  . ,     
 


            .           .    .                 ,     .                  (     )      .           ,     .





 

  : ,     





   :     -


            .     ,  1979  1994.,        .           .    .

                ,     .                  (     )      .           ,     . -          (   -     ,    ). -         (                  -  ,    ). -      (     ,            ,       ,      ).

    . ,  ,   ,    ,      -      ,   ,  ,  .



   1986             . . ,     ,  ,  , :    .[1 -  .  ,   , XVXVIII. . 1. /. . . ,  . . . . .: , 1986.]  ,       ,           .         ,         -  ,   ,  . ,  ,            ,     .       .   ,              ,          (..  )     XIX    .

    ,          1990- .,      .        ,    ,      .                .             .

  -        .[2 - Fernand Braudel (19021985)         .  1930- .     (Lucien Febvre)    (Marc Bloch)      : , ,  (  Annales E. S. C.)            (histoire total),             , , , ,   .               II,              19401945.           .  1944. ,           ,            .   ,   ,         (  ,    )    ,    ,  ,      .       ,  15-    Academie Frangaise.]    .   800-               ,       .[3 - The Handbook of Economic Sociology / Eds. N.J. Smelser, R. Swedberg. Princeton: Prince ton Unviersity Press, 1994.]    ,      ,      :      ,    -        .             : , , .

         .         ,       .[4 - Arrighi G. Braudel, Capitalism, and the New Economic Sociology //Review. 2001, Vol. XXIV. No. 1. P.107123.]          .   ,   ,   ,       (  ,     ),      ,             .             ,       ,   , ,  ,  ,  , ,        .             (   )         ,     .       ,         .          .[5 - Collins R. The mega-historians // Sociological Theory. 1985. Vol. 3. No. 1. Spring.]         ,  ,          ,    ,  .[6 - William H. McNeill (. 1917).   - .      -   .            - ,        1945.,    .          ,         ,     .        1989.,         .     (    ) .            .       ,          .  :   (The rise of the West. University of Chicago Press, 1963;  : .  . ; , 2004),    (Plagues and peoples. NY: Anchor, 1976)      (The pursuit of power. University of Chicago Press, 1982).       .]

       , ,              ,       ,    (longue duree),      ,                    ,            . ,      ,  ,          .

 -, .         ,      ,   ,    ?[7 -  .  ,   , XVXVIII. . 2.  . .: , 1988.]                ,       .          .       .          , ,   .   ?       ?     ?         ?     ?!    ,   (   ),  ,           ?  -!  .



          ,        ,   ,         .      .     ,          . , ,        .         . ,           . ,  ,    -,     , ,      .           ,           ,   .

     ,     ,  ,  ,             ,   ,        ,        .

     1937. ,   ,  ,           .            .  ,        ,      , ,     .        ,          .          .   ,     ,            ,      ,  ,        .      !             .

    .   1960.,   23 ,   ,        .                ,    .          .     ,    1960-   ,         .   ( )    -,   , -       . ,       ,        .      ,    -  .     ,      ,   .

                .[8 -     1910.   ,    .         1905.    .        .        ,         1926.       1934.      ,    ,   1941. , ,      .     , ,        ,           (  )   .      ,   ,           .  1949.     1964.      ,      .     ,     (  )  ,                  .       (Baran P. The political economy of growth. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1957)         .         .]              ,  ,      - .              .        ,      ,         ,          .

  1950-60- .    ,    ,              -,               ,   , , .           ,       . ,          (     ),      .   ,        (     ). ,      ,      ,           .    ,                         .

       ,  1890-  1940- .      ,                     ,              ,              .       ,          .         ,             . (        .)

         ,       , , ,       .       .          :  ,  ,  ,     [9 - Oskar Lange (19041965)  ,       .  1933-1945.    ,  1938.     (   ,      ).  1945.               .   1944.              .         :   ,        ,  .  1953 


.       ,     .      , ,         ,     (          ).       ,           .  ,         ,   .Karl Polanyi (18861964) - ,   () ,          ,    ,    .         .       ,    1960- .        .         (1944,   2002),        XIX.             1914.   1990- (          )           .       ,    .          ,             .Franz L. Neumann (19001954)    ,   -,        (   ).         ()  .   ,          .             . ,               ,    .     -       .   .     :    - (1942),       -   .Michal Kalecki (18991970)  ,    1930- .,   ,      .     . . ,    ,    ,    .    -.      .    1990- .        . ,    .         ,         ,   ,   .      1954.,        ,  ,      .         .        , ,  ,          .   ,  ,          ,            .].

      1966. .          , ,           ,                 (  )   .            .    ,        .  ,      .           ,    .       .        15 .

  --        . ,    1960-            -   ,    .         ,  1979.              ,     ,         ,     ,            .       1960- .          ,       ,            .             ,        .           .

 --             -    .     , ,  ,  .[10 - Arrighi G., Saul J. Essays on the Political Economy of Africa. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1973; Arrighi G. La Geometria dellImperialismo: ilimiti del paradigma hobsoniano. Milano: Feltrinelli, 1978 (     1978).]     ,            .  ,     ,         ,      .

        .     !     1969.,      .        ,     .          ,  ,        .   ,         1968.     .     .      ,         - ,   1945.  ,  ,      ,         .     ,          ,      -   .         ,          . , ,   ,           .           ,   ,        . ,  ,       .            ,      : ,      . - Italiano vero.[11 -  .]

     ,             . ,           .        ,              (    ,            ).[12 - Arrighi G., Piselli F. La Calabria dallUnita ad Oggi. Parentela, Clientela e Comunita. Tori no: Einaudi, 1985.         : Arrighi G., Piselli F. Capitalist Development in Hostile Environments: Feuds, Class Struggles, and Migrations in a Peripheral region of Southern Italy // Review. 1987. Vol. X. No. 4,     .  Inga Brandell (ed.) Workers in Third World Industrialization. London: Macmillan 1991.]

       .[13 - Antonio Gramsci (18911937)    ,       ,  .      1926.    ,              ,     ,    .         1950- .,      Quaderni del Carcere   .]      1968.    ,       ,    ,               .  1970- .               .  ,     ,     ,                .

          (,    ,   1905.,  ,       ),       ,    ,    .  ,     ,   -   .   ,     (   )     .    -     ,    ,      . (            .)            .           .

        .      .                1950- .,       ,   ,         .      .   ,       ,  , ,     ,     .     ,     .  ,  ,     ,      .

 ,     ,      .    ,   ,         .     .   ,         :



     (,         );

      (       1945.        1968.);

       . (      ,                 ,   [14 - Yurchak A. Everything was forever, until it was no more: the last Soviet generation. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2006.]).



  ,  ,      ,     .  , , , .   ,    .

   ,       . -,      .  -     -.  , -    ,   ,         ,     .  ,        .      ,     -     :  -      , -          ,   ,     ,  -    .

        .         [15 - Joseph Alois Schumpeter (18831950)  ,     . ,      ,     .    ( ,     .)      1932.      ,        - ,     ,   (,       ),        -  (              ).       ,    ,     ,      .        :  ,              .      ,   ,      ,    ,          . (         .)    ,    ,      ,     .     (     ),       .          :   ,               .].    ,      .   ,           .

 ,      ,  ,            .        ( ),      (    ),      ( ),   ( ),        (          ,   ,          ). , ,         ,       ,       .        ,     ,      ,   .       ,    ,          ,        ,    ,      . ,     ,                .      ,      :    ,        .

          .         .[16 -        . ,  ,         .  ,     ,     ,            (Ernst Mayr)    .]    ,  ,        ,           ,       XIX .

 ,                     .    ,    ,    ,      (  )      -,      - .         ,              .    ,          .

              ,    .  1979.                -  .              [17 - Terence K. Hopkins (19291997)  ,       .  1950- .              ,     ,       .    ,        .       .     ,     ,      ,      .]    ,              (       : 1989    1968 ).[18 - Arrighi G., Hopkins T. K., Wallerstein I. Rethinking the concept of class and statusgroup in a world-system perspective // Review. 1983. Vol. VI. No. 3; Arrighi G., Hopkins T. K., Wallerstein I. 1989, the Continuation of 1968 // Review. 1992. Vol. XV. No. 2.]

 1970- .     .    - ,        ,  ,        .        ,                1970- .      .      ,         . ,   ,      .

        ,      (              ).               [19 - Andre Gunder Frank (19292005)      ,          .  ,    ,      ,         ,        ,        .        -                ,     .  1957.         ,           ,         .        ,    ,      .     1960.     ,       (        ).   ,      (      ),         .  19671973.        ,         ,      ,            .   -    .Samir Amin (. 1931)     (       ),     .          ,     ,     .                  ,   -      . (      ). ,         ,       .     ,                 .          ,    . ,  ,        (        ),          .].      ,             .[20 - Amin S., Arrighi G., Frank A. G., Wallerstein I. Dynamics of global crisis. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1982; Amin S., Arrighi G., Frank A. G., Wallerstein I. Transforming the revolution: Social movements and the world system. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1990.]      -      ,          .    .

  1920- .    .       :       80%     20%.       .   :     .   - ,      .       ,      .           򻠖    ,      , ,  ,   ,       .[21 - Frank A. G. ReOrient: global economy in the Asian Age. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998.]        .            ,  ,   .       , ,        ,     .

    ,        -        .  ?    ,  .    .          .   ,        ,       .         ,    ,  .       ,            ,    ,          . ,        ,             .       ,      ,       .          ,    .

        .    ?      ?      , ,   , ,   ,  ,           .[22 - Wallerstein I. The modern world-system: Vol. 1. Capitalist agriculture and the origins of the European world-economy in the sixteenth century. Vol. 2. Mercantilism and the consolidation of the European world-economy, 16001750. Vol. 3. The second era of great expansion of the capitalist world-economy, 17301840s. New York, Academic Press, 1974, 1982, 1989.]  ,     ,   ,  ,           .

     1994.        .      ,        .           .    ,          (..     1960- .)     ,   1985  1995.   ,     .

        ,      ,      1990. -,       ,              XIX.        . -,             ,      (      , , )     ,       .      -           . ,              ,          ,          .          .

, ,               ,             .         ,          .

 1996.             -  .[23 -           .  . . Arrighi G. Capitalism and the modern world-system: rethinking the non-debates of the 1970s // Review. 1998. Vol. XXI. No. 1.]    ,       .  ,      .               .  ,    ,   ,    .      1974.     ,    ,           .

-,  ,           ,                     [24 - Skocpol T. Wallersteins world capitalist system: atheoretical and historical critique // American Journal of Sociology. 1977. Vol. 82. No. 5,].           ,          ,     .  ,  ,      ,             ,       . ,  ,                       .       ,     ,         [25 - McNeill W. The pursuit of power. University of Chicago Press, 1982.].      .     ,           ,    ,      .      ,             ,       -  ,     .          . ,  ,                 .        .

  , -                 .  ,  ,          .   ,       ,     . ,  ,          ,    . ,           ,     (    ,  ),            ,           . ,    ,          . ,    ,          .  ,  ,            .              ,    [26 -    ,      ,      Past & Present     : The Brenner debate: agrarian class structure and economic development in pre-industrial Europe / Eds. T. H. Aston and C. H. E. Philpin. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985.].

,                ,              [27 - North D. C., Thomas R. P. The rise of the Western world; anew economic history. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1973.].       ,         .  ,          -   ,   , ,       ,      .

,                .  ,             XVI.,   ,   ,    ,     .       .     .        .      ,     ,         .           ?     ,       ,            ?

   !      ,      :     (  ),    ?      ,               ,     .  ,   1970- .      .           ,     . ,       .



  1990-       ,   .     -,      ,      [28 - Beverly Silver,     ,                130 .         . . Forces of labor: workers movements and globalization since 1870. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003.],     .   , ,    ,    .

         /   .               .    ,             .         ,         (  !),    .  ,        ,             (  ?),        ,      .

     .           .        ,          ,    .    ,     ,    (-  ,       ,        ).    ,       ,   .    ,  1994.,     .       ,                   ,     -.

          .     ,     .     XXI     :    .           , ,   -,     ,  ,      .

 ,  , 

 ,  -, 




   


              1970- .          ,  ,           .       18731896     19141945 .            ,  ,    .

            . ,     ,             .      ,         XIX .

     ,      ,         [ ]:          (Tilly 1984: 147).          1980- .      ,         1970-,     .          ,              .

                ,     ,      .             ,     ,       .      ,                .                   .           .

           : 1)    XIX   XX ,              ; 2)   1950-1960- ,              ; 3)   ,            , ,    .          ,     ,             ,            .   ,                   ,        .

            ,       ,    .         ,         .                           ,    .

         - .    opus magnum ,         .



       ,        .        ,   .      .                .  ,    ,  .       , , ,     .    -     ?    ,   ;   ,   ;  ,   ,      .       !    .      ,   ? , -    ,          .            ,    .             ,     (Tilly 1984: 7071, 7374).


       ,   .   ,  ,     ,   ,   ,   ,     .    ,                     (Tilly 1984: 63, 74).

        ,           .        - ,    ,   ,         ,            .         -                 ,          .

 ,                     (longue duree )     ,      .           (, ,    ),        ,      .                 .        , ,         ,         . , ,   .     ,                ,  .                       ,     1800 ,      .          .           ,          ,     .

          .      ,  ,  ,      ,    ,      ,    .         ,             (.: Arrighi 1990b).         ,          ,    ,     .

   ,  -    .  ,    ,   ,             .

             ,       ,     ,         .     (Mayer 1981: x),     ,       ,      씻. ,   , ,    ,          ,     .

,         ,     ,   .        ,      1970- ,     1981 ,         .         ,      ,    ,    .

            ,       ,       ,    .     ,   longue duree,        .           .  ,             ,      XVI ,   ,       .   ,    ,     ;        ,      ,      .  ,  longue duree         ,    ,    .              ,   .

         ,       ,         ,             -  .   ,           ,      .     ,        .       .

           -  ,           ,      .       ,    ,  .          ,         .         ;         ,      .

                  ,         1989 ,       Review (Summer 1990),      ,      (Gill 1993).   2  3         ,       1990 .     ,    ,    1988 ,     ,      .                     ,               ,   .

 ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,             .          ,         .           .   ,  ,           .

,     .      ,     .  ,     ,            .         .             .          ,       .



 

 1994 







       ,   ,    .  1970-     .  1980-       .  1990-      ,   1970-   ,         ,   , ,    .

    ,         ,     ,      .   ,               ,        ,  ,     1950-1960- .                  .         ,      , ,   , ,      .

        ,   1970- ,  ,      -  .          .

     .  1970-  , -,                      (Frobel, Heinrichs and Kreye 1980; Bluestone and Harrison 1982; Massey 1984; Walton 1985).  1980- , , -,              (Gordon 1988).       1970-         (Sassen 1988; Scott 1988; Storper and Walker 1989).

           .   ,     ,     ,           ,        ,    ,         ,    (Piore and Sable 1984; Sable and Zeitlin 1985; Hirst and Zeitlin 1991).       ,    ,  ,     ,      ,       ,     ,     ,                  (Lomnitz 1988; Portes, Castells, and Benton 1989; Feige 1990; Portes 1994).

             ,            ,    -   (.: Boyer 1990; Jessop 1990; Tickell and Peck 1992).         ,     ,         .          ,  ,     ( ).     ,         .  ,   ,     1970-  (Aglietta 1979b; De Vroey 1984; Lipietz 1987; 1988).

 ,   ,      -,            .    ,         (Offe 1985)           (Lash and Urry 1987)        . ,      ໠                       ,          .

     ,      ,   (Harvey 1989) ,          -    ,      .  19651973 ,  , ,            ,    :     ,         : .             ,                  .



               ,    ,              ,   ,      (Harvey 1989: 142).


              - ,      1960- ,      1970- .    ,   ,    - ,     ,      , .           ,         . ,           ,   -           (Harvey 1989: 145, 168).

 ,   ,                  .                   1970-1980-        .      ,         ,            ,    ,         .             (Harvey 1989: 191194).

   ,        ,     ,      ,     .



    ,   , ?                   ,         ?         ,       ,    ?                 ,   1970        (Harvey 1989: 173).


,      ,     ,   .                      .       -      , ,     ,   .

,        ,         longue duree,     ,     ,    ,         .



         :   ,       . ,   ,       XIII    ,          ( 1988: 432).


      , -,   ,   XIX ,   []      .     ,            ,        .     .



          ,    ,     ,     ,       ,     :        , ,   ( 1988: 377).


 ,           :   җ'.   ()  , ,  .   ()  ,           .    ,      . '   ,    .

     ,                      .             .    , ,               ,               .  ,   ,           .

                .        XVIII ,      ,  ,         .        XV ,          ,     XVI ,   nobili vecchi,    ,    .           XIX   XX ,            ( 1988: 243244; 247).

       -         1970-1980- .       ,    ,          .                     ,            :        ,     ,  ;      ( 1988: 247;  . . .).

 ,      (    ')           ,        .           (     )       (  ' ).            ,       ;             ,      ,      :   '.    ,  ,      (    ').

 ,  ,        ,   : 1)    ,         ; 2)      ,           .      ,               :   XV   XVII ,    XVI    XVIII ,     XVIII   XX    ,     XIX        .       ,     , ,       ,     :    ,            .

       (  )     ,     .            ,         (   .: Barr 1979; Goldstein 1988).          .  ,          ( 1992: 74).               .      ,       ()  (. .10   ).

          ,        ,     () .      .        ,     ,            ,        ,     .

        ,          . , ,        -     .                 ,     .   ,     ,   () ,      ,     ()        ()      .

  ,   , -,     .  ,                    .      ,            ,      .   ,              (Goldstein 1988: 258274, 286).

                .   (Bousquet 1979: 503)  ,       XVI .       (Bergesen 1983: 78)   ,             .   , -,     ,    (Hartwell 1982; Skinner 1985).           (Gills and Frank 1992: 621622)     ,               5000 ,   500 ,        .

 ,                   .    , ,             .        .      ,        :     ,              ,     ,   ( 1988: 7, 221, 428432).

        (    '),                      (,  )    (, ).             ( )        ,        .    ,          ,                .       ,                  ,     .    ,     ,          ,       Ė '.

 ,                 .            .          ,     .        ,     (Mensch 1979),   (Gordon 1980)    (Perez 1983),            .

,              -   .  (Mensch 1979: 73)     ,    ,   ,        ,      (. .1).         ,    ,   ,         .






: Mensch (1979: 73)



.1.   



                         .     ,        ,         ,        .    ,           ,           . ,    (  )     ,          .     (  ')     ,             ,             .

                  ,           ,    -.       -           ,            .   ,      ,        -,         .           ,     ,    -               .

        ,               ,   ,      .   ,          ,           ,      . , ,                  (.: Wallerstein 1991: chs 1415).

,       , ,     ,        ,    .                 .    ,      ,  ,    ,    ,       ( 1988: 56, 220).



  [ ],      ,      ;      ,   . ,     , ,          .           ,   ,    ,    . ( 1988: 220;  . . .)


                         .    - (Abu-Lughod 1989), ,                  XIII .   ,       , ,            .

    ,        ,            ,   ,                 ,       .    ( 1992: 88),       ,     XVI ,    .       ,       ,     XV .

                :                  .



         ,     ,  ,  , , , , . ,    ,    ,           .         , ,     ,   ,        ,          ,      ,   .      ,            ( 1992: 501).


,  ,        ,             -   -.    ,   ,   ,       ,        .               ,        ,   .



   ,     ,    .         -   , ,     .   XVII  -          ,    .     1688     ,   ( 1993: 69;  . . .).


         .        ,  ,      ,      .   ,            .            ,              .



         ,        .         ,      .     ,           ,        .             .       ,     ,     .  ,         ,      ,       . ( 2001: 305)


       ,  (Weber 1978: 353354) ,        ,       



            ,        .  ,  -   .                 .


       ,   ,                     ,          . ,    ,    ,                    -,        .  ,      ,         ,         ,           .  ,                ,               .

               .   ,     ,     ,        ,      .



 , ..     : ,   ,      .    ,             ,        ,          - .       ,          ,  ,       ,     ( 1960: 764765).


                ,               .               (    ),      ,     ( 1960: 725).              ,      ,                    .



       ,               . ,           ,         .       .    XVIII .        .    17011776.           ,       .             ( 1960: 765766).


   ,     ,    ,   ,    ,    .     , ,            ,                 .    ,         .        ,                ,  -.           ,          ,    ,       .

 ,  ,                  ,   ,      ,                    .                .  ,           ,     ,    ,           ,     ,   ,       ,     ,  .

 ,                 -,    .  ( 1993: 71)    ,               :   ,          -   .   ,          .     ,               .      ,               .

         ,  ,           ,    .         .   ,   ,   .

    ,                    .     1980-                   . ,        (Kotkin and Kishimoto 1988: 123),  ,      ,           ,   ,        ,    (,   ),       .    ,                ,  ,  ,             .                   ,        ,  .  ,         ,       XIX .                .    ,       .    ,        (. : Kotkin and Kishimoto 1988: 121123).

                     ,   1979 .     (Comings 1987: 64),      :           ,  ,         .       ,    .

        ,      ,    .       ,    ,     (Mann 1986),    .     ,  ,     ,      ,                    .                ,        ,            .    -                       ,         1980   1990-   ,            .

 ,                 -          ,     (Halliday 1986).  ,    1970-1980-           .  ,         ,      , ,  ,                       .

         1980-       .  ,             ,            :  , -,  . ,    ,        .

              ,     .    ,     ( )       ()    . -     -  1980-  , , ,   .        ,       ,    .

                          .        ,    .      ,                  ,         .       , ,     .  ,       .

         1985 .  ,  ,       ,      . ,    - ,   ,               .   1987         1980-         .        1987         ,           ,    1987  (Helleiner 1992: 434).

,    ,         -      ,            ,     ,         .           .    ,        ,     ,      .

      ,  ,        .      :                -.               ,   ,      ,            ,    .

                ,          .                ,            .      ,      ,    . ,   1987             Fujitsu,       Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation.   ,     (Krasner 1988: 29), Fairchild    Schlumberger,        .

,        ,    ,       .             ,      .   -         Sony  1989  Columbia Pictures   Matsushita     MCA   .      Sony,         ,    Newsweek      .   ,        New York Times   (26 November 1993: A19),



   ,    ,    .       .               ,   ,        (. : Emmot 1993).


 ,   -                 1980- ,    ,                  .             ,            ?

     .         ,       ,      .      ,       ,      ,   ,      , ,         .    ,               ,  ,       -  ? ,  ,          ,             ?

                              .     ,         -          .                   .



   ;     ,    ,    ,      .          ,       .    ,      ,          ,     .       -  ,      ,    ,    .   , -,   ,      .   ,     ,         ,          . ,       ,   ,               , ,   ,                .           ,       ,                 (Smith 1961: II, 141;  .. .).


,    ,          -:       -      ;   ,          ,                      .

, ,    컠 ,        XX .       ,        ,             -                 ,     ,                   (   ).      ,                ,   ,        .   ,    ,     ,                    ( 1992: 391),     , contre-marche




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/dzhovanni-arrigi/dolgiy-dvadcatyy-vek-dengi-vlast-i-istoki-nashego-vremeni/)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


 .  ,   , XVXVIII. . 1.

 /. . . ,  . . . . .: , 1986.




2


Fernand Braudel (19021985)         .  1930- .     (Lucien Febvre)    (Marc Bloch)      : , ,  (  Annales E. S. C.)            (histoire total),             , , , ,   .               II,              19401945.           .  1944. ,           ,            .   ,   ,         (  ,    )    ,    ,  ,      .       ,  15-    Academie Frangaise.




3


The Handbook of Economic Sociology / Eds. N.J. Smelser, R. Swedberg. Princeton: Prince ton Unviersity Press, 1994.




4


Arrighi G. Braudel, Capitalism, and the New Economic Sociology //Review. 2001, Vol. XXIV. No. 1. P.107123.




5


Collins R. The mega-historians // Sociological Theory. 1985. Vol. 3. No. 1. Spring.




6


William H. McNeill (. 1917).   - .      -   .            - ,        1945.,    .          ,         ,     .        1989.,         .     (    ) .            .       ,          .  :   (The rise of the West. University of Chicago Press, 1963;  : .  . ; , 2004),    (Plagues and peoples. NY: Anchor, 1976)      (The pursuit of power. University of Chicago Press, 1982).       .




7


 .  ,   , XVXVIII. . 2.  . .: , 1988.




8


    1910.   ,    .         1905.    .        .        ,         1926.       1934.      ,    ,   1941. , ,      .     , ,        ,           (  )   .      ,   ,           .  1949.     1964.      ,      .     ,     (  )  ,                  .       (Baran P. The political economy of growth. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1957)         .         .




9


Oskar Lange (19041965)  ,       .  1933-1945.    ,  1938.     (   ,      ).  1945.               .   1944.              .         :   ,        ,  .  1953 


.       ,     .      , ,         ,     (          ).       ,           .  ,         ,   .

Karl Polanyi (18861964) - ,   () ,          ,    ,    .         .       ,    1960- .        .         (1944,   2002),        XIX.             1914.   1990- (          )           .       ,    .          ,             .

Franz L. Neumann (19001954)    ,   -,        (   ).         ()  .   ,          .             . ,               ,    .

     -       .   .     :    - (1942),       -   .

Michal Kalecki (18991970)  ,    1930- .,   ,      .     . . ,    ,    ,    .    -.      .    1990- .        . ,    .         ,         ,   ,   .      1954.,        ,  ,      .         .        , ,  ,          .   ,  ,          ,            .




10


Arrighi G., Saul J. Essays on the Political Economy of Africa. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1973; Arrighi G. La Geometria dellImperialismo: ilimiti del paradigma hobsoniano. Milano: Feltrinelli, 1978 (     1978).




11


 .




12


Arrighi G., Piselli F. La Calabria dallUnita ad Oggi. Parentela, Clientela e Comunita. Tori no: Einaudi, 1985.         : Arrighi G., Piselli F. Capitalist Development in Hostile Environments: Feuds, Class Struggles, and Migrations in a Peripheral region of Southern Italy // Review. 1987. Vol. X. No. 4,     .  Inga Brandell (ed.) Workers in Third World Industrialization. London: Macmillan 1991.




13


Antonio Gramsci (18911937)    ,       ,  .      1926.    ,              ,     ,    .         1950- .,      Quaderni del Carcere   .




14


Yurchak A. Everything was forever, until it was no more: the last Soviet generation. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2006.




15


Joseph Alois Schumpeter (18831950)  ,     . ,      ,     .    ( ,     .)      1932.      ,        - ,     ,   (,       ),        -  (              ).       ,    ,     ,      .        :  ,              .      ,   ,      ,    ,          . (         .)    ,    ,      ,     .     (     ),       .          :   ,               .




16


       . ,  ,         .  ,     ,     ,            (Ernst Mayr)    .




17


Terence K. Hopkins (19291997)  ,       .  1950- .              ,     ,       .    ,        .       .     ,     ,      ,      .




18


Arrighi G., Hopkins T. K., Wallerstein I. Rethinking the concept of class and statusgroup in a world-system perspective // Review. 1983. Vol. VI. No. 3; Arrighi G., Hopkins T. K., Wallerstein I. 1989, the Continuation of 1968 // Review. 1992. Vol. XV. No. 2.




19


Andre Gunder Frank (19292005)      ,          .  ,    ,      ,         ,        ,        .        -                ,     .  1957.         ,           ,         .        ,    ,      .     1960.     ,       (        ).   ,      (      ),         .  19671973.        ,         ,      ,            .   -    .

Samir Amin (. 1931)     (       ),     .          ,     ,     .                  ,   -      . (      ). ,         ,       .     ,                 .          ,    . ,  ,        (        ),          .




20


Amin S., Arrighi G., Frank A. G., Wallerstein I. Dynamics of global crisis. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1982; Amin S., Arrighi G., Frank A. G., Wallerstein I. Transforming the revolution: Social movements and the world system. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1990.




21


Frank A. G. ReOrient: global economy in the Asian Age. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998.




22


Wallerstein I. The modern world-system: Vol. 1. Capitalist agriculture and the origins of the European world-economy in the sixteenth century. Vol. 2. Mercantilism and the consolidation of the European world-economy, 16001750. Vol. 3. The second era of great expansion of the capitalist world-economy, 17301840s. New York, Academic Press, 1974, 1982, 1989.




23


          .  . . Arrighi G. Capitalism and the modern world-system: rethinking the non-debates of the 1970s // Review. 1998. Vol. XXI. No. 1.




24


Skocpol T. Wallersteins world capitalist system: atheoretical and historical critique // American Journal of Sociology. 1977. Vol. 82. No. 5,




25


McNeill W. The pursuit of power. University of Chicago Press, 1982.




26


   ,      ,      Past & Present     : The Brenner debate: agrarian class structure and economic development in pre-industrial Europe / Eds. T. H. Aston and C. H. E. Philpin. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985.




27


North D. C., Thomas R. P. The rise of the Western world; anew economic history. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1973.




28


Beverly Silver,     ,                130 .         . . Forces of labor: workers movements and globalization since 1870. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003.


