 .  
  


 
                   XX ,          .

,   ,   .





 

 .  





     


               .              .       ,    , ,           ,     . ,  ,   ,   ,     ,     ,        . , ,   ,    .    ,   ,      ,    .     ,           ,    -  .  :     ,     ,  . .    . . .       ;       ,      .

         .   ,  , , , , .   ,  -:   ,  , ,  , ,    ,     ,     .         ,      ,      ,  ,    . ,      ,            ,    .  ,             .

        (18971967),           .      .  ,  ,     ,    .      ,    .          .      ,         .          ;           .    ,     , ,  ø    :    ,      ,   ,   ,        ,      .      ,      [1 - . : Evans R.I. Gordon Allport: The man and his ideas. N.Y.: E.P.Dutton & Co., Inc., 1970. .19.].

,   (  -)       ,       ,                ,   ,    .      ,  ,       [2 - Allport G.W. Personality: A psychological interpretation. N.Y.: Holt, 1937.]     [3 - Allport G.W. Pattern and growth in personality. N.Y.: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1961.],       ,      , , , .    ,   ,   ,    ,                       .               (1939),     ,        (1964)  ..,    ,               1963     55                 .          ,             .         ,  ,  ,  ,  ,    .

     ,     ,   ,         ,  ,             ,        .             .              , ,       ,         . ,   .    . , . ʸ  . .             .           ,               ,         .       1950-  ,    -     .

         .               .       ,  ,   ,  .     ,            ,  ,  ,  ,  .  600- ,   [4 - Allport G.W. The nature of prejudice. Cambridge (Mass.): Addison-Wesley, 1954.],           ,    ,  ,   .       1970    .


* * *

      .        , , ,            ,               .

    1897-      .       ,     ,     ,    . .   . . ,    . . .        100             ,            .

            .                     ,     1930-            ,   ,   .

            ,   ,    .            1920- ;                  .      ,           .

    ,   1920-     ,       ,       ,    .       ,    S  O  R,  O   ,     S   R.   ,  ,    S   R,  ,   O[5 - . : Evans R. I. Gordon Allport: The man and his ideas. N. Y.: E. P. Dutton & Co., Inc., 1970. P. 14.].

       ,  , :    , ,           [6 - Ibidem. P. 9.].                .    :  ,   1937 ,      . ,  ,      ,        [7 - Allport G.W. Personality: A psychological interpretation. N.Y.: Holt, 1937. P. 48.]. ,        24  ,     (, ,  )  :        ,        [8 - Allport G.W. Pattern and growth in personality. N.Y.: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1961.].     ,  ,    ,     ,  ,      ,  [9 - Allport G.W. Personality: A psychological interpretation. N.Y.: Holt, 1937. P. 52.].

.         ,         .       ,        .           .            .              -  ,    .           [10 - Ibidem. P. 21.].  ,    ,              .   ,     ,   ,       - , , .         ,  ,   :     ,      ,      .

  ,           .             ;      .  :      ,    ,    ,      - .     ,   ,   [11 - Ibidem. P. 194.].        .

          ,  , ,        .       ,       (. ., .440).           1920- .       ,             , ,   .,      ,        .          ,   ,   , .

    .           ,      ,  , ,        ,     .        ,     ,  .     ,        ,        .       (. . ., . 6274)     .

,               .

 ,     ,       ,    ,          .       :    ,      ,   ,    .

      (. . ., . 93104)           ,      ,       .  ,    ,       ?       .      ,    ,         ,     ,   .  , ,    ,  , -,    , ,    . -,   ,   ,     ,         .          .             .         ,    .         ,  ,    ,      , ,            ,      ,     .       ,         ,          .             .

         ,    .        ,   ,       .     , ,    (      ,       )    ,       .

        .  ,          ,  ,      ;            ,  ,        .          ,   ,        .     ,      ,   ,    ,   ,    :  ,   .     ?[12 - .: Allport G. W. Becoming: basic considerations for the psychology of personality. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1955. . . . 166216.]

 .  .               :   ,     ,          ,        (. ., . 354).        (. . ., . 4661, 354369),     ,  .         ,            ,  ,   ,               .      ,       ,               .  1920-    :    ,     . ,      ,                -,   ,   - .      :          ,         .               [13 - . : Evans R. I. Gordon Allport: The man and his ideas. N. Y.: E. P. Dutton & Co., Inc., 1970. . 24.].

        ,   ,    ,    . ,    ,        (   ) .                . ,  ,      ,  ,    ,     ,     .      (, )    ,        ,   ,  ,   .      ,      .  ,   :      ,          ,   ,   ,   ,   .     ,        . ,  ,   ,       ,  ,    . ,  ,         ,     . ,      .      ,    .               ,       ,     .

         .              :   ,      .             .   1950-      ,        .    ,      ,   ,  ,  ,     , ,   ,          ,      -  .                ,       ,  ,   ,      ,            [14 - .: Allport G. W. Pattern and growth in personality. N. Y.: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1961. . . . 217461.].      :  ,  ,   ,       ,    . , ,      ,            .

      ,          ,   .      ,        .          ,       .    ,   ,    ,    ,    ,         . ,  ,       ,      ,      ,   . ,          .

                  .            , ,         .  ,          ,      ,        .          ,   ,  ,       ,    [15 - Ibidem.].             .        ,          .               ,     .       ,       .    ,     .

    ,    .              ,      [16 - Allport G.W., Odbert H.S. Trait-names: a psycho-lexical study // Psychological Monographs. 1936. Vol. 47. 211. . 1171.].  ,          -.       .      ,   ,   .  ,        -    ,     .

 ,  ,       ,   ,       ,        [17 - Allport G. W. Personality: A psychological interpretation. N. Y.: Holt, 1937. . 295.].          .     ,                   .     ,      [18 - Ibidem. . 296.].    ,    ,           .         ,         ,    .    ,         -      .     ,    ,   ,        .

߻  .         .  1942          (. . ., . 7592).   XIX      ,  ,         ,        ,        ,   ,   .       .

    ,       :    -,       ,  , ,  .     ,     ,   ,  ,        ,     .

 1950-            [19 - .: Allport G. W. Becoming: basic considerations for the psychology of personality. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1955. . . . 166216.].     ,   ,  ,     . ,  ,   ,  .        ,    ,       ,      . ,          ,     ,    ,      .     ,               . .  ,                ,       ,      ,     .

   ,    ,  .      ,        ,    , , ,     ,      .     ,     ,   .           .       ,    ,     -   .       ,  .  ,       ߻.         ,        .     ,        ,         . ,  ,   ,           ,    ,        .        ,             ,          - .     ,        ,         .      46 .         :   ,        ,   -   ,  ;       .       :  ,   ,  ,     .        56 .   , ,    ,    ,    ,    ,    .          -  -. , ,   .      6  12 ,    ,              .     , -,       .        ,       ,         .            , ,  .      ,   , ,   .   ,        , ,     .           .   ,    ,         .    ,   ,       ,  ,    ,      .      ;        .       ,   .     ,      .

 .   ,        , ,          [20 - Allport G. W. Personality: A psychological interpretation. N. Y.: Holt, 1937. . 216.].    1937       ,       .      ,  ߻.        ,           .   , .         , ,   ,      .     .          .

          ,   6     (. . ., . 3545, 330354),      . -,       .       ,   -   ,    ,  ,     , ,    . -,       .  ,         .           ,    ,      .                 .         ,  .            ,      ;       ,     ,    ,     .        ,    .    ,   ,   ,      . -,            ,    . -,      .    ,         .

       ,         . ,            .    ,       ,        .    ,          [21 - .: Evans R. I. Gordon Allport: The man and his ideas. N. Y.: E. P. Dutton & Co., Inc., 1970. . 122123.].


* * *

           ,         : , ,   , ,   ,    ,           .          ,               .                           XX .

     :   ,     ,       ,      ,       ,       ,    .       ,    ,         . , , ,           :      ,        ;  ,      ,        ,     .

              . ,      XX .         ,     ,     .   ,     ,            ,     .      ;     ,      ,          .

  ,     ,        .    , , , ,    .     , , , ,    .



..
  




[22 -    1967.   : Allport G. The Person in psychology. Boston: Beacon, 1968. P. 376409.]


 ,         ,          .  ,     ,    ,   - .   , ,    . ,      ,   .

 ,        ,  ,     ,   ,  ,       ,     ,      . ,       ,  ,   (   ,   )    ,      .           .

      .      ?           ?    (  ) ,    ?                  .     ,       ,      ,  ,         .

 1940        :      ?.     ,  ,  ,  . . ,  ,  ,  ,  -,  ,     .     ,    , ,      ,             .

       . ,            ,        .       ,        ,  , ,             (The Use of Personal Documents in Psychological Science, 1942).

     ,      .              .   ,    , ,        .


18971915

         ,        .         - , -,    ,      .     ,   ,   .    ,       ,      .        .

    ,              . ,     ,  11  1897   ,  ,      . ,         .          ,  . ,     ,    ,   (),     ,     .

     (  9 ,   7,   5 ),         .     ,         .         .    10 ,    : ,     .    ,        .

           -.      ,      -    .  ,    (. 1863.),    , ,    (. 1862.)  - .

          .                     .          ,        ,       .   ,             .    ,     :    ,       , ,          .    ,     ,          ,        .    .  , ,  ,     :      ,  ,      ,    ,      .  ,   ,    ,     .

      ,       ,         1915   ,      ( 100 ). ,   ,  ,         ,       .

     .    ,      ,     ,    .      ,     1913 ,     .   ,      ,        ,      .    .


19151924

  -            ? .       . ,      ;      ,      .   (19151919)    .

         .    (   )      .        .  ,          .      detur[23 -       (.).     (*)   .](    ?)      ,  (   ?).  50              .         ,       .       ,         .  ,       .

     ,   [24 -  (, )          .].   , ,   .        :    (Psychology: General and Applied, 1914)    ,  ,        ,   .  ,     ,  .      ?    .       .       ? (What Should Psychologist Do About Psychoanalysis? 1940)  ,        ,      ,          .     ,    .  :    ?        ,         .

       . ,  ,     .          .                     .             .      ̸            .

       .           (   ,     ).      ,   ,      .     ,   .         , 11  1918 .   1919     ,    .

                ,         ,     .              ,         (  ),          .            ,            ,           .                   -.       ,  ,     (   ),   ,   ,         .

       ,        .   ,              .        ,   , ,    ,              .  ,        ,          .       ,  ,    ,   .

        .             .        .          ,           . , ,       ,      .

        ,  .   ,          .       .                   (19191920).       ,  ,    .         ,   ,       ,   .               ,            ,    ,         .

         :      .      ,    ,         .              .      ,     .      .

       ,        , , ,       .     ,   ,         .      ,   ,     .      .     ,        .      ,     ,       .            .        .    :             .     schmutzig[25 -  (.).].      Hausfrau[26 -  (.).]      ,        .

    ,          :      ?. ,    ,      .        ,     .  ,      ,     (     )   .         ,   ,           .

    ,   ,    ,    ,          ,    .     -,      .   ,      (The Trend in Motivation Theory, 1953),      , ,     .   ,          ,      -.

  ,  ,         (  );       ,           1922      . -              ,      .             (Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology).      ,    ,   (19371948)    .

        .        ,        , ,  ( ),      .  ,   ,    -  .       .      :    ,    .  ,     .              .

        ,       ?  ,     , -,         ,       .   ,              ,        . .    ,               . ,     ,  ,    ,     .      (  ) ,   :     (Personality Traits: Their Classification and Measurement, 1921).     ,     :    ,     1924  1925 , , ,        .

      .            .         ,        1922 ,       .                    .                .    :       ?.          :   ,   .   ,   .

    .        -    ,     . , ,       ,    .       ,      .

 ,              .    ,    . -,              ,  ,          .     . -,       ,         .        .

        ,          .         .    . .         ,      .           . .   . . .

          ,       ,    ,  ʸ     ,         .       ,               ,   ,      .

      .       .       ,  ,            .   ,          . Ganzheit  Gestalt, Structur  Lebenformen,   die unteilbare Person[27 - , , ,  ,   (.).]       .    ,    ,      .

,  ,         . (      .)      ,      -,          (      ) .       ,       .

 ,         ,    .     (American Journal of Pshychology)    Bericht[28 -  (.).]     (1923),     ,  Structurbegriff[29 -   (.).]: ,  ,      Verstehen[30 -  (.).].  ,  ,           (         IQ)    ,      ,       .

      ,           . . .          ,  .     :   (Eidetic Imagery, 1924),     (The Eidetic Image and the After-image, 1928)         (Change and Decay in the Visual Memory Image, 1930).                  .             .

    ,      .         .  .            (Psyche, 1924), , ,                .

       .          1924       .            ,            .


19241930

     ,       .         ,      ,       .  1925     ,         ,     .

      1927 ,        .    ,          .

            - . -,    ,            .          .       ,  -     - ,                   .     ,      ,      .    ,   ,               ,  ,         .  1936     ,           :   (Personality: Psychological Interpretation, 1937).       ,            [31 - .: Powers E., Witmer H. An experiment in the prevention of delinquency. N. Y.: Columbia, 1951.].          ,           ,  .                          .

-,       . ,          . ,             ,   ,            -I.  , ,  ,         (     ,      ).        .          ,                          .

 ,          -.   ,   ,    .     ,      .     -,      .      ,     ( ,    ,   ).          ,  ,   -          .          ,    ,    .             ,         .    -    .     ,       .           ,          1938 .         ,  ,      -   . -        ,        .

              .    ,  1928       .           (    ).    ,    ,      .     .    (Social Psychology, 1924) ,   ,     .               ,      ,   ,   ,  ,   .          ,  .   ,    ,       ,   .      ,  -              .     ?

  ,    , -,           . ,               .

              ,    ,     1930 ,     (  ).       (Becoming, 1955)  ,      .      (A Long Journey, 1964)   ,       .     ,  ,      .

            .         ,         ,     .        .

 ,   ,     . ,     ,         .             .     ,   ,       ߻     .    ,         .

             .          ,     .             .          .            ,           ,   .             .          .              ,   IX      1929 .      ? (What Is a Trait of Personality? 1931).          .      36         1965           .        (Traits Revisited).

        ,  ,  ,            .  -  ,       .  1928        ,     1930       .  ,   1915         ,    .


19301946

     .         Psychological Bulletin,        ,       Psychological Abstracts     (    ).             ,           : , , -, , ,   .       ,     .             ,  ,   .           .       ,      :    (Studies in Expressive Movement, 1933)    (A Study of Values, 1931).         ,    .           ,      : , , , ,   .    ,      ,     .        1951,    1960- .  ,        ,       ,         .

                , ,   .     (.   The Person in Psychology)   ,    ,    ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,     .   ,        .

     .     (,    ,        )    . ,     .  ,     .      (Social Science Research Council)      (National Research Council)      ;      (Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology)      .  ,             ,  ,          .    ,         (1937).          (American Psychological Association)  1939 .

            :   (Personality: A Psychological Interpretation, 1937).    ,         .       ,    . ,   ?     , -       .   ,    ,  ,       ,           ,    .        ,   , ,  ,    ,        .      -  .     ,  ,       ,    .          ,          ,  ,      ,    .             .          ,    ,                 . ,     ,    () ,         .

    (     )           .       . ,  ,        ,            .       -,         .  ,            ,             ,    -    .               .              ,   ,              . ,    , ,     ,        .      ,       ,  ,        .                 ,        (Pattern and Growth in Personality, 1961).

        , ,             .    ,   ,        ,          . .     (Murchison C. C. Handbook of Social Psychology, 1935).                   (The Psychology of Radio, 1935,   ).

          .               ,       .  ,          ,    ,    .  ,      - ,     ,   .    :      ?.     .        ,      ,       .       ,         ,                  .    (  )     (Worksheets in Morale).

    .     ,    ,       ,        .     25   .     .

       .        1933   -    ;      : , , ʸ, , ,       .       .          .    ,             .         . . .   . .        90  ,    ,       (Personality under Social Catastrophe, 1941).

      ,       ,       Boston Traveler,   ,        .      : ,      .  ,      ,   .            . .       ,               (The Psychology of Rumor, 1947).

        ,        .    2038             Psychological Bulletin (1945).        - ,         .

            ,       ,  .  1936        (Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues  SPSSI).      ,  ,  ,  ,     .      1944 .      ,           .

                  .      ,         .      L-P  Lebenspsychologie[32 -   (.).].           (1935).                  1948 ,       ,    (Tensions That Cause Wars, 1960).       .

    ,            .  ,  ,          .  ,        .      , ,      .          (, ,   -),   ,   ( )   (, , ).        ,  ,   ,       .   ,   , , ,   ,       .       (   )    ,    .    ,    1946          .

    ,       .               . .         ,           .            1964 .        ,       .


19461966

18.00       .     1946       ,   17.50    .      ,    ,          .        ,  ,     ,      .  17.59 -   ,         .  ,      ,           ,       .   ,    ,      , ,   ,       .

                  ( ,  ,  ,    )    ,   ,     .   1946      .   (   )       .            ,     900    .           : 400    200    .   ( )     ,       .              .    ,     ,      .

,        ,     ,             .          ,       , , ,     .  ,       ,   .             ,         .     ,        ,         .      ,       ,     ,    .     ,   ,  .                  .

    -      .            (    ) ,   ,    . ( ,     -     ,         .)

        ,  . , ,                  ,        ,  ,  ,    ,  ,  ,        .             :      ,        ,       ,         .

                  ,       (The Nature of Prejudice, 1954). -,   ,      ,    .      ,       , ,    -   ,     ,           .

       ,       .            .   .                 ,        1956 . ,                    -     .   ,    ,   ,    ,     , ,         ,      .

     -     .   ,      (Cultural Influences on the Perception of Movement, 1957),   , ,       ,     .

     ,                ,           .      ,     .

    (      ),                .  ,            . , ,             .         -   . ,          (The Ego in Contemporary Psychology, 1943).          ߻     ,   .     ,               (The Individual and His Religion, 1950).          :      (Becoming: Basic Considerations for a Psychology of Personality, 1955).                (Personality and Social Encounter, 1960).             ,     (1964).

-,   ,    ,   . ,    ,      ,     ., ,  :   (Mental Health: A Generic Attitude, 1964). ,  ,  ,               .

     ,   ,    , ,          ,  ,       .               1961 .        (Das Allgemeine und das Eigenartige in der Psychologischen Praxis, 1961).          .       ,      ,              .    ,      - ,     ,       () ,     .   , ,     :    ?.

         300    .       58- ,    12 ,    .               . , ,  ,      .        ,                    ;        (Letters from Jenny, 1965).

  ,     ,            (The Historical Background of Modern Social Psychology)      (Lindzey G. Handbook of Social Psychology, 1954).                   ?    .     ,         , , , -       .

 , ,     1937  .    ;              ,     .             (Pattern and Growth in Personality, 1961).   (     ),         .

     .    100    .       .                  .                   , ,            .           1965 ,          .                ,         . ,      -,             (           ).

          .   1966           .   .       ,          ,         ,       .  ,                    ,      .   -                  ,         ,   .


-

       .       ,       ,   ,    ,       .  ,               ,           . (,       .)

    (, ,    )     ,   .  ,      (   ߻),    ,         ,  (   ) , ,           , ,       .          .

,   , ,            .    ,             .       ,    ,     .

      XVII      ,     :   ? (The Fruits of Ecledticism: Bitter or Sweet? 1964).                ,        .    ,        ,   .    ,           (Open System in Personality Theory, 1960)    . ,              ,      ,    .

   - ,           .      ,           .         ,      .        ,         . -,         .        .       ,        ,         ,      .      .     ,   ,         .     .    :    ,    .  ,   ,         ,         .

                     ,              . ,        .  ,  ,  ,         .

    ? ,          ,    ,     , ,        ,     .          ,         .            ,   ,     .

     ,      .    ,     ,       ,     .    XVII    ,   1963   ,               :            .   ,     .




  





   [33 -   V    . ,  1957.  : Allport G. Personality and Social Encounter: Selected essays. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1960. P. 155168.]


    ,      .  ,      ,        ,     ,      .

   ,          :   .            ,      ,     .

     ,        . ,      , -    ,       ;      ,      .   ,        ,    ,     .         : ,     ,     . ,  ,                  .        ,    .

            ,  .                 . ,      ,      .      ,   ,         .     ,    .

      ,   1920- .         ,        . ,    ,  ,      ,  .        ,  ,    ,  .

 .         ,         ,     .       ,       ,  ,         ,           .         .          ,    ,   .

,               .     ,   , ,     .

     ,               .   ,    ,          ,     ,     ,   .            ,    ,    .           ,  ,   ,      .


  

         ,   .      :        .     ,     (  )     (  ).         ,      .  ,     (,     ,   )   ( ).   ,   .      , ,    .

. .  :         ?[34 - Shoben E. J., Jr. Toward a concept of the normal personality // American Psychologist. 1957. Vol.?12. P.?183189.].    ,     ,       ,       ,      .           ().           .    , ,     ,    ,  , ,    , ,    ,       .            ,  .  ,       ,         ,       , , ,  .

          . ,  ,        ,     .

    ,       .      .   ,      ,      ,      ,               .  ,       ,             .        ,    ,   .   ,           .   ,              ,           ,    .

 ,          ,       ,       .     ,   -      .      ,  ,         ?   -    ?  ,           ,   ,   ?   ,   ,          ? ,      ,    . ,   ,     ,          . ,    ,   .

       .          [35 - Halmos P. Towards a measure of man: the frontiers of normal adjustment. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1957.] :    ?.   ,    ,   ,    ,         .       ,      ,       ,        ,     (      ),   ,    .

          .        ,    .      .      , ,     ,  , ,     .

 , ,   ,    ,    .            :                  ,       .    ,           .         ,         .       ,  ,   .

       ,  . ,   (  ),         ,    ;       ;        .

 ,        ,  ,       . ,       ,   ,        ,    .   ,     .        ,      .   :       ,    .   ,        ,  ,      .            . ,    ,  .        ,         [36 - Wolff W. The threshold of the abnormal. N. Y.: Hermitage House, 1950. . 131 f.].

                  ,   -      ,     ,    .   ,     ,    .  :   ,     ? :            ?.  :            ?.

        .   :  :      ,        .    ,             ,     ?  ,      ,     .      ,      ,    ,           ,     .


  

     ,         , , ,   ,    .  ,   ,   ,    .  :     ,     ;         ,       .      ,      ,   ,   .    , ,   ,      .

     ,   .                .      +0,34,  ,     +0,58,     ,   . ,            [37 - . : Hall C., Lindzey G. Theories of personality. N. Y.: John Wiley, 1957. P. 492496. <. .:  . .,  .  . .: +, 1997.>].  ,           ;     ,     .              .        ,       .   ,        .     (+0,90)       . ,   1,      ,  ,  .

,       ,        ,      .


   

,   ,   . .       , ,   ,  (soundness),      ,      .         ,    ,  ,     .          (           )     [38 - Barron F. Personal soundness in university graduate students (Publications of Personnel Assessment Research,  l). Berkeley: California University Press, 1954.]. -,       ;          .  ,            , , ,  .      (MMPI)       ,   ,   .    ,    . ,      ,           ,   .



        .      ,  ,  ,   ,    .     . ,      ,  ,        .       ,       :   ,  , ,      .     ,         ( )     ( )[39 - Maslow A. H. Motivation and personality. N. Y.: Harper, 1954. Ch. 12. <. .:  . .   . .: , 1999. >].

        ,    :      .         ,        ,      ,      .          , , ,         ,  20  .      [40 - Allport G. W. Personality: a psychological interpretation. N. Y.: Holt, 1937. Ch. 8.].

  ,   :

1) ߻           .  ,   ,   ,     .

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 ,           ,          .        , ,  ,         ,   (   )   ; -, ,       .      ;   ,     ;    ;        .  ,  , -,    -  ,   ,   ,       .      ,   ,   , ,      .  ,       ,   ,    ,        .     ,         ,    .

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,        .       .           ,  :  ,        ;  ;    ;        ;   ,   ;    ,  ,       .

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   .              .  ,      ; ,       ,      .     .  ,        ,     .  ,  ,   ,    , ,  .

     ,  ,      ,     ,   ,  ,    . ,           ,    ,     .




   ?[41 -   V    . ,  1957.  : Allport G. Personality and Social Encounter: Selected essays. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1960. P. 111129.]


 ,      , , -,    . ,   ,    ,          ,    (),      .


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 IV      XVII          ,   : , ,   ,           .   ,     ,      ,         [42 - .: Sherrington C. Man on his nature. 2nd ed. N. Y.: Double-day Anchor, 1953. Ch. 1.].          , ,  ,  [43 - 頖      , .]     :   (),   (),  ()   (). Quatuor humores in nostro corpore regnant[44 -       (.).],    XIII .           ,    1628          [45 - .: Allport G. W. Personality: a psychological interpretation. N. Y.: Holt, 1937. Ch. 3.].

    ,       ,         ,  .  ,  ,  ,    ,       ,     .

       .  ,    ,      ,                -,          .     , ,    -,     .      ,      .  1924   ,    14000  ,      [46 - Bernard L. L. Instinct: a study in social psychology. N. Y.: Holt, 1924. . 220.].      ,        .   (  )     ,     -   ,       [47 - bb D. . The organization of behavior. N. Y.: Wiley, 1949.] ,            .


     

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      .               .        ,   , , ,   ?       ,   , , ,    ?      .        ,            .        ,  14000  ,  ,   .  ,        ,      ,     . ,   ,    American Psychologist  :      238          5   ,       ,             ,   [48 - American Psychologist. 1957. 12. P. 51.].

         ,          ,   ,         ,   .   ,   ,      ?   ,        ?   .               .


   

-,    ,  ,  ,   .  ,  ,        ,  ,    .       ,     ,    .        ,    ,          .   , ,             .              ,     .

   ,   ,  ,       .   ,        ,     .  .   ,   ,   ,       .      ,           ,  (  -  [49 - MacCorquodale ., Meehl P. E. On a distinction between hypothetical constructs and intervening variables // Psychological Review. 1948. Vol. 55. . 95107.]),  ,   ,  ,   .      ,           ,   ;            ,         .     .   ,         ,   ,        ,      .

    ,             .            .        ,        , -, .   ,          .         ,             .

     ,     [50 - .: Tagiuri R., Petrullo L. (eds.). Person-perception and interpersonal behavior. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press, 1958.].       ,       . ,  ,  ,      ,         .         ,       ,     .      ,           ,    ,           . ,      ; ,    -,      ,      -    .

      ,  ,       .       .    ,       ?         ,      ,    .    ,     .     ,        ,   .       ,     .


 

 .    ,     ,   ,        .        . ,        ,    .      ,    ,      -   -.             . ,  ,   ߔ,     ,    [51 - James W. Psychology: briefer course. N. Y.: Holt, 1910. . 179.].

            [52 - Coutu W. Emergent human nature. N. Y.: Knopf, 1949.],   ,         ,   ,       ,  ,            . ,  ,     ,   --.         ,        ߻,       .       ,      ,    ?       .

   . -,          .    . ,   ,    ,          ,      .    ,         , ,     ,     ,  ,           ,    ,    ,     .

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,     .         .      ,   . ,     , ,   ,         .       (, ,   ), ,   ,  ,      ,   .

     ,       [53 - .:  .    . . . . 93104.].  , ,     ,           ,   ,         ,    .  ,   ,   ,   ,    ,  .   ,   ,     .

             ,        ,    . ,   ,          -  - .              .    ,        - ,          .

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            ,            .   . . ,         ,     ()  .      .  ,      . [54 - Tannenbaum A. S., Allport F. H. Personality structure and group structure: an interpretative study of their relationship through an event-structure hypothesis // Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology. 1956. Vol. 53. P. 272280.],          ,    ,   ,   , ,   ,    .


    

      .        ?   ,           ,         .       . [55 - Murray H. A. et al. Explorations in personality. N. Y.: Oxford University Press, 1938.] ,     ( )      ,    .  , -[56 - McClelland D. . Personality. N. Y.: Dryden, 1951. .: Personality: an integrative view // Psychology of personality / d. by J. L. McCary. N. Y.: Logos, 1956.]     .          ,    ,    .         ,        .

  ,         ,    ,   . , ,        ,   ,        .   ,      ,  .    (  )      ,         . ,  ,   ,     ,               ,   .     ,         ,       ( ),  .

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  ,         .          ,       .   ,   ,         .

  . ,     ,        .          ,          .       ,     .   .  ( 1917.)       ,          .  ,    1945 ,          ,          .     MMPI,  550 ,   26  .        ,   ,     .  ,   ,   ,             .     ,        . ,       ,         .          -     -.

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  ,  .

1. .       ,        ,    .      ,         . -,  ,    ,  ,       .

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3. . ,          .     (     ,     ),       ,   , ,    ,  .  ,            ,  ,   .  ,    ,     ,                     .

4. .     .        ,        .   ,     ,      .        ,       , , ,   .         , ,       ,           ,  ,     .

5. .     ,         .       ,  ,    ,   .       ,        . [57 - Witkin H. A., Lewis H. B., Hertzman M., Machover K., Meissner P., Wapner S. Personality through perception. N. Y.: Harper, 1954.]      .        ,  ,      ,   ,           .

6.  .         ,     ,       .         ,    .      ,     (Study of Values)     .  , ,        ,     .

7. .         .       .      , ,   ,   , , , ,     .

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9. .           .            , : , , ,  .             MMPI.                      .

10. .        .       ,    . ,            .  ,    ,          .       .    ,  ,        ,    ,          . ,   [58 - Guilford J. P., Zimmerman W. S. Fourteen dimensions of temperament // Psychological Monographs. 1956. 417.]  ,  


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          ;     :      .         [59 - Woodworth R. S., Marquis D. G. Psychology. N. Y.: Holt, 1947.],      [60 - Cattell R. B. Description and measurement of personality. Yonkers (N. Y.): World Book, 1946.],       : , ,  , , , ,   , , , , , .              .

     .           ,      ,     .       ,    .         . ,     (         ,    ),            .

        ,         . [61 - Vernon P. E. Personality tests and assessments. London: Methuen, 1953.],             .      ,           ,       [62 - Heath . W. What people are. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1945.].  , ,      -,    .

         ,     : , ,  ?      ,           . ,        ,        .


  

  , ,      .   ,         ,     ?   ,      ,    ,       ?   ,          ?

       ,    . ,          ,   ,    .    ,        ? , . .     ,   , ,            ,         .   :    ,      ,      [63 - Baldwin A. L. The study of individual personality by means of the intraindividual correlation // Journal of Personality. 1946. Vol. 14. P. 168.].

 ,    ,    ,  ,     .

      ,         .      -      ,    ,     ,      ,   ,   ,        .      ,      ,   .       , , ,   ..,          .

       ,        .   :      ,  ,  ?  ,   , -,  ?.    :   ,       (      ),          ?  ,         ?.

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 90%    ,          .   ,    7,2   (   3  10).

 ,             .  ,  ,            ,          .

   ,           .  ,    ,    ,   , ,   .     ,         , ,   ,     .         :    ,    ,    .     ,     ,           .         .

     ,                [64 - Perry R. B. The thought and character of William James. Boston: Little, Brown, 1936. Vol. II. Ch. 9091.].         ,   ,          ,  .          ,        .  1) , 2)    , 3)     4)     .           : 5) , 6) , 7) , 8) . ,     ,   ,        ,           .           .        .

 ,        [65 - Kelly G. A. The psychology of personal constructs. N. Y.: Norton, 1955. Vol. I. P. 34.]       .         ,      ,   . ,   ,    ,     .      , ,       ()   .    ,   ,   ,     . ,            .        ,   ,            (   ),             ,   ,      .

       ,     ,      ,  ,  ,                    . ,          ,            .         .        ,      .      .          ,       ,    ,      ,       .  ,           ,        .

        -,   [66 - Baldwin . L. Personal structure analysis: a statistical method for investigating the single personality // Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology. 1942. Vol. 37. P. 163183.].      ,            .

        . . [67 - Allport F. H. Teleonomic description in the study of personality // Character and Personality. 1937. Vol. 6. P. 202214.],                . ,    ,        ( ,  ),        .                   .        ,     ,  ,   ,        ,     ,    .

     ,  ,   ,           .     :       .    .     ,    .  ,               ,   .           ?   ,               ,    ,   ,      . ,     ,              ,  ,  ,        .       ,     ?  ,  ,      ,      ,    .

  ,         .       , , -  ,        ,   ,          .      ,   : scientia non est individuorum.           ,        ?[68 -   (. )     ,   ,     .]




         .  ,     ,   .      -  .             ,       ,        ,  -  .            :  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,   ,  ,  ,     ,        . ,    ,       .    ,        (                  ),                .

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    [69 -  ,           ,   XIV        1959.     Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology. (1960).   : Allport G. Personality and Social Encounter: Selected essays. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1960. P. 3954.]


   ,    .           .   -   1908   1920 .       .     ,    ,    . ,            ;     .

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   ,      ,    .         (Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology),  ,   21 ,   , 90%       ,        .          50%     1949 .   ,   ,   ,      .  ,   ,  ,  ,      ,     ?        ,               .  ,       .   ,  ,      ,  ,     ,       1912 .


 

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:     re-  pro-   .     ,    re-,  , ,   ,    ,     pro-,  , ,  .       Psychological abstracts,       30 ,              (Hinsie, Shatzky. Psychiatric dictionary)       (English, English. Psychological dictionary).  ,          .     ,    re-     ,    pro-.

, ,       .       reference, relationship, reticular, report [, , , ],   probability, process, propaganda [, , ].    ,  ,        ,          Psychological dictionary,   ,          .

          ,    ,    ,   ,         ,      5:1.  ,          reaction, response, reinforcement, reflex, respondent, retroaction, recognition, regression, reminiscence [, , , , ,  , , , , ],    production, proceeding, proficiency, problem-solving, propriate, programming [, , ,  , , ].         .    ,      ,     reflex, reaction, response, retention [, , , ]       ,      pro-,   problem-solving  projective [   ], ,  ,       .

   .   ,   ,    ,   pro.   expectancy, intention, purpose [, , ].     ,         ,   re.   coding, traces, input  output [, ,   ]  .. ,       ,           .      ,     ,  ,       , ,   ,             .                ,    ,    .


 

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,     ,     ,      ,       ,      .      ,  ,        ,      ,    .       , ,  ,   ,    .

             . ,      ,       .  ,      ,     ,    ,    , -    [70 - Bridgman P. W. The way things are. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1959. P. 188.].

       .     ,     , ,      .    ,     ,     ,          ;   ,      .

 ,    [71 - Von Bertalanffy L. Theoretical models in biology and psychology // Ed. by D. Krech, G. S. Klein. Theoretical models and personality theory. Durham (N. C.): Duke University Press, 1952.], [72 - Brunswik E. The conceptual framework of psychology // International Encyclopedia of Unified Science. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1955. Vol. I. . 10.] -[73 - Pumpian-Mindlin E. Propositions concerning energetic-economic aspects of libido theory // Annales of New York Academy of Sciences. 1959. Vol. 76. P. 10381052.],  ( ),          . , -,       .     ,     (    ,                   ).   ,  ,        .  ,              .            ,     .

    ,      : 1)         . 2)       () ,            . 3)               . 4) ,      ,           ,      [74 -             .  ,       ,            ,         ,           (Von Bertalanffy K.Problems of life. N. Y.: Wiley, 1952. P. 125).             (Ibidem. P. 145; Von Bertalanffy L. Theoretical models in biology and psychology // Theoretical models and personality theory?/?Ed. by D. Krech, G. S. Klein. Durham (N. C.): Duke University Press, 1952. P. 34).].

           ,          ,        ,     ,    .



 1

  :    .            ,    .  ,  ,   ,   . ,    ,   ,     .                 .       ,   ,       .                .  ,     .



 2

          ,     .  ,               .  ,   [75 - Stagner R. Homeostasis as a unifying concept in personality theory // Psychological Review. 1951. Vol.?58. P. 517.] ,        [76 - Cannon W. . The wisdom of the body. N. Y.: Norton, 1932.][77 -      .   , .  (Mowrer H. S. A cognitive theory of dynamics // Contemporary Psychology. 1959. Vol. 4. P. 129133)    .  ,                ,       (Woodworth R. Dynamics of behavior. N. Y.: Holt, 1958).       ,       .  ,     ,           . , ,           ,     .].         ,    ,   ,    ..    . ,    [78 - Toch H. H., Hastorf A. H. Homeostasis in psychology // Psychiatry. 1955. Vol. 18. P. 8191.]        .   ,      ,           ,          [79 - Cannon W. . Op. cit. P. 323.].    ,            .     ,        modus operandi[80 - C  (.).]    .

       .  ,       : ,    . ,    -     .        [81 -      ,            .   ,   ,    (Merton R. K. Social theory and social structure, rev. ed. Glencoe (Ill.): The Free Press, 1957. Ch. 1),     ,    ,               .  ,      ,          .].

 .            .                 .  ,   ,   , ,   ,   ( )   ( ),   . ,     ,    .  ,        ,          ,       .

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             .  ,        .   ,   ,     .      ,         , , , .               , , ,     .            (,   , :        ,      ).      :                    .          , ,  ,     ,     [82 - Allport G. W. Becoming: basic considerations for a psychology of personality. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1955. P. 6874. <. . . 166216.>]. ,   ,        ,            ,     ,   [83 - Smith H. The religions of man. N. Y.: Harper, 1958; N. Y.: Mentor, 1959.]. (    ,               ,       ,   ?)

            .              ,    ,         .            ,        [84 - Frankl V. E. From death camp to existentialism. Boston: Beacon, 1959.].       ,   ?        .        ,         .   ?    ,     ?    .

 ,           ,        .     , ,     [85 - Frankl V. E. Das homeostatische Prinzip und die dynamische Psychologie // Zeitschrift f?r Psychotherapie und Medizinische Psychologie. 1959. 9. Bd. S. 4147.].       ,     ,   ,    ,  .             .

  ,           .          ,       .   ,               .    ,    .      ;       ,     .



 3

     ,    ,                       .

          .           ,  -           ,     [86 - Gooddy W. Two directions of memory // Journal of Individual Psychology. 1959. Vol. 15. P. 8388.].       ,         .     , ,  ,     ,      ,   .     ,         .  ,       ,       .     - -[87 - .- :     -          (Pumpian-Mindlin E. Op. cit. P. 1051).].     ,       . (       , :       .) ,            ,   ,    ,    .

    .     .         , ,   ,       ,  ,          - ,      .

      . ,       , ,        [88 - Roby. . An opinion on the construction of behavior theory // American Psychologist. 1959. Vol.?14. P. 127134.].    ,       .   ,  ,        ,      .     ,  ,    ,  .



 4

    ,  . ,             ,     .   ( ,  ,    ),       .  ,         .                [89 - Hebb D. O. The mammal and his environment // American Journal of Psychiatry. 1955. Vol.?III. P.?826831. Reprinted in: Readings in social psychology / Ed. by E. E. Maccoby, T. M. Newcomb, E. L. Hartley. N. Y.: Holt, 1958. P. 335341.].               . ,       - ,    [90 - Murphy G. Human potentialities. N. Y.: Basic Books, 1958. P. 297.],         .       ,        .      .    ,    .        .

 ,     ,     ?      . ,    ߻ ,   ,     ,  ,      . ,    [91 - Parsons T. The social system. Glencoe (Ill.): The Free Press, 1951.] . . [92 - Allport F. H. Theories of perception and the concept of structure. N. Y.: Wiley, 1955.]       ,             .

,        .                .

      .  ,       ,      , , ,        , ,       .    : 1)  ,       ,     . 2)      .     ,   ,           ,   ,           .

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       ,        [93 - Miller J. G. Toward a general theory for the behavioral sciences // American Psychologist. 1955. Vol. 10. P. 513531.].        , , , ,  ,   .   (, [94 - Buck R. . On the logic of general behavior systems theory // Minnesota studies in the philosophy of science / Ed. by H. Feigl and M. Scriven. 1956. Vol. I.]) ,     ,   , ,  ,              .   ,           ,        .       ,   ,     ,             .

             .   ,      .             ..[95 - Bridgman P. W. The way things are. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1959.].                  ?

          39     [96 - Elkin F. Specialists interpret the case of Harry Holzer // Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology. 1947. Vol. 42. P. 99111.].     ,      .           .       .           ,    .

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       .    ?  ,     ,     ,     .   :           .      ,         .     ,     .    ,    .       ,         .              , ,     .

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    ,    -       .   , -   ,  ,         ,  -      .     ,        ,   ,  ,         () .

     ,   ,   ,      .   ,          .     ,    ,  ,    ..[99 - .: Hebb D. O. The organization of behavior. N. Y.: Wiley, 1949; Olds J., Milner P. Positive reinforcement produced by electrical stimulation of septal area and other regions of rat brain // Journal of Comparative Psychological Psychology. 1954. Vol. 47. P. 419427; Chang H. T. The repetitive discharge of cortico-thalamic reverberating circuit // Journal of Neurophysiology. 1950. Vol. 13. P. 235257.],            ,        .

      .  ,     ,         .     -      ,      .                .       ,           .        .

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 .          :        ,      ,    . ,       ,       .      :       ?[100 - .: Taylor J. G. Experimental design: a cloak for intellectual sterility // British Journal of Psychology. 1958. Vol. 49. P. 106116.].     ,         :        ? ,     ,    ,     ,          .


 

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   [101 -    1943.   : Allport G. Personality and Social Encounter: Selected essays. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1960. P. 7193.]





           ,              .    ,       ,      ,     .    :    .  ,     ,   ,      ,          .        ,    ,  -,     ?     ,  , ,   .  ,     .

,  1880- , ,  , ,           ,     . , ,    ,      ,     ,         .  ,             ,  - ,           ,   , ,   ,    .  ,           , ,   ,     .

              .    ,  , ,    ,       .       .

        ,  ,    ,     . ,    ,    ,     ,     ,  ,  .        ,    ,      (   )  .    ,      [102 - Murphy G. Psychology and the post-war world // Psychological Review. 1942. Vol. 49. P. 298318.].

           :          .  ,            ,      .  ,  ,      ,  ,      .    ,          .         ;      ,      .                  .  ,            .

    ,         ,    . ,      .        .       ,        ,  ,   ;     .  , ,   ,    .

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   ,    ,   , , .

   .     ,    ,    ,     .  ,           ,          .  ,    ,   ,   .        . ,  [103 - Beth M. Zur Psychologie des Ich // Archiv f?r die Gesamte Psychologie. 1933. Vol. 88. P. 323376; Oesterreich T. K. Phenomenologie des Ich in ihren Grundproblemen. Leipzig: J. A. Barth, 1910.] [104 - , Moore J. S. The problem of the self // Philosophical Review. 1933. Vol. 42. P. 487499.] -   .          [105 -              ,        ,           (Koffka K. Principles of Gestalt psychology. N. Y.: Harcourt, Brace, 1935).  ,      ,  , :  ,         .   ,        ,  ,    Self   -.].             .

   .         [106 - Amen E. W. An experimental study of the self in psychology // Psychological Monographs. 1926. Vol.?35. 165; Horowitz E. L. Spatial localization of the self // Journal of Social Psychology. 1935.Vol. 6. P. 379387; Lundholm H. Reflections upon the nature of the psychological self // Psychological Review. 1940. Vol. 47. P. 110126.]. ,     ,    .         ,     ,      ,      ,    ,    .    ,      (    , , ,  ,  , ),    :  ,     ,     ,       ,     ,        [107 - Horowitz E. L. Op. cit. P. 386.].

,    ,      : 1. ,    ,     ;      ,     ,      .       . 2. ,   ,    .      ,  ,   .        ,      . ,        ,   .       [108 - Delgado H. Psicologia y psicopatologia de la conscientia del yo // An. Inst. Psicol., University of Buenos Aires. 1938. Vol. 2. P. 135176; Federn P. Narzissmus im Ichfuge // Internationales Zeitschrift f?r Psychoanalyse. 1927. Bd. 13. S. 420438.]. ,     ,   ,      -,     ,           . ,  -,   ,      [109 - Lundholm H. Op. cit.].

   .           (Der Einzige und sein Eigentum)[110 - Stirner M. The ego and his own / Trans. by S. T. Byington. London: A. C. Fifield, 1912. <. .:  .    i. ., 1910.>] ,      ,       .  1918            c      :    (Legoisme: seule base de toute societ)[111 - Le Dantec F. Legoisme, seule base de toute societe. Paris: Flammarion, 1916.].      ,   ,      . ,      ,           . , ,     ,   ,    .       ,         .

    .        ,    ,  ,    ,  .    ,     ,     .   , ,  ,      , ,   ,        .

     . ,   ,          .           .    ,    ,   ,  ,   .       ,   ,    ,      (),    [112 - Freud S.The ego and the id / Trans. by J. Riviere. London: Hogarth Press, 1927. <. .: ?.    //  .  . .: , 1989. . 425439.>].,    ,        ;     ,   ,   .           .   , ,   ,  ,         -  .

     ,   -,     [113 - French R. M. Some psychoanalytic applications of the psychological field concept // Psychoanalytic Quarterly. 1942. Vol. 11. P. 1732; Hendrick I. Instinct and the ego during infancy // Ibidem. P. 3358.],  ?  .   ,  ,     ,      .   ,  ,    , ,    ,     ,       ,  ,    ,    ,        (  ,   ..),             [114 - Hartmann H. Ich-psychologie und Anpassungsproblem // Internationales Zeitschrift f?r Psychoanalyse. 1940. Bd. 21. S. 214.].   -   ,   ,   , ,   ,     .       ,  , , .

    .             ,    -       .  -      ,       [115 - McDougall W. The energies of men. N. Y.: Scribner, 1933. . 383.].        [116 - James W. Principles of psychology. N. Y.: Holt, 1890. I. . 141. <. .:  .   i. .: .-. , 1902.>],            .

           ,     ,    [117 - Koffka K. Op. cit. P. 670.].         ,          -.                [118 -    ,  ,                      ,             ,        .     ,   ,   ,         -   ,     (Goldstein K. Human nature in the light of psychopathology. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1940. . 144f.).].

   .     ,    ,    ,    .  ,           .        .   ,   ,          -.           ,   ,    ,    ,   ,  ,    .         -.

            [119 - Lewin K. Principles of topological psychology. N. Y.: McGraw-Hill, 1936. . 181.].      ,         .      ,               ,  ,   .  ,       -. , , , ,         ,      -[120 -    ,          . ,   ,  ,  ,  ,        .      ,                    (Lewin K. Some social-psychological differences between the United States and Germany // Character and Personality. 1936. Vol.?4. P. 265293 <. .:  .   . .: , 2000. . 106147>).].

,      ,  ,                ,    ,             .

    .   ,   ,   ,    .        .     ,      ,  . , ,    ,        ,         ,   ,          [121 - Sherif M. The psychology of social norms. N. Y.: Harper, 1936. . 179.].           , ,  ,         ,  ,          [122 - Ibidem. . 186.].   .       ,    , ,       ,    ?

  ,   ,   .  ,    , ,  ,    ,       [123 - Cantril H. The psychology of social movements. N. Y.: Wiley, 1941. . 44.]. ,      , ,    .    ,  ;       ,  ;      ,   .

   ,           .                 ,           .

        ,       .     ,    ,      ,  ,   ,   ,   ,   ,     ,    ,             .

  ,        - , ,    ,       .               ?             ?   -,  , -    ,      ?

     .    ,       ,      ,          ,    .

       , ,    ,       .      ,    ,  -         .     , ,  ,    .     ,  ,    ,    .       ,    .   ,    ,    , ,     ,       ,   .  , - ,    ,        ,  ,  ,       . ,  .


 

  .     ,       .   ,        . , ,    ,    [124 - Hartshorne H., May M. Studies in deceit. N. Y.: Macmillan, 1928.], ,    ,   [125 - Trow W. C. The psychology of confidence // Archives of Psychology. 1923. 67.].      [126 - Symonds P. M. The nature of conduct. N. Y.: Macmillan, 1928.]. ,   , ,  ,    ,    [127 - MacKinnon D. W. Violation of prohibitions // Explorations in personality / Ed. by H. A. Murray. N.?Y.: Oxford University Press, 1938. . 491501.]; ,    ,    [128 - Johnson D. M. Confidence and speed in two-category judgment // Archives of Psychology. 1939. ?241.];       [129 - Allport G. W. Personality: a psychological interpretation. N. Y.: Holt, 1937.].    ,   .  ,    ,     ,   . ,  ,    ,    ,       ,   [130 - Murphy G., Jensen G. Approaches to personality. N. Y.: Coward-McCann, 1932. . 385.].   ,            ,   ,  .          [131 - Klein G. S., Schoenfeld N. The influence of ego-involvement on confidence // Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology. 1941. Vol. 36. . 249258.].

           .      , , -.     ,   .                 .           .

    ,   .       .       ;    ,              .          . ,      ,      , ,       ,       .  ,     ,   ,      ,       .

        :   -    ,   -    .

           .           ,       [132 - Cantril H. Gauging public opinion. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1943. Ch. 3.].,    -  ,        ,           .   , ,       ,         .    ,    .           +0,63.

.          .  ,       ,     .              ,          [133 - Marks E. Skin color judgments of Negro college students // Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology. 1943. Vol. 38. P. 370376.].          ,   ,           .     ,       .

         1940   ,   ,    , 71% ,    ;  ,    ,  47%  [134 - Cantril H. Gauging public opinion. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1943.]. ,      -,       ,  24%-     ,   - .  ,          ,         .

     ,  .       ,     ,   -     ,       ,     ;                     ,  ,   ,   [135 - Ibidem. Ch. 5.].         ,                  .    ,       ,     ,     .

,   ,    . ,  ,         .             [136 - Ibidem.].   -  ,  ,       . - ,     ,    ,          [137 - Frenkel-Brunswik E. Mechanisms of self-deception // Journal of Social Psychology. 1939. Vol. 10. P. 409420.].    ,      ,     ,    ,     ,     ,     ,      ,          -.  ,              .          .   ,    ?

.    ,       [138 - Bartlett F. C. Remembering: a study in experimental and social psychology. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1932.]. , ,     .             .

 ,           -,      ,     .            (,   ), , -,    ,      .  ,      .

           ,  46 ,  .  ,  23  ,          ,  23   .       ,      .        21 .

   ,                 .    ,     ,         , , ,   ..,   - [139 - Edwards A. L. Rationalization in recognition as a result of a political frame of reference // Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology. 1941. Vol. 36. . 234.].

        ,  ,       ,   ,   [140 - Zillig M. Einstellung und Aussage // Zeitschrift f?r Psychologie. 1928. B. 106. S. 58106.].      ,      ,        [141 - Watson W. S., Hartmann G. W. Rigidity of a basic attitudinal frame // Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology. 1939. Vol. 34. P. 314336.].     ,            ,          [142 - Wallen R. Ego-involvement as a determinant of selective forgetting // Ibidem. 1942. Vol. 37. . 2039.].

   ,      ,   [143 - Levine J. M., Murphy G. The learning and forgetting of controversial material // Ibidem. 1943. Vol.?38. P. 507517.]. ,        ,  .     .       ,   ,       -.

 .   ,    ,      ,       (frame of reference).  , -,   -   ,       ,         ,   .       ,  ,      ,    [144 - Edwards A. L. Political frames of reference as a factor influencing recognition // Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology. 1941. Vol. 36. P. 3450.].      ,   ,        ,    [145 - Sells S. B. The atmosphere effect: an experimental study of reasoning // Archives of Psychology. 1936. 200.].

 ,       -.          ,  ,         - .          -.    ,          -.   ,    ,   ,   ,  ,  ,         .     (   )        ;            ,      ,   .

 ,         .   ,    ,    . ,         ,     ,     -,            .      ,    ,      ,    ,          .    ,     ,    ,     ,   -, ,    ,    ,       . ,        .    ! ,       ,    -.

 ,       ,          . ,  ,          (    ),    .            .

.                ,  .       1942     .      463  -       -   . ,     ,  ,   ,    , [146 - National Society for the Study of Education, The psychology of learning, Forty-first Yearbook. Part?2. Bloomington: Publ. School Pub. Co., 1942. . 118.],            .

,     ,         ,             .  .        ,    ,      .  :            ;     ,      [147 - Ibidem. . 349.].

   ,             .    -      .    , -,     -  ;       -   .          ,   ,   ,         .

        .   ;  ;  ;  .     ,       . ,               .   ,     ,         ,      ?        ,      ,  - ( ,       )     .

       ,      ,      , ,    .   ,       IQ,   .       :      ,      ,   ,            !, !  ..[148 - Terman L. M. The measurement of intelligence. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1916. P. 125.].

 ,  ,    ,     .        .        .       ,      .             - ,       .         .

    ,       .   -   .    -  ,        ,       .       ,        .   ,       -,        [149 -      :          ,           .             ,      (French R. M. Goal, mechanisms and integrative field // Psychocom. Med. 1941. Vol. 3. P. 245).].

    .   ,  ,   ,      .    ,        ,    .     ,           [150 - Hoppe F. Erfolg und Misserfolg // Psychologische Forschung. 1930. B. 14. S. 162.].         ,     . ,        ,      .           .    ,       [151 - Rosenzweig S. Preferences in the repetition of successful and unsuccessful activities as a function of age and personality // Journal of Genetic Psychology. 1933. Vol. 42. P. 423441.]., ,  ,      ,     .     .       .

, ,      .       ,    ,  ,  ,      ,  ,   ,     .  , ,    ,       ,    [152 - Israeli N. The social psychology of time // Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology. 1932. Vol.?27. . 209213.].  ,          .     ,     .        ,  ,          .

 ,           - ,     -.              ,   ,    .    ,     ?        ;       ;            . -        . ,        ,       ,     .

  : ,       ,           -.  ,    , ,        ,         ,      .     ,    ,    .  ,            .

. ,  :    ,       ,   .      - ,   ? .  ,     :   -,   ,   ,   ,     .

,  ,      ,     [153 - Huntley C. W. Judgments of self based upon records of expressive behavior // Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology. 1940. Vol. 35. P. 398427; Wolff W. Selbstbeurteilung and Fremdbeurteilung im wissentlichen und unwissentlichen Versuch // Psychologische Forschung. 1932. Bd. 16. S. 251329.]. ,  ,            ,    ,          .    ,    . ,   ,        ,      .                  .  - .     .       ,       ,         ,     .       .        .       ,   .    ,  , ,  ,      .        ,      ,      .

         ,  -      ,          .   ,   - ,   ,  ,     ,             -.       ,         ,  -    .      , -  .

   -,   ?       .    ,                   ,       .         ,    .      , , ,   -.        ,           .     ,     ,  - ,   .         -.         ,     ,  ,       .         ,     .   ,               -,    -   ,      .

 .        ,    , ,    ,         ,      ,         [154 - Hoppe F. Op. cit.].,       . ,      , , ,      . , , ,  ,           ,        ,      ,  37  ,  ,         .   ,  -          .            ,     . , -          [155 - Frank J. D. Some psychological determinations of the level of aspiration // American Journal of Psychology. 1935. Vol. 47. P. 285293.].   ,      -          [156 - Preston M. G., Bayton J. A. Differential effect of a social variable upon three levels of aspiration // Journal of Experimental Psychology. 1941. Vol. 29. P. 351369.].    ,      ,  ,   ,      ,    [157 - Frank J. D. Op. cit.].

 , ,       ,     .   ,  ;      ,        .  ,        ,        .

 .  ,           [158 - Roethlisberger F. J., Dickson W. J. Management and the worker. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1939.], [159 - Watson G. Work satisfaction // Industrial conflict: a psychological interpretation / Ed. by G.?W.?Hartmann. N. Y.: Cordon Press, 1939. Ch. 6.]    ,         ,  .   ,     ,  , ,         .      ,      .                 [160 - Ibidem. . 119.]. ,       ,         -.        ,                  ,       .


 

 ,    ,        ,     (,      )            (  ).        50  60%,   .      ,    .  ,     ,         .

 ,    -       ,      ,     .     ,  -       .     ,  -    (         ).     ,  - ,      .      ,   ,          .     ,     ,      ,      ,     .       ,        .

 ,  ,  ,          .   ,   ,   ,       [161 - Murray H. A. Explorations in personality. N. Y.: Oxford University Press, 1938.].,       [162 - Rogers C. R. Counseling and psychotherapy. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1942. <. .: ?.?.   . .: -, 2000.>],      ,    .        ,    ,   ,        .      . ,  .

      ,        .   ,    .   ,     -,         .      , ,   .

 ,  ,     ?,   .  , ,   ,      ,  , ,   ,   .  ,      ,  ,   -,  -. , ,    ,        ,     ,              .       ,        :   ,        .    , ,  ,     .    .        .  ,      ,   ,    ,   ,    ,     ,    .

      ,         ,     ,      .   ;       ,        .  ,   ,  ,      . ,      ,  ,     ,   ,       .       . ,    -:       .

,     ,   ,     . :  ,      90%  ?   ,   [163 - Israeli N. Op. cit.].   , ,  ,     ,   .  ,         ,  .

         deus ex machina[164 -    (.);      (        - ,       ).]  .   ,     ,   ,       ,  ,        . ,    ,        .      .     ,              .

,    ,      ,    ,  -      .          ,   ,   ,   .




   [165 -    1953.   : Allport G. Personality and Social Encounter: Selected essays. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1960. P. 95109.]


  , ,     ,  .     ,        ,             .

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          : .     ,    ,    ,    .                .               , ,         ,  ,  ,   ,   .

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         ,   ,     .   ,  ,          . ,   ,  , .  ,  ,       .           .

, , ,             . , ,  ,     ,   .            .  ,  ,    ,   [166 - Stagner R. Homeostasis as a unifying concept in personality theory // Psychological Review. 1951. Vol. 58. P. 12.]. -,         , , .     ?

 ,         ,              ,     .



     ,     ,       ,         [167 - Brozek J., Guetzkow H., Baldwin M. V., Cranston R. A quantitative study of perception and association in experimental semi-starvation // Journal of Personality. 1951. Vol. 19. P. 245264.].      ,           .      ,    .         ,      .       :       . , ,    .     ?      ,           ,          .      .  , ,               , ,    ,       .  ,     (  ,   ,  ,       )           .

    :                 .        .      ,        ,      .        .          .        .         :    , ,            .   ,     ,    ,  .

   , ,    [168 - Levine R., Chein I., Murphy G. The relation of the intensity of need to the amount of perceptual distortion: a preliminary report // Journal of Psychology. 1942. Vol. 13. P. 283293; Sanford R. N. The effect of abstinence from food upon imaginal processes // Ibidem. 1936. Vol. 2. P.?129136.].     ,      ,    ,    ,     , - ,          . ,   (    )          .  ,   ,    ,  ,    ,         ,  ,        .

       . . [169 - Getzels J. W. The assessment of personality and prejudice by the methods of paired direct and projective questionnaires. Unpublished thesis. Harvard College Library, Cambridge, 1951.].        :     ,    .      :



    , 

    , 



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,       .     20    .   65 : 25    , 40  ,     ,    .

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    ,  ,                  ,     (,      ),            .         ,        ,       .     ,     ,            .

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  :      ,            ,   ,           .  ,    ,    .       ,         ,    ,  [170 -           .        ,    ,   ,     .         ,        (Rosenzweig S. Levels of behavior in psychodiagnisis with special reference to the picture  frustration study // American Journal Orthopsychiatry. 1950. Vol. 20. P. 6372). ,     ,          (, ).        .      ,                - .  ,    ,  ,  ,      ,      .    ,     (      )    ,             .].



         .     ,  ,        .         .            .   ,             ,    .

   ,      ,    .            [171 - Kardiner A., Ovesey L. The mark of oppression. N. Y.: Norton, 1951.],            . ,    ,         ,     .       : ,    ,          ,            .

   ,    ,      .     ,     .   ,   ,      ,   .      .

     . . [172 - Whitehorn J. C. Psychodynamic considerations in the treatment of psychotic patients // University of Western Ontario Medical Journal. 1950. Vol. 20. P. 2741.],  ,        .         ,        .  ,      ,   ,      ,        ,   .       ,   ,         .   ,   ,                        [173 - Ibidem. P. 40.].

  ,        .   ,                 .    , ,   ,         .   ,   ,    ,     .  ,            .

  ,   ,     ,     .      ,   -.       ,    ,        ,       .  ,     ,    .      ,      ,    ,   :    .               ,        .       ,       ,     , ,     ,  , ?   .     , ,   ,    .                       ,     .

      ,        .      . ,   ,      ,   ,      .

 ,  ,       .         ,       .         ,   .  ,           .        , , , , ,    .       ,             .          ,     ,     .   ,   ,    [174 - Kris E. Ego psychology and interpretation in psychoanalytic therapy // Psychoanalitic Quarterly. 1951. Vol. 20. P. 1530.].     ,         [175 - Rapaport D. The autonomy of the ego // Bulletin of Menninger Clinic. 1951. Vol. 15. P. 113123.].

    ,       ,  .      .       ,   .      .     ,   ,   .         :        ,    .       .            ,  ,  ,   ,           .        .   ,       ,                 ,  ,         ,        .     -,        ,    [176 - Allport G. W. The individual and his religion. N. Y.: Macmillan, 1950.].

  .  ,                .     .          .  , ,      .

 .        ,    , , ,    .     , ,      ,   ?          ?             ,     -. ,      .       : ,     -   .        ,          ,      .   -   .     ,            ?       .         -,       . ,  ,        ,   ,      .     , ,  ,         .   ,    ,   ,  ,      ,  ,    -   .     .

:             ,      .



       ,            ,     ,     .      .     ,            .      ,     ,            .    ,              .        ,   ,        .

     ,      ,         ,      ,    . ,       , ,  ,  ,     ,   .    ,         ,    .      ,           [177 - Belmont L., Birch H. G. Re-individualizing the repression hypothesis // Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology. 1951. Vol. 46. P. 226235; McGranahan D. V. A critical and experimental Study of repression // Ibidem. 1940. Vol. 35. P. 212225.].         .       ,       .

   ,       .       ,     ,       ( , , )     .   ,           [178 - Allport G. W., Vernon P. E. Studies in expressive movement. N. Y.: Macmillan, 1933.].     .

      .     .  ,      ,   ,   ,   , ,   .  ,      .       .          .        ,     .       ,      .         ,      (   )    .



   ,        .

1.         ,          .

2.    ,             .

3.    ,            ,           .  ,   ,           ,        [179 - Allport G. W. The nature of personality: selected papers. Cambridge: Addison-Wesley, 1950.].

4.              ,      ,           .

     ,       .         ,       .  ,   ,      ,      .

, ,   ,       .      , ,   .           .  ,  ,     ,   .    ,   .      .     ,          .  , ,    .         ,    [180 - Goldstein K. Human nature in the light of psychopathology. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1940.].

 ,   ,           .             ,        ,   .  ,    ,      .     ,    .                ,                 .     :          .   ,             .

  ,       . ,          ,      -    -.    :           [181 - Grinker R. R., Spiegel J. P. War neuroses. Philadelphia: Blakiston, 1945.].          :   , ,  .  ,  ,     ,     -  . ,     .   -     ,   .  ,     ,      , ,          ,   ,            ,      .

     .   ,       ,      ,     .   ,          .    ;  ,           ,  ,  . ,       ,     ,       .      , , ,   ,    .  ,   ,    ,   ,         .




  :   [182 -    1964.   : Allport G. The Person in psychology. Boston: Beacon, 1968. P. 103120.]


      ,      ,  .  : ,  , ,  .     ,          (IQ, EQ, AQ  PQ   ).         ,    ,      ,   ,           .      .   ,   ,         .    ,        .        ,    ,         .      .   ,     ,    [183 -          .]!  ,  , ,  ,  ,   ,       !   ,  :  ,    !   ,   .        69!   ,   ?.

     .      ,    ,   .


 

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       .         ߻.      ,        ,           ,           .       ,     .      .            -.       ,   ,  ,  .       ,     .

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               .

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 ,    ,      .    ,        ,         .    ,       ,   ,  ,            .   ,       ,  ,       ,   ,     ,         .        (APA) 1959     ,     .  ,  ,    , ,  .   ,        ,  ,  ,   .   ,      ,        ,     ,       ,          .

     .    , , [185 - Meehl P. E. Clinical versus Statistical Prediction. University of Minnesota Press, 1954.], ,   [186 - Sarbin T. R., Taft R., Bailey D. E. Clinical Inference and Cognitive Theory. N. Y.: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1960.],   [187 - Holt R. R. Individuality and Generalization in the Psychology of Personality // Journal of Personality. 1962. Vol. 30. . 377404.].   ,       .    ,         ,  ,         (  )   .         ,           .

  ,       .    .          ,   ,   ?         ( )   ( ) .     .        ,      ( ) ,        ,         () .         ,             .

         ,     .   ,    ,      ,    ?  -,        .

     .       ,       - ,   ,             .         .     ,     ,  .  ,  ,     ,      ,     ?[188 - Allport G. W. Pattern and Growth in Personality. N. Y.: Holt, Rinehart & Winston. 1961. Ch. 14, 15.]       ,         ?

 . ,        .          ,     (Kuder, Strong, Allport  Vernon  Lindzey). ,    ,  :    ,  ,        .

           ,     .         .     ,      ,   .    ,          ,      ,  .

   [189 - Cantril H., Free L. A. Hopes and Fears for Self and Country // American Behavioral Scientist. 1962. Vol. 6, Supplement.]      ,    .     (         , ,   )     (   )    .       ,       .   ,           ,     .      ?       ?            .        ,      .      .  ,             ,           .    ,             .

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   ,  ,     ,    145 ,         ,     .   ,        . ,     ,          . -,        ,     ; , -,        ,      .

     , ,        .       .          .   [190 - Shapiro M. B.The Single Case in Fundamental Clinical Psyhological Research // British Journal of Medical Psychology. 1961. Vol. 34. P. 255262.]       .   5-        ,          ,          .       ,         ,      .

  [191 - Allport G. W. The Unique and the General in Psychological Science // Journal of Personality. 1962. Vol. 30. P. 405422.]        , , -,       ,   .       ,  ,        ,  ,     .        , , Q-   ,     .          .  :       .   ,        .


  

          . , ,        ,            .

         .      ,  , ,     .             ,   .           .           .  ,        ,                 .      .  (  ,   ), , ,  ,     .   ,        ,      ,    ,    . ,     ,        .

    .      ,         .  ,    -   -         .     ,  -        - ?[192 -      . : Allport G. W. Becoming: Basic Considerations for a Psychology of Personality. New Haven: Jale University Press, 1955. <. . C. 166216.>].

   ,      ,    ,  .  ,        ,    ,  ,   ,   .  ,      ,    .    .  ,           .  ,   ,   .            ,      .            .         ?      ,         .

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         [193 - Allport G. W. The Productie Paradoxes of William James // Psychological Review. 1943. Vol. 50. P.?95120. <. .:  .   . .: +; .: , 1998. . 238260.>].            ,   ,   .      ;            .

,           .  ,      ,       .     ,   ,    -  .

 ,      .     ,      ,    ,        .  ,            , -,      ,   .    ,    .        ,      (, )     (,   ).       .

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, ,          .     , ,      .   [194 - Allport G. W. The Open System in Personality Theory. <. . . 6274 >]   .

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    [195 -    1950.   : Allport G. Personality and Social Encounter: Selected essays. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1960. P. 199216.]


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       ,    [198 -     : Allport G. W. Personality and Social Encounter. Chicago, 1960. P. 181198; Lewin K. Resolving social conflicts. N. Y., 1948 <. .:  .   . .: , 2000.>; Roethlisberger F. J., Dickson W. J. Management and the worker. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1939.].  ,            ,  ,          .  ,        :   , ,     ,              .      .

   :   ,        ,      .    ,     ,             .            .      ,    ,           ,   .      ,      .      ,             [199 - Allport G. W., Kramer B. M. Some roots of prejudice // Journal of Social Psychology. 1946. Vol. 22. P. 929.].          .

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notes








1


. : Evans R.I. Gordon Allport: The man and his ideas. N.Y.: E.P.Dutton & Co., Inc., 1970. .19.




2


Allport G.W. Personality: A psychological interpretation. N.Y.: Holt, 1937.




3


Allport G.W. Pattern and growth in personality. N.Y.: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1961.




4


Allport G.W. The nature of prejudice. Cambridge (Mass.): Addison-Wesley, 1954.




5


. : Evans R. I. Gordon Allport: The man and his ideas. N. Y.: E. P. Dutton & Co., Inc., 1970. P. 14.




6


Ibidem. P. 9.




7


Allport G.W. Personality: A psychological interpretation. N.Y.: Holt, 1937. P. 48.




8


Allport G.W. Pattern and growth in personality. N.Y.: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1961.




9


Allport G.W. Personality: A psychological interpretation. N.Y.: Holt, 1937. P. 52.




10


Ibidem. P. 21.




11


Ibidem. P. 194.




12


.: Allport G. W. Becoming: basic considerations for the psychology of personality. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1955. . . . 166216.




13


. : Evans R. I. Gordon Allport: The man and his ideas. N. Y.: E. P. Dutton & Co., Inc., 1970. . 24.




14


.: Allport G. W. Pattern and growth in personality. N. Y.: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1961. . . . 217461.




15


Ibidem.




16


Allport G.W., Odbert H.S. Trait-names: a psycho-lexical study // Psychological Monographs. 1936. Vol. 47. 211. . 1171.




17


Allport G. W. Personality: A psychological interpretation. N. Y.: Holt, 1937. . 295.




18


Ibidem. . 296.




19


.: Allport G. W. Becoming: basic considerations for the psychology of personality. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1955. . . . 166216.




20


Allport G. W. Personality: A psychological interpretation. N. Y.: Holt, 1937. . 216.




21


.: Evans R. I. Gordon Allport: The man and his ideas. N. Y.: E. P. Dutton & Co., Inc., 1970. . 122123.




22


   1967.   : Allport G. The Person in psychology. Boston: Beacon, 1968. P. 376409.




23


      (.).     (*)   .




24


 (, )          .




25


 (.).




26


 (.).




27


, , ,  ,   (.).




28


 (.).




29


  (.).




30


 (.).




31


.: Powers E., Witmer H. An experiment in the prevention of delinquency. N. Y.: Columbia, 1951.




32


  (.).




33


  V    . ,  1957.

  : Allport G. Personality and Social Encounter: Selected essays. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1960. P. 155168.




34


Shoben E. J., Jr. Toward a concept of the normal personality // American Psychologist. 1957. Vol.?12. P.?183189.




35


Halmos P. Towards a measure of man: the frontiers of normal adjustment. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1957.




36


Wolff W. The threshold of the abnormal. N. Y.: Hermitage House, 1950. . 131 f.




37


. : Hall C., Lindzey G. Theories of personality. N. Y.: John Wiley, 1957. P. 492496. <. .:  . .,  .  . .: +, 1997.>




38


Barron F. Personal soundness in university graduate students (Publications of Personnel Assessment Research,  l). Berkeley: California University Press, 1954.




39


Maslow A. H. Motivation and personality. N. Y.: Harper, 1954. Ch. 12. <. .:  . .   . .: , 1999. >




40


Allport G. W. Personality: a psychological interpretation. N. Y.: Holt, 1937. Ch. 8.




41


  V    . ,  1957.

  : Allport G. Personality and Social Encounter: Selected essays. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1960. P. 111129.




42


.: Sherrington C. Man on his nature. 2nd ed. N. Y.: Double-day Anchor, 1953. Ch. 1.




43


頖      , .




44


      (.).




45


.: Allport G. W. Personality: a psychological interpretation. N. Y.: Holt, 1937. Ch. 3.




46


Bernard L. L. Instinct: a study in social psychology. N. Y.: Holt, 1924. . 220.




47


bb D. . The organization of behavior. N. Y.: Wiley, 1949.




48


American Psychologist. 1957. 12. P. 51.




49


MacCorquodale ., Meehl P. E. On a distinction between hypothetical constructs and intervening variables // Psychological Review. 1948. Vol. 55. . 95107.




50


.: Tagiuri R., Petrullo L. (eds.). Person-perception and interpersonal behavior. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press, 1958.




51


James W. Psychology: briefer course. N. Y.: Holt, 1910. . 179.




52


Coutu W. Emergent human nature. N. Y.: Knopf, 1949.




53


.:  .    . . . . 93104.




54


Tannenbaum A. S., Allport F. H. Personality structure and group structure: an interpretative study of their relationship through an event-structure hypothesis // Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology. 1956. Vol. 53. P. 272280.




55


Murray H. A. et al. Explorations in personality. N. Y.: Oxford University Press, 1938.




56


McClelland D. . Personality. N. Y.: Dryden, 1951. .: Personality: an integrative view // Psychology of personality / d. by J. L. McCary. N. Y.: Logos, 1956.




57


Witkin H. A., Lewis H. B., Hertzman M., Machover K., Meissner P., Wapner S. Personality through perception. N. Y.: Harper, 1954.




58


Guilford J. P., Zimmerman W. S. Fourteen dimensions of temperament // Psychological Monographs. 1956. 417.




59


Woodworth R. S., Marquis D. G. Psychology. N. Y.: Holt, 1947.




60


Cattell R. B. Description and measurement of personality. Yonkers (N. Y.): World Book, 1946.




61


Vernon P. E. Personality tests and assessments. London: Methuen, 1953.




62


Heath . W. What people are. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1945.




63


Baldwin A. L. The study of individual personality by means of the intraindividual correlation // Journal of Personality. 1946. Vol. 14. P. 168.




64


Perry R. B. The thought and character of William James. Boston: Little, Brown, 1936. Vol. II. Ch. 9091.




65


Kelly G. A. The psychology of personal constructs. N. Y.: Norton, 1955. Vol. I. P. 34.




66


Baldwin . L. Personal structure analysis: a statistical method for investigating the single personality // Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology. 1942. Vol. 37. P. 163183.




67


Allport F. H. Teleonomic description in the study of personality // Character and Personality. 1937. Vol. 6. P. 202214.




68


  (. )     ,   ,     .




69


 ,           ,   XIV        1959.     Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology. (1960).   : Allport G. Personality and Social Encounter: Selected essays. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1960. P. 3954.




70


Bridgman P. W. The way things are. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1959. P. 188.




71


Von Bertalanffy L. Theoretical models in biology and psychology // Ed. by D. Krech, G. S. Klein. Theoretical models and personality theory. Durham (N. C.): Duke University Press, 1952.




72


Brunswik E. The conceptual framework of psychology // International Encyclopedia of Unified Science. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1955. Vol. I. . 10.




73


Pumpian-Mindlin E. Propositions concerning energetic-economic aspects of libido theory // Annales of New York Academy of Sciences. 1959. Vol. 76. P. 10381052.




74


            .  ,       ,            ,         ,           (Von Bertalanffy K.Problems of life. N. Y.: Wiley, 1952. P. 125).             (Ibidem. P. 145; Von Bertalanffy L. Theoretical models in biology and psychology // Theoretical models and personality theory?/?Ed. by D. Krech, G. S. Klein. Durham (N. C.): Duke University Press, 1952. P. 34).




75


Stagner R. Homeostasis as a unifying concept in personality theory // Psychological Review. 1951. Vol.?58. P. 517.




76


Cannon W. . The wisdom of the body. N. Y.: Norton, 1932.




77


     .   , .  (Mowrer H. S. A cognitive theory of dynamics // Contemporary Psychology. 1959. Vol. 4. P. 129133)    .  ,                ,       (Woodworth R. Dynamics of behavior. N. Y.: Holt, 1958).       ,       .  ,     ,           . , ,           ,     .




78


Toch H. H., Hastorf A. H. Homeostasis in psychology // Psychiatry. 1955. Vol. 18. P. 8191.




79


Cannon W. . Op. cit. P. 323.




80


C  (.).




81


     ,            .   ,   ,    (Merton R. K. Social theory and social structure, rev. ed. Glencoe (Ill.): The Free Press, 1957. Ch. 1),     ,    ,               .  ,      ,          .




82


Allport G. W. Becoming: basic considerations for a psychology of personality. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1955. P. 6874. <. . . 166216.>




83


Smith H. The religions of man. N. Y.: Harper, 1958; N. Y.: Mentor, 1959.




84


Frankl V. E. From death camp to existentialism. Boston: Beacon, 1959.




85


Frankl V. E. Das homeostatische Prinzip und die dynamische Psychologie // Zeitschrift f?r Psychotherapie und Medizinische Psychologie. 1959. 9. Bd. S. 4147.




86


Gooddy W. Two directions of memory // Journal of Individual Psychology. 1959. Vol. 15. P. 8388.




87


.- :     -          (Pumpian-Mindlin E. Op. cit. P. 1051).




88


Roby. . An opinion on the construction of behavior theory // American Psychologist. 1959. Vol.?14. P. 127134.




89


Hebb D. O. The mammal and his environment // American Journal of Psychiatry. 1955. Vol.?III. P.?826831. Reprinted in: Readings in social psychology / Ed. by E. E. Maccoby, T. M. Newcomb, E. L. Hartley. N. Y.: Holt, 1958. P. 335341.




90


Murphy G. Human potentialities. N. Y.: Basic Books, 1958. P. 297.




91


Parsons T. The social system. Glencoe (Ill.): The Free Press, 1951.




92


Allport F. H. Theories of perception and the concept of structure. N. Y.: Wiley, 1955.




93


Miller J. G. Toward a general theory for the behavioral sciences // American Psychologist. 1955. Vol. 10. P. 513531.




94


Buck R. . On the logic of general behavior systems theory // Minnesota studies in the philosophy of science / Ed. by H. Feigl and M. Scriven. 1956. Vol. I.




95


Bridgman P. W. The way things are. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1959.




96


Elkin F. Specialists interpret the case of Harry Holzer // Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology. 1947. Vol. 42. P. 99111.




97


Feigl H. Philosophical embarrassments of psychology // American Psychologist. 1959. Vol. 14. P. 117.




98


Allport G. W. Effect: a secondary principle of learning // Psychological Review. 1946. Vol. 53. P.?335347.




99


.: Hebb D. O. The organization of behavior. N. Y.: Wiley, 1949; Olds J., Milner P. Positive reinforcement produced by electrical stimulation of septal area and other regions of rat brain // Journal of Comparative Psychological Psychology. 1954. Vol. 47. P. 419427; Chang H. T. The repetitive discharge of cortico-thalamic reverberating circuit // Journal of Neurophysiology. 1950. Vol. 13. P. 235257.




100


.: Taylor J. G. Experimental design: a cloak for intellectual sterility // British Journal of Psychology. 1958. Vol. 49. P. 106116.




101


   1943.   : Allport G. Personality and Social Encounter: Selected essays. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1960. P. 7193.




102


Murphy G. Psychology and the post-war world // Psychological Review. 1942. Vol. 49. P. 298318.




103


Beth M. Zur Psychologie des Ich // Archiv f?r die Gesamte Psychologie. 1933. Vol. 88. P. 323376; Oesterreich T. K. Phenomenologie des Ich in ihren Grundproblemen. Leipzig: J. A. Barth, 1910.




104


, Moore J. S. The problem of the self // Philosophical Review. 1933. Vol. 42. P. 487499.




105


             ,        ,           (Koffka K. Principles of Gestalt psychology. N. Y.: Harcourt, Brace, 1935).  ,      ,  , :  ,         .   ,        ,  ,    Self   -.




106


Amen E. W. An experimental study of the self in psychology // Psychological Monographs. 1926. Vol.?35. 165; Horowitz E. L. Spatial localization of the self // Journal of Social Psychology. 1935.Vol. 6. P. 379387; Lundholm H. Reflections upon the nature of the psychological self // Psychological Review. 1940. Vol. 47. P. 110126.




107


Horowitz E. L. Op. cit. P. 386.




108


Delgado H. Psicologia y psicopatologia de la conscientia del yo // An. Inst. Psicol., University of Buenos Aires. 1938. Vol. 2. P. 135176; Federn P. Narzissmus im Ichfuge // Internationales Zeitschrift f?r Psychoanalyse. 1927. Bd. 13. S. 420438.




109


Lundholm H. Op. cit.




110


Stirner M. The ego and his own / Trans. by S. T. Byington. London: A. C. Fifield, 1912. <. .:  .    i. ., 1910.>




111


Le Dantec F. Legoisme, seule base de toute societe. Paris: Flammarion, 1916.




112


Freud S.

The ego and the id / Trans. by J. Riviere. London: Hogarth Press, 1927. <. .: ?.    //  .  . .: , 1989. . 425439.>




113


French R. M. Some psychoanalytic applications of the psychological field concept // Psychoanalytic Quarterly. 1942. Vol. 11. P. 1732; Hendrick I. Instinct and the ego during infancy // Ibidem. P. 3358.




114


Hartmann H. Ich-psychologie und Anpassungsproblem // Internationales Zeitschrift f?r Psychoanalyse. 1940. Bd. 21. S. 214.




115


McDougall W. The energies of men. N. Y.: Scribner, 1933. . 383.




116


James W. Principles of psychology. N. Y.: Holt, 1890. I. . 141. <. .:  .   i. .: .-. , 1902.>




117


Koffka K. Op. cit. P. 670.




118


   ,  ,                      ,             ,        .     ,   ,   ,         -   ,     (Goldstein K. Human nature in the light of psychopathology. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1940. . 144f.).




119


Lewin K. Principles of topological psychology. N. Y.: McGraw-Hill, 1936. . 181.




120


   ,          . ,   ,  ,  ,  ,        .      ,                    (Lewin K. Some social-psychological differences between the United States and Germany // Character and Personality. 1936. Vol.?4. P. 265293 <. .:  .   . .: , 2000. . 106147>).




121


Sherif M. The psychology of social norms. N. Y.: Harper, 1936. . 179.




122


Ibidem. . 186.




123


Cantril H. The psychology of social movements. N. Y.: Wiley, 1941. . 44.




124


Hartshorne H., May M. Studies in deceit. N. Y.: Macmillan, 1928.




125


Trow W. C. The psychology of confidence // Archives of Psychology. 1923. 67.




126


Symonds P. M. The nature of conduct. N. Y.: Macmillan, 1928.




127


MacKinnon D. W. Violation of prohibitions // Explorations in personality / Ed. by H. A. Murray. N.?Y.: Oxford University Press, 1938. . 491501.




128


Johnson D. M. Confidence and speed in two-category judgment // Archives of Psychology. 1939. ?241.




129


Allport G. W. Personality: a psychological interpretation. N. Y.: Holt, 1937.




130


Murphy G., Jensen G. Approaches to personality. N. Y.: Coward-McCann, 1932. . 385.




131


Klein G. S., Schoenfeld N. The influence of ego-involvement on confidence // Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology. 1941. Vol. 36. . 249258.




132


Cantril H. Gauging public opinion. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1943. Ch. 3.




133


Marks E. Skin color judgments of Negro college students // Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology. 1943. Vol. 38. P. 370376.




134


Cantril H. Gauging public opinion. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1943.




135


Ibidem. Ch. 5.




136


Ibidem.




137


Frenkel-Brunswik E. Mechanisms of self-deception // Journal of Social Psychology. 1939. Vol. 10. P. 409420.




138


Bartlett F. C. Remembering: a study in experimental and social psychology. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1932.




139


Edwards A. L. Rationalization in recognition as a result of a political frame of reference // Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology. 1941. Vol. 36. . 234.




140


Zillig M. Einstellung und Aussage // Zeitschrift f?r Psychologie. 1928. B. 106. S. 58106.




141


Watson W. S., Hartmann G. W. Rigidity of a basic attitudinal frame // Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology. 1939. Vol. 34. P. 314336.




142


Wallen R. Ego-involvement as a determinant of selective forgetting // Ibidem. 1942. Vol. 37. . 2039.




143


Levine J. M., Murphy G. The learning and forgetting of controversial material // Ibidem. 1943. Vol.?38. P. 507517.




144


Edwards A. L. Political frames of reference as a factor influencing recognition // Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology. 1941. Vol. 36. P. 3450.




145


Sells S. B. The atmosphere effect: an experimental study of reasoning // Archives of Psychology. 1936. 200.




146


National Society for the Study of Education, The psychology of learning, Forty-first Yearbook. Part?2. Bloomington: Publ. School Pub. Co., 1942. . 118.




147


Ibidem. . 349.




148


Terman L. M. The measurement of intelligence. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1916. P. 125.




149


     :          ,           .             ,      (French R. M. Goal, mechanisms and integrative field // Psychocom. Med. 1941. Vol. 3. P. 245).




150


Hoppe F. Erfolg und Misserfolg // Psychologische Forschung. 1930. B. 14. S. 162.




151


Rosenzweig S. Preferences in the repetition of successful and unsuccessful activities as a function of age and personality // Journal of Genetic Psychology. 1933. Vol. 42. P. 423441.




152


Israeli N. The social psychology of time // Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology. 1932. Vol.?27. . 209213.




153


Huntley C. W. Judgments of self based upon records of expressive behavior // Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology. 1940. Vol. 35. P. 398427; Wolff W. Selbstbeurteilung and Fremdbeurteilung im wissentlichen und unwissentlichen Versuch // Psychologische Forschung. 1932. Bd. 16. S. 251329.




154


Hoppe F. Op. cit.




155


Frank J. D. Some psychological determinations of the level of aspiration // American Journal of Psychology. 1935. Vol. 47. P. 285293.




156


Preston M. G., Bayton J. A. Differential effect of a social variable upon three levels of aspiration // Journal of Experimental Psychology. 1941. Vol. 29. P. 351369.




157


Frank J. D. Op. cit.




158


Roethlisberger F. J., Dickson W. J. Management and the worker. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1939.




159


Watson G. Work satisfaction // Industrial conflict: a psychological interpretation / Ed. by G.?W.?Hartmann. N. Y.: Cordon Press, 1939. Ch. 6.




160


Ibidem. . 119.




161


Murray H. A. Explorations in personality. N. Y.: Oxford University Press, 1938.




162


Rogers C. R. Counseling and psychotherapy. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1942. <. .: ?.?.   . .: -, 2000.>




163


Israeli N. Op. cit.




164


   (.);      (        - ,       ).




165


   1953.   : Allport G. Personality and Social Encounter: Selected essays. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1960. P. 95109.




166


Stagner R. Homeostasis as a unifying concept in personality theory // Psychological Review. 1951. Vol. 58. P. 12.




167


Brozek J., Guetzkow H., Baldwin M. V., Cranston R. A quantitative study of perception and association in experimental semi-starvation // Journal of Personality. 1951. Vol. 19. P. 245264.




168


Levine R., Chein I., Murphy G. The relation of the intensity of need to the amount of perceptual distortion: a preliminary report // Journal of Psychology. 1942. Vol. 13. P. 283293; Sanford R. N. The effect of abstinence from food upon imaginal processes // Ibidem. 1936. Vol. 2. P.?129136.




169


Getzels J. W. The assessment of personality and prejudice by the methods of paired direct and projective questionnaires. Unpublished thesis. Harvard College Library, Cambridge, 1951.




170


          .        ,    ,   ,     .         ,        (Rosenzweig S. Levels of behavior in psychodiagnisis with special reference to the picture  frustration study // American Journal Orthopsychiatry. 1950. Vol. 20. P. 6372). ,     ,          (, ).        .      ,                - .  ,    ,  ,  ,      ,      .

    ,     (      )    ,             .




171


Kardiner A., Ovesey L. The mark of oppression. N. Y.: Norton, 1951.




172


Whitehorn J. C. Psychodynamic considerations in the treatment of psychotic patients // University of Western Ontario Medical Journal. 1950. Vol. 20. P. 2741.




173


Ibidem. P. 40.




174


Kris E. Ego psychology and interpretation in psychoanalytic therapy // Psychoanalitic Quarterly. 1951. Vol. 20. P. 1530.




175


Rapaport D. The autonomy of the ego // Bulletin of Menninger Clinic. 1951. Vol. 15. P. 113123.




176


Allport G. W. The individual and his religion. N. Y.: Macmillan, 1950.




177


Belmont L., Birch H. G. Re-individualizing the repression hypothesis // Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology. 1951. Vol. 46. P. 226235; McGranahan D. V. A critical and experimental Study of repression // Ibidem. 1940. Vol. 35. P. 212225.




178


Allport G. W., Vernon P. E. Studies in expressive movement. N. Y.: Macmillan, 1933.




179


Allport G. W. The nature of personality: selected papers. Cambridge: Addison-Wesley, 1950.




180


Goldstein K. Human nature in the light of psychopathology. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1940.




181


Grinker R. R., Spiegel J. P. War neuroses. Philadelphia: Blakiston, 1945.




182


   1964.   : Allport G. The Person in psychology. Boston: Beacon, 1968. P. 103120.




183


         .




184


  (.).




185


Meehl P. E. Clinical versus Statistical Prediction. University of Minnesota Press, 1954.




186


Sarbin T. R., Taft R., Bailey D. E. Clinical Inference and Cognitive Theory. N. Y.: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1960.




187


Holt R. R. Individuality and Generalization in the Psychology of Personality // Journal of Personality. 1962. Vol. 30. . 377404.




188


Allport G. W. Pattern and Growth in Personality. N. Y.: Holt, Rinehart & Winston. 1961. Ch. 14, 15.




189


Cantril H., Free L. A. Hopes and Fears for Self and Country // American Behavioral Scientist. 1962. Vol. 6, Supplement.




190


Shapiro M. B.The Single Case in Fundamental Clinical Psyhological Research // British Journal of Medical Psychology. 1961. Vol. 34. P. 255262.




191


Allport G. W. The Unique and the General in Psychological Science // Journal of Personality. 1962. Vol. 30. P. 405422.




192


     . : Allport G. W. Becoming: Basic Considerations for a Psychology of Personality. New Haven: Jale University Press, 1955. <. . C. 166216.>




193


Allport G. W. The Productie Paradoxes of William James // Psychological Review. 1943. Vol. 50. P.?95120. <. .:  .   . .: +; .: , 1998. . 238260.>




194


Allport G. W. The Open System in Personality Theory. <. . . 6274 >




195


   1950.   : Allport G. Personality and Social Encounter: Selected essays. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1960. P. 199216.




196


Suttie I. The origins of love and hate. London, 1935. P. 23.




197


Stouffer S. A. et al. The American soldier: I, combat and its aftermath. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1949. Ch.II. P. 627.




198


    : Allport G. W. Personality and Social Encounter. Chicago, 1960. P. 181198; Lewin K. Resolving social conflicts. N. Y., 1948 <. .:  .   . .: , 2000.>; Roethlisberger F. J., Dickson W. J. Management and the worker. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1939.




199


Allport G. W., Kramer B. M. Some roots of prejudice // Journal of Social Psychology. 1946. Vol. 22. P. 929.


