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Studia Urbanica
            .   (        )      : , , ,   ..,             .    , ,    .      ,   ,            .  .       ,      .          ,    ,  ,    . ,         .





 

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     ,      ,     ,     ,    ,   . ,  ,                ,   ,         .   ,     . ,     ,                            ,       .          .

       ,       ,             ,       .  ,     ,      ,      .        ,        ,    .

               .  (    - )               ;           ,      . ,    ,   ,       .           .

            .           1977.  1980.        ,             .  1983.            .    ,        ,      ,    .             ,   , , .        ,     ,      ,        ,       .

           [1 -        (1900),                . . .],    .           - ;       ,      .             ,          .   ,       ,      (   ),     .  ,       ,          ,   .   ,      ,          .

             ,     .   ,    ,     ,         ,    .      ,    ,     .      ,    ,     .   ,        ,       .

      ,                  .    ,       ,       .               ,  ,           ;                     .              ( 510),      ,    . ,     .          , ,         .      ,       .      .        ,    ,   ,      .     ,        .       ,         .

 ,     ,          .      -     ,      .     ()    ,    , ,    .    , ,  , ,     .    ,     ,    , ,           ,      ,         .

   ,    ,  ,          .   ,     ,    .

,          ,          ,    Daedalus    1977.           .                  .              ,   ,        .

              ,          ,           .    ,                ,    .

,           -     .           ,          .            ,   . ,      ,    ,        ,    .




   


       ;      .           ,    ,   ,         ,       .

     ,    ,     ,    .       ,          ,     .    ,         .

      ,       . -,      . -,          ,               .         ;    .

            . ,        .    ,  ,   ,      ,   .          .         ,       ,    [2 -   (18951990)  , ,  ,  ,        . . .],     .      ,   ,          .   .

       ,        ,       .  ,    ,      .   ,  ,      .

           ,   .        ;    ,     .      ;          ,      .

  ,         ,      ,         .              ,    ,        ,   .

        .        ,  ,      ,   ,    .

             [3 -  . (2011)      , . . . . .:  .] (Jane Jacobs. The Death and Life of Great American Cities).      ,        ,      .     ,    .    ,    ,            [4 -  . (1995)   :   , . . .. . .:  .] (Roberta Gratz. The Living City).              ,    .

     (Victor Gruen. The Heart of Our Cities) ,      ,             .    ,          .        ,          .       .

  ,      ,             ,    (Wolf Von Eckardt. Back to the Drawing Board).   ,         ,    ,         .

  ,       ,          (Bernard Rudofsky. Streets for People)            .          ,             .

 ,      ,   1980- .,       .           , ,   .. ,           ,      N, ,      :      ?

       (Mark Cramer. Funkytowns USA)        (Terry Pindell. A Good Place to Live)          .          ,    - .    ;   ,     .           , ,    ,          .

      (Philip Langdon. A Better Place to Live)    ,       .       ,       ,       .     (Peter Katz. The New Urbanism)          .          .   (),    (Vince Scully),   .

            (Richard Sexton. Parallel Utopias),            .          (   ,    )      (    ).    ,        ,   .

,    ,       ,      (David Sucher. City Comforts).               ,         ,     .

   , ,  . (WilliamH.Whyte),        (City)   ,           (The Social Life of Small Urban Spaces)            .          ,    .

                 (Sara Evans and Harry Boyte. Free Spaces).   ,         ,       ,                   .

    [5 -  . (2002)     , . . . , . . .:  ,  .] (Christopher Lasch. The Revolt of the Elites)             ,                      .      ,            ,     ,      .

        -;       -;           ,      .     (Lyn Lofland. A World of Strangers)   .     (Michael Ignatieff. The Needs of Strangers)  ,      (Parker Palmer. A Company of Strangers)    .

        ,      ,           ,    .      ,   ,   ,     .          ,      ,       ,   .

  ,           ;            ;                 .          . ,    ,  ,      -,     ,        .

      .   ,      :        ,      .           ,       .

  ,        ,     .        (        ),        .         ,        .

         .         ,       ,           ,  ,        .       ,    ,           .

             .   ,         ,  .       ()    .

,  ,    ,   ,     .     ,        .    ,   ,    -       ; ,          ,        ,         .       .

   ,      .        ,       ,    .   [6 -   (.1949)     . . .]    ,    ,     .       ,           ,    .   ,      ,   ,   .

     .       ,    ,          ,    ,      ,         .        .     (  ,   ),        .

    (  )     .     ,             .

-   [7 -   (. Welcome Wagon)   1928.  ,              . . .]        ,    .   (,        )      ,      .     ,   ,     .               .

        .  ,   ,       .    ,          .      ,   ,      ,    .     ,       ,      .

     .        ,   ,       .       ,        ,    ; ,     .     ,            .

        .               ,    ,     .                .  ?              - ,     ,        ; ,   ;                  .        !

     ,      .  ,          .      ,    ,   .       ,     ,   ,      .   ,              .

                 .  ,     , ,    ,  ,    ,          .

        ,   ,         .   [8 -  ( . real estate development   ) ,    ,               ; -,    . . .]     컠   ,              ,     ,    .

     ,      ,        .      ,       ,                 :         .

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     ,   ,   ,      ,    ,      .                   ,      .                .

     ,    .            ,  ,    , ,      .       -    .    ,       ,    .    ,    :    ?!  ,  : ,       .  ,     ,     ,       .

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            ,   ,            .

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       ,          .   ,     ;    ,    ;   ,  ,   ,     -   .  -       ,   .

      . -     . -            -,       . ,   ,     ,     . ,    , , ,   .      .

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      .     ,        ,    ,    .    ,    ,          ,         .

      ,      ,    ,    .       ,     .  ,        ,        ,       ! ,      ,      ,       ,         .

         joie de vivre ( ).           ,     ,         .        ,      ,  ,    ,  . ,   ,         ,    .

                 ,    .  ,     ,    ,      ,      .  ,          .        ,              !

         ,     ,      .         ,         ,  ,        .      -   ,  ,     (   )      .         ,   .   ,    [9 -  (Walmart)      ;   1962. . . . .]     ,    .

  ,  ,         ,     .   ,      .   ,     .            .

            ,   , ,   .      ,               ,     .     ,      -   .

,          ,       ,     .   ,             .    , ,     ,     ,   .   ,      ,   ,     .        ,            . ,           .   ( ,     )     .

        ,     ,   ,       .        .            ,     ,    ,     .           1960- .   ,         ,              .

 ,            , ,  .      ,             .

    ,         .   ,    ;    ;       ,        ,   ,   . ,     :       ?!  -   ,     ?!          , ,   , ,    ,            .

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 ,              .          .          ,     ,             .

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       ,     ,  ,   ,  (     ). ,  ,      ,     , - .

    .              ,         ,  ,     .      1940-  1950- .,  -       ,               ,  ,     .                 ,              ,   .

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     ,  .            ;       ,     .                      .  ,    ,    ,    ,            ,    .   ,   ,  .



 
, 
1  1996.







  ,     ,   .                .                     .  ,    , ,   ,           .       ;       .           ,    .  ,   ,     ;  ,     ;   ,       ,     ,      .

 ,        ,       ,       ,    ,    ,        . ,         ,             ,      .              ,    .      ,      .         ,         .

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     (  ,    )  ,      ,          ,        .         ,        ,           .            ,               .     ,           ,     .

  ,    ,            ,         .             ,        .       , , ,   ,    , , ,        .

         .   ,                .     ,    ,   ,    ,         .  ,   ,  ,      ,     ,              ,      .

     ,     .    -    ,       ,    ,        .  -                  .         ,  ,       .                 .

   ,            .   11   ,      ,   .   ,    ,       :       .  12     ,          ;          .  13  ,         ,     , ,      .

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, 







             .  ,   ,      ,         ,    ,       .

               ,      .  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,           .           -  -,     1940.             .

    .                    .       ,        ,         .                  .

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 I





 1

   



        ,              ;       (   )       .       ,           ( ,  ),   ,      -      .       ,       ,        ,          .

 ,    (1957)

   ,  .     ,         .         ,       .       .

 ,           ,        .                    .                ,  ,  -, ,      .         .

   ,  ,            ,        ,    ,   .       ,        -       ,      .

     ,  ,     ,     ,        [10 - Goodwin R.N. (1974) The American Condition, The New Yorker, 28 January, 38.].   ,         ,          .    ,     ,   ,    ,               .

    ,        .          .               ,       . ,      ,   ,     ,           .       , , .          .

            .         ,           .        :



             ,   -   ,   .    ,     ,        .     ;   -  ,     .                      , ,     -,      .        ,      ,  ,             -  .


      , ,        .      -             .  :       -       ,     ,      .       ,         [11 - Harris K. (1949) Travelling Tongues, London: John Murray, 80.].

        ,      ,   .         -     .  :  -       ,          ,             -    [12 - Gruen V. (1973) Centers for Urban Environment, New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 217.].  ,   ,  :      - ,         , ,     , , .        ,   -;  ,         .           ,   ,         ,        .

      ,     .       ,       .   1960- .      ,        [13 - Slater P.E. (1971) Must Marriage Cheat Todays Young Women? Redbook Magazine, February.]. ,       ,       ,     [14 - Gordon S. (1976) Lonely in America, New York: Simon & Schuster.]. ,    ,  ,       ,       - :



,        ,        .    ,          ,     ,  ,          .        .         [15 - Ibid., 105.].


       .    ,  ,     ,  -    ,      .        ,     .   1970- .,   , :



            ,   ,        .    - ,         ,   ,    ,     ,     ,  ,       .      , ,           ,    ,       ,   [16 - Sennett R. (1973) The Brutality of Modern Families, in Marriages and Families, ed. H.Z.Lopata, New York: D.VanNostrand Company, 81.].


   ,   , ,         .             :    ,             .    ,     ,     .    ,   ,      .    ,   ,     .           ,      .  ,   ,         .  :  ,    , ,  [17 - Riesman D. (1957) The Suburban Dislocation, The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, November, 142.]. ,       .       .

                      . ,     ,       .     ?       ,    ,         [18 - Hayden D. (1984) Redesigning the American Dream, New York: W.W.Norton & Company, Chapter 2.].                     ,    .           ,       .    ,      ,     ,    ,  ,             ,       .

               [19 -     . : SennettR., op. cit.; Aries P. (1977) The Family and the City, Daedalus, Spring, 227237.].  ,       , , ,           -          ,       ,      ,               [20 - SennettR., op. cit., 84.].  ,        ,    ,      ,    ,      ,    ,   [21 - Aries P., op. cit., 227.].

        ,              .    , ,   .   , ,        ,        .   ,      -   ,       .    ,   ,     :  ,    ,  [22 - Goodwin R.N., op. cit., 38.].        ,              ,  .

                  .       ,           .   ,   ,            ,               .        .             . ,            -  ,        .

                    .     ,          .    ,       ?  ,               ? !         ,        -,     ,    ?

  ,   ,   ,   ,    ,     ?       ,   -        ?               - ,   ,      ?      .

                   .           .                ,   -   .  ,      ,     - .      ,         .




    


      ,          .         .                ,          .          ,        .         ,    ,         .

           ,            .       .     ,    ,   90%   1940- .  30%   [23 - Kluge P.F. (1982) Closing Time, Wall Street Journal, 27 May.].        ,    .  ,           ,    .  1960- .  ,             [24 - Ferguson F.L. (1969) Efficient Drug Store Management, New York: Fairchild Publications, 202.].   ,         ,       黠        .      .      ,       ,      .

                   .      ,    ,      ,       ,      .            .              1960- .[25 - Bronfenbrenner U. (1979) The American Family: An Ecological Perspective, in The American Family: Current Perspectives, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, Audiovisual Division, audio cassette.]         .         . ,    ,      ,       ,        ,    ,       .

  ,                ,     [26 - Wallis C. (1983) Stress: Can We Cope?, Time, 6 June.].          .         ,  [27 - Ibid.].    ,        [28 - Ibid.].   :       ,             (Tagamet),    (Inderal)   (Valium)[29 - Ibid.].

         ,       . ,    ,              ,    .    ,          .        ,     - .   ,      ,       .      ,  ,       .

 ,  ,      ,      .  ,         ,             ,     .        .      ,          ,     . ,         ,        ,    , ,  ,          .        ,        .

       .        ,       .             .   ,   ,    [30 - Goodwin R. (1974) The American Condition, New Yorker, 4 February, 75.].    ,    ,     .   ,       ,    [31 - Kando T.M. (1980) Leisure and Popular Culture in Transition, 2nd ed., St.Louis: The C.V.Mosby Company.].   ,    , ,         ,   [32 - Ibid., 101.].

,   , ,          .      ,  -   - ,    . ,  ,       (     -  ?),        ,                 .           .   .   ,        .     ,       ,     .  :    ,   ,   ,   .              [33 -       .].

           ,        ,       .         .      ,           .  ,         ,       .      ,     .

        ,     .                  . ,      ,  ,       ,    ໠   .     ,     .        ,        ,    .     ,                ,    .       ,     ,    -    .

             .      ,      .       -  , ,               .      ,         .                .

,      ,        ,      .     ,         ,     .      1015  ,     ,          .  ,         .     ,          , ,      .

                  .        ,       .     ,    ;        ,    .  ,     .                 ,      .         .        .  ,   ,       .

          .        ,   ,    ,    .        .        ,       , ,        .      ,               .

     ,        ,   .           ,          .      ,   ,   ,         ,   . ,          ,   ,       .

              ,   .    ,    ,       ,      .    ,       ,  ,          ,    .         ,         ,             ,   ,   .   ,    1962                 [34 - Lofland L.H. (1973) A World of Strangers, Prospect Hills, Ill.: Waveland Press, Inc., 117.].        ,              .




  :  


           ,     ,       .          ,       .      ,     ,   ,        .

   ,        ,  . ,      軠   ,   ,      ,    .            ,       .   ,          ,     .      .       .                  .    .    .    ,    - ,         .

 ,     ,          ,            ,     , ,      .  ,     ,     ,      .

,  ,    ,          , ,   ,      ,      .    ,      ,        ,          .           ;     ;        .

      ,       ,    .        ;   ,   .       . ,    ,         ,     .

   - ,                  .  ,    ,      .     . ,     .         ,     - ,           ,     ,    .   ,    ,        . ,  ,       .           ,           .

               ,      .         ,     ,      .           ,     ,    .    ,            .             ,       .

             .       ,         ,    .     hangout[35 -   ;         (.).. .],            .       hangout,        -          .               ,         .     :   ,            .

    ,   :        ,        .           ,    , , ,         .  ,       :  ,   .           .  ,    .    :        ,       .       ,        ,     ,      .      ,    ,  .          .       ,           ,      .




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/rey-oldenburg/trete-mesto-kafe-kofeyni-knizhnye-magaziny-bary-salony-kraso/)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


       (1900),                . . .




2


  (18951990)  , ,  ,  ,        . . .




3


 . (2011)      , . . . . .:  .




4


 . (1995)   :   , . . .. . .:  .




5


 . (2002)     , . . . , . . .:  ,  .




6


  (.1949)     . . .




7


  (. Welcome Wagon)   1928.  ,              . . .




8


 ( . real estate development   ) ,    ,               ; -,    . . .




9


 (Walmart)      ;   1962. . . . .




10


Goodwin R.N. (1974) The American Condition, The New Yorker, 28 January, 38.




11


Harris K. (1949) Travelling Tongues, London: John Murray, 80.




12


Gruen V. (1973) Centers for Urban Environment, New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 217.




13


Slater P.E. (1971) Must Marriage Cheat Todays Young Women? Redbook Magazine, February.




14


Gordon S. (1976) Lonely in America, New York: Simon & Schuster.




15


Ibid., 105.




16


Sennett R. (1973) The Brutality of Modern Families, in Marriages and Families, ed. H.Z.Lopata, New York: D.VanNostrand Company, 81.




17


Riesman D. (1957) The Suburban Dislocation, The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, November, 142.




18


Hayden D. (1984) Redesigning the American Dream, New York: W.W.Norton & Company, Chapter 2.




19


    . : SennettR., op. cit.; Aries P. (1977) The Family and the City, Daedalus, Spring, 227237.




20


SennettR., op. cit., 84.




21


Aries P., op. cit., 227.




22


Goodwin R.N., op. cit., 38.




23


Kluge P.F. (1982) Closing Time, Wall Street Journal, 27 May.




24


Ferguson F.L. (1969) Efficient Drug Store Management, New York: Fairchild Publications, 202.




25


Bronfenbrenner U. (1979) The American Family: An Ecological Perspective, in The American Family: Current Perspectives, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, Audiovisual Division, audio cassette.




26


Wallis C. (1983) Stress: Can We Cope?, Time, 6 June.




27


Ibid.




28


Ibid.




29


Ibid.




30


Goodwin R. (1974) The American Condition, New Yorker, 4 February, 75.




31


Kando T.M. (1980) Leisure and Popular Culture in Transition, 2nd ed., St.Louis: The C.V.Mosby Company.




32


Ibid., 101.




33


      .




34


Lofland L.H. (1973) A World of Strangers, Prospect Hills, Ill.: Waveland Press, Inc., 117.




35


  ;         (.).. .


