        
  

  

  


              .            ,        .      - .            .               .                   .        ,       ,    .





 ,  ,  

        



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- . , ,     . . 



:

. . , . .. (. 3); - . ,

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   -    -  







               .            - .  ,         ,         .

               .               .                ,     .

                                 ,         .

             ,   .     :   ,   ;       ,         ,     .     ,        ,          .           ,   ,            .

         ,       .

    .

  1     ,  ,    .              - .

  2             .              ,         .      ,       ,     ,   ,    .

  3        , . . ,   .        ,         ,      .

      ,    -        .              ,    ,       .              .

     ,                       ,       .                 ,     .




 1

    ,  



           . 209     (   ).               .

,      :





 209.   

1.    ,     .

2.             ,                 ,          ,  ,  ,  ,    ,         ,    .

3. ,           ,       (. 129),    ,                .

4.           ( ).             ,             .





 1.     


            ,  -        .            ,        ,       ,  ,          .

     ,        ,      ,          [1 -  .   . ., 2004. . 42.].         :                       [2 -  . .      // . 1992. 1. . 16.].   ,   ,      ,  ,    . :      .  ,     , . . ,            ,     ,             ,  , ,    ,             ,         ,       ,        .           :  , , ,      - , ,      ,  ,      [3 -       . , 2001. . 29, 31.].

   ,       ,        ,    . . .  :               ,      [4 -  . .   . . 1. ., 2003. . 69.].

 ,            ( ).     ,       ()      ;           ,     .       ,  -  ,  ,       ,     . ,  ,          (,    ),    -  .              .     -    - ,      (,        . .),        ,     .          ,              ,     ( )   .

   ,      ,  ,   ,  ,    ,           ,   ,  .            ,    :   ,    ;       ,    ,   .

, ,   ,       ,      ,   [5 -   .:  . .     // . 2006. 1. . 129142.].




 2.   


,        (  ).        ?

       ,    , ,    ,              . , . .  ,          [6 -  . .   . , 2001. . 219.].          . , . .  :        ,   [7 -  . .        //   . . . : .  . .. ., 1998. . 23.].

     [8 - ., ., . 420 . X   .   1922 . ,        ,      (. 54).   1964 .    ,    :    ,      ,   (. 92).],         .  209        ,              , . .          ,      .   . 128  ,    ,   ,           ,    :   ,   ,  .

    1994 .      ,         (. . ,  )    . ,                .            XIX   XX .   ,      .                ,   1992 .[9 - ., .: Feldbrugge F.J.M. The codification process of Russian civil law // Lawmaking for Development. Explorations into the theory and practice of international legislative projects / ed. by J. Arnscheidt, B. van Rooij, J. M. Otto. Leiden, 2008. R 231244.]  ,      ,        ,       ,  ,   ( 90    (  ), . 3:2  ).

         ( ,  ,  ,   ,      )            (. 529).   , ,           ( 1011).

          .        (real property),        ,   (chattels personal)        (choses in possession)      (choses in action)    ,  ,      . .[10 - Bridge M. G. Personal Property Law. New York, 2002.]

           -        .

,    . 2 ,   , ,     (     )     .     , ,   . .                   ;   ,  ,         ,       . 420,    ,      ,      ,          [11 -    :         . ., 1902. . , .1..57.].

           ,             .       ,         ,    ,    ,   ,                    .  ,       ,       (    , )[12 -     47538-6      , ,       ,         (  ,    ).]      ,   -      ,   ,          (    ).




 3.   


 ,        ,      ,      . ,       ,  . 209   :



            


    ,    ;     ,   . 544   (  ):



         ,       ,     .


     ,           .

 544       .   ,   1804 .           .  ,     1804 .,               [13 - Gordley /. Myths of the French Civil Code 11 The American Journal of Comparative Law. 1994. Vol.42, no 3. P. 504.].     . 544     .            ,        ,          ,      .  ,     ,              [14 - Cases, Materials and Text on Property Law / eds. Sjef van Erp, Bram Akkermans. Oxford; Portland, Oregon, 2012. P. 53.].

,        ,  .    ,                   .  ,    ,       ,               ,      [15 -   .         //  . Ius Antiquum. 2004. 2. . 8.].

                       .             , . .  ,       [16 - , ..           : -               ( ..         //    :      / . . . . .. ., 2006. .251).].

            (       ,     ).  ,         .

       ( )  ,   ,        (utilitates),        ,       ,               [17 -   .      . 11.].               . ,         ,           .

       [18 -        ,            ,      ,             , ,   ,   ,     ,   ( . . 11).].     , ,       ,        . , ,   ,   ,      ,      .           ,                :  , ,   ,    [19 -      IV .  . . ,        (,   ,   )  .        III . . . (., .: Van Zyl D. . History and Principles of Roman Private Law. Durban, 1983. P. 193;  . .    . ., 2007. . 109; Rome G. W. An Elegy for Emphyteusis // Civil Law Commentaries. 2008. Vol. 1, issue 2. P. 3).]. ,        ,               .        ,      .                 .    , ,      (434 .)       [20 -  . .    //  . .     . . 2. ., 2004. . 77.].   :     ,        . ,          :       ,          [21 - Sohm R. The Institutes of Roman Law. New Jersey, 2002. P. 268.].   ,  :    (  utilis, . .   ) ,       , actio confessoria (utilis).  ,      ,   ,        .       .

. .    ,                         proprietas-ususfructus[22 -  . .          //   . 2008. 4 ( ).].   ,   ,         ,   ,         [23 -  .].

 ,     ,      ,     ,         .

,        , ,    .      . ,             [24 -         (Stubbs W. The Constitutional History of England: In Its Origin and Development. Vol. 1. Oxford, 1903. P.274. URL: http://www.efm.bris.ac.uk/het/stubbs/Constitu-tionalHistoryv01.pdf ( : 02.06.2017)).].     ,    ,     ,  . ,  ,     ,      , ,   ,       .

               .  ,   ,      ,    ,        (dominium utile)        ,        (utilis)[25 -  . .   . . 108.].         ,          , ,    ,   .        (dominium divisum)[26 -  .],            ().      ,    ;              .

 ,                   :          , . .    ,   -      [27 -  .].

,    XIV . (1346 .   ),    ,      [28 - Lobingier Ch. S. Rise and Fall of Feudal Law // Cornell Law Review. 1933. Vol. 18. Issue 2.].         . ,        ,      XIV .  (Bartolus de Saxoferrato, 13141357):         ,     [29 -  Mapyommu .      .39.].        ,      ,          [30 - , ,       (Rufner Th. The Roman Concept of Ownership and the Medieval Doctrine of Dominium Utile // The Creation of the Ius Commune: From Casus to Regula. Edinburgh, 2010. R 127142).     ,        ,        .].     , ,   :      .        ,      [31 -     ,    (lucernaiuris).],             .

  ,   , ,        ,     ,                    .  ,      1789 .                    -        [32 -  ..    17891793. ., 1979. . 103. . :  A. be.     / . . . . ., 1997.].                   , . .            .

-      . 544 ,    :          ,       ,     .           ,      -     .

,              ;  ,       .          , ,  , .     1822 .      ,     ,         domaine directe  domaine utile[33 - Gordley /. Myths of the French Civil Code. P. 504.].

 ,       ,          .  , ,  ,      1811 . (    357)    ,   dominium utile  dominium directum.

        (    )   .   (. 1636, 1638)       - (conduenos)    (dominus directum)   (dominus utile).    , ,        1916 . (. 678)     - (. 1497),       .      ,        dominium utile (el dominio util),    dominium directum (el dominio directo).    dominus utile   . 310  .

,  ,  1812 .      ,      .  ,            ,                           [34 - .  : Rudokvas A. The Impact of the Austrian Civil Code (ABGB) of 1811 on the Concept of Ownership in Russia // 200 Jahre ABGB Asstrahlungen. Die Bedeutung der Kodifikation fur andere Staaten und andere Rechtskulturen / Hrsg. von M. Geistlinger, F. Harrer, R. Mosler, J. M. Rainer. Wien: Manzsche Verlags-und Universi-tatsbuch-handlung, 2011. S. 239250.].  , . .  :  ,        ,         ,     .        ,    ;      ,   , ,  ,  . ,     [35 - . :  . .       //     . 1884. .2. . 77.].   , . .                 ,       ,         [36 -  . .     . ., 1859. . 57.].

  ,  . 209  ,     .              :             ,                 .  ,        (     ).

,      ,      (common law).      ,         -      [37 - Dixon . Modern Land Law. London, 2009. P. 6.].

                  .                  (    ,       ),                .     estates in land,   interests in land[38 - Ibid.].         proprietary rights.

           ,     ,      ,      .              ,      ,    ,     ,  .

,                     [39 -         ,      ,                       ,     , . .      ,     ,                (Dixon . Modern Land Law. . 6).].      ,    :         ,     ,  owner.        ,          ,             ,            , ,    ,        [40 - Sparkes R A New Land Law. 2


 ed. Oxford; Portland, Oregon, 2003. P. 32.].         ,    .    the leasehold estate, . .        ,      ,    proprietary rights:   - ,      , ,      [41 - Ibid.].

 ,                .                 .        .            ,                ,  ,  ,   .       ,    .  ,  ,         (present estates)   []        [42 -  ..      :  . ., 2014. . 16, 43.].

               the fee simple or freehold estate.     ,          [43 -    . ,     (Sparkes . A New Land Law. . 35).].

        ,      common law.          - ,           (equity).         .    ,       (trustee),     [44 -  .: Real Property Law and Procedure in the European Union. General Report. European University Institute (EUI) Florence / European Private Law Forum Deutsches Notarinstitut (DNotl) Wurzburg. P. 13. URL: http://www.eui.eu/Documents/ DepartmentsCentres/Law/ResearchTeaching/ResearchThemes/EuropeanPrivateLaw/ RealPropertyProject/GeneralReport.pdf ( : 31.08.2015). . , .:  . .        : . ., 2015;  ..   ()   . ., 2012.].

         ,   .             ,          ,    ,  ,  ,          .  ,    ;  ,    , ,      Fee simple absolute, Life estate  Fee tail.             :



       :

    - ,    ?

 : , !,  .

-!  .   !

,  .  :        , ,      ,  ,     , ,   ,   , ,    ,      ,     ,    ,     ,          , ,      .


          .         ; , ,     ,       .




 4.   




       ,                 .

(. 2. 209  )

             ,  .   (        )         .

    .           (    ),      .      ,    - ,  ,    ,     ,      ,    .

       ,      ,  ,    ,    ,       ,           .

                     .    . 6     ,      ,      (. 1);                   ,      ,    (. 2).                 ;          .               ,      (. 6).  ,    ,   ,  ,   ,       .           ,       ,     , .      (. 8.12.1)                  .

                . 3. 23              , . .           ,               .            ,     ,      .

        ,      ,          (  ). ,      ,  ,   ,             , . .       [45 - ,                            ,        . .  :  . .  . ., 2013. . 60  ., 423, 429  . . . .].

 . 23               ,      :              ,     ,        ,       ,          .

            .     . , ,   ,    . .

          ,     .      ,       ,         . ,     1649 .                  (        ).   , ,  30-02-97 ,       , ,         :    ( )  3 ,          4 ,     1 .

      ,       ,      ,    ,    ,     ,         .   ,       ,           [46 -  . .      . ., 1914. . 7.].

     ,               , ,           (, ),    .                     ,   .  ,    ,   .        [47 -  . .     //  . 2009. 2. . 1827.],       ,       ;  ,        ,   [48 - ., .: Tuhr A. Tratado de las Obligaciones. Granada, 2007. P. 30.].                   ,       ,     .




 5.  ,   




   ,     .

(. 1. 209  )

 209           ,      ,     .      .  ,               1813 . . . ,   1832 .   ..      [49 -  . 420 (. X, . 2)    ,    ,         ,     ,       ,       ,      ,                 ,       .].

      1922 . (. 58:    ,     ,  ),      1964 . (. 92:    ,      ,  ).

   [50 - ., .:  ..  : : 4 . . 2.  .  .  .   . ., 2008. . 511.]          . ,     ,     ,      ,    ;        . .         -  ,      ,        .




 6. 



       .   :      XIX . (    - )      .          ,             .           :         .

,          ,        ,      ,      ,     .     ,        (Nihil commune habet proprietas cum possessione).     . 481  :      .                 .

  ,           ,   , . .     .    ,         ,     .   . . , ,      ,           [51 -  . .       //   . 1902. 10. . 27.]




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/anton-rudokvas/pravo-sobstvennosti-i-sposoby-ego-zaschity-v-grazhdanskom-p/)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


 .   . ., 2004. . 42.




2


 . .      // . 1992. 1. . 16.




3


      . , 2001. . 29, 31.




4


 . .   . . 1. ., 2003. . 69.




5


  .:  . .     // . 2006. 1. . 129142.




6


 . .   . , 2001. . 219.




7


 . .        //   . . . : .  . .. ., 1998. . 23.




8


., ., . 420 . X   .   1922 . ,        ,      (. 54).   1964 .    ,    :    ,      ,   (. 92).




9


., .: Feldbrugge F.J.M. The codification process of Russian civil law // Lawmaking for Development. Explorations into the theory and practice of international legislative projects / ed. by J. Arnscheidt, B. van Rooij, J. M. Otto. Leiden, 2008. R 231244.




10


Bridge M. G. Personal Property Law. New York, 2002.




11


   :         . ., 1902. . , .1..57.




12


    47538-6      , ,       ,         (  ,    ).




13


Gordley /. Myths of the French Civil Code 11 The American Journal of Comparative Law. 1994. Vol.42, no 3. P. 504.




14


Cases, Materials and Text on Property Law / eds. Sjef van Erp, Bram Akkermans. Oxford; Portland, Oregon, 2012. P. 53.




15


  .         //  . Ius Antiquum. 2004. 2. . 8.




16


, ..           : -               ( ..         //    :      / . . . . .. ., 2006. .251).




17


  .      . 11.




18


       ,            ,      ,             , ,   ,   ,     ,   ( . . 11).




19


     IV .  . . ,        (,   ,   )  .        III . . . (., .: Van Zyl D. . History and Principles of Roman Private Law. Durban, 1983. P. 193;  . .    . ., 2007. . 109; Rome G. W. An Elegy for Emphyteusis // Civil Law Commentaries. 2008. Vol. 1, issue 2. P. 3).




20


 . .    //  . .     . . 2. ., 2004. . 77.




21


Sohm R. The Institutes of Roman Law. New Jersey, 2002. P. 268.




22


 . .          //   . 2008. 4 ( ).




23


 .




24


        (Stubbs W. The Constitutional History of England: In Its Origin and Development. Vol. 1. Oxford, 1903. P.274. URL: http://www.efm.bris.ac.uk/het/stubbs/Constitu-tionalHistoryv01.pdf ( : 02.06.2017)).




25


 . .   . . 108.




26


 .




27


 .




28


Lobingier Ch. S. Rise and Fall of Feudal Law // Cornell Law Review. 1933. Vol. 18. Issue 2.




29


 Mapyommu .      .39.




30


, ,       (Rufner Th. The Roman Concept of Ownership and the Medieval Doctrine of Dominium Utile // The Creation of the Ius Commune: From Casus to Regula. Edinburgh, 2010. R 127142).     ,        ,        .




31


    ,    (lucerna

iuris).




32


 ..    17891793. ., 1979. . 103. . :  A. be.     / . . . . ., 1997.




33


Gordley /. Myths of the French Civil Code. P. 504.




34


.  : Rudokvas A. The Impact of the Austrian Civil Code (ABGB) of 1811 on the Concept of Ownership in Russia // 200 Jahre ABGB Asstrahlungen. Die Bedeutung der Kodifikation fur andere Staaten und andere Rechtskulturen / Hrsg. von M. Geistlinger, F. Harrer, R. Mosler, J. M. Rainer. Wien: Manzsche Verlags-und Universi-tatsbuch-handlung, 2011. S. 239250.




35


. :  . .       //     . 1884. .2. . 77.




36


 . .     . ., 1859. . 57.




37


Dixon . Modern Land Law. London, 2009. P. 6.




38


Ibid.




39


        ,      ,                       ,     , . .      ,     ,                (Dixon . Modern Land Law. . 6).




40


Sparkes R A New Land Law. 2


 ed. Oxford; Portland, Oregon, 2003. P. 32.




41


Ibid.




42


 ..      :  . ., 2014. . 16, 43.




43


   . ,     (Sparkes . A New Land Law. . 35).




44


 .: Real Property Law and Procedure in the European Union. General Report. European University Institute (EUI) Florence / European Private Law Forum Deutsches Notarinstitut (DNotl) Wurzburg. P. 13. URL: http://www.eui.eu/Documents/ DepartmentsCentres/Law/ResearchTeaching/ResearchThemes/

EuropeanPrivateLaw/ RealPropertyProject/GeneralReport.pdf ( : 31.08.2015). . , .:  . .        : . ., 2015;  ..   ()   . ., 2012.




45


,                            ,        . .  :  . .  . ., 2013. . 60  ., 423, 429  . . . .




46


 . .      . ., 1914. . 7.




47


 . .     //  . 2009. 2. . 1827.




48


., .: Tuhr A. Tratado de las Obligaciones. Granada, 2007. P. 30.




49


 . 420 (. X, . 2)    ,    ,         ,     ,       ,       ,      ,                 ,       .




50


., .:  ..  : : 4 . . 2.  .  .  .   . ., 2008. . 511.




51


 . .       //   . 1902. 10. . 27.


