 . 2013
  


     
           .             ,          2020 .

 ,       ,   ,  , .







 , 2013





, , 




.. 

 : , , ,  ,  .

Keywords: science of science, science, education, quality assessment, science management.

:                .                   .              ,  ,    . ,             .       ,           .

Abstract: Science and higher education as systems of science knowledge and scientific staff production are widespread in our days. So principles of science and education developing are very important for constructing state policy. Quality evaluation of scientists, institutes and universities is imbedded in scientometrics and bibliometrics. But this methods are inefficient as they are more quantitative than qualitative. Today the new method of science production is deeply needed.

,   ,    .          ( , ): ,  ,  ,       -  ,         , , ,    ,   .            .

                   ,         .      - ,   .   ,      ,       ,                .     ,  ,   ,     ,     .

          ,              , .. ,       ,     ,  .           XX .            , ,    .     .

     .           ,   ,              ,    .  ,      ,        ,        .       ,  ,  ,         .

     ,   ,    ,   ..    ,   ,     ,              .             :  ,  ,          .              .       ,      . ,  ,     .   ,     .

     .   .     .           .        .     , ..   .      ,          .          ,       .

       .      .         .     .      -        .   ,     ,       .

              .  ,          .   ,  ,     .           , ,      ,  ,      ,        ,      ,      .            .

             ,   ,       ,   ,  .               .   ,  .      ,         ,           ,              ,  ,    ..

  ,        ,  .           .

-  ,       .     , , .   ,         ,   .     , , ,   ,    ,   .     ,  ,                 ,        .

 ,     ,         ,       ,              .                   ,                    ,   .          .

 ,         ,             .

       ,          .  , , - ,     ,    .       ,       ,  ,   .      ,    ,    ,     ,        .           .       ,       ,       .

        ,     ,    ,      Web of Science  Scopus.       Thomson Reuters.      Elsevier.               ,       .

    ,   ,      ,    ,               .

,        2013 .            .      ,                .       ,     ,     .  , ,    ,    .     (  ),   ,     1300 ,  14 . .       , , ,        -.

 , ,    , , ,        ,            -   ,  ,             .     ,     .   ,   ,      , ,             ,       ,          ,          .

,    .              .   ,                .

 ,              ,       ,   -   .    .   ,            , ,  ,   ,  , ,    ,        ,         .

   ,    , , , WoS,  ,    - ,       .         ,     ,  ,     -   .

 ,  ,   -    ,      .      ,     ,        .   ,  ,          ,      ,  ,    ,     ,  .

,  ,        .

 ,               ,        .       ,     ,       ,   ,    .

 ,      ,   Times, QS,  ,  ,  ,       ,      . ,  2012 .      . ..   80-      .      Times  . ..    214-     QS   116-. ,               ,         .                  .

  .   . ,             [1]. ,       ,    ,    90 . .   .         40 .        .   ,  ,      ,    .      30.       ,          ,   .     600800            .

            .   ,          ,    ,              .

   ,       ,        .  ,             ,       .      .

                   . ,  ,         ,         ,         .     ,     ,   .  ,             .

         ,          .               : ,         .   ,       ,     .     ,    ,          .

   -    :  ,    ,   , ,              ,  ,            ,      ,   ,    ,         ,        ,     ..     ,        2012 .  541  .    ,         130   450 .     ,  24   262   .

    ,    .     ,         .

                 ( )   ,                 .   ,   -,                  ,    ,        ,    .

,                 .      ,                ,      .  ,       15%    ,       .      ,    ,       . ,  55%    .  ,  30%         [2].

                  ,      ,     ,   -      ,         ,       ,    .

 ,     ,        ,       .  ,      ,    ,    ,    ,  ,       . ,   .            2013 .,       14  ,   ,  10  ,     [2].

  ,                  .  ,    , ,   2008 .       (129,3 . .)     41,1% (53,2 . .).   2012 .,        320,7 . .,     65,4 . ., .. 20,4%.

  ,                        .         ,     ,            .        ,   ,       -   ,         .      ,          ,         ,         .            80%    .

,    ,            .

,       , ,            ,         1 : 12.           ,           1/3      :                    - .        ,        ,   .      ,   ,   ,  .   ,     ,   , , .

      ,      ,  ,          .        ,        ,     ,           .                       .




1. ..,  .   ?:       . ( ) // . ., 2013.  18, 03.05.  : http://www.poisknews.ru/theme/science-politic/5988/

2.  .   :  :   . .   . ( ) // . ., 2013.  22, 31.05.  : http://www.poisknews.ru/theme/science-politic/6164/




-     




.. 

 : , ,    ,    ,    - ,  ,  , ,  ,   .

Keywords: science, innovation, public funded research institutions, research and development, the impact of scientific and technological activities, government assignment, government services, subsidies, effective contract, federal contract system.

:      - ,        ,     ,    ,      ,       .

Abstract: The analysis of the main organizational and economic innovations aimed at improving the efficiency of public sector of science was made in the article. The risks of their introduction have been identified and the ways to minimize them have been described. The recommendations are made for improving the mechanism for organizing, planning, and funding research and development.

                    ,       - ,     .    ( )     ,       ,       30  2012 . 2620-[1 -  : http://./gov/results/22263/],      - :

            ,     Web of Science  2,75%  2018 .;

       ,     Scopus,    100   10,5  2018 .;

    (     ,    ,    10 .  )  2,56  2018 .

     ,   2010 .    2,08%  ,    ,     Web of Science,      4,67%,   6,47    15,08%.       . ,    2009 .,    1       3,5  ,      3,7,    5,1,    8,1,    8,3 .      15,3 [2 -  : http://./gov/results/17449/].

          ,     2012 .,          -            .

          ,    . ,         2011   2  2012 . 151-[3 -  : http://www.garant.ru/hotlaw/federal/422502/]         ,    ,     ,  2 731 782 . .,       - ,     ,  5 . .,         0,024%     .

     ,      -          : 17 396,4 . . 2000 .  313 899,3 . . 2011 . [1 . 563].

                     -    . -,     ,   .              . -,          .    ,        ,        (27 869 . 2011 .). ,    ,        ,         29 175 . -, -      ,            -         . -,     ,    ,            ,     - .              . -,    ,     ,     -     ,      .

                - .     ,    ,    -,        :     ;  -  ;      (, , -, ).

      -            ,       2012 .  2541  ,   73,1% ,    .   ,        ,  497 129   671 901 ,  74%      .

    . 1,   ,       ,  -        (62,4%    ).         ,         ,      .

       (    ,   ,   - )     ,     .

          - ,      -  :                ;           ,  ,  ;             ;          .        ,  , , , ,   ,  .    .

 1



,       - 







        2- ()       . . .



     8  2010 . 83-                 () [4 -  : http://www.rg.ru/2010/05/12/pravovoe-izmenenie-dok.html] (    83-)         ,     .    83-    :

     ,      ;

         ,                () ;

       ,       ;

           ;

           ,      ,          .

    ()     ()        ,   ,   ,  ,         (  ,    ,    ,   ,      ,   ),         . 6   23  1996 . 127-     - [5 -  : http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW; n=138644].

 ()     ()                ,     .

   ()     ()             :         ;                ;        .

     ,    () ,   . 6     . 2   27  2010 . 210-     () [6 -  : http://www.rg.ru/2010/07/30/gosusl-dok.html],   ,   ,           .

             () .      () ,    ,   ,     ()   ,  ,      ,    ,                  .

    ()               .

    ()              ,            ,       ,    ,         ,     .

    ()           ,   ,      ,         .

                     ( 70%),        ,    .  ,        2011 .   70%    1995 .

            ,     -    .  ,                 .

                    [2].

                    .    . 15 . 30   83-,         ,     ,     () ,           ,       ( ) ,    .

       ()       ,        .

               .     , ,  ,   ,  .  ,        ,      () .

             ,      ,                 ,    .      83-            .

          - ,     ,   ,     ,     ,     .

             -   .

      -    ,         ,          1  2010 . 1095        -    ,         [7 -  : http://www.bestpravo.ru/federalnoje/bz-postanovlenija/r7g.htm], ,            () - ,   .

             ()               - ,       -  (    () - )     ,   ,     ,        .

               - .     -        :  ,    .     (  )   ,         :    7%,    20,   73%.   ,     ,   ,          30%,         70%      .      ,            .

     -                      ( - ,     ()  (  ),       )   ,              ,      .

   - ,    ()  (  ),             ,       ,   ,         ,              .

        -     -           .            ,  ,     .

          ,           ,     () - .

 ,                       ,   20  2013 .  ,     , , ,      ,                  .      ,          ,    ,   ,     .

   ( )     ,       ,       30  2012 . 2620-,   :            ;           ;          .

                    83-         .   ,       ,  ,     ,          ,  ,    (           ).

           -     .       ,            - ,           -  :           9,4  2012 .  12  2018 .

            5  2013 . 44-       , ,       .                    .            21  2005 . 94-      ,  ,       ,     ,        , ,      ,    ,    .

   :    ,       -    ;     ,                     ;     ,       ,     ,  ,  ;   ,           ;        ;    .

      83-       .     ,         5  2013 . 44-       , ,       .  ,           - . ,      , ,                     ,       - .

                 3058286    ,             [8 -  : http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/%28SpravkaNew%29?OpenAgent&RN=305828-6&02].          5  2013 .       . -,    ,         . -,    ,        ,          .

         ,           ,     - .

      :   (       );   (                  );   (   -    ,            );   (         ,    -     );   (       );   (        ,     ,  ,    );            ;                     .




             ,     -     ,                 ,                83-     .

    ,   ,          ,              .

             ,         () -     ,       ,        .

      -        .          23  1996 . 127-     -   ,       .  ,           .      7  2012 . 597               2018 .    ,           200%       [9 -  : http://www.referent.ru/1/198121].

    2013 .           (       )   100%       .                 .       (  ,   ,   )          ,    .  ,                   .




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/kollektiv-avtorov/naukovedcheskie-issledovaniya-2013/)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes



1


 : http://./gov/results/22263/




2


 : http://./gov/results/17449/




3


 : http://www.garant.ru/hotlaw/federal/422502/




4


 : http://www.rg.ru/2010/05/12/pravovoe-izmenenie-dok.html




5


 : http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW; n=138644




6


 : http://www.rg.ru/2010/07/30/gosusl-dok.html




7


 : http://www.bestpravo.ru/federalnoje/bz-postanovlenija/r7g.htm




8


 : http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/%28SpravkaNew%29?OpenAgent&RN=305828-6&02




9


 : http://www.referent.ru/1/198121


