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1.    





 1.1.    





1.1.1.    


 ,       ,          .  ,        ,    ,   ,   .      ,           ,   .       . ,    ,   :                        ,        .      ,     ,       [2 -  . . :    :    . ., 2016. . 8.].

        ,    :               .     ,  ,      ,    .   -  .  . ,            ,      :  텻[3 -  . .   : . . ., 2013. . 22. URL: https://docviewer.yandex.ru/view/0/?*=yvlnt3Zb tDrg6tkw15ECRaJOplx7InVybCI6Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cubmV3c21hbi50c3U ucnUvd3AtY29udGVudC91cGxvYWRzLzIwMTUvMTEvS29sZXNuaWNo ZW5rb18tX05hc3RvbG5heWFfa25pZ2Ffemh1cm5hbGlzdGEucGRmIiwid-Gl0bGUiOiJLb2xlc25pY2hlbmtvXy1fTmFzdG9sbmF5YV9rbmlnYV96aH-VybmFsaXN0YS5wZGYiLCJ1aWQiOiIwIiwieXUiOiI5NTg4MjIwNjAx-NDkzODgwMTMyIiwibm9pZnJhbWUiOnRydWUsInRzIjoxNDk0NjAyM-DQ4OTU0fQ%3D%3D&page=22&lang=ru.].      ,       . ,    ,    ,             .  ,          : -,      ,   ,     .., -,           .    , ,   ;      ,          [4 - Steensen S., Ahva L. Theories of journalism in a digital age // Journalism Practice. 2015. Vol. 9. 1. P. 2. DOI: 10.1080/17512786.2014.928454.].            , ,     ,               [5 -  . .,  . .      :   //     . 2016. T. 5. 1. . 8, 11. DOI: 10.17150/2308-6203.2016.5(1).6-13.].

            :

   ,                , , , , , ,   ..    ,          ,     ,        ,      ,           [6 - Heinderyckx F. The academic identity crisis of the European communication researcher // Media technologies and democracy in an Enlarged Europe: the Intellectual Work of the 2007 European Media and Communication Doctoral Summer School / ed. by N. Carpentier, P. Pruulmann-Vengerfeldt, K. Norden-streng, t al. Tartu, 2007. P. 357359.].            ,        .   ,        ?

,             ,              .       ,      ,   .      ,   , .  ,        ,    .  ,           ,    ,          .

    :        ?      ,   .                  [7 - Russial J., Laufer P., Wasko J. Journalism in crisis? // Javnost  The Public. 2015. 22 (4). P. 299301. DOI: 10.1080/13183222.2015.1091618.],   .           . : ,    500   !         ,    .   ,      ,  , , ,      ,      .   .        ,     [8 -      .        // Meduza. 2015. 2. URL: https://meduza.io/feature/2015/11/02/lyudi-ot-televizora-nachinayut-fiziologicheski-menyatsya.].

  ,         :   -    (  )  .

           .   ,     ,   , ,  ,       .     .  ,     .   ,    ,     .     :               , ,     . , ,     ,       ,      ,            -         ,    ,                 ,       ,     -,    ,            -           [9 -  .,  .,    .  :   / . .  //     . 20122016 /  . . .   . . , 2016. . 269, 271.].

          ,        ,       .              .   ,  ,      -   ,           ,  ,   ,  -   ..               ,       .

     ,                 ;    ,    [10 -  . .        . , 2000. . 159.].    ,           ?           ,  , ,   ,   ,        .

                   . ,     ,           .        ,  , ,    .  ,      (, , ,   )          .  ,     :        ,        [11 - Carpentier N. Journalism, media, and democracy // Reclaiming the media. Communication rights and democratic media roles / ed. by B. Cammaerts, N. Carpentier. Bristol (UK); Chicago (USA), 2007. P. 151; Nordenstreng K. The journalist: awalking paradox // The democratization of communication / ed. by Ph. Lee. Cardiff, 1995. P. 117.].

    ,        ;        .  ,     ,     2016.       , ,            .   400        ,         .      .  (81%) ,     ,     ,     .       ,      (81%).           ,         (79%),          (67%)[12 -       .      - . ., 2017. . 3233.].            ,    ,           .         .

 ,      ,     .         ( ,  ,    .),        .

           . .  ,      ,     ,  .     , ,   ,    .       ,   ,   ,       ,               ,       (,  )           [13 - Nerone J. Whats new about truth // Russian Journal of Communication. 2017. Vol. 9, 2. P. 205. DOI: 10.1080/19409419.2017.1323179.].

 ,       ,   status quo        .       :  ,     ,         ,  Google  Facebook          .            ,       ,   ,     ,  ,  -   [14 - Ibid. P. 206.].         :     ,       .          (  ,    ,  )   .           ()   .          ?

     ,       , ,   ,    ,   ,   ,   -   .    (     )       , ,    ,      .  ,   ,    .   ,       ()    ,       ,      ,     .

                      .           .  ,  ,   ,            .         ,        .         (     ) ,            ,        .            , ,      ,       :      ,  , ,    <>          [15 -  . Version 2.0. ,    /  . . . , 2016. . 7273.].

  ,                           .        :    .  . ,         ,    ,     .             ,          [16 -  . .         //     . 2017. T. 6. 1. . 38.].     () Ȼ  mass communication  media     - .               ,     .

       ,     .   ,         , ,   ,    . ,             .       . .     :       ,    .      ,   ,      .   ,   ,    .   ,    .       ,    [17 -  . .        // . . . -. . 1.  ,   . 2016. . 19. . 7.].   .        ? ,            .             ,        ,     :   ,  .        :      :     ,  ,       ,       ( ,   ..)   ,        [18 - Interview with Mark Deuze, professor of Media Studies // University of Amsterdam. 2016. 2August. URL: http://www.uva.nl/en/news-events/ news/uva-in-the-spotlight/prof.-mark-deuze/prof.mark-deuze.html.].

  ,        ,          ,     .       ,           .  ,  ,       :         XX    .            []        ,       ,         [19 - Witschge T., Nygren G. Journalism: A profession under pressure? // Journal of Media Business Studies. 2009. 6(1). P. 5455. DOI: 10.1080/16522354.2009.11073478.].

   ,        -,  - ,       [20 -  . .    :    vs     //  . 2017. 1.   .  XXI :      / . . . . , . . ; . . . . . ., 2017. . 295.].           .              ,     .          Russia Beyond The Headlines,         ,     :

  ,      510 ,    ,     .     ,      ,   ,    ,    <>       ,   ,  ,  ,      ,           .        -    ,    [21 -  :   // . 2015. 19 . URL: http://jourdom.ru/news/77696.].  ,         ,       ,        .

,          ,      .          .           ,       .

  .  ,              [22 - Nerone J. Op. cit. P. 205.].        ,       .      , ,        1920-, 1930-  1940- ,      .       ,     ,  []   [23 - Global journalism education in the 21st century: Challenges and innovations / ed. by R. S. Goodman, E. Steyn. Austin, 2017. P. 229.].          ,    (,    )   .   .       .    ,     :       ,     ,   ,    ,    ,          ,   [24 - Ibid. P. 332].         ,    :  -             ,       . ,      .   ,    ,     ,   ,      [25 - Weinberger D. Transparency: The new objectivity // KMWorld. 2009. 18 (8). URL: http://www.kmworld.com/Articles/Column/David-Weinber-ger/Transparency-the-new-objectivity-55785.aspx.].         :   ,          . ,      .   ,  , ,  ,  ,    ..      ,     酻[26 -  . . 87.]. ,         . ,               :            [27 - Simons G. Good battles and bad battles: A comparative analysis of Western media coverage of the battles of Mosul and Aleppo // Tractus Aevorum. 2016. 3 (2). Fall/Winter. P. 116.].

            ,    ?      ,     .



 1.

     [28 -   :       . . 4344.]






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1.1.2.      


   ,    ,    ,           .     ,   -      . ,                .            ,       .       ,           .      ,    2000-           (Worlds of Journalism),     .        The handbook of journalism studies,        .       ,      ,          .      :                 .   ,            ,     ,     [29 - Preface // The handbook of journalism studies / ed. by K. Wahl-Jorgensen, Th. Hanitzsch. New York; London, 2009. P. xi.].    ,        .          ,               [30 - Global journalism education in the 21st century. P. 254.].

,                ,    .                  . ,                .  The handbook of journalism studies         .     -    .                     .           ,   -    -  [31 - Wahl-Jorgensen K., Hanitzsch Th. Introduction: On Why and How We Should Do Journalism Studies // The handbook of journalism studies. P. 7.].                    :        ,                [32 -  . . ., 2016. . 85.].

    , ,    .    ,  ,       .              ,              ,     . ,                ,         ,         .                .              ,    ,   [33 - Wahl-Jorgensen K., Hanitzsch Th. Op. cit. P. 7.].

      (  )       ,       - .  ,      ,                (      ),             [34 -  . .  . , , : . .: 2. . 1:     . ., 2017. . 22.].          ,              .  ,           . ,  ,      ,        (cando approach)    [35 - ODonnell P. Journalism and philosophy: Remembering Clem Lloyd // Australian media traditions 2007, distance and diversity: Reaching new audiences / ed. by M. Van Heekeren. Bathurst (Australia), 2007. P. 3.].     ,      ,    ,   ,    ,        ,                 <>                    .      [36 - Ibid. P. 1012.].

         ,        .      ,                  -.       ,           .      ,   ,          :    .             ,    .         ,    ,      ,      .         ,     ,                腻[37 -  .    . ., 2010. . 4344.].

          .                               .  ,            (de-Westernization)  ,    ,  , .       .    : , , :     ,    (1996)[38 - Downing J. Internationalizing media theory: Transition, power, culture: reflections on media in Russia, Poland and Hungary 1980-95. London, 1996.].         :  -.   ,         :          ,    ,        ,    ,        [39 - Ibid. P. x.].

         (2000)[40 - De-Westernizing media studies / ed. by J. Curran, M. J. Park. New York, 2000.].             ,      , ,   .     :   ,    ,              .      ,            <>      ,       ,         ,              ,    [41 - Waisbord S. De-Westernization and cosmopolitan media studies. P. 2. URL: http://www.academia.edu/2971672/De-Westernization_and_cosmopolitan_media_studies 2013.].

   ,   ,     .         (),   2007. :               ,         ,     ,          .         唅                           [42 - Ekecrantz J. Media and communication studies going global // Nordicom Review. 2007. Jubilee Issue. P. 169170.].       ,    1990-          ,  -[43 - Ekecrantz J., Olsson T., Ericson S., ?ker P. Media societies around the Baltic Sea. Cultures and communications in transition // Nordicom Information. 1999. 3. P. 8185.].

 ,             .          ,        .    ,         ,        .    ,       ,     ,          - ,        .

                 , ,      .          -  ,         .          .  -      ,     ,     ,     [44 - Shirokanova A. Inter-civilizational dynamics of scientific knowledge creation between zones of intellectual stagnation and creativity //     . 2012. . XV. 6(45). . 270.]. ,       -  ,        .  ,          [45 -  . . 269.],     -     ,  ,  .

  -        ,    ,      , ,   ..       ,     . ,    (  )   - ,             .

  ,  ,  ,  .             .             ,       .       ,  ,    -  .     ,            ,     [46 - - .  :        //    . URL: http://net-conf.org/articles_text_28.htm.].       ,                  .   CEECOM-2017 (Central and Eastern Europe Communication) (,  2017)   Critique of/at/on periphery?      ()          ,   .       .          ,     ,        ,    .   CEECOM-2017     [47 - Berezhnaia M., Korkonosenko S. Theoretical and pedagogical journalism schools in Russia: the compromise of priorities // CEECOM 2017  Critique of/at/on periphery?: Book of abstracts. Ljubljana, 2017. P. 89.],       ,      ,           .

  ,           ,        .  -     ,    -   [48 -    :    /  . . . . ., 2014.].    XVIIIXIX ,    ,   .          ,     ,     ..,           .      ,    -       - .

          ,         .  ,     ,    1920- .      () . .        .   ,    : 1)  (       ); 2) - ( ,    - ); 3) ; 4)  (),             .        [49 -  . .  -    :  //  . 2017. 3. . 65.].

          .       ,        - .

   ,  ,         .          ,         [50 -  . .       (18931914.). ., 1971;  . .     . ., 1971;      / . . . . ., 1984;  . .  -   . ., 1981  .].       ,      (     )     ,       ,    -        .  ,    (  )             ,    [51 -  . .      //  . .  :      . ., 1989.],        .             , , ,  ,           .

           ,          .         ,           .     ,        腻[52 -  . .    -       // . . . . -. . . . 2011. 3. . 114.].        ,         .      ,     ,    -  .  ,  -      . 19701980-                   ,      ,            .       ,      [53 -  . .   . ., 1975;  . .  i i. i, 1969;  . .  . ., 1984;  . .  . , 1975;  . .   . ., 1971;  . .   . ., 1989  .]




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/kollektiv-avtorov/teoriya-zhurnalistiki-v-rossii/)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


   :    /  . . . . ., 2014.




2


 . . :    :    . ., 2016. . 8.




3


 . .   : . . ., 2013. . 22. URL: https://docviewer.yandex.ru/view/0/?*=yvlnt3Zb tDrg6tkw15ECRaJOplx7InVybCI6Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cubmV3c21hbi50c3U ucnUvd3AtY29udGVudC91cGxvYWRzLzIwMTUvMTEvS29sZXNuaWNo ZW5rb18tX05hc3RvbG5heWFfa25pZ2Ffemh1cm5hbGlzdGEucGRmIiwid-Gl0bGUiOiJLb2xlc25pY2hlbmtvXy1fTmFzdG9sbmF5YV9rbmlnYV96aH-VybmFsaXN0YS5wZGYiLCJ1aWQiOiIwIiwieXUiOiI5NTg4MjIwNjAx-NDkzODgwMTMyIiwibm9pZnJhbWUiOnRydWUsInRzIjoxNDk0NjAyM-DQ4OTU0fQ%3D%3D&page=22&lang=ru.




4


Steensen S., Ahva L. Theories of journalism in a digital age // Journalism Practice. 2015. Vol. 9. 1. P. 2. DOI: 10.1080/17512786.2014.928454.




5


 . .,  . .      :   //     . 2016. T. 5. 1. . 8, 11. DOI: 10.17150/2308-6203.2016.5(1).6-13.




6


Heinderyckx F. The academic identity crisis of the European communication researcher // Media technologies and democracy in an Enlarged Europe: the Intellectual Work of the 2007 European Media and Communication Doctoral Summer School / ed. by N. Carpentier, P. Pruulmann-Vengerfeldt, K. Norden-streng, t al. Tartu, 2007. P. 357359.




7


Russial J., Laufer P., Wasko J. Journalism in crisis? // Javnost  The Public. 2015. 22 (4). P. 299301. DOI: 10.1080/13183222.2015.1091618.




8


     .        // Meduza. 2015. 2. URL: https://meduza.io/feature/2015/11/02/lyudi-ot-televizora-nachinayut-fiziologicheski-menyatsya.




9


 .,  .,    .  :   / . .  //     . 20122016 /  . . .   . . , 2016. . 269, 271.




10


 . .        . , 2000. . 159.




11


Carpentier N. Journalism, media, and democracy // Reclaiming the media. Communication rights and democratic media roles / ed. by B. Cammaerts, N. Carpentier. Bristol (UK); Chicago (USA), 2007. P. 151; Nordenstreng K. The journalist: awalking paradox // The democratization of communication / ed. by Ph. Lee. Cardiff, 1995. P. 117.




12


      .      - . ., 2017. . 3233.




13


Nerone J. Whats new about truth // Russian Journal of Communication. 2017. Vol. 9, 2. P. 205. DOI: 10.1080/19409419.2017.1323179.




14


Ibid. P. 206.




15


 . Version 2.0. ,    /  . . . , 2016. . 7273.




16


 . .         //     . 2017. T. 6. 1. . 38.




17


 . .        // . . . -. . 1.  ,   . 2016. . 19. . 7.




18


Interview with Mark Deuze, professor of Media Studies // University of Amsterdam. 2016. 2August. URL: http://www.uva.nl/en/news-events/ news/uva-in-the-spotlight/prof.-mark-deuze/prof.mark-deuze.html.




19


Witschge T., Nygren G. Journalism: A profession under pressure? // Journal of Media Business Studies. 2009. 6(1). P. 5455. DOI: 10.1080/16522354.2009.11073478.




20


 . .    :    vs     //  . 2017. 1.   .  XXI :      / . . . . , . . ; . . . . . ., 2017. . 295.




21


 :   // . 2015. 19 . URL: http://jourdom.ru/news/77696.




22


Nerone J. Op. cit. P. 205.




23


Global journalism education in the 21st century: Challenges and innovations / ed. by R. S. Goodman, E. Steyn. Austin, 2017. P. 229.




24


Ibid. P. 332




25


Weinberger D. Transparency: The new objectivity // KMWorld. 2009. 18 (8). URL: http://www.kmworld.com/Articles/Column/David-Weinber-ger/Transparency-the-new-objectivity-55785.aspx.




26


 . . 87.




27


Simons G. Good battles and bad battles: A comparative analysis of Western media coverage of the battles of Mosul and Aleppo // Tractus Aevorum. 2016. 3 (2). Fall/Winter. P. 116.




28


  :       . . 4344.




29


Preface // The handbook of journalism studies / ed. by K. Wahl-Jorgensen, Th. Hanitzsch. New York; London, 2009. P. xi.




30


Global journalism education in the 21st century. P. 254.




31


Wahl-Jorgensen K., Hanitzsch Th. Introduction: On Why and How We Should Do Journalism Studies // The handbook of journalism studies. P. 7.




32


 . . ., 2016. . 85.




33


Wahl-Jorgensen K., Hanitzsch Th. Op. cit. P. 7.




34


 . .  . , , : . .: 2. . 1:     . ., 2017. . 22.




35


ODonnell P. Journalism and philosophy: Remembering Clem Lloyd // Australian media traditions 2007, distance and diversity: Reaching new audiences / ed. by M. Van Heekeren. Bathurst (Australia), 2007. P. 3.




36


Ibid. P. 1012.




37


 .    . ., 2010. . 4344.




38


Downing J. Internationalizing media theory: Transition, power, culture: reflections on media in Russia, Poland and Hungary 1980-95. London, 1996.




39


Ibid. P. x.




40


De-Westernizing media studies / ed. by J. Curran, M. J. Park. New York, 2000.




41


Waisbord S. De-Westernization and cosmopolitan media studies. P. 2. URL: http://www.academia.edu/2971672/De-Westernization_and_cosmopolitan_media_studies 2013.




42


Ekecrantz J. Media and communication studies going global // Nordicom Review. 2007. Jubilee Issue. P. 169170.




43


Ekecrantz J., Olsson T., Ericson S., ?ker P. Media societies around the Baltic Sea. Cultures and communications in transition // Nordicom Information. 1999. 3. P. 8185.




44


Shirokanova A. Inter-civilizational dynamics of scientific knowledge creation between zones of intellectual stagnation and creativity //     . 2012. . XV. 6(45). . 270.




45


 . . 269.




46


- .  :        //    . URL: http://net-conf.org/articles_text_28.htm.




47


Berezhnaia M., Korkonosenko S. Theoretical and pedagogical journalism schools in Russia: the compromise of priorities // CEECOM 2017  Critique of/at/on periphery?: Book of abstracts. Ljubljana, 2017. P. 89.




48


   :    /  . . . . ., 2014.




49


 . .  -    :  //  . 2017. 3. . 65.




50


 . .       (18931914.). ., 1971;  . .     . ., 1971;      / . . . . ., 1984;  . .  -   . ., 1981  .




51


 . .      //  . .  :      . ., 1989.




52


 . .    -       // . . . . -. . . . 2011. 3. . 114.




53


 . .   . ., 1975;  . .  i i. i, 1969;  . .  . ., 1984;  . .  . , 1975;  . .   . ., 1971;  . .   . ., 1989  .


