  .  
 


 
   .           .               ,           ,        ,        .

    XIX .      ,    ,       -  ,        1946 .   , , ,       ,   1990- .





 

  :  







   


  1988.            .         ,      ,       [1 -      , 7  1988.].        .      ,     ,         ,              :  ,    ,          . ,     ,   ,   ,      .         ,      .       [2 - PrestonA. The politics of Realism and Religion: Christian Responses to Bushs New World Order, Diplomatic History, 34:1 (Jan. 2010), 95-118.].



 ,        ,     .            ,   .     .    1991.             .        ,       ,       .    ,       ,   ,       [3 - BarkunM. A Culture of Conspiracy: Apocalyptic Visions in Contemporary America (Berkeley, 2003), 3978;        .     .: SuggJ. A Nation under God, Mother Jones, Dec. 2005.].

                .  ,   1940.,         ,       .         ,   ,  .       ,    , .     2000.        .  ,  ,  ,     .

    ,     0,4% .                      .   -      .      ͻ,       2003.,     .  ,   ,     ,         ,    -.       ,      ,        [4 - HughesT.L. The Twilight of Internationalism, Foreign Policy (1985-86), 2846; PerleR. Thank God for the death of the UN, Guardian, 20 March 2003.].

     ,              .      ,          .    :             .      ,   ,     ,    . (      .)  100             ,    ,     1930- .,     .  ,  ,      ,      .

             .            ,          .    ,      XX .             ,       ,     XX .,       .    ,               ,              .         .          ,     .

   ,  ,         .   ,   ,     ,      ,   .              ,     ,        . ,      , ,          ,  ,  ,       .

      ,                    .              .,     ,  ,       .     ,     ,   ,             ,     .  XIX. , ,            ,         ;          .                ,        , ,    XX .,        , ,   ,        .  ,     ,     ,  -,         .


* * *

   XIX.,    ,           ,     .            ,           ,    .         .       ,  ,      XIX.,   . ,   ,     ,          ,    (   )  ,    ,    ,      .   ,        ,      ,  ,     . ,   ,     ;  ,  , ,      .            .           .     ,        ,   .  ,     ,    ,   ,  .  ,    ,    ,    ,         .   ,                ,    ,              .

     ;   ,  ,        -  .    ,  ,    ,  .        ,      ,    ,  ,     ,   .     ,     .      ,   ,      , ,     ,   ,   ;   ,            ,        ,   -  .  ,           ,        ,    ,   .

 ,          1918.,   ,        , , ,     .   ,    ,        ;           . ,         ,    ;         ,         .      ,      :   ,    .     XX .,   ,   ,       ,       .     1918.    ;    1945.,   .  ,          ,         .     ,             .           ,       .              ,            ,     ,        .          ,     .

         ,          .         ;                  .      ,       2009.       ,          컠               ,      ,    [5 - Davies G.Washington, 16 Oct. 2009,   http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/julian-borger-global-securityblog/2010/nov/30/iaea-wikileaks (http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/julian-borger-global-securityblog/2010/nov/30/iaea-wikileaks).].      ,        . ,        ,          ,       .

           :  ,      ,       .             ;           1970- .      ,        .               1945.           ,    .                  1946  1949.,     ,       .        : 19501960- .,     ,  19801990- .,     (         ,         ,          ).   ,        ,            .    ,      .             ,    XX .               .        ,   -,  ,     ,      ,    .      (,   ),    ,     ,   , ,   ,           ,   ( , ,     ),  ,           ,         ,   .         ,              .

 ,      , -   .        ,        .              ,           .      ,   , ,   ,      , ,    ,         .         ,             .              ,      ,    .   ,   ,     ,       .   ?      ?      ?              , ,   ,     .


* * *

       .              ;                  ,      .       ,    ,    :   ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,     .         (       ),  ,   ,  ,  , - ,  ,  ,  ,  ,     . ,            :  ,  ,     .          ,    ,      ,      ,  ,    ,  ,  ,      ,      .             ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,     .              ,  ,  ,  ,  , - ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,   ,  ,     .       ,          .         .       ,   ,            :  ,       ,       .     :           ,   .



-, 
15  2012.




 I

 





 1

  


         ,    ,   ,  -    .

  (1867)[6 -   Curti M.Francis Lieber and Nationalism, Huntington Library Quarterly, 4:3 (April 1941), 263292.]

     .    ,        ,        ,       .  imperium        .  ,         ;            .     ,       ,   ,  ,  ,   (  : 8. /. .. .: , 1959. . 5).

    ,        ,  ,        .

        ,   .     ,    ,      ,   ,   ,       ,    .  ,          .     ,    ,         ,     .       ,       ,      ,    ,  [7 - Book of Isaiah, esp. chapters 6466.].

,    ,       ,     ?            ,      ,       .         ,     ,        .  ,     ,    ?  XVI  XVII.    ,    ; XVIII.      ,    ,   ,     .    ,      ,     ,  ,   ,   ,        ,         .    ,  ,     ,    .              ,         :         ,    ,         .        ,        [8 - ArchibugiD. Methods of international organization in perpetual peace projects, Review of International Studies, 18:4 (Oct. 1992), 295317. The essential reference work in: Hinsley F.H.Power and the Pursuit of Peace: Theory and Practice in the History of Relations between States (Cambridge, 1967).].

                   .  ,        ,        ,   ,      .          ,         ,        .      .     ,    ,  ,         ,     [9 - Nekhimovsky I. The Ignominious Fall of the European Commonwealth: Gentz, Hauterive, and the debate of 1800.].    , , ,        .      ,          :   ,    ,          .                 ,   , ,   ,   ,         ,    ,     ,  .  ,   XIX.   ,              ,               ,    .


* * *

          1795.          ,    II,   ,            .     ,      ,      ,   ,     .      ,     XVIII.          .                 ,           ,   .

  1990- .        ,     ,             .             ,          ,       ,           .    ,    ,   ,          ,          . ,    ,         ,         .   ,  ,     ,   ,        ,   . ,    ,      .

             ,       ,   ,     ,       .    ,      :



 ,                :  ,         , ,      ,        .                       ,          (   ) ,          (,  )  ,        . ,      ,     ,    in hypothesi ,   in thesi.       ,  (    )    ,  ,    ,          , ,    [10 - .    // : 6. ., 1966. . 6. . 274].



,  , ,  ,  ,    ,     , ,   ,    ,             .    ,      ;          .  ,      ,       ,       :            ,      ,        ,   (    ).     ,             ,            ,     .  ,        ,    ,     ,     ,    ,        ,       XVIII.,    ,         ,       . , ,         ,       ,      ,     .

         .          ,       .            , ,   ,   ,     ,             . ,   ,     ; ,              -    .                    ,   ,          ,     .         .  ,   1799.,  ,       ,      ,             .   ,        ,   ,    ,     . ,    ,  ,         . ,        .      ,   .    ,     ,  .    ,            ,     .     .           ,     ?

,    ,    ,        ,   ,   .   ,         ,                   .                         ,       [11 - Burns J.T.Bentham and the French Revolution, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 16 (1966), 95-114.].        ,           .  ,          ,        .

   ,         ,     ,        , ,   ,       [12 - Miles A.Blackstone and his American legacy, Australia and New Zealand Journal of Law and Education (2000), 57.].     ,    .   ,    1775.,          ,    ,   . ,    ,  ,            ,     - .  ,      ,        .                    ,       .

          .   ,                         ,    养    .     ,         .  ,        ,           .      ,    :  ,         ,       ,      ,        .   ,       (internal, .)   .  ,       ,    :

 ,  ,  , ,   ,     .        ,       ;   , ,    ,         [13 - Bentham. An Introduction, 326, note 1.].



         ,       :   ,             ,     ,   (,  ),  ,   .         ,       軠  ,       .     , ,      ,            ,    .

              : ,           ,       ,  .     ,  ,  ,        .   ,  ,     ,        ?                 .    , ,   ,               , ,       .

         ,      ,     ,            (            ).       ,    (    )           .                [14 - Janis M.W.Jeremy Bentham and the Fashioning of International Law, American Journal of International Law, 78:2 (April 1984), 405418.].

 40            .        ,        .       ,    1823.,    ,     .         :          ,    -            ,    .         ,       ,   ,            ,      . ,       ,        ,      ,   .

 ,    ,           ,    .                , ,   ,     :            .   ,              ,      .  ,  ,    ,     ,         .       : , ,     ,                  . ,      ,      [15 - Abbe de Pradt. The Congress of Vienna (Philadelphia, 1816), 3242, 202215.].

            ,   ,    ,     , ,     , ,        .      ,    (             ),       ,       ,     ,   ,    .        ,      ,     1823.,       .        ,     ,         ,            .   ,             .  1848.       ,      ,     .   -II      ,        .        [16 - The Literary Gazette for the Year 1823 (London, 1823);    .: Paulmann J.Searching for a Royal International: the Mechanics of Monarchical Relations in Nineteenth-Century Europe; GeyerM., PaulmannJ., eds. The Mechanics of Internationalism: Culture, Society and Politics from the 1840s to the First World War (Oxford, 2001), 145177, P. 167.].       :    ,         . ,          ,        ,            .


* * *

 ,          (       ),     ( )   .   1834.              [17 - ClarkeI.F. The Pattern of Expectation, 16442001 (London, 1979), ch. 3.].         XX .                    ,       .      ( ,   , ,     )     ,         ,     .

       :    ,       ,     ,       .             .           (   )  ,         ,      .

       ,  ,        ,  2440   - ,   1771.       , ,    ,     ,    ,    -.            ,    .  ,    1770-  1830-  ,       ,    ,      ,    ,      [18 - BodinF. Le roman de lavenir (Paris, 1834).       .    Brian Stapleford: Felix Bodin. The Novel of the Future (Encino, California, 2008).].    .     -  ,    ,          ,      .    !        1839.,              1848.           ,         ,      ,      XIX.      ,  ,      .  ,      ,  .        ,   ,   ,       ,       .          ,      -[19 -  , Belich J.Replenishing the Earth: the Settler Revolution and the Rise of the Anglo-World, 17831939 (Oxford, 2009), chs. 67.].

      ,      ;           .      ,   , ,   ,      ,   ,         .         ,       ,       ,  , , ,   ,   -     ,      ; 1888.     ,        .          ,    ,      ,   ,       .        ,   ,    XX . ,    ,       ,   ,       ,   ,      ,        ,   .     ,        ,          ,          XIX.         .      ,    ,          ,            [20 - .   :  1870-       ;     . The Idea of Greater Britain: Empire and the Future of World Order, 18601900 (Princeton, 2007), 64.].

      [21 - . . 4.].   ,         1889.,  -    , ,   ,       ,    ,   ,  ,  ,          ,     [22 - Bell, op. cit, 90.].         ,  ,              .       :      ,       (      ),             .    , ,   ,          .        ,     - . ,   .,         ,         .        ,                 .           ,   1890.    .          ,     ,   ,             1896.[23 -     . Armytage W. H. G. Yesterdays Tomorrows: A Historical Survey of Future Societies (London, 1968), 3639.]

                ,           ,      .       ,    ,   ,      ,          ,  .

          , ,     ..       ,           -.      ,   ,      ,     1892.,       .    ,  ,         -   .      ,     ,    .      ,      (     );         ,         .            ,          . , ,   ,   ,       ,      .

 ,         ,      ,      ,    ,    .  -        ( ,  ,  ),   :

 ,   ,  ,                    .  ?



  ,   :

      ,     .    ,   ,      ,    .    ?



   .          ,   ,     .

   ,  ,   .  ,    ,          ,                      .  ,          ,   !  ,       ,     !..           .  ,    ,    ,  ,     .   ;    ,      .             [24 - GriffthG. The Angel of the Revolution. A Tale of the Coming Terror (London, 1893), ch. 48: The Ordering of Europe.].



   ,    ,     ,      ,     .   ,      .         ,        .

           ,           .          ,      .         ,  ,              ,   ,  -       ,                .      ,     .        ,      ,     .    ,   ,  :  ,       ;        (   :    ,    ),     ,        ;   ,    .                 ,     .

     ,   XIX.     ( ,       ),     ,                ,          , ,    .  ,          ,     ,    .         :  XIX.           .




 2

  


		,       ,
		     ,
		,        
		(    );
		   ?     
		 ?
		   ?   !
		 ,   ,
		  ,     

   [25 - . ..]


 

 ,      ,      ,   ,    -  ,    ,   ,        ?[26 - WrefordS. Peace (London, 1851), 3435.].       ,             ,   ,     .               ,   ,    ,      ,        1815.,  [27 - ReichJ. The Slave Trade at the Congress of Vienna  a Study in British Public Opinion, Journal of Negro History, 53:2 (April 1968), 129143.].

        .              ,      1816.        , ,     ,      .           ,              ,       .               .       ,    ,  ,           .      ,   ,       .      :           32    .    ,             .       ,    ,     ,          ,    ,   .     ,  ,        .  ,           [28 - Philo Pacifcus. A Solemn Review of the Custom of War, showing that War is the Effect of Popular Delusion (Cambridge, Mass., 1816), 3536; SagerE. The social origins of Victorian pacifsm, Victorian Studies, 23:2 (Winter, 1980), 211236; Tyrrell A.Making the millennium: the Md-Nineteenth Century Peace Movement, HJ, 21:1 (March 1978), 7595.].

        ,   ,      ,     ,         ,   .  1843.          .         ,         ,      ,     1919.  ,  -                   [29 - Ibid., 86.].    ,   .                 .     ,       ,          ,          ,   [30 - CurtiM. American Peace Crusade, 18151860 (1929), esp. 137138.].

   , -  , ,   50 ,      .  ,      黠     ,                 1846.          .         ;          .      30             .   ,     ,         ,   ,  ,   . ,  ,            .

         ,    .     1840- .,   ,     ,     .   ,    1849.               ,      ,  .        ;          .   ,          ,        ,    ,             ,       .   ,       ,      ,       [31 - HendersonG. The pacifists of the Fifties, Journal of Modern History, 9:3 (Sept. 1937), 314341, P. 319.].

            ,         1848.,      1849.      .   ,   ,    -,         .            ,      ( ,      ).  ,   1815. , ,        ,            [32 - BrownW.W. Three Years in Europe, or Places I have Seen and People I have Met (London, 1852), 5059.].

         -   :   ,  ,   ,     ,                 ,               ,    .      ,          .  ,   ,     :       ,   ,      ![33 - BrownW.W. The American Fugitive in Europe (Boston and New York, 1855), 5859.]



             .        ,  -  .       ,      ?  .       ,            .           .                 ,         ,    ,             .            ,              ,        .     ,  ,    .         .      ,          ,                      .       ,   70   ,       ,    .

        ,    :     ,        ,      1846.       ?  1849.          ,          ,           .     ,       ,     .      ,        ,     .  ,        ,     ,          :               .

    .            ,    ;         .  1851.   :            -    ,        .         ,    ;      ,        ,       ,       ,      1520      [34 - BrownW.W. Op. cit, 219226.].

        , ,      XIX.           , ,   , ,       .    ,           ,           .   ,   ,          ,       -           .               ,        [35 - Greeley H.Glances at Europe: in a Series of Letters from Great Britain, France, Italy, Switzerland etc. during the Summer of 1851 (New York, 1851), 280281.].

 ,     ,    ,      1853.                .  1857.     ,                  .

 , ,   ,      . ,   1853  1871.,     ,       ,     ,   ,      ,                     .        ,          :       .


 

 1847.     ,    ,    ,      .        .        ,   ,           .      , ,   ,    ;         .        ,   ,           ,     .                .

          ,            ,       ,               .   1840- .     (   ,   )                           .          ,         ,          . ,    ,      ,     ,        [36 - Peel cited in: HoweA. Free trade and global order: the rise and fall of a Victorian vision, in: Bell D., ed. Victorian Visions of Global Order (CUP, 2007), 26.].

     1847.             .   , ,     ,          .               ,          .      ,     .                .

74-                    ,       .  ,     ,        ,          .       ,      .        ,    ,       ,     ,      . , ,      .          ,      ,         - ,   .     ,   

,     , ,     ,   ,    ,    ,    .       ,         ,          [37 - Cited in: Hobson J.A.Cobden: the International Man (London, 1919), 50.].



 ⻠   ,         ,     ,    , ,     .       ,  ,     (  ),      :       ,        .            ,              ,     ,    .  ,     ,      .       .        ,     .                  .   ,       ,       ,     .   ,       ,       ,   .

                  ,       , ,   ,             .                 .     ,   ,    .     ,     ,       ,         ,    ,   ,          .      ,        ,         ,  ,   ,   ,        .   ,    ,      , ,     ,   .        [38 - Howe, 27.].

    ,      .       ,     XVIII.    ,              ,       .     :  -        .             ,    :     ,           ,    ,                 .             .      ,  ,   ,   ,     .           .        1814.       ,           .               ,   [39 - Benjamin Constant.].

       ,   ,            XIX.      .      ,     (   ),  .     ,   ,    ,      ,     .          . ,     ,       ,           ,    ,        .

   ,      ,          ,   .           1843.  :    ?..   ,  ;      ,  ,  ,  ,      ,    [40 - Ibid., 38.].   ,     ,    ,                 ,          :

        .  ,  ,      ,       ;    ,               [41 - Ricardo cited in: Cain P. Capitalism, war and internationalism in the thought of Richard Cobden, British Journal of International Studies, 5 (1979), 229247, P. 231.].



            ,      1847.   ,       ,            :   . ,          ,        ,       ,   [42 - Maynard, 226.].

    1851.,        ,       ,        ,   ,   ,   .     ,      ,      ,  ,   ,     ,    ,      .

    ,           :         .           ,  ,    ,        .     :         , ,      ,         .         ,   1860.,  ,     60 ,         ,   -    XX .          ,      .   1860- .           ,          [43 - LevittJ. An Essay on the Best Way of Developing Improved Political and Commercial Relations between Great Britain and the United States of America (London, 1869), 5559.].

      .  ,  ,          1867.,           .   ,  ,       ,                , ,        ,   ,    ,    ,  ,  ,  ,   ,     ,    .      ,            :   ,         ,      ,        ,      ,      ,     ,   ,     .        [44 - Lord Hobart. The mission of Richard Cobden, Macmillans Magazine, 15 (January 1867), 177186.].

 ,   ,  ,             .   ,    ,   ,           . ,           ,   ,        ,       .      ,    :           .   ,  ,  ,       ,      ,            ,      ,    .       ,          ,  ,                      .                ,    ,       ,   ,     1919.   ,     ,            . ,    ,                .               .          ,    .      ,         ,      ,   .   ,  ,   ,         ,  ,  ,   ,    ,  .    ,           :   , ,        .                    ,        ,    ,       [45 - CobdenR. The balance of power.].

               ,  .       ,     ,     ,   .   ,   ,    ?   .        ,       .     ,           .      ,         .        ,          ,        ,  .    1850- .      .         ,  .     .  ,   ( ,    ),   .    - ,        .   ,              .      -   ,   -        .        .     ,   ,     [46 - Hobson, Cobden, 115; Disraeli and Aberdeen cited in Henderson, 326.].

         .        1875.       .          ,    ,   , ,   .         1871.        1882.       .       ,    .     .      ,  ,       .     ,    ,          ,     ,     ,       ,      .  ,    ,     ,      18401850- .,    .          ,                   1980- .


  

     ,    ,  .                    .      :               .  1919.      ,            .        ,          .   ,  ,        ,       . ,   ,    (18051872)     ,  ,    ,     .

      ,      :         -          .  ,    ,   -              ,   .         ,         .

           . -              ,     .       .      ,    1832.,   ,    ,      .    ,    ,       .             ,  ,       ,    [47 - MazziniG. On the Superiority of Representative Government [1832] in: RecchiaS., UrbinatiN., eds. A Cosmopolitanism of Nations: Giuseppe Mazzinis Writings on Democracy, Nation Building and International Relations (Princeton, 2009), 4344.].

   ,  -    ,      .      ,     ,     ,  ,        ,  ,      ,  .          .      .  ,   ,         .  ,  ,      .         ,       ,        .      ,           .        ,      .  ,  ,       ,   .                   ,    ,     .




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/mark-mazover/vlast-nad-mirom-istoriya-idei/)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


     , 7  1988.




2


PrestonA. The politics of Realism and Religion: Christian Responses to Bushs New World Order, Diplomatic History, 34:1 (Jan. 2010), 95-118.




3


BarkunM. A Culture of Conspiracy: Apocalyptic Visions in Contemporary America (Berkeley, 2003), 3978;        .     .: SuggJ. A Nation under God, Mother Jones, Dec. 2005.




4


HughesT.L. The Twilight of Internationalism, Foreign Policy (1985-86), 2846; PerleR. Thank God for the death of the UN, Guardian, 20 March 2003.




5


Davies G.Washington, 16 Oct. 2009,   http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/julian-borger-global-securityblog/2010/nov/30/iaea-wikileaks (http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/julian-borger-global-securityblog/2010/nov/30/iaea-wikileaks).




6


  Curti M.Francis Lieber and Nationalism, Huntington Library Quarterly, 4:3 (April 1941), 263292.




7


Book of Isaiah, esp. chapters 6466.




8


ArchibugiD. Methods of international organization in perpetual peace projects, Review of International Studies, 18:4 (Oct. 1992), 295317. The essential reference work in: Hinsley F.H.Power and the Pursuit of Peace: Theory and Practice in the History of Relations between States (Cambridge, 1967).




9


Nekhimovsky I. The Ignominious Fall of the European Commonwealth: Gentz, Hauterive, and the debate of 1800.




10


.    // : 6. ., 1966. . 6. . 274




11


Burns J.T.Bentham and the French Revolution, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 16 (1966), 95-114.




12


Miles A.Blackstone and his American legacy, Australia and New Zealand Journal of Law and Education (2000), 57.




13


Bentham. An Introduction, 326, note 1.




14


Janis M.W.Jeremy Bentham and the Fashioning of International Law, American Journal of International Law, 78:2 (April 1984), 405418.




15


Abbe de Pradt. The Congress of Vienna (Philadelphia, 1816), 3242, 202215.




16


The Literary Gazette for the Year 1823 (London, 1823);    .: Paulmann J.Searching for a Royal International: the Mechanics of Monarchical Relations in Nineteenth-Century Europe; GeyerM., PaulmannJ., eds. The Mechanics of Internationalism: Culture, Society and Politics from the 1840s to the First World War (Oxford, 2001), 145177, P. 167.




17


ClarkeI.F. The Pattern of Expectation, 16442001 (London, 1979), ch. 3.




18


BodinF. Le roman de lavenir (Paris, 1834).       .    Brian Stapleford: Felix Bodin. The Novel of the Future (Encino, California, 2008).




19


 , Belich J.Replenishing the Earth: the Settler Revolution and the Rise of the Anglo-World, 17831939 (Oxford, 2009), chs. 67.




20


.   :  1870-       ;     . The Idea of Greater Britain: Empire and the Future of World Order, 18601900 (Princeton, 2007), 64.




21


. . 4.




22


Bell, op. cit, 90.




23


    . Armytage W. H. G. Yesterdays Tomorrows: A Historical Survey of Future Societies (London, 1968), 3639.




24


GriffthG. The Angel of the Revolution. A Tale of the Coming Terror (London, 1893), ch. 48: The Ordering of Europe.




25


. ..




26


WrefordS. Peace (London, 1851), 3435.




27


ReichJ. The Slave Trade at the Congress of Vienna  a Study in British Public Opinion, Journal of Negro History, 53:2 (April 1968), 129143.




28


Philo Pacifcus. A Solemn Review of the Custom of War, showing that War is the Effect of Popular Delusion (Cambridge, Mass., 1816), 3536; SagerE. The social origins of Victorian pacifsm, Victorian Studies, 23:2 (Winter, 1980), 211236; Tyrrell A.Making the millennium: the Md-Nineteenth Century Peace Movement, HJ, 21:1 (March 1978), 7595.




29


Ibid., 86.




30


CurtiM. American Peace Crusade, 18151860 (1929), esp. 137138.




31


HendersonG. The pacifists of the Fifties, Journal of Modern History, 9:3 (Sept. 1937), 314341, P. 319.




32


BrownW.W. Three Years in Europe, or Places I have Seen and People I have Met (London, 1852), 5059.




33


BrownW.W. The American Fugitive in Europe (Boston and New York, 1855), 5859.




34


BrownW.W. Op. cit, 219226.




35


Greeley H.Glances at Europe: in a Series of Letters from Great Britain, France, Italy, Switzerland etc. during the Summer of 1851 (New York, 1851), 280281.




36


Peel cited in: HoweA. Free trade and global order: the rise and fall of a Victorian vision, in: Bell D., ed. Victorian Visions of Global Order (CUP, 2007), 26.




37


Cited in: Hobson J.A.Cobden: the International Man (London, 1919), 50.




38


Howe, 27.




39


Benjamin Constant.




40


Ibid., 38.




41


Ricardo cited in: Cain P. Capitalism, war and internationalism in the thought of Richard Cobden, British Journal of International Studies, 5 (1979), 229247, P. 231.




42


Maynard, 226.




43


LevittJ. An Essay on the Best Way of Developing Improved Political and Commercial Relations between Great Britain and the United States of America (London, 1869), 5559.




44


Lord Hobart. The mission of Richard Cobden, Macmillans Magazine, 15 (January 1867), 177186.




45


CobdenR. The balance of power.




46


Hobson, Cobden, 115; Disraeli and Aberdeen cited in Henderson, 326.




47


MazziniG. On the Superiority of Representative Government [1832] in: RecchiaS., UrbinatiN., eds. A Cosmopolitanism of Nations: Giuseppe Mazzinis Writings on Democracy, Nation Building and International Relations (Princeton, 2009), 4344.


