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Keywords: science; higher education; state academies reform; science funding; emigration of scientific personnel; quality of higher education; improvements in science and higher education management.



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Abstract. Science and higher education are important resources for economic and social development. Effective science is possible only in countries with highly developed economies. In the post-Soviet period the funding of science and state universities in Russia in terms of GDP was constantly falling and the outflow of scientists abroad and to commercial organizations increased. The quality of higher education changed for worse. The state academies reform has not led to greater efficiency in scientific research. To improve the efficiency of science and the quality of higher education it is necessary to overcome the growing bureaucracy, to improve the management system and to raise the science and state universities funding.



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Keywords: technological development; computer technologies of communication and management (CTCM); cognitive factor; Homo holistic factor; unity of a cognitive and moral reflection; social responsibility for technological development; paradigm of practical knowledge.



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Abstract. The article analyses the great present-day interest in cognitive factors of social development. The author argues that the technological progress and especially the communication technologies play the key role in the development of the society. He also argues that the cognitive factor (which means here the Homo holistic factor) also plays the key role in this development. The Homo holistic factor fuses the cognitive and moral reflections into an inseparable unity. The article provides reasons for modern research interest in the Homo holistic factor and the new research trends (caused by the latter one) in studying the technological development. These trends lead to the exploration of the ideas of new paradigms: the social responsibility for technological development paradigm, the social sciences paradigm, the scientific methodology paradigm and the social management paradigm.



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