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   XIII.          .   ,   ,     .

 XIV      .  XV.    ,   1475.    .                 ,       .   ,  500  ,        - ,         ,   . -  -        .              ,  ,   [41 - Bahrain through the Ages, ed. by A. K. Al-Khalifa and A. Abahussain, Bahrain, 1995, vol. 2, p. 92.].

  ,        ,     -.    XVI.,  ,      -,    .      .   -    -,     -.    ,         ,       .  ,   , ,       .

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 1506.        ,   ,    .         ,     ,     [42 - M. A. Ibn Ayas. Bada Al-Zuhur f waqi Al-Duhu, ed. by Mohammed Mustafa Zeadh, Cairo, vol. 5, p. 431.].     -            .  , ,   .    ,                 ,       -.       ,              (1521.).

            .   (1521)  - (1545),               .               ,    -  (        ).

            1521  1602.,         .       45       .            [43 - T. Pires. Te Suma Oriental, London, 1944, vol. I, p. 19.].

     堖      .       ,   ,     , ,          ,         ,          .

,    ,       .     -        1616.[44 - Zahra Freeth. Kuwait was My Home, London, 1956, p. 19; Slot B. J. Te Origins of Kuwait, Kuwait, 1998, p. 12.].

     ,        ,  ,      ,        (. 168).       .      (Hieros Kolpos).   1563.            ,     ,        .   :   (Ilha de Aguada),   ,              (Dos Portos),      (44).

 ,        ,   1507.   ,          ࠖ   -;         () .      ,  -  1500-.     .  1510.       .            ,          I (15111520).       .       ,                      [45 - Sykes P. M., History of Persia, London, 1951, p. 160; Savor P. M., Studies on the History of Safawid Iran, London, 1987, p. 81, 82.].

-,   (1534),       -,     ,    ,  [46 - Slot B. J. Te Origins of Kuwait, op. cit., p. 10.]. ,    ,       .

 -       1723.,   1764.             .

            16  1901 .

     :  (   19. 03. 1901.    . . )  .       . .   31  1901.   . . :         ,   - ,  ,    ,       [47 - . . 144 ( ). . 488. . 4064. . 152157.].

    ,       ,  17  1901.   18  1914 .   ,         : 1907.    ; 1912.  ; 1914.  .

     ,       ,   (1645.).     (Roobacker),        ,   1645.     -  .        ,  ,      .   --   .    ,   ,  .   -          .  --  ,   ,      (,  )[48 - Slot B. J. Te Origins of Kuwait, op. cit., p. 36.].

        1646.              .

 1654.          (16001667),   ,       XII. - (10991164),    .   XVII               .  ,    , :   (   -   ,      ),   ()    (),    .           ,        .       ,  ,       .

                 .         (堖 ).      ,    .  -,    ,  ,   ,      . ,   1765.    ,         [49 - Ahmad Mustafa Abu Hakima, Te Modern History of Kuwait (17501965), Montreal, 1979, p. 1; Slot B. J. Te Origins of Kuwait, op. cit., p. 146; Dickson H. R. P., Kuwait and Her Neighbours, London, 1956, p. 55, 56, 59.].

    ,   - ,      . .         ,     .   1950- ,  ,          .        ,   ,          .           , ,     .  ,   ,  ,      ,    ,  ,      (49).

    ,        .   ,          ,  . ,         -,    ,  ,   ,    [50 - Dickson Viole, Forty Years in Kuwait, London, 1971, p. 322323.].

  ,   ,      . ,      -, ,  ,  ,  -     .

  ,   ,    ,     -.  ,       ,          .    ,                    .     , ,     -,   .

        ,    . ,    .   .    ,         ,        .

      ,   1766.        [51 - Dr. Yacoub Yousuf Al-Ghunain, Kuwait. Faces Avidity, Kuwait, 2000, p. 15.].

     ,       - .   ,            , -   ,   ,     .      ,      .              .        ()                    .      XVIII ,         -.




 II.   I ( 17561762) :  


  -               .             -,    ,      .  ,    ,    ,     ,   -    .

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     -,           -,  I       .      -     .    - .    -    .     .

    1680.    ,       ,      .              ,     -  .    -   ,      [52 - Dr. Yacoub Yousuf Al-Ghunain, Kuwait, op. cit., p. 19, 20; Slot B. J. Te Origins of Kuwait, op. cit., p. 11; Seif al-Shamlan, Kuwait History, Cairo, 1959, p. 101; Ahmad Mustafa Abu Hakima, History of the Eastern Arabia 17501800. Te Rise and Development of Bahrain and Kuwait, Beirut, 1965, p. 47.].

     .       -    젖    .

   -  I     ,        :        .

 ,   ,     (  )      (    ,            ,  蠖 ).       -,  ,      .

 ,  ,      ,    :   ,   [53 - Ahmad Mustafa Abu Hakima. Te Modern History of Kuwait, op. cit., p. 1.].

 ,    ,   -    200 ,      (  )    ,     .      ,         .        (  ),  ,   ,    .     ,      ,    1581.[54 - Ahmad Mustafa Abu Hakima, History of the Eastern Arabia 17501800, op. cit., p. 38.].

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                -ࠖ   -  -.      ()      ,       -,   ,      [55 - Ibn Bishr,Uthman b. Abd Allah, Kitab Unwan al-Majd f Tarikh Najd, Makka, 1930, vol. I, p. 183184.].

              .        ,              -   .     ,  ,    ,      .   -   ,    1766.  - ().      (1782.),    ,      ,     () .

         -        -   -,     .        .

    - ,       ,    .   ,      : -  -,    -.       ,       ,         ,    .     ,   ,   .         ,        XVIII . -                .

         - ,  ,    ,     .   ,    ,                ,     ,     .            (     --)    .

 1729.     ( 17221736),    ,        ,   -             .             .   .         -   [56 - Ibid, vol. II f, p. 173.].

    ,      , -  ,   ,     .      ,  ,     ( 16911722),    ,       ,    .

       -   .       (  )  .   ,   1745.,       -         ,      ,  ,     .       -     .  -,  ,       ,    ,     60   [57 - Ahmad Mustafa Abu Hakima, History of the Eastern Arabia 1750-1800, op. cit., p. 39.]. ,  ,              .

         -,  , -   .      -,     ,          ,      ,    ,          .      ,   ,    .       ,        - ( 17361752),   I,     , ,   ,     .     ,      -,       -    ,      ,     -.   렖    -  -,   -,   ,   . ,   ,            ,   1795.   -[58 - Rush, Alan, Al-Sabah: History and Genealogy of Kuwaits Ruling Family 17521987, London, 1987, p. 195; Ahmad Mustafa Abu Hakima, History of the Eastern Arabia 17501800, op. cit., 39;  . . .   . . . . 66.].

       - ,  ,   ,  () -.  .   20     -,   ,   ,   ,   ,   ,    (),   .   -.     .     ,    .

 ,      -,    ,         .   -   ,     .   -        ,      .     ,     ,   ,    ,      -,  ,    .   1722.,   ,      .       -  ,           .

  ,      ,    , ,    ()   ,          -.   XVIII.   ,  -  ,   ,      ,    .            30  [59 -  . .   . ., 1982. . 31.].

  70-  XVIII         .       -,    ,    --.            .          ( 16911722),     .     ,          - .

 ,    ,     ,     ,       .   ,        ,   1752.   -   ( 17361752).    -,       .    ,   ,    .                 ,          .

   ,      1752.,      .

 1758.     -,  ,       .  1774.    ,     .

       II ( 17741786).       ,  ,      .  1780-      ,     -,   . , ,    ,   -     1784.    ,     ,          .  1795.   ,             ,        [60 - Ahmad Mustafa Abu Hakima, History of the Eastern Arabia 17501800, op. cit., p. 131136.].

         ,   .    -     ,       ,  1. [61 - Dr. Robin Bidwell, Te Afairs of Kuwait 18961901, Two Vols., London 1971, Vol. I, p. XXIV.].         ,   [62 - Michael C. Casey. Te History of Kuwait, London, 2007, p. 21; Alvin Cottrell. Te Persian Gulf States, Baltimore, 1980, p. 4546.].        60. ,   .       ,      .

       -  ( ,     )         ,    ,    ,      [63 - Francis Warden. Historical Sketch of the Uttoobee Tribe of Arabs (Bahrain) from the year 1716 to the year 1817 in Bombay Selections, XXIV, Bombay, 1856, p. 362372.].             ࠖ ,    .  ᠖  ,    ,   ,     ,   ,   (  -)[64 - Ahmad Mustafa Abu Hakima, History of the Eastern Arabia 17501800, op. cit., p. 49.].

. ,     ,         -  ,  , ,  ,       ,    ,      (  )    [65 - Dickson H. R. P., Kuwait and Her Neighbours, op. cit., p. 26, 27.].

-      ,    ()         ,    -,    -[66 - Ahmad Mustafa Abu Hakima, Te Modern History of Kuwait 17501965, op. cit., p. 4.].

     -      ,     ,     -,    ࠖ  ࠖ   -[67 - Cf. A. Musil, Te Manners and Customs of the Ruwala Beduins, New York, 1926, p. 46.].      ,       ,         ,  ,     [68 - Ahmad Mustafa Abu Hakima, Te Modern History of Kuwait, op. cit., p. 4; Ahmad Mustafa Abu Hakima, History of the Eastern Arabia 17501800, op. cit., p. 50; Dickson H. R. P. Kuwait and Her Neighbours, op. cit., p. 26.].

   - -       :        ,                  [69 - Dickson H. R. P., Kuwait and Her Neighbours, op. cit., p. 26; Shaul Yanai. Te Political Transformation of Gulf Tribal States, Sussex, England, 2014, p. 16.].

  ,             .      , -     ,    - .   XVII.  XVIII.,  ,    ,   ,      ,      .    , ,   , ,             . ,           :    .        , ,   [70 - Michael C. Casey. Te History of Kuwait, op. cit., p. 23; Dr. Yacoub Yousuf Al-Ghunain, Kuwait. Faces Avidity, op. cit., p. 20.].

   - , ,  -, -   ,    ,      -,      .    ,     . ,   . ,  -   ,      (            -)     -  .      -, -, -, - (      )  -[71 - Michael C. Casey, Te History of Kuwait, op. cit., p. 23; Ahmad Mustafa Abu Hakima, History of Eastern Arabia 17501800, op. cit., p. 51;  :   .    . , , 1998. . 44.].   ,      젖    .   . ,  ,       .       ,      ,   .     ,     ,     .    -  . -   ,  ,   ,     ,    .     ,     ,     - ,    -       ,   ,    ,    (,  ,   ,    )[72 - Al-Rasid Abd al-Aziz, Tarikh al-Kuwait, Two Vols., Baghdad, 1926, Vol. I, p. 15, 16; Ahmad Mustafa Abu Hakima, History of Eastern Arabia 17501800, op. cit., p. 51; Dickson H. R. P., Kuwait and Her Neighbours, op. cit., p. 26.].

      ,      ,    ( 1701.)   - (    17011705.)  .               ,    ,          [73 - Al-Ghanim, Salwa. Te Reign of Mubarak Al Sabah: Shaikh of Kuwait, 18961915, New York, 1998, p. 83.]. ,      2. .  150 .

         , ,     -        ,    ,  ,       [74 - Slot B. J. Te Origins of Kuwait (enter for Research and Studies on Kuwait), Kuwait, 1998, p. 110.].

 ,   1700  1701.,  -       ,   , -  ,  堖       . ,   ()      --,      .  , ,          .

, ,     .   ,   ,   ,       - . ,  ,          ,       . . ,   -,  :     1704.;       1706.; ,  ,      [75 -  . . 111.].

         ,  200   ,      ,     ,   - ( )[76 - H. V. F. Winstone and Zahra Freeth, Kuwait: Prospect and Reality, op. cit., p. 61].

   -  1710-  1713- (   - ,  1716-).

 ,                -  .      ,    ,        ,          頖   .     (1708).  , ,  ,    I  , ,  ,       (        )[77 -  . . :   . . .].

      , -            ().         -.

       -.            ,     -,     , ,  - [78 - Dr. Yacoub Yousuf Al-Ghunain, Kuwait. Faces Avidity, op. cit., p. 38, 41.].

  ,   1863.       . , , ,    ,     , ,  -   -,      .      ,     (),    (1710.)   [79 - Dr. Robin Bidwell, Te Afairs of Kuwait 18961901, Two Vols, London, 1971, Vol. II, Part VI, p. 7.]. ,  ,      ()  廠     [80 - Dickson H. R. P., Kuwait and Her Neighbours, op. cit., p. 25; Michael C. Casey. Te History of Kuwait, op. cit., p. 24.].

 1716.    -    ( ,     )           -.        ,     .        :  ,    .      ,    ,   ,       .               ;   ࠖ      ;   ࠖ        [81 - Francis Warden, Historical Sketch of the Uttobee Tribe of Arabs (Bahrain) 17161817 in Bombay Selections, op. cit., p. 173.].

     , -    ,  ,          ,    -,        -    .

   -   ,    ,    ,    ,   廠  (),  .        .       .      ,    .

 ,          ,           .

  , ,    ()   ,     ,  -         (1756.).     ,      ( ,  )   ,           .    , ,   -,   ,           ,       ,   ,    .

   , ,     ,    ,        ,      , ,   -,               .    ,  ,        ,   ,    ,         ,  -,     ,      ,   ,   [82 - H. V. F. Winstone and Zahra Freeth, Kuwait: Prospect and Reality, op. cit., p. 62; Michael C. Casey. Te History of Kuwait, London, 2007, p. 28.].

 ,   ,       .      ,      ,     ,   ,       (),        .     堖     .       .

 ,  ,     ,    ,   , ,    ,   -    ,         ,    ,      [83 - Dickson H. R. P. Kuwait and Her Neighbours, op. cit., p. 27; Michael C. Casey. Te History of Kuwait, op. cit., p. 28.].       ࠖ    .

              -     ,         .

        ,      [84 - Dickson H. R. P., Kuwait and her Heighbours, op. cit., p.26.],     .               (     ),     - , ,  ,  -, -, -  .     .   ,       -,  ,      ,        .

  -          ,    .       ,         ,        ,  - (, )        - .

        -   ,  ,     .   , ,   ,   ,      ,         .       ,  ,      ,          .

   -   ᠖  ,  ,  , - (-), - (   -), -, -, -, -, -, -  堖   ,      , ,    .     -;  ,    ,    ,    ;  蠖  ,      (  ).

        -  1760-,  ,    ,      -,       .    - ,     , ,   1770-     ,     .         ,    ,   [85 - Ahmad Mustafa Abu Hakima, History of Eastern Arabia 17501800, op. cit., p. 57.].

                         -    .

   ,           ,  .  , ,   .          ,    , -     .              ,    .

  ,       1766.  ,                .    ,         (17821783).

  ,    XVIII.      ᠖  ,    堖         ,  , ,           .

          ,         ,           .   ,                  -        .   ,  ,   -        .

 -,        . . ,        (1709)       .  15 ,  ,    -,     -.           -.    ,  4    ,     ,    .       -   .    ,   .       ,   ,         ,   [86 - Slot B. J. Te Origins of Kuwait, op. cit., p. 113.].

    XVIII. -         .       -,  ,       -.

    (1722)      ,    ,     .       ( 17221736).   ,  -            - ,      -.    ,         ,   ,           - .   ,      ,           .

            - ,     -,     .   ,       ,   堖        ,  ,          -       - .

   - (     1736  1752.)           .     ,        -      ,         [87 - Ahmad Mustafa Abu Hakima, Te Modern History of Kuwait 17501800, op. cit., p. 5.].

   ,   () ,       .  1756.    ,    -      -,  () -         .

 , ,       ,           [88 - Rush Alan de Lacy, Al-Sabah: History and Genealogy of Kuwaits Ruling Family, 1752-1987, London. 1987, p. 195; Al-Rashid, Tarikh al-Kuwait, Cairo, 1959, p. 116, 117.].

          ,           .      ,  ,          ,      .       ,    .    . -         ,      -.

   ,      ,  ,     ,         . -,   ,       ,       (1756)      ,    




  .


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notes








1


Peter Vine and Paula Casey, Kuwait: A Nations Story, London, 1992, p. 19.




2


Dickson Violet, Forty Years in Kuwait, London, 1971, p. 252, 253.




3


See: Dionisius A. Agius, Classic Ships of Islam, From Mesopotamia to the Indian Ocean, Leiden, 2008.




4


 .        . , 1878. . II,  1. . . 43.




5


.:  . .     . ., 1904.




6


.  (. . . ). ., 1964. . 766.




7


 .   :    . ., 2016. . 113;  . .   . , 2004.




8


H. V. F. Winstone and Zahra Freeth. Kuwait: Prospect and Reality, London, 1972, p. 40.




9


 . . 31, 32.




10


 . . . . 96, 110.




11


 . .  .  . , 2008. . 91.




12


 . .   .       . ., 2012. . 29.




13


     ( . . .   . . ). ., 1963. . 244.




14


 . .    . . . . 2. www.rusif.ru/vramya-istorii/sv-zip/shumery-001.htm.




15


 . . .  II,  1. . 7587.




16


 .




17


.  (. . . ). . . . 738 ( XVI).




18


 . .    :     . http://goldenpath.versus.net/vlem2/htm.




19


Hoyland, Robert G., Arabia and the Arabs, London & New York, 2001, p. 62.




20


Peter Vine and Paula Casey, op. cit., p. 9.




21


 . . 11.




22


 . .,  . . . ., 1968. . 11.




23


Clements, Frank A. Kuwait, Oxford, 1985, p. ix.




24


Peter Vine and Paula Casey, op. cit., p. 10; H. V. F. Winstone and Zahra Freeth, op. cit., p. 39.




25


Dickson, Violet, op. cit., p.319320.




26


. . . . . 766.




27


Hawley, D. F. Te Trucial States, London, 1970, p. 5758.




28


Hoyland, Robert G., op. cit., p. 25.




29


H. V. F. Winstone and Zahra Freeth. Kuwait: Prospect and Reality, op. cit., p. 40.




30


-. www.vostlit.info.      .      һ.  2003. .




31


 . .     ( XIX  XX ). ., 2009. . 12.




32


 . . . ., 1982. . 6.




33


 . .     -.  . ., 2012. . 228239.




34


 . . 230, 239.




35


 . . .    (      2000.). ., 2008. . 34.




36


. .  .  .   (6001258). ., 1986. . 106.




37


 .  .       . .-, 1912. . 295.




38


 .   (.  . . . ). ., 1895. . II. . 287.




39


Mohammad A. J. Althani. Jassim the Leader: Founder of Qatar, London, 2012.  .  . . . . 296.




40


, .     . ., 2008. . 391;  . . . . . 42, 43.




41


Bahrain through the Ages, ed. by A. K. Al-Khalifa and A. Abahussain, Bahrain, 1995, vol. 2, p. 92.




42


M. A. Ibn Ayas. Bada Al-Zuhur f waqi Al-Duhu, ed. by Mohammed Mustafa Zeadh, Cairo, vol. 5, p. 431.




43


T. Pires. Te Suma Oriental, London, 1944, vol. I, p. 19.




44


Zahra Freeth. Kuwait was My Home, London, 1956, p. 19; Slot B. J. Te Origins of Kuwait, Kuwait, 1998, p. 12.




45


Sykes P. M., History of Persia, London, 1951, p. 160; Savor P. M., Studies on the History of Safawid Iran, London, 1987, p. 81, 82.




46


Slot B. J. Te Origins of Kuwait, op. cit., p. 10.




47


. . 144 ( ). . 488. . 4064. . 152157.




48


Slot B. J. Te Origins of Kuwait, op. cit., p. 36.




49


Ahmad Mustafa Abu Hakima, Te Modern History of Kuwait (17501965), Montreal, 1979, p. 1; Slot B. J. Te Origins of Kuwait, op. cit., p. 146; Dickson H. R. P., Kuwait and Her Neighbours, London, 1956, p. 55, 56, 59.




50


Dickson Viole, Forty Years in Kuwait, London, 1971, p. 322323.




51


Dr. Yacoub Yousuf Al-Ghunain, Kuwait. Faces Avidity, Kuwait, 2000, p. 15.




52


Dr. Yacoub Yousuf Al-Ghunain, Kuwait, op. cit., p. 19, 20; Slot B. J. Te Origins of Kuwait, op. cit., p. 11; Seif al-Shamlan, Kuwait History, Cairo, 1959, p. 101; Ahmad Mustafa Abu Hakima, History of the Eastern Arabia 17501800. Te Rise and Development of Bahrain and Kuwait, Beirut, 1965, p. 47.




53


Ahmad Mustafa Abu Hakima. Te Modern History of Kuwait, op. cit., p. 1.




54


Ahmad Mustafa Abu Hakima, History of the Eastern Arabia 17501800, op. cit., p. 38.




55


Ibn Bishr,Uthman b. Abd Allah, Kitab Unwan al-Majd f Tarikh Najd, Makka, 1930, vol. I, p. 183184.




56


Ibid, vol. II f, p. 173.




57


Ahmad Mustafa Abu Hakima, History of the Eastern Arabia 1750-1800, op. cit., p. 39.




58


Rush, Alan, Al-Sabah: History and Genealogy of Kuwaits Ruling Family 17521987, London, 1987, p. 195; Ahmad Mustafa Abu Hakima, History of the Eastern Arabia 17501800, op. cit., 39;  . . .   . . . . 66.




59


 . .   . ., 1982. . 31.




60


Ahmad Mustafa Abu Hakima, History of the Eastern Arabia 17501800, op. cit., p. 131136.




61


Dr. Robin Bidwell, Te Afairs of Kuwait 18961901, Two Vols., London 1971, Vol. I, p. XXIV.




62


Michael C. Casey. Te History of Kuwait, London, 2007, p. 21; Alvin Cottrell. Te Persian Gulf States, Baltimore, 1980, p. 4546.




63


Francis Warden. Historical Sketch of the Uttoobee Tribe of Arabs (Bahrain) from the year 1716 to the year 1817 in Bombay Selections, XXIV, Bombay, 1856, p. 362372.




64


Ahmad Mustafa Abu Hakima, History of the Eastern Arabia 17501800, op. cit., p. 49.




65


Dickson H. R. P., Kuwait and Her Neighbours, op. cit., p. 26, 27.




66


Ahmad Mustafa Abu Hakima, Te Modern History of Kuwait 17501965, op. cit., p. 4.




67


Cf. A. Musil, Te Manners and Customs of the Ruwala Beduins, New York, 1926, p. 46.




68


Ahmad Mustafa Abu Hakima, Te Modern History of Kuwait, op. cit., p. 4; Ahmad Mustafa Abu Hakima, History of the Eastern Arabia 17501800, op. cit., p. 50; Dickson H. R. P. Kuwait and Her Neighbours, op. cit., p. 26.




69


Dickson H. R. P., Kuwait and Her Neighbours, op. cit., p. 26; Shaul Yanai. Te Political Transformation of Gulf Tribal States, Sussex, England, 2014, p. 16.




70


Michael C. Casey. Te History of Kuwait, op. cit., p. 23; Dr. Yacoub Yousuf Al-Ghunain, Kuwait. Faces Avidity, op. cit., p. 20.




71


Michael C. Casey, Te History of Kuwait, op. cit., p. 23; Ahmad Mustafa Abu Hakima, History of Eastern Arabia 17501800, op. cit., p. 51;  :   .    . , , 1998. . 44.




72


Al-Rasid Abd al-Aziz, Tarikh al-Kuwait, Two Vols., Baghdad, 1926, Vol. I, p. 15, 16; Ahmad Mustafa Abu Hakima, History of Eastern Arabia 17501800, op. cit., p. 51; Dickson H. R. P., Kuwait and Her Neighbours, op. cit., p. 26.




73


Al-Ghanim, Salwa. Te Reign of Mubarak Al Sabah: Shaikh of Kuwait, 18961915, New York, 1998, p. 83.




74


Slot B. J. Te Origins of Kuwait (enter for Research and Studies on Kuwait), Kuwait, 1998, p. 110.




75


 . . 111.




76


H. V. F. Winstone and Zahra Freeth, Kuwait: Prospect and Reality, op. cit., p. 61




77


 . . :   . . .




78


Dr. Yacoub Yousuf Al-Ghunain, Kuwait. Faces Avidity, op. cit., p. 38, 41.




79


Dr. Robin Bidwell, Te Afairs of Kuwait 18961901, Two Vols, London, 1971, Vol. II, Part VI, p. 7.




80


Dickson H. R. P., Kuwait and Her Neighbours, op. cit., p. 25; Michael C. Casey. Te History of Kuwait, op. cit., p. 24.




81


Francis Warden, Historical Sketch of the Uttobee Tribe of Arabs (Bahrain) 17161817 in Bombay Selections, op. cit., p. 173.




82


H. V. F. Winstone and Zahra Freeth, Kuwait: Prospect and Reality, op. cit., p. 62; Michael C. Casey. Te History of Kuwait, London, 2007, p. 28.




83


Dickson H. R. P. Kuwait and Her Neighbours, op. cit., p. 27; Michael C. Casey. Te History of Kuwait, op. cit., p. 28.




84


Dickson H. R. P., Kuwait and her Heighbours, op. cit., p.26.




85


Ahmad Mustafa Abu Hakima, History of Eastern Arabia 17501800, op. cit., p. 57.




86


Slot B. J. Te Origins of Kuwait, op. cit., p. 113.




87


Ahmad Mustafa Abu Hakima, Te Modern History of Kuwait 17501800, op. cit., p. 5.




88


Rush Alan de Lacy, Al-Sabah: History and Genealogy of Kuwaits Ruling Family, 1752-1987, London. 1987, p. 195; Al-Rashid, Tarikh al-Kuwait, Cairo, 1959, p. 116, 117.


