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 1. -    :  



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頖     .    ,        .  ࠖ     ,               .       ,        .      [1 -   ,   2002.       400. ., 蠖   100. .         ( )          (      ).]   [2 - ,         .].      ,      ,    ,         .    -               .              ,              .  ꠖ   ,             .          .  ꠖ           ( ,    .).                     .




1.1.        :    


       .       1990- . (  ?  ),     ,    (  ,  ),      -.        ( -   -),    ,     (  ,    ,   ).      .     ,         , ,   .       .

      ,   ,      ,     .     ,             .      ( ),                       ࠖ  24  53%[3 -          (16%)  .] (. 1.1).



 1.1.              2008., %






       .   ,    ꠖ  ,       .     ꠖ      .  ꠖ    ,       . 頖        .               ,    .      (, )      .   ꠖ   ,       (    ),       , - ,    .   -     ,     .

         .  . 1.2          ,           (  ,     .).  ,           .

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 1.2.              (    %    )[4 - *     ,  ,    ,   ,        ,  , , ,   .**    .]






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1.2.           


                ,        ( 3,4       ).     -    ,      (.1.1).         (    )    ,       .       ,       (      ).       .   ,            ()    , ..   .






.1.1.         19992008., %  1998.  



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     ,            ,       .         堖     , -      ,      (       ),           (.1.3).  ,      20082009.   , :

     ;

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.1.3.       , %  1990.  



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.1.4.   19992009.,    2006., . .  .



               (. 1.3).               .         ,    蠖   2009.  2010.      .



 1.3.           (1-  2008.), %






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 1.4.      , %






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1.3.     :    


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 2000- .     ,     2009.    (     ).        ࠖ   .           ,               .       ,                (.1.6).  ,               -  ,  , ,    .     .






.1.6.           20022009., %



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 1.6.  , %[5 - *    .]






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1.4.   :    


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 1.9.      - 2010., %    2009.











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2.1.   ,   ?


            ,   ,  ,  .         :  ,   ,    ..      ,      ,       .         .

        .     ,          ,               .              .

  ,         ,          .   , ,     .    :  ,  ,    .   : 1)   ; 2)            ; 3)              ; 4)         .            ,     ,      ,      ,   蠖     ,   - 頖         ,   蠖   ,          [6 - Smelser N.J. Processes of social change // N.J. Smelser (ed.). Sociology. An IntroductioN N.Y. Wiley, 1973 [1967] P. 747748.].         ,         . ,   ,     ,         .         .

  ,      ,           .       .       :  ,  ,       ,        .  ,     ,  , ..   , , ,    ,     XVI.     XIXXX.    , , , , ,   ,     ,       . ,       ,           ,   ,   ,   ,        ,      1.

     ,     ,   .  ,  ,     .       . :    ,          : , , ,  , ,  [7 -  . . 184.]. :  蠖  ,     .      ,  [8 - .     ( )//   :  /. ... .: -, 1999. . 464.].  ,            .                    ,    .        ,       . ,           .           .   蠖         ,   ;   蠖        ,    酻[9 - .   . .:  , 1996. . 169.]. ,           .             ,     :  ,     ,   .          ,     [10 - Porter M.E. Attitudes, Values, Beliefs, and the Microeconomics of Prosperity // L.E. Harrison, S.P. Huntington (ed.). Culture matters: how values shape human progress. N.Y.: Basic Books, 2000. P. 16.].

  ,    ,   ,    ,  ,               ,   ,                .           ,         .      ,     ,        .        ,        ,  .

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,  ,            ,      ,     . ,       ,    .     ,       ,      ,      [12 - Huntington S.P. The change to change: modernization, development and polities / C.E. Black (ed.). N.Y.; L., 1976. P. 31.].              [13 - Lawrence E.H. Why culture matters // L.E. Harrison, S.P. Huntington (ed.). Culture matters: how values shape human progress. P. xxv.]. ,     -    ,    .

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   ,    [19 -         ,         ,  ,  ,   ,         .             (..  :    //    .  -    /  . .., .., ... .: -   , 2005. . 299300). [1]   ,     ,    , ..    ,           ,         .       蠖 ,    (.: . ,     . .: , 1997).      ,   ,   , ,   ,   .        ,    ,    (Lawrence E.H. Why culture matters // L.E. Harrison, S.P. Huntington (ed.). Culture matters: how values shape human progress. P. xxviii).];

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                 ,           . ,  [20 -      ,             :   1970-     ,         ,               .   ,                  .              .   ,    ,         蠖 ,     ,   ,     ,    ,    ,         (Bayat A. Making Islam Democratic social movements and the post-islamist turN Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 2007. P. 22). ,          .]        ,      ,             .  ,        .    1990- .,      :        . ,          .    ,       ,    [21 - Perkins D.H. Law, Family Ties, and the East Asian Way of Bussiness// L.E. Harrison, S.P. Huntington (ed.). Culture matters: how values shape human progress. P. 243.].              ,      .          ,    ,         [22 - ..  :    //    .  -   . . 310.],           1990- .

              . ,      ,                      .               ,             [23 - ..  :    //    .  -   . . 305.].

,        ,          .                     (multiple modernities  alternative modernities)[24 -  ,            : modernization ()  modernity ().        ,   modernization     ,   modernity  .].



 ,        ,             .

 ,               :   ,    .         , ,   [ ],   ,          ,  ,     (, )    (,  ),  [25 - Gaonkar D.P. On Alternative Modernities //Public Culture. 1999. Vol. 11. N 1. P. 16.].         :         (    )         ,      [26 - Taylor C. Two Teor ies of Modern ity // Public Culture. 1999. Vol. 11. N 1. P. 162.].               ,  ,         .

       ࠖ         蠖    .    ,             .        ,       .   ,     ,     .                  [27 - Taylor C. Two Teor ies of Moder nity // P ubl ic Culture. 1999. Vol. 11. N 1. // P. 16 4.]. ,    ,     -  -  ,       ,     . ,   ,    , ,  ,   ,  , ,    , ,    ,  ,   ,   ,  , ,     ,     [28 - Wei-Ming Tu. Multiple Modernities: A Preliminary Inquiry into the implications of East Asian Modernity// L.E. Harrison, S.P. Huntington (ed.). Culture matters: how values shape human progress. P. 264.].

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      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


  ,   2002.       400. ., 蠖   100. .         ( )          (      ).




2


,         .




3


         (16%)  .




4


*     ,  ,    ,   ,        ,  , , ,   .

**    .




5


*    .




6


Smelser N.J. Processes of social change // N.J. Smelser (ed.). Sociology. An IntroductioN N.Y. Wiley, 1973 [1967] P. 747748.




7


 . . 184.




8


.     ( )//   :  /. ... .: -, 1999. . 464.




9


.   . .:  , 1996. . 169.




10


Porter M.E. Attitudes, Values, Beliefs, and the Microeconomics of Prosperity // L.E. Harrison, S.P. Huntington (ed.). Culture matters: how values shape human progress. N.Y.: Basic Books, 2000. P. 16.




11


He Chuanqi. The Model and Principle of the Modernization //Proceedings of International Conference on Geoinformatics and Modeling Geographical Systems & Fifth International Workshop on GIS, Beijing, 2nd-4th April, 2004. Beijing: High Education Press, 2004. P. 2.




12


Huntington S.P. The change to change: modernization, development and polities / C.E. Black (ed.). N.Y.; L., 1976. P. 31.




13


Lawrence E.H. Why culture matters // L.E. Harrison, S.P. Huntington (ed.). Culture matters: how values shape human progress. P. xxv.




14


       .: ., .    . .: B , 2001.




15


Mcdaniel T. Autocracy, Modernization, and Revolution in Russia and IraN Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1991. P. 82, 131.




16


. . . . 41.




17


.   :      . .: -   , 2006. . 41.




18


       .:  ., May ..      . .: , 2001.




19


        ,         ,  ,  ,   ,         .             (..  :    //    .  -    /  . .., .., ... .: -   , 2005. . 299300). [1]   ,     ,    , ..    ,           ,         .       蠖 ,    (.: . ,     . .: , 1997).      ,   ,   , ,   ,   .        ,    ,    (Lawrence E.H. Why culture matters // L.E. Harrison, S.P. Huntington (ed.). Culture matters: how values shape human progress. P. xxviii).




20


     ,             :   1970-     ,         ,               .   ,                  .              .   ,    ,         蠖 ,     ,   ,     ,    ,    ,         (Bayat A. Making Islam Democratic social movements and the post-islamist turN Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 2007. P. 22). ,          .




21


Perkins D.H. Law, Family Ties, and the East Asian Way of Bussiness// L.E. Harrison, S.P. Huntington (ed.). Culture matters: how values shape human progress. P. 243.




22


..  :    //    .  -   . . 310.




23


..  :    //    .  -   . . 305.




24


 ,            : modernization ()  modernity ().        ,   modernization     ,   modernity  .




25


Gaonkar D.P. On Alternative Modernities //Public Culture. 1999. Vol. 11. N 1. P. 16.




26


Taylor C. Two Teor ies of Modern ity // Public Culture. 1999. Vol. 11. N 1. P. 162.




27


Taylor C. Two Teor ies of Moder nity // P ubl ic Culture. 1999. Vol. 11. N 1. // P. 16 4.




28


Wei-Ming Tu. Multiple Modernities: A Preliminary Inquiry into the implications of East Asian Modernity// L.E. Harrison, S.P. Huntington (ed.). Culture matters: how values shape human progress. P. 264.




29


,       , , , ,   ,     ,       ,     (        ).




30


..            // . 2010. 209.


