    
 

  


         ,        .          ,       2003-2005 .        ,           . : . , ..-..; . ,            . .









     ,         ,        ,        ,    -.      , ,       ,    .        .

    ,          .        .  XVI  ,           :     ;     ;     .     :     .

   -   ,  ,    ..,    ,    .  ,        ,         ,   .

   -       -  ,        .           ,    .

                     - .

                  :           2003-2005 .




1.    


        .    ,        -  ,                   ,            .               ,    .

                          .    20                          (, Walther, 1912; Munckel, 1929, , 1936  ).     .

            ,             ,   .

      ,        -,   , ,          (. Lehmann, 1975).                 ,              .

 50-60-                  (Castle, 1954; Searle, 1968)      ,     ,  .               (Silver, 1958; Green, 1961).          .

                  (Adalsteinsson, 1974; Sponenberg, 1984).

,                      (,   ) (Keeler, 1942; 1947; 1951).          (Bamber, 1931; Searle, 1952; Bateman, 1954).

   ,       ,  ,   ,      ,           (,   , , ).               , ,     .

                . ,              ,              (),           (           ).

      ,   ,      (Overo lethal white foal syndrome  OLWS; Lethal dominant white).

            .                 .         1996 ,  Marklund         .     -    .

           90- .  1997                    .             .

               -       (, , , ,   .).   ,     :

 ,  (Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA)

 ,  (Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA)

  ,  (Dpartement de Gntique animale, Institut national de a recherche agronomique INRA, Centre de Recherche de Jouy, Jouy-en-Josas Cedex, France)

 ,  (Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Uppsala, Sweden)

    (Institut fuer Tierzucht, Zuerich Universitaet, Schweiz),

  . ,  (Molekularbiologisches Zentrum, LGF Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, BRD),     .

   ,  ,            .     ,           .




2.


      ,      .          Endothelin B (.  ),    .        IT (.  , , , ).

       ()   .   ,            ( MATP, 1R, ASIP  .).

    : -   - .        (. 1).       .          .        .

          ,   .     ,   ,   -  .       .



 1.  



       ,   ,      .        ,  .      ,  ,  ,         ,   .

, ,   ,         . ,  ,   ,   .

           ,    (),  ,     , ,  ,   .              .



              ,    ,  ,    ,        ,    .   (       )     .              .  ,       ,      .  , ,      .




3.   


   ,     ,    :   (,     )   .    :   ;  ()   ();            .         .

    ,    ,   ,         .     ,           .

           ,    ,     .       ,     , ,  ()  (  ).          .     ,       , ..   .   , ,      ,      ,  ,   .

         ,    .   1     ,    .

 1.      ,   











Extension (E)

Melanocortin 1-Rezeptor-Gen (MC1R)

 3



Agouti (A)

Agouti Signalprotein-Gen (ASIP)

 22



Albino (C)

 : -  (MATP)

 21



Tobiano (TO),

: C-KIT- (c-KIT)

 3



Roan (RN)

: C-KIT-(c-KIT)

 3



Sabino (Sb)

: C-KIT-(c-KIT)

 3



Dominant White (W)

: C-KIT-(c-KIT)

 3



Splashed White (Sp)

: C-KIT-(c-KIT)

 3



Overo (OV)

  B (EDNRB)

 17



Leopard (LP)

?

  1



Grey (G)

?

 25





3.1.   

         ,               .    (,   )    : E (Extension)  A (Agouti).

3.1.1.  Melanocortin-I-receptor (MC1R):  Extension

   ,    Extension,     .          .    MC1R   ,        -     (. 2).



 2.     MC1R   



      .        ,          .  ,   , ,     ().

      ,       .

         .         ,         .    (  )       ,    ,           .   ,  -       ,   .

3.1.2.  Agouti Signaling protein (ASIP):  Agouti

 ,     ,  ?-  (?-MSH).   ASIP    ?-MSH.          :

 ()   ASIP    ,   MC1,   ,     .            ,    ,         .       .

   ASIP  ,   MC1,         .     (),        ()  (. 3).



 3.      MC1R  ASIP



         ( 11 )         .                   ,      : , -,   ..       ,      .

         .  Agouti      Extension-. ,         ,        ,    :  (, , ),  (, , , )   (, ).                2.





 2.         



 x 

 

   

 



AAEE x AAEE

 x 

100% AA EE





AAEe x AAEe

 x 

25% AA EE

50% AA Ee

25% AA ee









AAee x AAee

 x 

100% AA ee





AaEE x AaEE

 x 

25% AA EE

50% Aa EE

25% aa EE









AaEe x AaEe

 x 

6,3% AA EE

12,5% Aa EE

6,3% aa EE

12,5% AA Ee

25% Aa Ee

12,5% aa Ee

6,3% AA ee

12,5% Aa ee

6,3% aa ee





















Aaee x Aaee

 x 

25% AA ee

50% Aa ee

25% aa ee









aaEE x aaEE

 x 

100% aa EE





AaEe x aaEe

 x 

25% aa EE

50% aa Ee

25% aa ee









Aaee x aaee

 x 

100% aa ee







3.2. -

        -,        .       ():     ,        .

            : Dilution (Dun)- ( ), Silver-Dapple ( )   Champagne. ,      -,     .

, ,      ,    ()   PMEL17,      ,     (DUN)   MYO5A.        ,       .

3.2.1.  Membrane associated transport protein (MATP):  Albino

  ,   ,     ,    Albino,       . ,    ,    ,     .

, -  ,         MATP (membrane-associated trasnporter protein  -  ),        .

          :     ,   .     ,      ,         ,    .

 ,              ( ):    ,      .                  :

     - (-)         ,     .         ,      .

     - (      ).      ,                    ,   ,   - ,      (Dun),       .

     - ().

   ccr       (-  ).

 ,    Cremello,       ,     .   ,       ,  ,    ,           .        Albino           ()  Albino          ()            .

  3               .

3.2.2. :  DUN (Dilution)

       ,    . , ,  a            .    ,            -.     :        ,   ,    [1 -         0,7-2,5 .]  ,    ,   ()  .

 3.          



 x 



  

 



aaEECC x aaEECccr

 x - (-)

50% aa EE CC

50% aa EE Cccr



  (-)



AAEECC x AAEECccr

 x - ()

50% AA EE CC

50% AA EE Cccr



- ()



-eeCC eeCccr

 x - ()

50%   ee CC

50%   ee Cccr



- ()



aaEECccr x aaEECccr

  x  

25% aa EE CC

50% aa EE Cccr

25% aa EE ccrccr



 





AAEECccr x AAEECccr

- () x - ()

25% AA EE CC

50% AA EE Cccr

25% AA EE ccrccr



- ( )





eeCccr x eeCccr

- () x - ()

25%   ee CC

50%   ee Cccr

25%   ee ccrccr



- ()





aaEECC x aaEEccrccr

 x  ( )

100 % aa EE Cccr

 



AAEECC x AAEEccrccr

 x  ( )

100% AA EE Cccr





eeCC x eeccrccr

 x  ( )

100%   ee Cccr





aaEEccrccr x aaEEccrccr

 ( ) x  ( )

100 % aa EE ccrccr

 ( )



AAEEccrccr x AAEEccrccr

 ( ) x  ( )

100% AA EE ccrccr

 ( )



eeccrccr x eeccrccr

 ( ) x  ( )

100%   ee ccrccr

 ( )



        ,           .    ,   ,   ,        .   4            .

3.2.3. :  Silver dapple

      ,   -,     ,     ,            .          ,  .

 4.          



 x 



  

 



aaEEDD x aaEEdd

 x 

100 % aa EE Dd





AAEEDD x AAEEdd

- x 

100% AA EE Dd

-



eeDD x eedd

 x 

100%   ee Dd





aaEEDD x aaEEdd

 x 

25% aa EE DD

50% aa EE Dd

25% aa EE ddr









AAEEDD x AAEEdd

- x -

25% AA EE DD

50% AA EE Dd

25% AA EE dd

-

-





eeDD x eedd

 x 

25%   ee DD

50%   ee Dd

25%   ee dd









      (   -)      -    .      ,       -- ,     ,    .          ,  ,       ,    -       ,     ,   .       ,     .




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