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            - ,        .               .           ,                ,  ,       .  ,         ,     ,   , ,   .[1 -      .:  . .    . .:  , 2004.]           ;             .       ,     (  ),   (      )   - .   ,   ,       ;   ,              .[2 -  .:  . . :     //  II.  .  II -  :  ,   , 2122  2008 . . 91105.]            ,        ,     .  ,     ,   ,       - ,         .

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      -    :

     (. , . , .   .)    (. , . , . , .   . .)   ;      - .    (. , . ,

. -, . , .   .),     (. , . , . , . , . )      (   .   . )   (. )[26 - .,  :  .       //      XIXXX . .: , 1987;  .  . . . .: , 1989;  .  . .: , 1999;  .  . .: Socio-Logos, 1993;  .  . .: , 1995;  .   . .:  ,2000.  . .      :   . .: , 1998;  . . . . . .: , 1996;  . .     ( ). .: , 1998;  .-.  . .: , 1998;  . .  : , ,  . .: , 1999;  .  :   /   . . . .  . .,  . . .: , 2004;  . .   . .: , 1977;  . . -   . .: , 1994;  . .   . .: , 1987; Debord G. Society of the spectacle. Detroit: Black And Red, 1970; Jameson F. The Political Unconscious: Narrative as Socially Symbolic Act. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1981; Habermas J. The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: An Inquiry into a Category of Borgeous Society / Tr. by Burger B., with the assistance of Lawrence F. Cambridge: Polity, 1979; Verschueren J. Understanding Pragmatics. London: Edward Arnold, 1999; .].                  .-.   ;

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    , ,        ,      ,             ,       I,       .  (,   )          ,    .           ,      ,                ,        .  ,           ,          ,   ,        XX .

            :     19701996 ,               .                  ,      .  ,      ,    ;     ,  ,     ,        .




 1

    



         -      XX .    ,           .      ,  , ,    ,   ,      ,    .  ,      ,        ,    ,        .     ,     ,  :            .

                ,  .   1             ,   -       .                19702006 ,    ,     .      2.




 1.     19702006 





1.1.      





1.1.1.     


     ,   ,           ,     ,        .               ,    , ,       .

             (  )   (  )     ,        .[31 -  .: Dunleavy ., OLeary . Op. cit. . 32178.]       ,  - , ,   ,     :  (.   . .)   (  X. --).     XX                 .            (     ,    ),     .    ,  -                ,    (, , - ).[32 - .:  . . -        //  :    . .: , 2007. . 291292.]      , ,  ,       ;       . ,        ,  -     , ,  ,  ,    .[33 -  . . 292295.]   -         (   )      .[34 -  . . 297;               .:  ..      // : , , . 1999. 1. . 7983;  . .      //     . 2000.  3. 1. URL: http://www.soc.pu.ru/ publications/jssa/2000/l/06duka.html.]       ,       ;        ,     ,   ,  ,       .[35 -  . . . . . 294295.]             ;           .    ,       ;         .   ,  ,        (established) :        ,  ,                  .           : ,          ,    ,    .   ,    ,            ,   ,    ,    .

 ,         ,     :           . ,   ,         ,     .  1920-30-   . X.   ,  :             ,    . 3.            :  ,    .        .   . .  (      ),             .     (. , . ),          .       :         (,  ,  );   ,    ( );       .[36 -   .   . URL: http:// www.33333.ru/teoriya/glossariy/glossariy.php?st=766.]         .    ?,      .[37 -  . .       . URL: http://jiBT-ll.narod.ru/stat/tarusina.htBT.]  1950- .     .           ,       񻠖  .      -      .  1970-      ,   .   . , X.          ,      ,        (  )     .[38 - : , ,   ()   .  . . URL: www.mgimo.ru/kf/docs/course_elitology.htm.]

    (. , . , . . , . )     ໠ .           ,       ,   ,   .       ; ,          .    ,  ,   ;       ,     .        ,    ;      ,     ,     [39 -  . . . .],       status quo.      (. )  1950-  ,   ໠ ,      (leadership).  . ,        ,   ,      .[40 - . . .]

     ,        ,          .  :         ,    ,       .           [41 -  . . . .]      .              . , .   .  (.  1,1).




1.1.2.   


         ,    . , .  ,          .         ,  ,       ,    ,  ,    .      ,    ,          .[42 - . . .]       ,            .        -   ; , , ,         .   . .        .[43 - ., .:  . .   :    // . 2004. 2. URL: www.politstudies.ru/ arch/2004/2/12.htm;  . .    :         . .: , 2004.]           ,      .            (    ),              (        ,    ),          .

      -     . .  ,        :      [44 -  .   //  . 2004. 22 . URL: http://old.russ.ru/culture/20041222_cron.htBLLl.],       . , . , .        .  ,            ,                       .               ( , ,  ,     . .).      -; ,         ,    [45 -  .] ,           .           ,         ;  ,             .[46 - URL: http://warwebl.chat.ru/gusin.htm.]            ,             .[47 - URL: http://antinwo.narod.ru/NewRes.files/NWO/00_NMP.htm.]-       [48 - URL: http://x-bratstvo.org/archives/19.]   , : , , .     . ,                 ,      ,      (   ).           ,     ,   ,  , , .         .      :            ,     .    ,     .     ,      ,       [49 -  . . .]:      .




1.1.3.   


 XX ,  ,           ()            .      -       ,        ,        .

 . .         .[50 -  . . . .]  ,    :     (         (. )[51 -  .:  . . . . 2841.]);  (              );    ( -        -);  (          );   (          ).

      ,      .      . .      :    ,    ,     .          ,    (  )   (  )[52 - . , .; . :  . . . . .]. ,  ,  -:     ,        ,       (  )           , ,    ,          ,   ,     ,         [53 -  . .,  . .,  . .        //  . 1996. 4. . 43.  ,        ,            - .].    ,    -,   ; , ,  ,        .    :  ,     1 %   .




1.1.4.      


          ,      .  ,           : ,   .            .       ,      .        ( ,   ,   )        ,     .           XIII ,     .       ,      ,           ,       .    ,   1999      ( )  7/8    .   1999        (House of Lords Act 1999)      [54 - ., .:  .     //  .1999. 28 . URL: http://www.ng.ru/world/1999-10-28/lords.html.],          (9 ), 26 --,  500    92 ,      .  2005        ,       (Constitutional Reform Act 2005)     ,             .         ,          .            XIX ,   1999     ,   ,      suspensive veto[55 -  suspensive veto ,          12 ,     .]  ,        .

        ,       XVII          ,  - (  /).  1906         ,    (Labour Party); 1911     .       .   XX           ;        (Lib-Dems)    ,    ,     .             :   ,  ,    .    (1),  (1)    (4)       , , ,        .     ,           ,         .          ;       ,        .

  ,     ,           .         .     ,       (general elections)   ,         .        :

         ,                  ;

           (   , Shadow Cabinets) , ,             ;

           , ,           ;

      .

       ; - (   )    .              .[56 -   . URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Officer_of_State.]             .

            ,   .                              . ,     .  ,            ,    ,      ,      [57 - Edgerton D. Warfare State. Britain, 19201970. Cambridge: University Press, 2006. P. xiv.];             [58 - Ibid. P. xv.].                .[59 -  .: Ibid. Preface.]

           .       ,      .    . ,                  .[60 -  .: Clark P. Op. cit.]             spad ( special advisor),               ,            XX .

     XX       .    , ,  ,  ;   1970              .           2005  (.  1,2).     ,              (.  1,3)             (     ,   )    .       ( 6 %  1987   20 %  2005 )  ,          ( 3 %  8 %   2005 ).         .[61 - URL: http://www.parliament.uk/commons/lib/research/notes/snsg-01528.pdf.]                  .  , ,      . . -,       ,          [62 -  . .   :     . URL: http://jim-ll.narod.ru/stat/peregudov.htm.].

           -  . ,    2005  119 (18 %)    ; 4     2001   523 (81 %)     20012005 [63 - Ibid.].                  [64 - Ingham . Op. cit. P. 139146.],             .   ,               .[65 - Ibid. P. 100107.]     ,                .

      .          .            ,    ,  .          (  4060 ,        upper middle class),           .

                       .             (      ).       -              1970-,    1980-,    1990-     2000-.        (         ),            .  ,           ,          . -,    ,                .            1960- ,     (welfare state),          .        ,     -  2000-        ,   ,    .  -      ,            -.[66 - Scott J. Transformations in the British Economic Elite // Comparative Sociology. 2003. Vol. 2,  1. P. 156.].       [67 -  .: Windolf P. Elite Networks in Germany and Britain // Sociology. 1998. Vol. 32,  2. P. 321351.]      (elite networks).     ,   ,              ,        - .[68 - Ibid. P. 328.]          .[69 - Mccormack A., Useem M. Op. cit. P. 386.        ,        .] , .   .  ,              ()                    (executive-club networks)           [70 - Ibid. . 388.]       .

    ,           .    -       (sponsoring departments),             ,          .                   (pressure groups).




1.1.5.    .  


      ,  ,         The Establishment.     ,            .          (  ); ,     .[71 - . URL: http://establishment.tatincom.ru.]        ,          ,   ,       .[72 - ,        The Establishment    () .        ,    ,    ,       ,  .]     (   [73 -       (  )   .           :  (,     ; ., Hudson River   )   (,  ; ., Mrs Hudson   ).             ,      ,        .]),            ;   2010     -    .[74 - ., .,      2000  (URL: www.ng.ru/ideas/2000-10-28/8_verbal_freedom.html)      2005  (URL: www.karelia.ru/psu/Structure/NewsPaper/2005/0325/4.htm).]        : /      ( )  ;    [75 -     . ., 1998. . 403.].    ,      .      .

        - . ,       : ,  1973   establishment  ; -    [76 -  - . .:  , 1973. . 272.].  ,         .   ,    ,        1960-70- ,  -,     ,    (. , . , . , .   .),      .[77 - ., .:  . .  . .: , 1969;  . .  -.   . .: , 1961;  . .   . .: , 1977;  . .  . 19681978. .:  , 1981.]

    -  . .   1981 : ;        ; -   ;  [78 -  . . -  / 17- . .:  , 1981. . 259.].      ,    ,      ,   ,       ,    ,     .  - -   2002   Establishment    [79 - - - . .:  , 2002. . 183.],    .

     .        Multitran:  [80 - URL: http://www.multitran.ru/c/m.exe?t=1697130_2_l&ifp=l.].  -      : establishment (   )     : )  ,    ,    (); )    -   (,  )[81 - URL: http://www.transinter.ru/tools/,  establishment.].        : The Establishment     ,             ,                 . ,          ,   [82 - URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Establishment.].

        ,     ,       .           ,    .  ,            ,         ;       -    (,  )  XX    .       ,           .

            ,       .[83 - .: Elias N., Scotson J. L. The Established and the Outsiders. A Sociological Enquiry into Community Problems. London: Sage, 1994; Scientific Establishments and Hierarchies. Sociology of the Sciences Yearbook / Ed. by Elias N., Martins H., Whitley R. Dordrecht: Reidel, 1982.]       ,        ,         .         ;      ,  .

    : ,    ,     ,           .  , ,     :  1960-70-     ,  .          ; ,         1980- - (    )  ,     [84 - URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Establishment.           ,   ,   ,       ,       .] ( . . .).    ,  ,           ,   ( . ).  ,   ,      ,    .            ,  ,        ,          .               .

    ,     :     ,       ,         ,                ,    ,      .   ,       ;            .          .                   .




1.2.      





1.2.1.   


     ,                  .[85 - ., ., ,           (   )       : Davis A. Whither Mass Media and Power? Evidence for a Critical Elite Theory Alternative // Media, Culture & Society. 2003. Vol. 25, Issue 5. P. 669690.]     :

        ,      ,        ,     ,    - .       1884 ,        .[86 - .: TunstallJ. Newspaper Power. The New National Press in Britain. Oxford: University Press, 1996. Chapter 10.]        ,         ,       ,             .             - ,        1980-[87 -                          .             .    ( )   ( )                      ,    .        ,   ,       ,     ,      .  . URL: www.bilderberg.org/bap.htm#Tom.];

    ,  .           media celebrities,  celebs ().             ,    , -,     ,    -  ()    .        ,            ,       ,       ,                         .[88 - Solomon N. The Habits of Highly Deceptive Media. Monroe (ME): Common Courage Press, 1999. P. 42.]   ,            ;

         .    , ,   ,              ,    .        ,    (   ,      )        ,    ;

     : , , .                     ;

       (media persons with mediated personalities)  ,     ,               ;

       ,           .  ,   ,       .

 ,   XX               (  ) ,        .

          XX , ,       :

  : /,   (   )   ,       ,       (      ),  ,   ,   ,     .                           ;

 :   -   ( ,    ,     ),  ,    ,       ;

:  ,  ,      ,  ;

 (celebrities)   , -, , ,        ,    ,        .

  ,                   .         ,        .




1.2.2.       


      ,   ,                [89 - Cotier . Marketing Management. The Millennium Edition. London: Prentice Hall International, 2000. P. 6567.],     .  ,     ;           .         ; ,          :                      [90 -     .   www.glossary.ru      Glossary Commander.].     , ,        , ,       .            (+),              ,   ,        .     (, )        ,        .

      . -,       (   )    [91 -        www.glossary.ru  www.rubricon.com        .],    ,                  .      ,     ,         ,     .             .

-,          ,     .   ,      - ,   . . ,              (    ( )    [92 -  . .  -  () //      .  -     (2425  2002 ). .: , 2002. . 26.]).             ;       :  . .  ,        [93 -   .:  . . - :    // PR-. 2003. 23 (2526). . 1013.],              ,    ,      .




1.3.      





1.3.1.     :  


      [94 - ., .: Feugt . D. Op. cit.; Hallin D. ., Mancini . Op. cit.;  . . . .] [95 - ., .,  : Huntington S. . The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order. New York: Simon&Schuster, 1996.] [96 - ., .:  . .,  . .,  . .,  ..          . .: , 2005;  . .   .  III (19181945). .: , 2005;       :    ,    . . . .: , 2005.]         (, , , ,      )     ,     ,        ,  ,   (     ),        .           ,     [97 -  . .,  . .,  . . . .: , 1999 /  11.     . . 292293. URL: humanities.edu.ru/db/msg/59353.]. . .   .                     .     [98 -      rolling news,  --  --.]    [99 -    Routledge, Sage, Penguin, HarperCollins      ,  -  -  ,      .]             ,     .                      ,             .

       ,           XX . : 1)     ; 2)     ;3)   (   )     ; 4)      .  ,   ,     .            ,        .




1.3.2.     


        [100 - .: Mitchell N. The Conspicuous Corporation. Ann Arbor (MI): University of Michigan Press, 1997; Monbiot G. Captive State: The Corporate Takeover of Britain. London: Macmillan, 2000; Useem M. The Inner Circle: Large Corporations and the Rise of Business Political Activity in the US and UK. Oxford: University Press. 1984.],     :

      .             ,    1980-          [101 - Miller D. Op. cit. P. 377.]    ;

            ,           .   . ,            ;

  ,         (      ),        [102 -               ,     ,  , , , , ,  , , .].         [103 - Miller D. Op. cit. . 378.]          1980-;

  PFI/PPP      - .             ,             ,         ,      ,   ,    . ,  , ,          , ,         PFI/PPP.[104 - Miller D. Op. cit. . 378.  .: Newton . Op. cit.] , ,   1998        [105 - Dickson ., Gewirtz Sh., Power S. Unravelling a spun policy: acase study of the constitutive role of spin in the education policy process //Journal of Education Policy. 2004. Vol. 19,  3. P. 327.]      (Education Action Zones)         .     : 20062007    PFI    6,3  [106 - Pilger J. By voting for Blair, you will walk over the corpses of at least 100,000 people, most of them innocent, slaughtered in defiance of international law // New Statesman. 2005. 25 April. P. 19.],        .            PFI/PPP        ;

    - .           ,          ,           1980-.[107 - Miller D. Op. cit. P. 377;  .   ,  , ,   .]     ,   XX   think tank  ,    [108 - . URL: http://www.fabian-society.org.uk/int.asp.].  1990-2000-     ,  ,  ,  ,        .

     :

    -   ,     (,  ,    )               ;

            (     ,     2006     -  )[109 -  : Beetham D. The Warfare State // Red Pepper. June 2003. URL: www.redpepper.org.uk/June2003/x-June2003-warfare.html.];

             ,         ,     ;     .[110 -  .   ,  ,   .]

 ,   ,       ,       .  ,     ,                  .              [111 - Miller D. Op. cit. . 377;    . : Lewis J. Constructing Public Opinion: How Political Elites Do What They Like and Why We Seem to Go Along With It. New York: Columbia University Press, 2001.].        1970- :               1979 .      1980-,                     [112 - Miller D. Op. cit. P. 377;         1970-  . : McKie D. The Golden Thread She Couldnt Break // The Guardian. 1990. 14 November. P. 2.]. .       ;       1980-,        PFI/PPP,         (    ).   ,         19451970    ,                  .[113 - ., .: Kavanagh D., Morris P. Consensus Politics from Attlee to Major. Oxford: Blackwell, 1994.]

   ,     ,      . ,     [114 - Beetham D. Op. cit.]  .




1.3.3.  :   


   ,    ,        ,        ( )     -     (spads, )    ,    .          ;                (,   ,          ).            ,     (civil servants, )       ,    - (-, 11  12)   - (-, 10,    Number ,  10).  ,                      (.  1, 4).   10, ,    (),           ;    - (  ),   ( -),   (       ,    );     10           (CPRS).   XX                 ,   ;               ,       :               -             .        10    :  -             ,       (Order-in-Council)[115 -     ;     (       )   1946         .]      ,         (      );          .            .  , ,  ,          ( ,    ).

     ,        . -, ,     ,   [116 - Kavanagh D., Seldon A. Op. cit. . 306.],       .  ,    ,          . .  ,          (decision maker)       .[117 - .: Larocca R. Strategic Diversion in Political Communication // The Journal of Politics. 2004. Vol. 66,  2. P. 469491.]       .

-, ,     ,        ,          ,      . -,      (  ),          .             -         (  ,   ),        ,[118 - Kavanagh D., Seldon A. Op. cit. P. xv.]      ()     ,        .        ,            .     1970  1999        - ( 64   150, [119 - Ibid. . 133.])      (political appointees)     ( 8    29     10   38  74  19972000    [120 - McNair . PR Must Die, . 335.]).        .   .   .              ,   ,           .[121 - Kavanagh D., Seldon A. Op. cit. P. 29.]

      ,              -  ,                    ,           ?     ,  ,  ,  ?.            10,  status quo   [122 - Ibid. P. xiv.]    [123 - .: Newton K. Op. cit.].

,           ,     ,            .         ,  -       ,              .

 .   .      ,        [124 - Kavanagh D., Seldon A. Op. cit. P. 1.].  ,   1970    ,      ,   1997   ,   Bet  .[125 - Ibid. . 297333.]            ;      10         ,       . . (   10 .  1,4).          : ,           ,  ,  ,         -.               10     (.  1, 5).




1.3.4.    .  


          .             ,   .     ,             (       ),             ,      .  1960-  2001            .[126 -             ,      (, )   .]    (  1979 )       ,       , , ,   .;   (19791994 )  , ,   , , ,   ,   .;              ,      ,    .   ,    ,            (  , , , , , , , , ,   . .),      ,     (   )      .         (comprehensive political marketing theories);           - (.  1, 6).

  ,       ,          XX           ( ,       ,      .).    ,               (.  1, 7):     /    99 %  1964   44 %  1992 ;   1960-        ,   1992      ,        16 %  25 %  1964 .    ,   ,    74,6 %  44,5 %  ,                  (.  1, 8).               ;       (   , .  1,9)   (     , .  1, 10)   .   1980-          ,         . , .   .  :            ,             ,       [127 - New Labour, Old Labour / Ed. by Seldon A., Hickson K. London: Routledne, 2004. P. 15.].

                            .       ,    (),  ,   ,  -  (      - .  1, 11).    - ,    ,    ,      :          ,    (   -  - )              .[128 - Lees-Marshment J. Op. cit. . 10.]              attacking issues      :         (,  ,    ,    . .)         .        ,        ,          50 %       .                ,         ,             .   . ,                                           [129 - Street J. Mass Media, Politics and Democracy. London: Palgrave, 2001. P. 195.].




1.3.5.    


      :               1950-.  ,            1950-          1960-    1970-,      .[130 - McNair . PR Must Die, . 328.]      ;    -  .[131 - Lees-Marshment J. Op. cit. Chapter Thatcher the marketing pioneer.]     ,    1987               (., .,        1979    1, 12),     [132 -        . . .   ,        ()     ,         .     . .          .]      1974 :  25 %            ,      1992  (.  1,13).  1987       ,       ( ),         ,          ,            (.  1, 14).          (.  1, 15)    ,           (.  1,16).   1980-        1906 ,     1983        [133 -  .  //   --. 2001. 14 . URL: http://news8.thdo.bbc.co.uk/hi/russian/uk/newsid_1320000/ 1320253.stm.].

     1987 ,     :     42 %[134 - Lees-Marshment J. Op. cit. P. 83.],   ,           [135 - Ibid. P. 73.],     ,            (.  1,17).  ,       , :       ,      [136 - Ibid. . 132.] (),    issues to tackle ( ,    ).  1987           /  ;           1990-.   ,  1987        ,        ,         ,       .

               ,         .      ,        1990-  New Labour  .                ,           .

        ,   . ,     [137 - Street J. Op. cit. . 195.],       .          ;     .     1980   ,       ,  -    .   1980-           ;  ,   ;        .       , -,  , ,  .           19921994 :  1990-          (.  1,18).          .                      :   ,  ,   [138 - .: Tony Blair In His Own Words. Op. cit. P. 4069.];         1992  (.  1,19).    ,  -    :          , ,    . .[139 - Lees-Marshment J. Op. cit. P. 10.]    :                 1994  (.  2,20)                ,         [140 - Tony Blair In His Own Words. Op. cit. P. 7780.],      issues.

           ,      (, ,     .),     ,     (Renewal).          :     1994       4 (Clause 4)   ,              .[141 - Michie D. The Invisible Persuaders. London: Bantam, 1998. P. 291.  4    ,  , :                    ,         ,   ,            . . : McNair . PR Must Die, . 338.     4     .  4, 1.]       ()     ,             [142 - Mandelson . The Blair Revolution Revisited. London: Faber, 2002. P. 2.].

        :     .       ,   [143 - . : Michie D. Op. cit. . 292.].   ,     4    -  ,      .[144 - Ibid.]      1980-     Labour Weekly[145 -  . .,  . . . . . 98.]          .

      19941996        . ,             - . , -,     ,     XIX    ,    1970-        ,        .                   [146 - Miller D. Op. cit. . 377.];     ,   ,     ,         ;         ,   .  ,     New Labour Party,     ,        (New Democrats)  .     New Labour      ,      1970-.  2005             [147 - Pilger J. Op. cit. P. 19.]       .

         :      ,      (.  1  21  22)       (78 % )     (57 %).[148 - Lees-Marshment J. Op. cit. . 191.]               .          ,    [149 - ., .: Rawnsley A. Its the Tories who are addicted to spin // The Observer. 2002. 14 July. URL: http://www.guardian.co.uk/Columnists/ Column/0,755045,00.html.];  , ,     .         2003 ,     1997  2001 .            (.  3)        [150 - Tory Party needs to reinvent itself. An Editorial // PRWeek. 2003. 31 October. P. 8.]; -     ,       ,      .[151 - Whelan C. Tories wont be elected if they play by their rules // PRWeek. 2003. 28 February. P. 8.]  2003                    ,     ,    [152 - Ibid.].          New Tories ( )        -   ,   XXI        PR-   [153 - Hall I. Tories look for Saatchi and Bell for salvation // PRWeek. 2003. 25 April. P. 1.].  ,               ,      ( ),    .

           :  ,    ,    ,       ,          -   .[154 -  .: Osier D. Labour Party pic: New Labour as a Party of Business. Edinburgh: Mainstream, 2002.]       ; 1996    (party of enterprise)   [155 - .: Williams J. Politics (a regular column) //New Statesman&Society. 1996. 3May. 9(401). P. 9.],             1970- .




1.4.       XX 





1.4.1.   


   ,           ,          .       - ,     ,              . ,           ;   : 1)      ; 2)    ; 3)       -; 4)    .




  .


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   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/svetlana-bodrunova/sovremennye-strategii-britanskoy-politicheskoy-kommunik/)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


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50


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52


. , .; . :  . . . . .




53


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54


., .:  .     //  .

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55


 suspensive veto ,          12 ,     .




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  . URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Officer_of_State.




57


Edgerton D. Warfare State. Britain, 19201970. Cambridge: University Press, 2006. P. xiv.




58


Ibid. P. xv.




59


 .: Ibid. Preface.




60


 .: Clark P. Op. cit.




61


URL: http://www.parliament.uk/commons/lib/research/notes/snsg-01528.pdf.




62


 . .   :     . URL: http://jim-ll.narod.ru/stat/peregudov.htm.




63


Ibid.




64


Ingham . Op. cit. P. 139146.




65


Ibid. P. 100107.




66


Scott J. Transformations in the British Economic Elite // Comparative Sociology. 2003. Vol. 2,  1. P. 156.




67


 .: Windolf P. Elite Networks in Germany and Britain // Sociology. 1998. Vol. 32,  2. P. 321351.




68


Ibid. P. 328.




69


Mccormack A., Useem M. Op. cit. P. 386.        ,        .




70


Ibid. . 388.




71


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72


,        The Establishment    () .        ,    ,    ,       ,  .




73


      (  )   .           :  (,     ; ., Hudson River   )   (,  ; ., Mrs Hudson   ).             ,      ,        .




74


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75


    . ., 1998. . 403.




76


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77


., .:  . .  . .: , 1969;  . .  -.   . .: , 1961;  . .   . .: , 1977;  . .  . 19681978. .:  , 1981.




78


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79


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80


URL: http://www.multitran.ru/c/m.exe?t=1697130_2_l&ifp=l.




81


URL: http://www.transinter.ru/tools/,  establishment.




82


URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Establishment.




83


.: Elias N., Scotson J. L. The Established and the Outsiders. A Sociological Enquiry into Community Problems. London: Sage, 1994; Scientific Establishments and Hierarchies. Sociology of the Sciences Yearbook / Ed. by Elias N., Martins H., Whitley R. Dordrecht: Reidel, 1982.




84


URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Establishment.           ,   ,   ,       ,       .




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.: TunstallJ. Newspaper Power. The New National Press in Britain. Oxford: University Press, 1996. Chapter 10.




87


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Solomon N. The Habits of Highly Deceptive Media. Monroe (ME): Common Courage Press, 1999. P. 42.




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Cotier . Marketing Management. The Millennium Edition. London: Prentice Hall International, 2000. P. 6567.




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    .   www.glossary.ru      Glossary Commander.




91


       www.glossary.ru  www.rubricon.com        .




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 . .  -  () //      .  -     (2425  2002 ). .: , 2002. . 26.




93


  .:  . . - :    // PR-. 2003. 23 (2526). . 1013.




94


., .: Feugt . D. Op. cit.; Hallin D. ., Mancini . Op. cit.;  . . . .




95


., .,  : Huntington S. . The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order. New York: Simon&Schuster, 1996.




96


., .:  . .,  . .,  . .,  ..          . .: , 2005;  . .   .  III (19181945). .: , 2005;       :    ,    . . . .: , 2005.




97


 . .,  . .,  . . . .: , 1999 /  11.     . . 292293. URL: humanities.edu.ru/db/msg/59353.




98


     rolling news,  --  --.




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   Routledge, Sage, Penguin, HarperCollins      ,  -  -  ,      .




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.: Mitchell N. The Conspicuous Corporation. Ann Arbor (MI): University of Michigan Press, 1997; Monbiot G. Captive State: The Corporate Takeover of Britain. London: Macmillan, 2000; Useem M. The Inner Circle: Large Corporations and the Rise of Business Political Activity in the US and UK. Oxford: University Press. 1984.




101


Miller D. Op. cit. P. 377.




102


              ,     ,  , , , , ,  , , .




103


Miller D. Op. cit. . 378.




104


Miller D. Op. cit. . 378.  .: Newton . Op. cit.




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Dickson ., Gewirtz Sh., Power S. Unravelling a spun policy: acase study of the constitutive role of spin in the education policy process //Journal of Education Policy. 2004. Vol. 19,  3. P. 327.




106


Pilger J. By voting for Blair, you will walk over the corpses of at least 100,000 people, most of them innocent, slaughtered in defiance of international law // New Statesman. 2005. 25 April. P. 19.




107


Miller D. Op. cit. P. 377;  .   ,  , ,   .




108


. URL: http://www.fabian-society.org.uk/int.asp.




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110


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111


Miller D. Op. cit. . 377;    . : Lewis J. Constructing Public Opinion: How Political Elites Do What They Like and Why We Seem to Go Along With It. New York: Columbia University Press, 2001.




112


Miller D. Op. cit. P. 377;         1970-  . : McKie D. The Golden Thread She Couldnt Break // The Guardian. 1990. 14 November. P. 2.




113


., .: Kavanagh D., Morris P. Consensus Politics from Attlee to Major. Oxford: Blackwell, 1994.




114


Beetham D. Op. cit.




115


    ;     (       )   1946         .




116


Kavanagh D., Seldon A. Op. cit. . 306.




117


.: Larocca R. Strategic Diversion in Political Communication // The Journal of Politics. 2004. Vol. 66,  2. P. 469491.




118


Kavanagh D., Seldon A. Op. cit. P. xv.




119


Ibid. . 133.




120


McNair . PR Must Die, . 335.




121


Kavanagh D., Seldon A. Op. cit. P. 29.




122


Ibid. P. xiv.




123


.: Newton K. Op. cit.




124


Kavanagh D., Seldon A. Op. cit. P. 1.




125


Ibid. . 297333.




126


            ,      (, )   .




127


New Labour, Old Labour / Ed. by Seldon A., Hickson K. London: Routledne, 2004. P. 15.




128


Lees-Marshment J. Op. cit. . 10.




129


Street J. Mass Media, Politics and Democracy. London: Palgrave, 2001. P. 195.




130


McNair . PR Must Die, . 328.




131


Lees-Marshment J. Op. cit. Chapter Thatcher the marketing pioneer.




132


       . . .   ,        ()     ,         .     . .          .




133


 .  //   --. 2001. 14 . URL: http://news8.thdo.bbc.co.uk/hi/russian/uk/newsid_1320000/ 1320253.stm.




134


Lees-Marshment J. Op. cit. P. 83.




135


Ibid. P. 73.




136


Ibid. . 132.




137


Street J. Op. cit. . 195.




138


.: Tony Blair In His Own Words. Op. cit. P. 4069.




139


Lees-Marshment J. Op. cit. P. 10.




140


Tony Blair In His Own Words. Op. cit. P. 7780.




141


Michie D. The Invisible Persuaders. London: Bantam, 1998. P. 291.  4    ,  , :                    ,         ,   ,            . . : McNair . PR Must Die, . 338.     4     .  4, 1.




142


Mandelson . The Blair Revolution Revisited. London: Faber, 2002. P. 2.




143


. : Michie D. Op. cit. . 292.




144


Ibid.




145


 . .,  . . . . . 98.




146


Miller D. Op. cit. . 377.




147


Pilger J. Op. cit. P. 19.




148


Lees-Marshment J. Op. cit. . 191.




149


., .: Rawnsley A. Its the Tories who are addicted to spin // The Observer. 2002. 14 July. URL: http://www.guardian.co.uk/Columnists/ Column/0,755045,00.html.




150


Tory Party needs to reinvent itself. An Editorial // PRWeek. 2003. 31 October. P. 8.




151


Whelan C. Tories wont be elected if they play by their rules // PRWeek. 2003. 28 February. P. 8.




152


Ibid.




153


Hall I. Tories look for Saatchi and Bell for salvation // PRWeek. 2003. 25 April. P. 1.




154


 .: Osier D. Labour Party pic: New Labour as a Party of Business. Edinburgh: Mainstream, 2002.




155


.: Williams J. Politics (a regular column) //New Statesman&Society. 1996. 3May. 9(401). P. 9.


