  :    :     1920  2016 .
  


         ,    1920  2016.           ,      ,       .     ,  .





  :    :    ; . , 1920  2016.

    








 :

A. . ,      ,    (  )

B. . ,      ,   

. . ,        .. ,   

C. . ,       ,   , 

. . ,       ,   , 




 





         


     :           ,  100-    1917 .  ,   ,      ,       ,            ,   .

        , ,      ,        .

 ,                 ,  .     ,           -      ,      .

   30       ,  .                  .    ?          ,     ,   .                                .

 ,         ,  ,             .             ,      .

            ,     . :      ,    ?      ?           .         ,      ,    .

     ,  .      ?     ?    ?    .

 ,         ,  ,   ,      ,        ,  ,    ,      .

                (-).

      ,         , , , , ,              ,     .

,     ,    ,     ,     ,   ,    ,    .



     ,

...   




 





        19411945: , 


 ..[1 -           ,   , .]



:   :           19411945.,              ,      .     : , ,  ,       .               19411945.       .

 : ,  , ,  , , ,  .



Bugay N.F. The bifurcation state of society before and during the War 19411945: causes, consequences



Abstract: Aims and objectives: to consider the features of display state of the bifurcation in the society by the example of the war years 19411945, reveal the characteristics and specificities of this condition in the evolution of the reference point to the finish line bifurcation, its influence on the further development of society. The problem is considered in three dimensions: society, economy, international relations, the example of relations between Turkey and the Kurdish community. Particular attention is paid to the conditions of formation of a bifurcation in the society during the Great Patriotic War of 1941  1945. Showing a cause and a consequence of this social phenomenon.

Keywords: bifurcation, point of reference, the specific model of behavior, war, desertion, the Red Army.



  ,    ,       .              ,     ,   , .         ,    , ,         ,   ,      ,  [2 -        ,        .              (     ). . :  ..      ,   . , 2011.].     , ,        , ,            ,        .   ,           ,   ,  . . .             (         ).

2015         .          .            .               [1, .10591069].

    ,   ,                .           ,          ,      [1, . 1068].

   ,       ,            .   ,  , ,       ,      .

       .           (),  ,      .             .        , .        (),       ?        ,          Idkun Astrategi (         Institute for National Security Studies, INSS) [10].  ,          2015.  .  ().               . .     ,    ,       ,          .       .

           :         .      .   600    .

    ,                  .

      1920- .   1920-           .             ,       ,   ,      ,    ,   ,   ,      .        .            :   ,       ,        ,  ,   .       - ,       .

     -    ,     ,      ,   19271928.,           .

 ,               .

              ,           1941  1945 .            ,     ,       ,    , ,    ,           ,  .

                   ,       ,   ,  ,   .               ,               .

 ,   1930- ,    - ,    ,    .   1937.   500   ,      , 31  1938.    ()         ,       15  1938.   -   , , , , , , , ,     ,      .      .

             ,      .           5000.,   6000. , .       .

         .      ,         .   ,     ,    ,    ,         [4,7,2,1].   ,        .

            ,  ,  ,                 .

      19411945.,              ,         .

,            , ,    1939.,         64.          ,  .      ,     ,       .

 ,       ,       ,    4.     .

      ,            .             (. ).        .          ,    ;         ;      ,        ,     , ,          ,  ,   , , ,  ,   , , ,     .

   ,   ,  ,  ,                ,       ,       ,   .             .       .

       :   ,  ,     ,     (     , - , , ,  ,  , ,    ),      (   ,  ,        ).               (  1941.   1944.),  :  -1 210224.,        456 667.;   1 666891  [9, .114115].

       .      :   391 062 ,       -198 578.;  :   49 362.,     13 389 ;      :   41 980,   107 867  [9].

       ?    ,             :   484 478,      ;   :   167 799,     80 837  [9, . 115].      ,   ,  ,        .

         ,        .     , ,      .          ;      ,   .

 ,                () .           , ,      .

    ,                .                  .. ,                .        .

 ,    ,  , ,     ,   ,           ,     ,  , ,   ,   .     ,     .

            ,      .           , ,    ,   .         .       .

       ,                         , .     .         ,   .        ,  ,           .

             ,         ,    , ;     .

 ,    ,  ,   .      ,     ,    , ,           ,       .

         .          .   .       .       .                  .  :      , ,     ,  ,          .       ,           ,         ,     ,  ,         .      ,          .

               :  - -  ( )             [5],   ,  .  (),   ,           ,    (, . , . , .   .)[3 -   ,    ,     . ,     ,             (.:     (). . . 9478. On. 1. . 248. . 1011).],     .

,    ,           ,       ,     ,   ,    ,   .

  1941.,         140   , 66   , 2193   .  , ,     ,   ,  .

,      . ,  ,     ,  ,            ,  ,   .

                   ,   (, ,    220. ), ,    . ,   ,     .

  , ,        19411945.,    ,     .         ,    ,   ,      .

 ,       . , .         ,    -     [3].     ,    ,           ,    .               ,   .

 ,       ,    (       ),   ,     ,   .                       ,          ,   ;              .


  

1. ..      //    . 2015. . 85. 12. . 1059  1069.

2.    [ ] URL: http: www.intelros.ru. (  15  2016)

3. ..      (   ): . - . . , 2013.

4. ..      ,   . , 2011.

5.  (       - ). -, 1945). ., 1993.

6. ..       . . ... ., 2013.

7. ..       . ... ., 2012.

8.  :   . , , . ., 1994. .114115.

9. .  -   //  . 17  2016.




      XVIII   XXI.: - 


 ..[4 -       ,        .. ]



:     -          XVIII   XXI. :      ,   ,     .      : - 1905.,  1917.,  1917.  1920.,  1991   1993.

 :    ,   ,  ,  ,  .



Astahov M.V. Political revolutions in the history of Russia middle of XVIII  beginning of the XXI century: the historical and theoretical analysis.

Abstract: The purpose of the article  to conduct a theoretical analysis of the political revolutions in the historical experience of Russia the middle of XVIII  the beginning of XXI centuries. Conclusion: we must distinguish between "revolutionary political crisis", revolutionary situation, political revolution and revolutionary formation of politi-System. Political revolutions are distinguished in the history of Russia: October-December 1905, February 1917, October 1917  November 1920, August 1991  December 1993.

Keywords: revolutionary political crisis, revolutionary situation, political revolution, the revolutionary formation of the political system, civil war.



         XX   XXI. ,       ,         .  ,   ,      ,     .

           ?            -           ,  , , .

      ,     ,     , ,   ,    . ,  ,            ,        [5 -       : ..   ..  [16]; ..  [2, 3], ..   ..  [18],                    XX .].    ,   ,    ,   -         .              -  .

       ,              .    ,  ,      .           ,       [6 -        "" ..   ..  [15].].          " "[7 -    .   .  1995. [13]  " "    ,    .   .  2000. [33]  " "  .    "  ":"     .       ,            .    , ,  ,   , ,       .        ,   ,   ,         ".],     XXI.   .            ,     [7, 10],            [8].

                           ,       .. ,       () [8 -      ,     ..   ()-   :          ,      ;      :   -  9  1905. 3  1907.,   -   1917. (   );        2426  1917. ,                  .].     1990- .        ,       [9 -    .. ,         ,      ,       [36, 9, 25, 12]. ,               . .          .                [34, 24, 23, 1, 22];    [6, 11]      ,      () [20, 21].   2007.   -  ..    ,         - . .: [ ] URL: http://leninism.su/lenin-now/4186-lenin-v-sovremennom-mire-2009.html?showall= ( : 10.04.2016).    ..            ,        .].

   ,       ,        ( )     (  ).      ,       ,         [37, 38][10 -      (., 1983) [40]  :  ,  ,  ,       .].       -     ,          [29].            .             [19, 16].                ,       :

    ,   ,              ,       ,   [11 -               .];

         [12 -     ,          ,    ,         ,  ,   .             ,   ,  .].        ,     :     ;      ;       ..      ,         ,    ,     , ,            :     ,  ,      18301832.;      ,  1830.,  1848., 18701871.;      17751789.   18611865.;      1905.   1917. ..[13 -     1980- . ..   ..  [5]       ,       .                .            .];

      ;  ,         ;

                            .

 ,  -            1930- .       .         1980- .,          1990- .,      ,       ,     ,    .

                 ,     ( );    ;           ,    ;                 XVIII   XXI.

  ,   - ,     - ,        [14 -  ,  ,     ,  ,   ,        ,      ,      .].                  ()     ,             ,         (),                  ,       .                 ,          ,      ,      [15 -     ,       ,    ,  ,  .  ,    ,  -            .].

     ,   ,     ,     ,       (),    . ,     ,     ,     () ,   ,        XVIII.   ,                ,      .               -       ,       [4].       ,                          .

                     ,      .      -   [16 -     ,            ,      ,        ,       .]      ""  " ",  ,         [35].     ,  ""  XVIII.,    ,      ,    ,   ,  , ,    ,  ,           .          1980- .        [17 -               XVIXIX.  , .:  ..,  .. [5].],      [41].  ,   ,     ,   ,       [18 - .   1844.:     ,    .     ,       [32].].

  " "  .      ,         . ,         :    ,        .      "   "              ,              [19 -          ,   ,      ,    .           ,     .].

          XVIII.,     ;     60  70- . XIX.   ,    19051907.  1917.,                (.  1).

" "        ,   .                     .        ,      .                   ,      ,       ,          ;               .        1917.    27      ,     ,        II,    ,    3  1917.        .     ,           .

    19051907.       " "[20 - ..              1913, 1915  1920.   [26, 27, 28].     . .    : 1)     --         ; 2)     --                  ; 3)     . . .         .              ,    (. 26, . 219).     ,         1905.,      .   ,                   ,             .  ,   ,    .],           ,                  .      " "    9  1905.,             .   1905.         ,        ,   18  1905.     .      ,     .          I  II  ,    ,        .  ,      9  1905.  3  1907.,    9   18  1905,       13   18  1905.,                  [21 - ..          II  [28].].

     ,       1  1916.  23  1917.       ,   "  "    ,        ( )      ( )    

 .  ,         ,   .           ,           . "  "           :  ,   ,  .

                 ,     [22 -   - 1905.        1905.     ,      1905.   1907.    . ,      ,  ,             ,     .]     ,   ,    ,      ,     9   18  1905.  23   3  1917.[23 -      ,      3)     ,      ,       .               ,      (     ,  ,       ,     ).]

               1917.       .                1917.      .       1917.     ,       (.  2).

27  1917.,    ,              - ,       1922.       .                 .   ,       ,      1917.[24 -   ..         35  1917.    ,   ,        .           .       , , .   ,     (   ),   ,      ,             .     1917.          ,      .],   -  ,       ,        ,       .

    (2427  1917.),   ,     ,    .     ( 1917.  1920.)   :

   ;

           ,      ;

     1918.   1920.

             1917.   1930- .,     -  .

             .              ,        .     - 1905.  1917.      .        ,    ,    ,   ().   1917.     ,     ().            ,          :

 - 1905.                 .     -      .

  1917.    ,   ,      (, , , ),         (   )     ,    (  ).       ,             (    )         (    ).

  19171920.           [25 -         1920- .: .    1930- .        [39];  .    (1957.) [14]          ;    ..       1987. [30]        2009.       [31].  ,   1987.,     (       , , , , ) ,   ,    .],    , ,   .        ;    , ,       ;          ,    .

        XX.,             ,    1986.,           (             ),     .       1989.,   I    ,    .   1990.   ,             ,  ,         .

             1991.   1993.      ,      1989.      1996.    :

 (1921  1991.)       ;

       (8-25  1991.);

 - 1993.  (21   4  1993.)    ,        ,         1993.           .

       1996.,   ..        ,      .

 -    19911993.             - ()           (  )        .                 ,        .

             ,   ,     ,   ,  ,    ,    ,           ;      .  ,      ,     ,      ,             [26 -     80  4  ,    .    4    110 ,        .   2011   2012.       ,       -       . ,        , ,         ,             ,  ,     .   XXI.               ,     1917.,          ,               .            ,             .             .].          ,        XVIII   XXI. .

 ,      ,                      ,   ,     .          . Ÿ    , , ,    ,  ,   ,       .        ,      ,      .

   XVIIIXXI.           .      (     )   XVIII.   1922.      - 1905.  1917.   - ()     1917.   1930- .         1917.   1920.   -      1986.      .     -    19911993.,                ,       .

       .     :                  ,                -     .



 1






 2






 3







  

1.50     .    .   . ., 1967.

2. ..     . ., 2011. 255 .

3. ..      (19171920.): - . Saarbrticken, 2011.346 .

4. ..      //       . , 2010. [ ] URL: http://www.scahi.ru/viewpage.php?page_id=7#%Dl%82%D0%B5%D0%B E%D 1 %80%D0%B8%D 1 %8F%20%D0%B8%D 1 %81 %D 1 %82%D0%BE %D 1 %80%D0%B8%D0%B8 ( : 12.04.2016).

5. M.A.,  ..    XVIIXVIII         . ., 1990.256 .

6. ..     .       ,       Ѕ 2  1977. ., 1977.

7. .  : . . /., . . . .. . .: Socio-Logos, 1993. 336 . [ ] URL: http://bourdieu.name/content/sociologija-politiki ( : 10.04.2016).

8. .  :  . .: , 2011. 208 .

9. ..,  ..    19051907      . ., 1982. 242 .

10.       [ ] URL: http://wciom.ru/index.php?id=196&uid=13842 (  10.04.2016).

11. ..   :  .    ,   ,       , . 70-   . ,    , 2  1987. ., 1987.

12. .. ..     , 18  2011. URL: http://vladislavvolkov.livejoumal.com/23361.html

13. .,  .  . , . .: . ., 1995. 271 . [ ] URL: http://www.gumer.info/bibliotek_Buks/Polit/Demid/13.php (  01.04.2016).

14. .  . N-Y, 1957. URL: http://www.rulit.me/author/dzhilas-milovan/novyj-klass-get-390344.html.

15. ..,  ..  /    // "  ". [ ] URL: http://www.studfiles.ru/preview/965606/( : 02.04.2016).

16. ..       . 3- . ., 1983. 640 .

17. ..,  ..    1917.     //    . ., 2009. [ ] URL: http://leninism.su/lenin-now/4186-lenin-v-sovremennom-mire-2009.html?showall=&start=10 ( : 02.04.2016).

18. ..,  ..   :  .  . .: , 2012. 448 . [ ] URL: http://nicbar.ru/Spetskurs.htm ( : 13.04.2016).

19.    . . 13. ., 19851987 [ ] URL: http://vros lav1985. livei ournal. com/5 9136. html ( : 14.04.2016).

20.    (). .: , 1938. 351 .

21.    .  6 . .15. .: , 19671980.

22. 100-      .   . ., 1969.

23. 40-     (19171957).             // . 1957. 13. .39.

24. 40-       .   . ., 1957.

25. .. ..     .  . ., 1999. 224 . [ ] URL: http://leninism.su/lenin-now/4130-vi-lenin-kak-predmet-istoricheskogo-issledovaniya.html?showall= ( : 13.04.2016)

26. ..   , 1913. // , . . . 23. . 300.

27. ..     // . . . . 41. .6970.

28. ..  II  // . . . . 26. . 219.

29.      / . .: ..   . ., 1972. 526 .; . 2- . ., 1975. 535 .

30. . 77.   . ., 1987.

31. ..      //  . 2009. 4. .111139 [ ] URL: http://politconcept.sfedu.rn/2009.4/10.pdf (  17.04.2016).

32. .     "" "    ", 1844. //  .,  . . . 1. . 448.

33. .,  .   . 3- . ,  . ., 2000. [ ] URL: http://www.gumer.info/bibliotek_Buks/Polit/Pugach/31.php ( : 17.04.2016).

34.    .   --   . ., 1955.

35.  //   .   / . . .. ;  . -  . .. -. ., 1988. .226251.

36.   - :        . [.. , .. , ..   .; . ., .. ]. ., 1979. 316 .

37.  // - .  . . 3. ., 1971. .193225.

38.  //   -    , . /.      . ., 1987. . 24.

39. .  .       ? 1937. [ ] URL: http://rovallib.com/book/trotskiv lev/predannava revolvutsiva chto takoe sssr i kuda on idet.html ( : 14.04.2016).

40.  . ., 1983.

41.     .  XII / . . , ..  //   . . 4 / .   .. ; : .. , .. , .. , .. . .: , 1984. .206207.




            . 19911993


 . .[27 -       ,      . .. .]


 

:              1980- .           .  19911991. ,    -        .         ,      .

 :   ,   ,  ,  .



Barsenkov A.S. The conflict of expectations in relations between Russia and West at the beginning period of the new Russian statehood. 19911993.



Abstract: The beginning of the systemic transformation of Soviet society and the way out of the Cold War in the second half of the 1980s accompanied by hopes for the interested and constructive cooperation between Russia and the West. An experience of 19911991 showed that the former enemies have seen different prospects of relations in a changing world order. It becomes apparent "the conflict of expectations" turned into a permanent factor, and still defines the character of bilateral relations.

Keywords: new Russian statehood, Russia's foreign policy, "the conflict of expectations", "real sovereignty".



      19  2010.,    ..     ,        ,                .   ,                XX   XXI .     ,           ,         .

 1992.   ,    ,   ,     ,       .   ,            .  ,          ,      ,     .           ,        ,      ,       . -,        ,  ,  ;         . -,  ,             ,           . -,       (1959.),         ,        ,           .

        1991.       .           () 1991       ,   .          ,              .  ,    ,             .              .                 .          .   ,          ,          .

      ,    1991.     .               .    ,                    .

  ,        1960  1970- .,     ,       .               .          .

 1992.         ,     .              .                    ,   .

       .         , ,   ,         , ,  ,      .

           - ,        .  1991.                .            .

 1993.                   .           .

        19911993.      .         ,             .




 I

  :        





          1917.


 ..[28 -       ,           ().]


 

:      1917.          .

 .  , , , , , .

Volgireva G.P. The Revolution as an outlook and a conceptual problem of Permian peasants in the December of 1917.

Abstract: For the first time shows the Bolsheviks technology in 1917 on the impact on farmers of the Permian and the rejection of actions of the Bolsheviks peasants.

Keywords: Land committees, surveyors, land surveyors, agronomists, farmers, the Bolsheviks.

             .                   .             .  ()      10  1917.               :           ,       ,   , ,   ,              .         ,      .    ,  ,       ,    .          .    ,    , , ,       [1, . 34].

    ,      .  ,            .       ,    .     ,                    .

       :            .    , ,    . ,    ,   .        ,  ,     , .             .            ,            [1, .3435].

 ,    ,    .  ,          ,   .  ,       .

  1917.   :         . ,      .    ,   -  . ,    ,    ,       . .    .        .     .   ,      ,       , ,     .        .   ,     ,       .     IV    ,          ,       [1, . 39].

 ,           .       ,    .          ,       . ,   .            15  40 .    ,   , ,           50  140 .

,  :  ,    ,  ,       ,           ,          .     ,          .  ,     ,  ,  .  ,    ,   ,    -   [1, . 40].

 ,                .              .         ,           : , , ,   .        .  ,   1917.,      ,      ,   ,    ,         ,    .

 ,    ,                .

 ,            ,    19  1918.: ...    ,     ,   , 19  1918.,    .  IV           .19  1918.       .         7 .  .             ,   .         (  ,  450  ,   80   18%).            .      ,       ,             .          ,  ,      .    ,     ,  ,    [1, .4142].   :       :    ,     [1, . 40].

 ,      1917.       ,     ,       ,    , ,    ,      .  , ,      1918.,            ,    1918.      ,              .               1918  1919.      ,   ,  .


  

1.   . . -469. . 21. . 1.       . . 2345.




      1907.,         


 ..[29 -     ,   .    . .. .]


 

:   :     19051907.          XX    .          (  3  1907.    )        XX  (    ),                .

 :  ,  ,    ,  ,   , ,  .



Schukin D.V. Tretyeiunsky take-over and new electoral law of 1907 as a result of the First Russian revolution according to estimate of party of cadets



Abstract: Goals & objectives: The result of the first Russian revolution of 19051907  political system of the Third of June and a new form of government in the early XX century Russia  the Duma monarchy. The task is the consideration of evaluation act the state authorities of the Russian Empire (the Manifesto of June 3, 1907, and the introduction of a new electoral law) on the part of representatives of the liberal movement of Russia of the early twentieth century (party of National Freedom  party of cadets) and the elucidation of their attitudes to the new electoral law and the political system in the country.

Keywords: State Duma, party of cadets, fraction of party National Freedom, Russian Empire, political system of the Third of June, parliament, history of Russia.



     ,      

.. 



 .   .             养

.. 

  XX.     ,                 II.

  ,                   , .       .

   19051907.        .       .

      

 .    3  1907. (       )         XX.  .

  II        (       1907.)            .                ?

  1907.           XX.    .                    (   ).     II           .

      1907.,      .. ,      1907.           ,  ,   II, 3  1907.    .

         III         ,  ,   ,           ,        ,    .. ,             ,      .

      (  3  1907.    )      XX.   .

                      XX.      ,         .




     


 ..[30 -       , ,        . .. .      .     .         .. .]


 

:         .  ,       ,     .  ,         ,        .

 : ,  ,  1917.



Agaryov A.F. The formation of Soviet power in Ryazan province.



Abstract: The article is dedicated to processes of formation of Soviet power in Ryazan province. Causes, phases and results of rising to power of Bolsheviks based on definite local conditions are analyzed. It is concluded that the formation of Soviet power in the province carried out by peaceful way that mostly was based on personality of local power managers.

Keywords: bolshevizm, Ryazan province, Revolution of 1917



               .      -.                   ,     .   , , , ,          ,        ;  ,  ,   .   ,    ,     ..     -  .. ,       .

          . 26                       -  ()   8 ,         .    6   2 .         ,        .     ,          : .. , ..  ( -,     )  ..  [1, 125].

    . . . ..         .         -  .

                   . , ,  28  1917.     208-    :       - ,       ,      [. : 2, . 188].

 ,     , ,     . ,     ..     ,     ,     .      ..        ,     ,            [1, . 126, 128].

   ,    ,    :   30          ,   .              . 31                  .  ,  ,        ,         .   ,          ,     .       [2, .189190].         -     .

,        ,        . 2        :  ,  -            ,  ,        .

       ,                     ,     [2, . 190].

 ,   ,   ,      ,     . 2     ,              .      ,   :   ,  ,    26  [1, . 130].




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/kollektiv-avtorov/voyna-i-revoluciya-socialnye-processy-i-katastrofy-mater/)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


          ,   , .




2


       ,        .              (     ). . :  ..      ,   . , 2011.




3


  ,    ,     . ,     ,             (.:     (). . . 9478. On. 1. . 248. . 1011).




4


      ,        .. 




5


      : ..   ..  [16]; ..  [2, 3], ..   ..  [18],                    XX .




6


       "" ..   ..  [15].




7


   .   .  1995. [13]  " "    ,    .   .  2000. [33]  " "  .    "  ":

"     .       ,            .    , ,  ,   , ,       .        ,   ,   ,         ".




8


     ,     ..   ()-

   :    

      ,      ;      :   -  9  1905. 3  1907.,   -   1917. (   );        2426  1917. ,                  .




9


   .. ,         ,      ,       [36, 9, 25, 12]. ,               . .          .                [34, 24, 23, 1, 22];    [6, 11]      ,      () [20, 21].   2007.   -  ..    ,         - . .: [ ] URL: http://leninism.su/lenin-now/4186-lenin-v-sovremennom-mire-2009.html?showall= ( : 10.04.2016).    ..            ,        .




10


     (., 1983) [40]  :  ,  ,  ,       .




11


              .




12


    ,          ,    ,         ,  ,   .             ,   ,  .




13


    1980- . ..   ..  [5]       ,       .                .            .




14


 ,  ,     ,  ,   ,        ,      ,      .




15


    ,       ,    ,  ,  .  ,    ,  -            .




16


    ,            ,      ,        ,       .




17


              XVIXIX.  , .:  ..,  .. [5].




18


.   1844.:     ,    .     ,       [32].




19


         ,   ,      ,    .           ,     .




20


..              1913, 1915  1920.   [26, 27, 28].     . .    : 1)     --         ; 2)     --                  ; 3)     . . .         .              ,    (. 26, . 219).     ,         1905.,      .   ,                   ,             .  ,   ,    .




21


..          II  [28].




22


  - 1905.        1905.     ,      1905.   1907.    . ,      ,  ,             ,     .




23


     ,      3)     ,      ,       .               ,      (     ,  ,       ,     ).




24


  ..         35  1917.    ,   ,        .           .       , , .   ,     (   ),   ,      ,             .     1917.          ,      .




25


        1920- .: .    1930- .        [39];  .    (1957.) [14]          ;    ..       1987. [30]        2009.       [31].  ,   1987.,     (       , , , , ) ,   ,    .




26


    80  4  ,    .    4    110 ,        .   2011   2012.       ,       -       . ,        , ,         ,             ,  ,     .   XXI.               ,     1917.,          ,               .            ,             .

             .




27


      ,      . .. .




28


      ,           ().




29


    ,   .    . .. .




30


      , ,        . .. .      .     .         .. .


