               . ,   ,           ,       .

       ,     .           1919 .                .   ,        ,    ,           ,  ,  ,       ,    ,    .

      ,           .         ,      . ,           , ,   ,     .               ,    ,    ,        .    ,    ,        ,      .    ,    ,                ,      ,        .

         :       ,               - . ,           ,  ,     ,     ,   ,         .  ,       ,      ,     -.   ,             ,             .

 ,          ,  ,   ,     ,     ,          .     .        ,           ,      ,      .




 3

   . ,    


            XVII            ,        .      .  ,      ,                  .

  ,              .  XVII     ,    . ,        ,    ,       .             ,     ,             ,        ,        .

        , ,       .          ,         .      ,              .        ,         .     ,   ,      ,         ,       ,       .      ,  ,     ,        .

   ,               ,     .         ,       .  ,   ,       ,   , ,   .          ,     ,   .      ,     .       ,       .    ,         ,      .

   XV,                        ,                .    XVI  V      ,       ,   ,    , ,  ,  , , ,  ,   .        -,      .

                 .  ,           .       XVI           .      ,   ,       .   XVI    ,  ,      ,     ,       .          ,     .         ;          ,           .

          - ,           .        , raison detat,   .    .  raison detat ,           .         .          ,     ,    ,    ,             .

             ,      .   ,            ,           .          ,      .   ,       (     )     ,    ,       .

         ,        ,  ,     1624  1642 .     ,  VIII   :   ,      .   ,  ,    [60 - Louis Auchincloss. Richelieu ( . ). (New York: Viking Press, 1972), p. 256.].   , ,      ,    ,  ,      ,     .

      ?     .      .    raison detat             .     raison detat               .          ,        ,                .        ,    ,       .

     1624 ,      II     ,          .  , ,   ,      ,      1618              .

 1618     ,        ,      :   .          ,        .        ,       .          , ,   ,     .      1648     ,        .           raison detat     , ,         .

  ,          .        -  .                 .       ,    ,         , ,      .

   .     ,   ,        :    ,      -   -,        - (  ,     )        .    ,      ,      .              ,            .         ,           .

      ,     ,   ,  .   ,        .   ,        ,             , .. raison detat,                .

                raison detat,   ,        ,     ,             .                      .      .         ,     .  ,              .

 II,  ,         raison detat.       ,    ,  ,                      .       ,            . ,  ,         -  -,    ,      .        :



   ,     , ,   ,    .  ,   ,    ,    ,          .       ,    , ,  [61 - : Quellenbuch zur Osterreichische Geschichte (  ), vol. II, edited by Otto Frass. (Vienna: Birken Verlag, 1959), p. 100.].



 ,     ,     ,     ,     .  1596  ,   , :     ,            [62 -  .].           .   ,      ,    ,      ,           .      ,    .   ,    ,    :    ,      ,   .       ,     (Bellum non tuum, sed Dei esse statuas)[63 -  .].    ,    ,   ,   :   ,       ,        ; ,         [64 -  .].

      .    ,          .       ,           .  ,     ,   .     ,     ,  [65 - Joseph Strayer, Hans Gatzke, and E.Harris Harbison. The Mainstream of Civilization Since 1500 ( ,     ..       1500 ). (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1971), p. 420.].  ,         ,    ;      ,   ,    .

       ,    1629 ,    .           ,             ,     .           .  ,         ,      ,    ,            1555  .       ,  ,      .     ,     .

   ,         ,       .            .    ,       1629 ,    -  ,   ,    ,     .      ,   ,           .

           ,  ,                         .      ,          , , ,        - XIII.  ,      - II ,         ,      ,      ,   150   .

                        .      ,      ,                .          ,           ,       .         ,     ,  ,           .   ,    1618       , , ,        -     .

   ,    ,   1635 , ,  ,                . , ,        ,        ,   ,      .              ,         ,      ,      :



      ,            ,          ,     ,  ,         ,          .  ,              , ,      ,  ,    [66 -  : Carl J.Burchardt. Richelieu and His Age ( .    ),      (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1970), vol. III, Power Politics and the Cardinals Death, p. 61.]



    , raison detat, ,  ,      .             ;       .         ,       . ,       .    ,       .            ,        .          .

          ,     ,          . ,      , ,  ,   ,           [67 -  . . 122.].     .            , ,        .            .          .      ,   ,       ,            .

         .            ,       ,     .           ,   ,        :



   ,  ,        ?      ,         ,             ?     :      ,  ,  ,     ,            ?[68 - Jansenius. Mars Gallicus (.  ), : William F.Church. Richelieu and Reason of State ( .      ). (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1972), p. 388.]



 , ,     ,   ,  .        ,      reductio ad absurdum[69 - Reductio ad absurdum       ,    . . .] (      ,     ),             .    ,    ,      ,    raison detat.

,        ,          .    ,   ,     ;   ,      .

   , ,    ,      ,     .            ,     ,  , , ,   . ,   ,          .            , ,   ,      .

  ,        ,          .        ,        ; , ,   . ,           ,      ,      ,   ,           .



    ,      -    ,       ,  ,         .    ,      .   ,     ,  ,    . ,    ,     [70 - Daniel de Priezak. Defence des Droits et Prerogatives des Roys de France (  .      ), :  . . 398.].



     ,  :   .

    ,   ,     ,          , -         [71 - Mathieu de Morgues. Catholicon francois, treatise of 1636 (  .  .  1636 ), :  . . 376.].

        ,    ,    .           ,   . ,  ,  ,     ,    .  , , ,        ,   ,           ,        ,      . ,           ,      ,     ,    ,      .      ,     ,    ,     ,         .

 ,           .   ,     1648 ,   ,          . ,          ,      ,         ,   ,      II.   ,      , ,  ,  ,  ,  ,             廠     ,       [72 - Albert Sorel. Europe Under the Old Regime (C .    ), : Francis H.Herrick. (Los Angeles: Ward Ritchie Press, 1947), . 10.].

           ,      .        ,     .   ,           .                    ,      ,     ,          .   ,          300 ,          .       ;     ,    .              ,           XIX,    .       ,      ,           .  ,   ,   ,            ,        .

    ,      .     ,               ,    ,   , ,  ,   ,     .              ,                   ,      ,       .

   ,    raison detat    .    ,        ?   ,   ?  ,   ,         ,     raison detat     , tours de force.       ,     XIV.         ,           .  XIV    ,        .          XIV          ,     .

     200                    .          .           ,      ,       .        ,        .       ,       ,    ,     II   .           ,     - .    ,       ,       , -      .              , ,         .      ,                        .

 raison detat      ,          .              .         .  ,       -   , ,  ,         .

 ,  ,         .      ,          .      ,     ,  ,     .     ,   ,   ;  ,  -    .  , ,            .                 .     100 ,    ,     .        ,     .

 ,           .   ,    XVIII  ,         .         .            ;       ,    .     XVIII   ( ,  )  ;    ,               .

        ,     ,    ,      .  1751         ,    ,  ,                          ,     .     ,  ,      ,   ,   [73 - : F.H.Hinsley. Power and the Pursuit of Peace (.X.     ). (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1963), p. 16263.].

     .  ,      :



      ,       .    ,    [74 -  . . 162.].



   , XVIII       ,            .

       ,     ,    1758 ,    , :



         ,        ,            .          ,    ,    ,        ,          [75 -  . . 166.].



    .    XVIII      ,          ,         .    ,       ,     ,        .

                  .           .         .      .  (      )   (  )    .     ,           .      ,      .

,       ,     .      .    .      .               ,   .  ,       . ,      ,     ,     .     ,                ,      ,    ,     .

    ,         ,   ,        ,                     :



  , ,        ,  ,                   .     .       ,    ,             .         ,       ,    .    ,      ,     .          ,  , ,     ,               .        .          .    ,       ,         [76 -  : Gordon A.Craig and Allexander L.George, Force and Statecraft ( .  .     ). (New York/Oxford: Oxdord University Press, 1983), p. 20.]



        .    ,    .             ,      .         :    ,          ?

    ,      .        ,      ,          .      ,    1740  1748 .       , ,   ,   1743    ,       .      ,   1756  1763 ,  .     , ,   ,         .           ,    -    .

               ,          .       ,   ,    ,   ,    ,           .  -      ,                  ,     ,      .

      ,    ,   .   ,    XVIII    ,      ,     ,  ,  ,         .     , ,   ,         ,   . , ,       ,        .          .

,        ,  ,    ,          .     ,   ,          .       III ,         .          - ,    ,   ,      XIV    .     ,         . ,         ,    ,         ,       -  .            ,     .

         ,       .        ,    XVIII,                ,          .    ,  ,    ,   ,     .     ,       .

       .           ,          .      (          1707 )                 .

  1688            XIV.      II.          ,  () ,         ,     ,   .          XIV   ,    ,      ,        (      ).  , ,  XIV    ,   ,       ,       .     ,        ,        1914 ,    .

       XIV. ,       ,        ,      -.            .          , ,  XIV,       ,      ( ),   .   ,    ,         ,      ,   .      ,   XIV      ,    ,    ,           .             . , , ,  , ,  ,        ,  -     , -     .    ( 1688  1713 )        .  , ,                 .     ,    .       .

    XIV         -  ;         -.  -       , ,    1550- ,       ,        ,     [77 - G.C.Gibbs. The Revolution in Foreign Policy (..    ), : Geoffrey Holmes, ed. Britain after the Glorious Revolution, 16891714 (     16891714 ). (London: Macmillan, 1969), p. 61.], ,        1930-  ,    .    ,          [78 - Winston S.Churchill. The Gathering Storm, The Second World War ( .  .   ), vol. 1 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1948), p. 208.].

        ,    ,          .      ,    ,            ,      , ,   ,    .          ,            .

            -   .   XVII      ,          .    ,     ,   ,    .      ,   - , ,  - .

  ,   ,      ,   ,  ,     ,            .         ,       .         ,   [79 -   ()    1-  . . .], ,           .   ,              ,              ,      [80 -  : . , :    . . 62.].

      , ,            .    ,      ,   .                 .  ,      ,           ,  ,    .  , , ,      ,      .    ,     ,     ,  ,   .  ,          .   ,        ,              ,   ,  ,  .     ,       ,      ,               ,             .

 ,        1742  1744 ,          .                       ,        ,  ,        ,   ,          . ,   ,  ,         , ,    - ,       ,            ,      .   ,      ,      ,      .   , ,     ,      ,      ,       [81 - Speech by Secretary of State, Lord John Carteret, Earl of Granville, in the House of Lords, January, 27, 1744 (      ,  ,    27  1744 ), : Joel H.Wiener, ed. Great Britain: Foreign Policy and the Span of Empire, 16891971 (. :     . 16891971 ), vol. 1 (New York/London: Chelsea House in association with McGraw-Hill, 1972), p. 8486.].

          ,    ,   ,   ,          .              .       .             XX.    XVIII  XIX,    XX         ,         ,   .

     ,           .      ;          ; ,     1812  1821 ,      ,  , -  XIX,      .       ,             ,     ,          ,       .

 ,     ,     ,        .                XVIII  XIX,          .       ,    ,     [82 - .  . . 208.].

  XIX              .          ,      ,    ,   ,   XVIII   .   ,     ,       ,     .

   ,             ,       .           raison detat,   ,        .             ,        .         ,           .           . ,      ,    ,   ,         ,   .           ,     .  1807     -  ,    ,          .             .

        :     ,         .   XVIII     ;       ,  800   .   XVIII         ,     .         ,      .              .

                  .          ,  ,     ,        .       .                         I. , ,       .

 1804   I,   ,      -   ,    .       , I               .     ,        ,                 .                  .  ,         ,       ,       ,           .        ,    .

           ,           150 .          ,     ,        .   , ,     ,    ,      ,   ,         .  ,       -     -  .    ,   ,      ,                -   ,        .

  I    .        ,     ,       .                .                .

        ,            . (         ,  ,   ,     ,    ,         .)      ,            ,         [83 -   : Sir Charles Webster, ed. British Diplomacy 18131815  , . (   18131815 ). (London: G.Bell and Sons, 1921), p. 389ff.].

    , , ,     300               .      ,                .   ,        ,       .         .

      .    ,  , ,             ,    ,   ,   .               .     ,           ,           ,     .       -   ,                 ,         ,        .

  XVIII  XIX                .   ,   ,      ,           . ,   , ,   ,  -    .                ,      .    ,         - ,       . ,        -,     .   :                   .

                  ,     .     XVIII   XIX   ,              .            XVIII.        .

   ,        ,           .    ,       .        ;         . ,  ,    ; ,  ,   .

       ,    ,      ,    .




 4

   ,   


         ,        1814   ,      .                 .           .

      , ,     ,       .     ,            XVIII   ,           ,      .  I,          ,    .          .

   ,     .             .   40          ,     1854       60 .           ,      ,      ,  ,       .

  ,    ,          ,       ,        .        ,      ,         ,     .      ,           .      ,     .       .      ;        .  ,    ,      .                  ,        .            .      ,     .   ,          ,   ,         ,        XX       .

       .     ,    .   ,         ,             ,   .      ,    .      (    ).            ,      .     . (                   .)

                  ,     ,               .        ,       ,            ,            .            .     ,     ,     .

        ,             .          ,                             .

                   .  1806         .                      ,  ,    .

       .         ,            .  ,                   -      , ,        ,        .                     (      ).                   -  ,         .

       ,             .  ,   ,             :  ,      ,      ,  ,     .             ,      .     ,            ,    ,    1609 :  ,   , ,      ,       [84 - Sir Thomas Overbury. Observations on His Travels ( , .     ), : Stuart Tracts 16031693 (  , 16031693), edited by C.H.Firth (London: Constable, 1903), p. 227,  : Martin Wight. Power Politics ( .  ). (New York: Holmes and Meier, 1978), p. 173.].             ,   .

   ,                1600- .   ,       ,                  . ,  ,       ,    .       ,       ,   ,   ,     . 300          30      ,       [85 -   (. Deutscher Bund)       ,         1806    . . .].        ,     .         ,     ,   .             .         ,           .         .

    , ,   ,           ,     .       ,    ,   ,   ,    .      ,          .     .

   ,       ,    .      ,         ,           .          ,     ,      ,    .    ,    ,    ,    ,         ,  ,   . ,    ,     ,    :



   , ,      -   []         ,          ,           ,     ,          ,         [86 -     12  1815 , : Webster, ed. British Diplomacy 18131815 (   18131815 ), . 361362.]



 1818                ,         .

   ,         ,      - ,           .   ,        -    ,     .   , ,    ,    .

 ,     ,   .    ,     ,             .        ,    ,            .      ,             .          :



             .        ,              ,         [87 - , : Harold Nicolson. The Congress of Vienna ( .  ). (NewYork/San Diego/London: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, paper ed. 1974), p. 155.].



                 :    ,   , ,   ,   ,         軠 ,   .   XIX       ,     XX,          .           ,   ,            .           1918 , , ,         .

    ;        ,      II     .     ,                  .  1804              .  1815     ,        ,   ,         ,    11  .        .       ,     ,    ,  ,      ,    ,        ,        [88 - Wilhelm Schwarz. Die Heilige Alianz ( .  ). (Stuttgart, 1935), p. 52ff.].

  ,  ,     :      .    ,         ,   ,        ,              .          ,      ,              -  .           .

            ,             .          [89 -  : Asa Briggs. The Age of Improvement 17831867 ( .   . 17831867). (London: Longmans, 1959), p. 345.]. , ,           ,   ,         -  .         ,         ,               .     ,         ,   ,   .

       .         ,           .             ,              .

   , , ,            .  XVIII                  .                          ,      .

    ,  ,          .     ,           .               ,      .  ,     ,      .  ,          , ,   ,     .  ,   ,    .

                        .    ,      .       ,    . ,  ,    ,    ,    ,                . ,    ,    ,  ,   ,       . ,  ,     .       ,    ,       .     : ,       ,   ,       .         ,      ,   [90 - Klemens Metternich. Aus Metternichs Nachgelassenen Papieren ( .   ). 8vols., edited by Alfons von Klinkowstroem (Vienna, 1880), vol. VIII, p. 557.].

              ,          .         ,          ,     -   .       ,      ,    .  ,  ,     ,   15            ,  ,     ,       .

                .        ,         ,              .      ,        .      ,    ,      .  , ,           ,    ,      .        ,             ,   .       ,       ,     ,       ,       .

               .       ,         ,  ,         .        ,               .    I  I     ,        ,   ,         .       ,        -. , , ,       ,       ,       .

,          50 ,       13 ,       17 [91 -           : A World Restored: Metternich, Castlereagh and the Problems of Peace 18121822 ( : ,     . 18121822 ). (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1973 Sentry Edition).].      -  ,    .     ,       -,  -.      ,     1824 ,   (patrie)    [92 -  :  . . 321.].            .        .    ,        ,   ,         ,      .

        :      ,    ,   ,              [93 -  : Wilhelm Oncken. Osterreich und Preussen im Befreiungskriege ( .       ). 2vols. (Berlin, 1880), vol. II, p. 630ff.].  ,     ,  ,   ,   -  [94 - .  . .VIII. . 365.].

  ,      .       ,           ,        .    ,           ,              ,       .      ,       ,      ,     .    ,  ,        .         ,    ,    :    ,     :



 ()           .          ,      .        ;          .            .          ,                        腻[95 -  : .   . . I. . 439  .]



         ,         ,             .     I,        I.   ,        .     ,      [96 - .  . . I. . 316  .].

  ,   ,     ,  -         ,   ,    .     ,   ,           ,     ;  ,       .       ;         ,     ,        ,              腻[97 -  :  ,  .         18161826 . -, 1913. . 37  .]

   -   ,              .      ,    ,        ,            .   ,               .   ,     ,   ,        ,      ,          .      ,  ,        ,       ,        [98 -  : .  . . 234.].

   ,    .          ,       ,          .         ,    ,        .         .         - :       ,     .    ,     [99 -  : Alfred Stern. Geschichte Europas seit den Vertragen von 1815 bis turn Frankfurter Freiden von 1871 ( .     1815     1871 ). 10 vols. (Munich?  erlin, 191324), vol. I, p. 298.].    ,      ,           ,        .

      .        ,     ,   -   :        .     .       .            [100 -  : Hans Scmalz. Versuche einer Gesamteuropaischen Organisation, 18151820 ( .    , 18151820). (Bern, 1940), . 66.].             ,  , ,   ,       ,  ,   ,          .  , ,   .  -        ,    ,    ,             .

    ,       ,       ;     ,        ,   .                    ,   1815     ,      .

          ,      .           ,         .     ,       , , ,      .   ,    .

         ,        ,     .      ,  ,  ()   ,       ,                 .     ,       ;     ,      -     軅[101 - Lord Castlereaghs. Confidential State Paper, May 5, 1820 (, .     5  1820 ), : Sir A.W.Ward and G.P.Gooch, eds., The Cambridge History of British Foreign Policy, 17831919 (    , 17831919). (New York: Macmillan, 1923), vol. II (181566), p. 632.]          ,      .    .      ,         .

        ,  ,          . ,      ,                   . , ,     ,        ,     .        ,                ,           .            ,        100 ,          .

               [102 -    --,     ,       ,   . . .] 1818 .        :   [ ]    ,    ,  [ ]  ,            , .            ,       .       ,      ,             [103 - Viscount Castlereagh. Correspondence, Dispatches and Other Papers, 12 vols., (, . ,      12.,     ). (London, 184852), vol. XII, p. 394.].  ,      , ,   ,     :     .

     ,   ,       .     1821                  .       ,            ,          . ,          :      ,      ,         ,    养[104 -  : Sir Charles Webster. The Foreign Policy of Castlereagh ( , .   ). 2vols. (London, 1925 and 1931), vol. II, p. 366.]

     ,  ,    . ,              ,        .          ,         . ,  ,    ,   , ,           . ,      ,      ,   ;   ,     [105 -  : .   . . 346.].                ,   ,            .

            .  ,   ,         ,    ,         ,      .   ,     ,  ,           ,      -   ,     ,      .          ,         .  ,   ,     ,               -     .

             .  ,        :          1818 ,      ,     .          ,     1820   ,  1821      1822   .         ,        .           ,    .                        .

 ,    ,   ,    ,                .       ;      ,       .   ,  ,   ,         ,    ,        ,    .    , ,       ,  -          .   ,  ,            ,    ,      .

      ,     ,     .            ,     ;        ,         ,             .  ,           ,          ,       ,   ,     .             ,      .

         .       ,           .       ;              .            ,            .      -  ,            .

 ,  ,        ,   ,     ,    ,       .     ,    ,    ,      ,   ,      [106 -  : .   . .II. . 303  .].         ,       ,    .          5  1820 .  ,   ,            . , ,            ,      [107 - .     5  1820 , :  . .II. . 626627.].

           .        . ,       ,    ;         ; ,  ,     [108 -  : .  . . 311.].      .

               ,                     . ,       ,        ,   ,            .

      .  ,        ,        .        ,           -     ,      ,      .  , ,    ,       ,    , ,   ,      ,     -  ,      .

 -                 .          ,                .           ,    .   ,   ,      ,     ,           ,              .

      1848         ,              .  ,                       .         .       ,   ,         , ,   ,          ,    .        .

 ,          .  1854          .     ,  ,      ,    ,    ,     ,      ,  .

 1852    III,        ,          ,       ,      . I     ,  ,     ,         ,      .      ,      .  ,      XIX,           -        .        .  ,  ,    ,    ,     .       [109 -  : A.J.P.Taylor, The Struggle for Mastery in Europe 18481918 ( .. .     : 18481918). (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1955), p. 54.].    ,        ( ).

,       ,    :       .     .          -       .       .     .

  , ,   .              .            . III               .   - ,         .    ,             . -    ,    -  .

        .       ,    ,            .     ,                  .

   ,    .         ,      ,          .          ,            .            ,       .

  I     ,     .           ,      ,         .         ,         ,     .   ,                 .

,        50 ,   ,      ,                 .       (  ,    )         III,      ,  ,      .       ,        ,        .    ,     ,                        .

       ,    ,        .                  .    ,      ,       .     ,  ,      ,      .

                 ,    .          ,   ,      .    ,          .      ,      ,   .                .         ,    .    50 .          .

   -    ,    .   ,           ;           .   XIX     .  ,     ,    ,              .         ,   -    .

      ,  .                   .  ,   ,     ,      ,   ,    .  1821 ,    ,    ,        [110 - ,  : R.W.Seton-Watson, Britain in Europe, 17891914 (-..   , 17891914 ). (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1955), p. 74.]. ,  ,     ,       [111 -  .]. ,    ,        ,        , ,    ,         :    ,        ,   ,                   [112 -    28  1823 .  . . 119.].



 ,                      .      ,      ,    .

  1856       :      ,  ,     ,     ,             .           [113 -      20  1856 ,  : Harold Temperley and Lillian M.Penson, Foundations of British Foreign Policy from Pitt (1792) to Salisbury (1902) (    .       (1792 )   (1902 )). (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1938), p. 88.].             ,        ,   :      ,          -    [114 -  , , : -.   . . 1.].

          : , ,  ,   ,      .       ;           .        ,  .     ,      ,     ,         ,    ,      .   :   ,      [115 - , : .   . . 352.].

  ,         ,      ,      .           , ,   ,     -.    ,       ,    ,         .       ,    ,        .

          ,         ,     .     -       .               ,       ,       ,    .

    1841       -,                :



   ,                     ,   ,         ,     ,    ,         

        ,   ,    ,         .             ,           [116 -  6    (  -)  11  1841 , :   .   . . 136.]



              .  1841         :            ,              养[117 -  . . 137.]



  30             :



          ,     .          ,          ,      ,     -    酻[118 -    , 17  1869 , : Harold Nicolson. Diplomacy ( . ). (London: Oxford University Press, 1963), p. 137.]



   ,   ,  ,       . ,       ,     ,    ,      .        ,  ,   , ,     ,     , ,   ,              .    ,   ,     ,           .          ,         .         ,        (            ).

                     .   ,      ,         -  ,      ,    .               .        1830      ,        ,  ,   ,    ,    :           ;         [119 - , : .   . . 357.].

   , ,   ,  ,          .      ,    ,               .                .   , ,        ,      ,  ,        .

XIX    .           .     ,   -    .           .       XIX      ,  -    ,      .      1820-             -  ,            -   .   1840    ,   , , ,  -  .     1848  ,    ,      -.    1850-     ,   ,       .            ,    ,    ,  ,   .      ,     ,       .

                -    ,        .         ,   ,       ,     ,          .             ,       .          ,         .         .  ,        -       III       .  1870        :



    ,    ,     ,         ,       ,   ,       ,        .        -   [120 -      1  1870 , : Parliamentary Debates ( ). (Hansard), 3rd ser., vol. cciii (London: Cornelius Buck, 1870), col. 1289.]



         ,     ,   1914          .

    XIX      .  XVIII ,        ,      .           XIX,              .   1848      ,  :



        ,   ,     .      ,   ,         .    ,    ,   ,    ,              ,       ,            [121 -      21  1849 , :   .   . . 173.].



  1848     ,      ,              .

          . -            ,     ,             .     ,      .      ,                   ,  ,        .             ,  ,  ,        .

 XIX     ,          .   ,        ,       (),       [122 - , : .   . . 353.].  25         ,  ,        [123 -      31  1854 ,  : -.   . . 327.].     ,              .      ,          ,          .

   ,      ;         , ,               ,     , I  .           .     ,         ,            .

                .  1700          .       XVIII       ,    ;      .  XVIII ,  ,    ,        ;  ,    ,                  .   XIX  . ,  ,    ,     ,     ,    ,     .       ,     .

  ,        ,        .   ,                       -.  ,   ,   1870- ,  ,  , ,     ,     1880 .

              .         ,   .   ,     - , , ,     1848 ,       .        : ,   ,     ,        ,      [124 -      21  1849 , :   .   . . 176.].    ,   ,         .    XIX          ,      ,      .

             ,      ,      .          ;             .     ,    - ;  , ,  ,        -  .       -   ,         .

 1848                  ,        :  ,     ,        ,       [125 -  : :     , 16891971.].

    13       .  1841         :      ?  ,     ,  ,      ,    ,            .      ,            .            ,      ,       [126 - , 30  1841 , : -.   . . 221.].



     ,      .                    . ,   ,      ,         ,       .            .  15  ,    ,     .




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/genri-kissindzher/diplomatiya/)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


Robert W.Tucker and David C.Hendrickson. Thomas Jefferson and American Foreign Policy, ( .  .      ). Foreign Affairs, vol. 69, no. 2 (Spring 1990), . 148.

(       ,    ,         . . .)




2


Thomas G.Paterson, J.Garry Clifford and Kenneth J.Hagan. American Foreign Policy. A History ( .,  .   .   . ). (Lexington, Mass.: D.C.Heath, 1977), . 60.




3


  .  . . 140.  : Letters and Other Writings of James Madison. (     ). (Philadelphia: J.B.Lippincott, 1865), vol. IV, . 49192.




4


   : William A.Williams (eds.). The Shaping of American Diplomacy (  ). (Chicago: Rand McNally, 1956), vol. I, . 122.




5


    17  1796 ,  : Senate Document 3, 102nd Cong., 1st sess. (  3,     102- ). (Washington, D.C.: U.S.Government Printing Office, 1991), . 24.




6


  -    2  1790 , : Paul Leicester Ford, ed. The Writings of Jefferson ( ). (New York: G.P.Putnams Sons, 189299), vol. V, p. 153,  :   .  . . 139.




7


Thomas Paine. Rights of Man (1791) ( .  ). (Secaucus, N. J.: Citadel Press, 1974), p. 147.




8


Alexander Hamilton. The Federalist 6 ( . . 6), : Edward Mead Earle, ed. The Federalist. (New York: Modern Library, 1941), p. 3031.




9


     6  1801 , : Adriennnne Koch and William Peden, eds. The Life and Selected Writings of Thomas Jefferson (     ). (New York: Modern Library, 1944), p. 561.




10


     19  1802 , : Ford, ed.  , vol. VIII, p. 158159,  : Robert W.Tucker and David .Hendrickson. Empire of Liberty: The Statecraft of Thomas Jefferson (  .  :    ). (New York/Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990), p. 11.




11


  .  . . 141.




12


  .  4  1821 , : Walter LaFeber, ed. John Quincy Adams and American Continental Empire ( .       ). (Chicago: Times Books, 1965), p. 45.




13


    , 2  1823 , : Ruhl Bartlett, ed. The Record of American Diplomacy (  ). (New York: Alfred A.Knopf, 1956), p. 182.




14


 .




15


     4  1845 , : The Presidents Speak ( ), annot. by David Newton Lott. (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1969), p. 95.




16


 : Williams, Shaping of American Diplomacy, vol. 1, p. 315 (.   . . I. . 315).




17


.: Paul Kennedy. The Rise and Fall of Great Powers ( .     ). (New York: Random House, 1987), p. 201 and p. 242ff; : Fareed Zakaria. The Rise of a Great Power, National Strength, State Structure, and Americam Foreign Policy 18651908 (unpublished doctoral thesis, Harvard University, 1992), chapter 3, p. 4ff. ( .   ,  ,      , 18651908 , . 3. . 4 .), (  ,  , 1992).




18


,  . . 78.




19


 . . 71.




20


  . . 189.




21


      6  1904 , : Bartlett, ed. The Record of American Diplomacy, p. 539 (  ).




22


   , 1902 , . : John Morton Blum. The Republican Roosevelt (  .  ). (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1967), p. 127.




23


    (5:5) :  ,    . (.  .) . .




24


 . . 137.




25


     3  1914 , : Elting E.Morison, ed. The Letters of Theodore Roosevelt (  ). (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1954), vol. VIII, p. 82425.




26


.  . . 131.




27


Selections from the Correspondence of Theodore Roosevelt and Henry Cabot Lodge, 18841918 (       , 18841918 ), ed. by Henry Cabot Lodge and Charles E.Redmond. (New York/London: Charles Scribners Sons, 1925), vol. II, p. 162.




28


.  . . 135.




29


 . . 134.




30


 : John Milton Cooper, Jr. Pivotal Decades: The United States, 19001920 (-.  .  .    19001920 , (New York/London: W.W.Norton, 1990), p. 103.




31


.  . . 134.




32


 : Outlook, vol. 107 (August 22, 1914), p. 1012.




33


    3  1914 , : Morison, ed. Letters of Theodor Roosevelt (  ), p. 823.




34


    -  3  1914 .  . . 821.




35


     4  1914 , : Robert Endicott Osgood. Ideals and Self-Interest in Americas Foreign Relations (  .        ). (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1953), . 137.




36


 .           2  1913 , : ArthurS. Link, ed. The Papers of Woodrow Wilson (  ). (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1966) Vol. 29, p. 4.




37


  ,  1914 ,  : .    . . 144.




38


 .           8  1914 , : Link, ed. The Papers of Woodrow Wilson, (  ) vol. 31, p. 423.




39


 . . 422.




40


 .        - 13  1916 , :  . . 37. . 212  .




41


 .    -   5  1917 , :  . . 42. . 453.




42


 .           7  1915 , :  . . 35. . 297.




43


 .    ,  ,  , 24  1919 , :  . . 63. . 474.




44


 .        2  1917 , :  . . 41. . 526527.




45


 . . 523.




46


 .      22  1917 , :  . . 40. . 536.




47


Selig Adler. The Isolacionist Impulse: Its Twentieth-Century Reaction (London/New York: Abelard Schuman, 1957), ( .  :     XX). p. 36.




48


  (18541942),    ,      1892  1920 ,         (19121913),   (19211925)    (19251929). . .




49


 .




50


 .  2  1917 , : Link, ed. The Papers of Woodrow Wilson (  ) vol. 41, p. 519ff.




51


 .   24  1919 , :  . . 55. . 242243.




52


 .  22  1917 , :  . . 40. . 536537.




53


.   (#litres_trial_promo).




54


 .      ( )    30  1919 , :  . . 59. . 608609.




55


 .       27  1916 , :  . . 37. . 113  .




56


 . -  4  1918 , :  . . 48. . 516.




57


 .        14  1919 , :  . . 55. . 175.




58


     19  1918 , :   . .VIII. . 1400.




59


      (   ), 6  1918 , :  . . 14131414.




60


Louis Auchincloss. Richelieu ( . ). (New York: Viking Press, 1972), p. 256.




61


: Quellenbuch zur Osterreichische Geschichte (  ), vol. II, edited by Otto Frass. (Vienna: Birken Verlag, 1959), p. 100.




62


 .




63


 .




64


 .




65


Joseph Strayer, Hans Gatzke, and E.Harris Harbison. The Mainstream of Civilization Since 1500 ( ,     ..       1500 ). (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1971), p. 420.




66


 : Carl J.Burchardt. Richelieu and His Age ( .    ),      (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1970), vol. III, Power Politics and the Cardinals Death, p. 61.




67


 . . 122.




68


Jansenius. Mars Gallicus (.  ), : William F.Church. Richelieu and Reason of State ( .      ). (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1972), p. 388.




69


Reductio ad absurdum       ,    . . .




70


Daniel de Priezak. Defence des Droits et Prerogatives des Roys de France (  .      ), :  . . 398.




71


Mathieu de Morgues. Catholicon francois, treatise of 1636 (  .  .  1636 ), :  . . 376.




72


Albert Sorel. Europe Under the Old Regime (C .    ), : Francis H.Herrick. (Los Angeles: Ward Ritchie Press, 1947), . 10.




73


: F.H.Hinsley. Power and the Pursuit of Peace (.X.     ). (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1963), p. 16263.




74


 . . 162.




75


 . . 166.




76


 : Gordon A.Craig and Allexander L.George, Force and Statecraft ( .  .     ). (New York/Oxford: Oxdord University Press, 1983), p. 20.




77


G.C.Gibbs. The Revolution in Foreign Policy (..    ), : Geoffrey Holmes, ed. Britain after the Glorious Revolution, 16891714 (     16891714 ). (London: Macmillan, 1969), p. 61.




78


Winston S.Churchill. The Gathering Storm, The Second World War ( .  .   ), vol. 1 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1948), p. 208.




79


  ()    1-  . . .




80


 : . , :    . . 62.




81


Speech by Secretary of State, Lord John Carteret, Earl of Granville, in the House of Lords, January, 27, 1744 (      ,  ,    27  1744 ), : Joel H.Wiener, ed. Great Britain: Foreign Policy and the Span of Empire, 16891971 (. :     . 16891971 ), vol. 1 (New York/London: Chelsea House in association with McGraw-Hill, 1972), p. 8486.




82


.  . . 208.




83


  : Sir Charles Webster, ed. British Diplomacy 18131815  , . (   18131815 ). (London: G.Bell and Sons, 1921), p. 389ff.




84


Sir Thomas Overbury. Observations on His Travels ( , .     ), : Stuart Tracts 16031693 (  , 16031693), edited by C.H.Firth (London: Constable, 1903), p. 227,  : Martin Wight. Power Politics ( .  ). (New York: Holmes and Meier, 1978), p. 173.




85


  (. Deutscher Bund)       ,         1806    . . .




86


    12  1815 , : Webster, ed. British Diplomacy 18131815 (   18131815 ), . 361362.




87


, : Harold Nicolson. The Congress of Vienna ( .  ). (NewYork/San Diego/London: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, paper ed. 1974), p. 155.




88


Wilhelm Schwarz. Die Heilige Alianz ( .  ). (Stuttgart, 1935), p. 52ff.




89


 : Asa Briggs. The Age of Improvement 17831867 ( .   . 17831867). (London: Longmans, 1959), p. 345.




90


Klemens Metternich. Aus Metternichs Nachgelassenen Papieren ( .   ). 8vols., edited by Alfons von Klinkowstroem (Vienna, 1880), vol. VIII, p. 557.




91


          : A World Restored: Metternich, Castlereagh and the Problems of Peace 18121822 ( : ,     . 18121822 ). (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1973 Sentry Edition).




92


 :  . . 321.




93


 : Wilhelm Oncken. Osterreich und Preussen im Befreiungskriege ( .       ). 2vols. (Berlin, 1880), vol. II, p. 630ff.




94


.  . .VIII. . 365.




95


 : .   . . I. . 439  .




96


.  . . I. . 316  .




97


 :  ,  .         18161826 . -, 1913. . 37  .




98


 : .  . . 234.




99


 : Alfred Stern. Geschichte Europas seit den Vertragen von 1815 bis turn Frankfurter Freiden von 1871 ( .     1815     1871 ). 10 vols. (Munich?  erlin, 191324), vol. I, p. 298.




100


 : Hans Scmalz. Versuche einer Gesamteuropaischen Organisation, 18151820 ( .    , 18151820). (Bern, 1940), . 66.




101


Lord Castlereaghs. Confidential State Paper, May 5, 1820 (, .     5  1820 ), : Sir A.W.Ward and G.P.Gooch, eds., The Cambridge History of British Foreign Policy, 17831919 (    , 17831919). (New York: Macmillan, 1923), vol. II (181566), p. 632.




102


   --,     ,       ,   . . .




103


Viscount Castlereagh. Correspondence, Dispatches and Other Papers, 12 vols., (, . ,      12.,     ). (London, 184852), vol. XII, p. 394.




104


 : Sir Charles Webster. The Foreign Policy of Castlereagh ( , .   ). 2vols. (London, 1925 and 1931), vol. II, p. 366.




105


 : .   . . 346.




106


 : .   . .II. . 303  .




107


.     5  1820 , :  . .II. . 626627.




108


 : .  . . 311.




109


 : A.J.P.Taylor, The Struggle for Mastery in Europe 18481918 ( .. .     : 18481918). (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1955), p. 54.




110


,  : R.W.Seton-Watson, Britain in Europe, 17891914 (-..   , 17891914 ). (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1955), p. 74.




111


 .




112


   28  1823 .  . . 119.




113


     20  1856 ,  : Harold Temperley and Lillian M.Penson, Foundations of British Foreign Policy from Pitt (1792) to Salisbury (1902) (    .       (1792 )   (1902 )). (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1938), p. 88.




114


 , , : -.   . . 1.




115


, : .   . . 352.




116


 6    (  -)  11  1841 , :   .   . . 136.




117


 . . 137.




118


   , 17  1869 , : Harold Nicolson. Diplomacy ( . ). (London: Oxford University Press, 1963), p. 137.




119


, : .   . . 357.




120


     1  1870 , : Parliamentary Debates ( ). (Hansard), 3rd ser., vol. cciii (London: Cornelius Buck, 1870), col. 1289.




121


     21  1849 , :   .   . . 173.




122


, : .   . . 353.




123


     31  1854 ,  : -.   . . 327.




124


     21  1849 , :   .   . . 176.




125


 : :     , 16891971.




126


, 30  1841 , : -.   . . 221.


