Writing  5+.   
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         ()    .    6  (6 units)     :Warm up! (  ), Language Practice (  )  Writing (  ).     ,     .





Writing  5+

  



.



. ,2018



ISBN978-5-4490-6647-3

     Ridero




Unit1





Warm up!

(Generalization)


Exercise1.1

Choose the most general word ofeachset:

Example:

spoon, knife, crockery,fork

1. furniture, table, cupboard,sofa

2. mammal, animal, dog,pet

3. car, vehicle, traffic,van

4. keeping todiets, going infor sport, keeping fit, doing exercise

5. learn words, study language, do grammar tasks, write quizzes



Exercise1.2

Match sets ofwords with topics:









Language Practice

(Spelling)


Exercise 1.3(Homonymy)

Choose the correct word (consult the dictionary if necessary):

1. Toaffect/effect the prices

2. Tobeat/beet the opponent

3. The cent/scent ofherbs

4. Web cite/sight/site

5. Chili/chilly pepper

6. Complement/compliment ofthechef

7. City council/counsel

8. Todie/dyehair

9. Disc/disk jockey

10. Fare/fairhair

11. Finish/Finnish sauna

12. Cake made with flower/flour andeggs

13. Back and forth/fourth

14. Thunder and lightening/lightning

15. Marry/Merry Christmas

16. Minor/miner disease

17. My muscles/mussels began toache

18. She passed/pastaway

19. The War and Piece/Peace

20. The rain inSpain falls mainly on the plain/plane.

21. The North Pole/Poll

22. The Newtonian principle/principal ofinertia

23. Sole/soulmate

24. Walk up the stairs/stares

25. Keep quiet/quite!

26. To/too/two good tobe true!

27. She tied the apron around her waste/waist.

28. Iam not sure weather/whether this is true ornot.

Exercise 1.4(Suffixes & Endings)

Consult the dictionary if necessary:








Exercise 1.5(Doubling Consonants)

Mind that consonants double exceptfor:

Rate => rated (ending withe)

Clear => clearing (two vowels before the last consonant)

Sharp => sharper (ending with two consonants)

Benefit => benefited (three and more syllables)

Fill inthe gaps where needed:

1. Transfer_ing

2. Stop_ed

3. Forbid_en

4. Commit_ing

5. Prefer_ed

6. Run_er

7. Begin_ing

8. Avoid_ing

9. Benefit_ed

10. Occur_ed




Writing

(Sentence)


1.Parallelism:

The crowd began towave handkerchiefs and toshout good-byes.

He entered auniversity and she started towork.

Keeping fit is ahobby. But playing computer games is an addiction.



2.Inversion:

Very carefully, we moved from the room into the kitchen.

What experience teaches you, you never forget.



3.Participle clauses (or subordinate clauses):

The capital ofSyria is Damascus. Damascus is probably the oldest city inthe world. => Being the capital ofSyria, Damascus is probably the oldest city inthe world. OR The capital ofSyria is Damascus, probably the oldest city inthe world. OR The capital ofSyria is Damascus which is probably the oldest city inthe world.



4.Do not overdo withso:

His parents were poor, so they couldnt afford tosend him tocollege => Being very poor, his parents couldnt afford tosend him tocollege OR His parents, who were very poor, couldnt afford tosend him tocollege.



5.Do not overdo with pronouns:

After lunch our friends walked around the garden, and they left inan hour. => After lunch our friends walked around the garden and left inan hour.



Exercise1.6

Rewrite sentences using parallel constructions:

Example: Dont go too close tothat dog: it may attack you and you may be bitten => Dont go too close tothat dog: it may attack and biteyou.

1. Chimpanzee is amonkey, but is related tohumans.

2. The orangutans have long arms, and their hair is reddish-brown.

3. Gracefully and silent, the deer moved into the woods.

4. From the window he could see his dog inthe yard. The birds on the tree were also visible.



Exercise1.7

Rewrite the text applying inversion:

The Bermuda Isles are inthe Atlantic Ocean about seven hundred miles from New York. They were discovered byJuan Bermudez in1515. The voyagers, landing inBermuda, stayed there for ten months. Their reports were so enthusiastic that permanent settlers soon arrived.



Exercise1.8

Rewrite sentences applying participle and subordinate clauses or just excluding unnecessary words:

1. The girls were on their way toMontgomery. Here they hoped tofind their father.

2. After lunch we were less ambitious, so we gathered our fishing and decided togo tothe cinema.

3. The national parks have become very popular, so they are indanger.

4. The workers were on astrike, and they slept on their work places.




Unit2





Warm up!

(Linking Cause and Effect)


Exercise2.1

Where are the causes and the effects inthese pairs? Mind that inone pair there is no linking.

1. Mothers shouldnt work Children shouldnt spend time with nannies

2. Classmates help each other People tend tomake best friends at school

3. Honesty is the best policy We trust honest people

4. Fast food is tasty McDonalds is dangerous for health

5. Tastes change with age Elderly people are more experienced andwise



Exercise2.2

Explain your reasons (23):

1. Iwant tolive inabig house with all my relatives because

2. There is always aleader infriendship because

3. Women should use make-up because

4. Abusinessman should be selfish because

5. Iwant towork inthe shopping industry because




Language Practice

(Spelling)


Exercise 2.3(ei-ie)

Mind that for the sound [i: ]we write IE (believe), except for after c (receive).

For all other sounds we write EI (their).

Fill inthe gaps with EI orIE:

1. Gr__f

2. Dec__ve

3. Rel__ve

4. H__ght

5. L__sure

6. Ch__f

7. N__ce

8. Ach__ve

9. N__ther

10. Rec__pt



Exercise 2.4(Apostrophe)

Mind that we use the apostropheall possessive forms (girls, girls, Joness), except for personal pronouns (theirs, hers).

Put the apostrophe where needed:

Mr. Jones has two sons. This is the boys room. All the toys are theirs. Cars and robots are among their favorite ones. They always argue about whose cars are faster. But infact theyre real friends. Everybody knows that their robots are the best at school. If anybody elses robot appears better, than Mr. Jones buys anew toy for his children. Joneses are really happy.



Exercise 2.5(Compounds)
























Writing

(Paragraph: Order ofSentences)


1.Time order:

Iwas born went toschool entered the university graduated started my career



2.Space order:

The apartment was there were four rooms my roomwas

She is her skin her hair her eyes



3.Order for climax (most frequently used inan essay with the elements ofargumentation):

from the least important fact tothe most importantone.



Exercise2.6

Applying one ofthe three ways ofordering sentences (each once), organize eachset:

1.

___ His parents enrolled him inaconservatory, where he could learn the music theory.

___ As achild he learnt toread music notation and toplay the piano byear.

___ Born in1948inasmall New Mexican town, Robert Own was destined tobecome famous.

___ Inschool, his teachers were aware that Robert had aspecial talent and they encouraged him todevote as much time as possible tohis music.

___ His professional career was now launched.



2.The fifty-five mile an hour speed limit should be retained.

___ Driving at fifty-five miles an hour conservesgas.

___ This limit can prevent accidents.

___ Riders can see more ofthe country bydriving slowly.



3.Describing aperson.

___ deep-set browneyes

___ sitting nervously on the edge ofachair

___ long gracefulneck

___ cotton summer dress

___ hands twisting ahandkerchief



Exercise2.7

Write aparagraph on each topic applying one ofthe ways ofordering sentences (each once):

1. Describe your dream: Iwant because (Three reasons)

2. Describe an event: It was one ofthe most exciting moments inmy life (Then describe what happened inmore detail: write about five sentences)

3. Describe aperson: from general characteristics todetails (3details)




Unit3





Warm up!

(Analogy)


Exercise3.1

Find mistakes inthe parameters ofcomparison if any. Correct them:

1. Football is atypical hobby for boys. Tennis is an expensive sport.

2. Fast food is cheap. Chinese cuisine is not expensive.

3. Buying clothes is time consuming. Buying food is boring.



Exercise3.2

Match sentences tocompare from two columns. There is one extra sentence ineach column.









Language Practice

(Vocabulary)


Exercise 3.3(Synonyms)

Find synonyms:

1. Absurd

2. Adequate

3. Brave

4. Eager

5. Evident



Exercise 3.4(be concrete)

Concretize sentences:

Example:

After breakfast he started inour nice car. => After breakfast he started for work inour new fastcar.

1. Bythree oclock we were not ingood shape.

2. He had abad character and started arguing inthe restaurant.

3. For the special case the invited several people for lunch.

4. She is an interesting person who is able tobe agood teacher.




Writing

(Paragraph: Coherence ofSentences)


Coherence ofsentences inaparagraph can be achievedby:



1.Repetition ofimportant words and pronouns



2. Synonyms and substitutions



3. Transitional expressions

Exercise3.5

What sentences are repeated or substituted inthe paragraph? Underline them and their substitutions:

Ihave always considered my father avery intelligent person. His intelligence is not the type usually tested inschools; but he never finished high school. Rather, my fathers intelligence is his ability tosolve problems creatively as they arise. Intelligent solutions tounforeseen problems were typical ofhim. Infact, my fathers brand ofbrains accurate insight, followed bycreative action is the kind ofintelligence that Iadmire.



Exercise3.6

Write aparagraph about afamous person describing his most outstanding trait. Repeat and substitute important words. Underline them.



Exercise3.7

Learn transitional expressions:













Fill inthegaps:

Since Clyde has been saving money for months, he will be able toafford the vacation ofhis dreams. He imagines himself on different cruises, __________ (illustration) aboat trip on the Amazon River. __________ (contrast) he does not have money togo far away. __________ (result) he brings his lunch every day and puts the money inaspecial vacation fund. __________ (addition) he saves all the cash that comes his way as gifts. It may take awhile, but Clyde will take the vacation ofhis dreams.



Exercise3.8

Improve your paragraph from exercise 6, adding transitional expressions




Unit4





Warm up!

(Rationalization)


Exercise4.1

Rationalization is the process ofconcealing real motives byinventing plausible reasons.

Which ofthe following are examples ofrationalization?

Example:

Reading is not apopular hobby because there are no good writers. => Rationalization because reading is not popular for other reasons, for instance, as we prefer TV and computer tobooks.

1. Modern teenagers spend alot oftime infront ofthe computers because they do not have enough homework todo and books toread.

2. Computer games are the most popular with children since board games are not involving.

3. Teenagers tend tobelong tosome subcultures as they need toshow off and tofeel amember ofacommunity.

4. People prefer extreme sports since they are more competitive than traditional ones.



Exercise4.2

Find three plausible reasons for each item inthe previous exercise.




Language Practice

(Grammar)


Exercise 4.3(Subject-Predicate Agreement)

Mind:

Tom and Alice are guilty

Tom or Alice is guilty

Neither Tom nor Alice is guilty



Choose the correct form ofthe verb:

1. Neither endurance nor skill is/are enough.

2. Mary, Jane or Toledo is/are toreport at once.

3. The Democratic Party has/have the power.

4. Apple pie and strawberry mousse is/are her favorite dishes.

5. The boss, like his workers, deserves/deserve aholiday.



Exercise 4.4(Agreement ofPronouns)

Mind:

The team gave its all (the whole group) BUT The team cleaned their lockers (members ofagroup)



Choose the correct word:

1. The company had anew policy; from now on it/they would build more small cars.

2. Everybody brings his/their lunch.

3. Whose/whos on first?

4. Iwish my son looked less like I/me and more like she/her.

5. My father worked hard togive we/us agood education.



Exercise 4.5(Agreement ofParticiple and Subordinate Clauses)

Correct mistakes:

Example:

Painting the windows black, they became opaque. => PaintED black the windows became opaque.

1. At the age ofthree my parents took me toBuffalo.

2. Byheating the water, the pot begins toboil.

3. Renowned for his humor, everyone reads Mark Twain.

4. Running down the street, his house could be seen.




Writing

(Paragraph: Consistency ofSentences)


Consistency ofsentences inaparagraph can be achievedby:

1. Consistency oftense:

We strolled down the street as the jazz band started toplay

We stroll down the street as the jazz band start toplay



2.Consistency ofthe number and the person:

The jogger chooses his or her running shoes withcare

The joggers choose their running shoes withcare



3.Discourse consistency:

Inone paragraph apply either direct or indirect speech.



Exercise4.6

Correct mistakes:

Example:

Two seconds before the buzzer sounded, Larry Bird sank abasket from midcourt, and the crowd goes wild. => Two seconds before the buzzer sounded, Larry Bird sank abasket from midcourt, and the crowd WENT wild.

1. Itold you this will happen.

2. Dreams fascinate me; it is like another world.

3. Agood job is not as easy tocome byas they were ten yearsago.

4. John asked me do you know who won the Saturdays game.

5. John asked me Iknew who won the game.

Exercise4.7

Write aparagraph describing your yesterdays conversation with afriend about amatch which took place the day before yesterday. Apply indirect speech and pay attention tothe consistency oftense.




Unit5





Warm up!

(Objectivity)


Exercise5.1

Find at least three arguments that contradict the following prejudices:

1. Iwill never marry aforeigner.

2. All fans are crazy.

3. Airplanes are the most dangerous things inthe world.



Exercise5.2

Do you have any prejudices? Choose one or imagine it and write three arguments that contradictit.




Language Practice

(Spelling and Punctuation)


Exercise 5.3(Writing Numbers)

Mind:

October, 20(dates)

362Adams street (addresses)

Page 321(pages)

84991234567(telephone numbers)

$120(money)

108, 1200, 1500234(long numbers)



There are 34pupils inmy class, 24learn English, 6study Maths and 4specialise inhistory. (sentences with afew numbers).



BUT

The college is twenty-five miles away from home (short numbers)

Six hundred thirty dollars was collected for the community chest (numbers at the beginning ofsentences)



Fill inthe gaps:

1. Iwas born on _____________________________________ (date ofbirth).

2. Ilive at __________________________________________ (full address).

3. Now Iam doing exercise___________ on page___________.

4. At_____________ today Iwill go tobed.

5. My expenses for the week are: room, $_____________;

food, $_______________; transport $____________.



Exercise 5.4(Capitalisation)

Mind:

Yale Club, General Motors Corporation (organisations)

Democrats, Catholic, Brazilian (nationalities and other groups) BUT puritanical ideas, roman type, etc. (common nouns)

West, Amazon River, St. George Hotel (geography) BUT city ofPhiladelphia, state ofArkansas

World War II, Reign ofTerror, Magna Charta (historic periods and documents)

Times, Washington Is Like That (literature and mass media)

Monday, June, Labour Day (dates) BUT summer (seasons)

General, the President (titles)

Uncle Henry, Mother or mother BUT your mother (relatives).



Correct mistakes:

1. After general bliss had visited the house ofrepresentatives and heard areport, he journeyed tothe white house tosee the president ofthe united states.



2.My english teacher asked whether ihad read from the bottom up or the lure ofthe labrador wild.

3. John who had previously attended ahigh school inthe west now attends ahigh school innew jersey.

4. They had alunch on broadway.

5. The secretary ofwar invited general simpson for dinner.



Exercise 5.5(Comma)

Mind:

1. Faithful, sincere friend (equal definitions, we can fill inand) BUT Solid gold watch (solid define the word combination gold watch)

2. He is clever, energetic and wise. BUT He is clever and energetic and wise (the conjunction is repeated).

3. Ann has ason, Mary has two daughters.

4. The full moon was obscured byclouds, but the pirates went their way on. (long sentence) BUT Icalled but she was away (short sentence)

5. If it rains, we wont go for awalk. BUT We wont go for awalk if it rains.

6. He played tennis, since (as, for) it had been his hobby for many years. BUT He played tennis because it had been his hobby for many years.

7. Dear Mr, indeed, nevertheless, etc. (like inRussian)



Fill inthe commas:

1. He is afit healthy person because he has awise beautiful wife.

2. He played tennis and went tothe swimming pool and had long walks inthe park.

3. Beauty is dominating when choosing agirlfriend personality is dominating when choosing awife.

4. Hobbies affect the way we spend free time but music creates our personalities and affects our life style.

5. Ienjoy window shopping if Idont have money.

6. Nowadays many people keep toadiet since they want tolook younger.

7. The mobile that doesnt work properly needs repairing.

8. Ihave three mobile phones and the one which is the newest needs repairing.




Writing

(Paragraph: Variety ofSentences)


Exercise5.6

Rewrite the paragraph, alternating short and long sentences:

The park is alive with motion today. Joggers pound up and down the boardwalk. Old folks watch them from the benches. Couples row boats across the lake. The boats are green and wooden. Two teenagers hurl aFrisbee back and forth. They yell and leap. Ashaggy white dog dashes infrom nowhere. He snatches the red disc inhis mouth. He bounds away. The teenagers run afterhim.



Exercise5.7

Write aparagraph with three arguments (order ofclimax), starting withone

parallel constructions

 inversion

 short and long sentences

 different types ofsentence coherence and consistency



1.How has college (school) changedme?

2. Is marriage worth the risks?

3. Is there anything save toeat these days?




Unit6





ExamTask


Comment on the following statement.

1. Aperson who is fluent inaforeign language can easily work as an interpreter (Demo 2014).

2. Its easier tomake friends than tokeep them (Demo 2015).

3. Its not right tobe strict with little children (Demo 2016).



What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?

Write 200250words.



Use the following plan:

make an introduction (state the problem)

express your personal opinion and give 23reasons for your opinion

express an opposing opinion and give 12reasons for this opposing opinion explain why you dont agree with the opposing opinion

make aconclusion restating your position




Plan


Exercise6.1

Decide on your opinion and write aplan, following the scheme:








1.Aperson who is fluent inaforeign language can easily work as an interpreter (Demo 2014).

2. Its easier tomake friends than tokeep them (Demo 2015).

3. Its not right tobe strict with little children (Demo 2016).




Introduction


Exercise 6.2(Subject Matter)

Paraphrase (express the same ideas inother words) the topic applying expressions from the table:








1.Aperson who is fluent inaforeign language can easily work as an interpreter (Demo 2014).

2. Its easier tomake friends than tokeep them (Demo 2015).

3. Its not right tobe strict with little children (Demo 2016).



Exercise 6.3(Topic Sentence)

Express inone sentence your opinion on the topic applying the following expressions:








1.Aperson who is fluent inaforeign language can easily work as an interpreter (Demo 2014).



2. Its easier tomake friends than tokeep them (Demo 2015).

3. Its not right tobe strict with little children (Demo 2016).



Exercise 6.4(Vocabulary)

Find synonyms for the KEY words from the topic sentence:

1. Aperson who is fluent inaforeign language can easily work as an interpreter (Demo 2014).

2. Its easier tomake friends than tokeep them (Demo 2015).

3. Its not right tobe strict with little children (Demo 2016).




MainPart


Exercise 6.5(Argumentation)

Find and correct mistakes inthe arguments for the opinion that:

Some people think that inthe nearest future the majority ofpeople will live incities and towns, not inthe countryside

1. Inthe XX century cities were growing rapidly.

2. Everyone inRussia wants tolive inMoscow.

3. Inthe nearest future all people will need the Internet towork.

4. The transport systems ofbig cities will be the main concern for the government.

5. Life inthe countryside is boring.



Exercise 6.6(Argumentation)

Find arguments for your opinion on the topic and put them indifferent forms:

Example:

Some people think that when children reach the age of18and finish school they can and should start living on theirown.

Fact: Teens are not able toearn enough money tolive on theirown.

 Generalization: Boys do not know what todo if anything does not work at home and girls cannot cook children do not have enough skills inhousekeeping.

 Illustration: Teen marriages unfortunately are unhappy.

 Definition: Youth is the only period inlife for education.

 Example: Ido not want toleave my parents as they help me inmany fields.

 Analysis: The earlier one starts living on his own, the sooner he becomes bored.

 Comparison: Ayoung girl living on her own is always indanger like alonely kitten lost inthe street.

 Adding details: If one starts tolive on his own, this means that he faces all adult problems, like responsibility, poverty, hunger, cruelty,etc.



1.Aperson who is fluent inaforeign language can easily work as an interpreter (Demo 2014).

2. Its easier tomake friends than tokeep them (Demo 2015).

3. Its not right tobe strict with little children (Demo 2016).




Conclusion


Exercise6.7

Paraphrase your topic sentence from Exercise 3making conclusions and applying:

All inall, inbrief, on the whole, tosum up, inconclusion.




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