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         ,          .      , ,      ,              ,    ,       .

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1.          ,            ,   .         (liberty)   (freedom)[16 - -,        freedom  liberty,       .     , ,  liberty   .            . ,         (freedom from want) (Robinson J. Private Enterprise or Public Control. London: Association for Education in Citizenship, 1943).].            .            ,      [17 -  ,          ,     :   (Cranston . Freedom: A New Analysis. New York: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1953),     ,    ,          .        . ,       : Adler . The Idea of Freedom: A Dialectical Examination of Conceptions of Freedom. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1958,        : Ofstad . An Inquiry into the Freedom of Decision. Oslo: Norwegian University Press; Stockholm: Svenska bokforlaget, 1961.].  ,      ,   ,   ,           ,    .

 ,             [18 - .  , 1.2.8 (982b):    ,     ,     [ .. ],      : Daher kam ich der Meinung derer nahe, es sei f?r die Freiheit genug, da? das Geschehen dem Zwange nicht unterworfen ist, wenngleich es der Notwendigkeit untersteht [     ,  ,      ,     ] [Leibniz G. I/K ?ber die Freiheit // Leibniz G.W. Philosophische Werke: Hauptschriften zur Grundlegung der Philosophie / Ed. by A. Buchenau and E. Cassirer. Leipzig: Verlag der D?rrschen Buchhandlung, 1906. Vol. 2. P. 497 [. .     //  . :  4 . .: , 1982. T. 1. . 312]). .:              ,    ,     (.Bentham J. The Limits of Jurisprudence Defined: Being Part Two of an Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation / Ed. by C.W. Everett. New York: Columbia University Press, 1945. P. 59). . : Der negative Status (status liberatatis) [ ] (Jellinek G. System der subjektiven ?ffentlichen Rechte. T?bingen: Verlag von J.C.B. Mohr, 1905. Ch. 8. P. 94-114); Freiheit bedeutet je den Gegensatz zum Zwang, der Mensch ist frei, wenn er nicht gezwungen handelt [   ;  ,      ] (Schlick . Fragen der Ethik. Vienna: J. Springer, 1930. P. 110);                  (Knight F.H. The Meaning of Freedom // The Philosophy of American Democracy / Ed. by C.M. Perry. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1943. P. 75),              (Knight F.H. The Meaning of Freedom // Ethics. 52. 1941. P. 86-109)   :    (Knight F.H. Conflict of Values: Freedom and Justice // Goals of Economic Life / Ed. by A. Dudley Ward. New York: Harper, 1953);      -     ,  ,       . <>     ,        (Neumann FL. The Democratic and the Authoritarian State: Essays in Political and Legal Theory. Glencoe, IL: The Free Press, 1957. P. 202);    ,          ( . The Structure of Freedom. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1958. P. 94).],       ,      ,         ,      .         ,     ,       ,    ,   ,    ,    (civil)   (political)       ,   [19 -       (civil liberty)        ,      ,    ,   ,   ,  ,   ,    .     (political liberty)    ,        (inner liberty),   ,     ,   .      ,        .].

    ,       , ,    ,   ,    ,   ,        .              ,      .

  ,   ,        ,    [20 - .:                (Barker . Reflections on Government. London: Oxford University Press, 1942. P. 1-2).   ,       free (),     : Frei hiess urspr?nglich derjenige, der nicht sch?tz- und rechtlos war [      ] (Necket G. Adel und Gefolgschaft: Ein beitrag zur germanischen altertumskunde // Beitr?ge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur. [1916.]  41.  c. 403). . : Schrader . Sprachvergleichung und Urgeschichte: Linguistisch-historische Beitr?ge zur Erforschung des indogermanischen Altertums / 3


 ed. Jena: H. Costenoble, 1906-1907. Yol. 2. Pt. 2: Die Urzeit. 1907. P. 294; Waas A. Die alte deutsche Freiheit. Ihr wesen und ihre geschichte. Munich; Berlin: R. Oldenburg, 1939. P. 10-15. ,  liber   eleutheros, -,   ,    .     ,         . . :         ,      ,       . ,     ,         ,      ,    ,        (Benedict R.F. Primitive Freedom // Atlantic Monthly. 1942. 169. P. 760).]. ,    ,      ,        [21 - Historisch ist die Begriffsentwicklung aber so verlaufen, da? erst das Vorhandensein von Unfreien, von Sklaven, bei den anderen das Gef?hl der Freiheit weckte [    , ,    ,     ] (Pohtenz . Griechische Freiheit: Wesen und Werden eines Lebensideals. Heidelberg: Quelle und Meyer, 1955).].      ,        ,      .            ,     ,    ,            . ,   ,         .

       ,     ,       ,   - .    ,   ;  ,             ,      ,   ,      ,   .  , ,  ,       ,    ,    ,    ,     .            ,      ,     ,    ,    .

          [22 - .:   ,  , , , ,        -,          ,  .          .          ,      ,      ,  .      - ,        ,       (Green .. Lectures on the Principles of Political Obligation [1895] / New impr. London: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1911. P. 3). . :    .           (Mises L. von. Socialism / New ed. New Heaven: Yale University Press, 1951. P. 191 [ . . . M.: Catallaxy, 1993. . 128]),               (Ibid. . 194 [ . . 129]).]      ,  .  ,  ,    ,          ,      .    ,      ,  ,    ,     - .          ,  ,        ,    ,          ,           ,        ,       [23 - .:           ,     ,     (freeing himself)     (regaining his liberty),        (Knight F.H. Review: The Meaning of Freedom // Ethics. 1941-1942. Vol. 12. P. 93).   , ,  ,  -      ,      .].

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    ,        (coercion).        ,  ,     .          ,       .     ,    :     ,     ;        , ,         [24 - ,       (free)           (, ,      ) ,    -.  (devoid)   (lacking)      -    .     ( ),     -   .   ,  -   ,    (free of vermin, of impurities, or of vice),        - .  ,    ,      ,        ,  ,     -  .        ,    ,         (.: Cranston . Freedom: A New Analysis. New York: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1953. P. 5). .             :         .       ,      ,         ,      .            ,      ,     ,     ,  ,     铻 [Benn S.I., Peters R.S. Social Principles and the Democratic State. London: Allen and Unwin, 1959. P. 112).].         ,        .



2.   ,         ,  ,  [25 -     (freedom)         (liberty)      ,   ,    :            (, 6.3 (1317b) [ .. ]).].  ,     ,        ,         .      ,     ,   ,       .            ,    ,  ,      ,    .    ,  ,    ,  ,    ,  ,     ,     ,   ,        [26 -    ,        ,   ,       ; ,    ,  (Laski H.J. Liberty in the Modern State / New ed. London: Allen and Unwin, 1948. P. 6).    ,       ,          ,  ,     ,    ,     (Kelsen . Foundations of Democracy // Ethics. 1955. Vol. 66. 1. Pt. 2. P. 94).].

    ,   ,     , ,       ,        , ,   ,    ,    ,        ,   ,   .      ,     . ,            ,        . ,                [27 - Mims E., jr. The Majority of the People. New York: Modern Age Books, 1941. P. 170.].     ,          ,    ,                ,   ,   - ,    [28 - .: ,      , -,   ,  ,     , ,  ,      Montesquieu. Spirit of the Laws. Vol. 1. P. 150 [.   . . 288]).. :          ,     ,   ;   ,              (holme J.L. de. The Constitution of England, or, An Account of the English Government: In Which It Is Compared Both with the Republican Form of Government, and the Other Monarchies in Europe [1784] / New ed. London: G.G. and J. Robinson, 1800. P. 240)..  ,    2  5   7.].

    ,       ,           ,        .     ,  ,              ,      ;    ,           ,    ,  [29 -      ,       :         , ,      ,  :     ,      -     ;      ,        .     ,    ,  ;    ,           ;       ,        ,   .       ,     ,     (James W. Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human Nature. New York: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1902. P. 314 [ .   . M.: , 1993. . 248]).].    ,         , , ,     ,        .  ,        ,    ,  ,     .

   ,    ,  , ,   ,               .                .           ,    ,           XIX [30 -   ,     ,      . .   : Naumann F. Das Ideal der Freiheit. Berlin-Sch?neberg: Hilfe, 1908. P. 5.  : Freiheit ist in erster Linie ein nationaler Begriff. Das soll hei?en: Lange ehe man ?ber die Freiheit des einzelnen Volksgenossen stritt und nachdachte, unterschied man freie und unfreie V?lker und St?mme [       .  ,   ,            ,          ].      : Die Geschichte lehrt, da? der Gesamtfortschritt der Kultur gar nicht anders m?glich ist als durch Zerbrechung der nationalen Freiheit kleiner V?lker [ ,            ]  Es ist kein ewiges Recht der Menschen, von Stammesgenossen geleitet zu werden. Die Geschichte hat entschieden, da? es f?hrende Nationen gibt und solche, die gef?hrt werden, und es ist schwer, liberaler sein zu wollen, als die Geschichte selber ist [        .   ,      ,      ,   ] (. 13).].        ,   ;       .        ,             ;             .        ,    ,       , -      .



3.    ໠     (   )[31 -               ,  libertas  necessitate (  )  libertas a coactione (  ).]. , ,     ,       .   ,         ,     ,      .         ,    ,     .       ,      ,               ,   -     ,   ,   ,     .      ,  ,        ,    ,   ,  ,    .

                ,    ,         . -    : ,          ,      ,   ,     .              ,          . ,           ,              .         ,   ,       .  (  5)      .              ,    ,    ,      .



4.            ,      :        ,  [32 - Wootton . Freedom under Planning. London: Allen and Unwin, 1945. P. 10.           ()       (Le Philosophe ignorant),     : ?tre vritablement libre, cest pouvoir. Quand je peux faire ce que je veix, voil? ma libert廠[      .     ,   ,   ] (Jouvenel . de. De la souverainete, a la recherche dn bien politique. Paris: M.T. Genin, 1955. P. 315). -,            ,    (  4)        . [   1971  :         ,    (  4)      .       ,      , -,    . .]],         ,   .       ,     ,    ,                    ,   .

        ,             ,  ,  ,   ,         .           ,   .        ,      ,            ,   [33 - .:    ,      .        ,  ,   ,   -   . <>  ,     ,         (Drucker . The End of Economic Man: A Study of the New Totalitarianism. London: William Heinemann, 1939. P. 74-75). To,          ,     (Wilson W. The New Freedom: A Call for the Emancipation of the Generous Energies of a People. New York: Donbleday, Page, and Co., 1913, .,  , . 26).          . ,     ,                  ,           ,     (GruchyA.Gr. The Economics of the National Resources Committee // American Economic Review. 1939. Vol. 29. P. 70).],   ,           .                ,          .

            ,           . ,         ,        ,          ,  [34 -        ,     :  (liberty)   ,       (freedom)    (Corwin E.S. Liberty against Government: The Rise, Flowering, and Decline of a Famous Juridical Concept. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1948. P. 7).].       :        ,     - ,    ,      .    :   ,  , ,       [35 -     ,            coerce () :        ,    (The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1933. Vol. 1).].  ,       ,      ,                      [36 - Russell B. Freedom and Government // Freedom: Its Meaning / Ed. by R.N. Anshen. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1940. P. 251.]        [37 - Hobbes T. Leviathan; or, The Matter, Forme, and Power of a Commonwealth, Ecclesiasticall and Civil / Ed. by M. Oakeshott. Oxford: B. Blackwell, 1946. P. 84 [ T. . M.: , 2001. C. 89].].

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5.                 [41 - .:        ,         (Perry .. Liberty in a Democratic State // Freedom: Its Meaning / Ed. by R. Anshen. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1940. P. 269).     ,   ,           (Waldo D. The administrative State. New York: Ronald Press Co., 1948. P. 73)         (Hale R.L. Freedom through Law: Public Control of Private Governing Power. New York: Columbia University press, 1952. P. 73).],       ,    ,      .    ,     ,     ,            , -    .           ,   , ,  ,      ,     ,     . ,   ,      ,     ,    ,           ,    .            ,      ,       ,     ,       ,     ,     .

     ,       ,        .  ,   ,    ,   ,              ;  ,               ,    .     ,        .     ,   ,   ,   ,       ,          ,      .  ,   ,      ,   ,       ;  ,     ,     ,    ,    ,    .

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      , ,         ,      ,      .    ,  ,     [43 - .:       ,      (Acton J. Lectures on Modern History. London: Macmillan, 1906. P. 10);     , , ,   ,        ,        (Malinowski . Freedom and Civilization. New York: Roy Publishers, 1944. P. 47). . : Knight F.H. Freedom as Fact and Criterion // Freedom and Reform: Essays in Economics and Social Philosophy / Ed. by F.H. Knight. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1947. P. 4If.; Cropsey J. Polity and Economy: An Interpretation of the Principles of Adam Smith. The Hague: M. Nijhoff, 1957. P. XI; Bronfenbrenner M. Two Concepts of Economic Freedom // Ethics. 1955. Vol. 65. P. 157-170.]. ,   ,             ,    : ,        ,       .             .  ,      ,         ,    ,    ,   ,            ,       .          ,        .       ,   ,  ,        ,         ,         .

6.   ,       [44 -    ()   ()       ,       . . : Green .. Liberal Legislation and Freedom of Contract [1880] // The Works of T.H. Green / Ed. by R.L. Nettleship. London: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1888. Vol. 3. P. 365-386. ,      ,       . .: Berlin I. Two Concepts of Liberty: An Inaugural Lecture Delivered Before the University of Oxford on 31 October 1958. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1958 [. .    //  .  : . M.:   , 2001];           ,  ,       ,                 ,  , ,    (Rossiter . Toward an American Conservatism // Yale Review. 1955. Vol. 44. P. 361).].     ,       ,  , ,    -   -  .        :            .      ,     .       ,    ,     ,    .

      ,   .  (liberties)   ,   :       ,      ,         .         .  ,  -    ,   ,        ;       ,   ,     ,    ,   .       ,   ,   ,     ,    ,        .

          ,   ,          .   ,       .    ,          .                .  ,        ,      .       .      , -,     ; -,      ; -,   ,   ; , -,   [45 - Westermann W.L. Between Slavery and Freedom // American Historical Review. 1945. Vol. 50. P. 216.].

   ?  ,   XVIII  XIX      .       ,      [46 - ,   ,    ,        (.: Jones J.W. The Law and Legal Theory of the Greeks: An Introduction. London: Oxford University Press, 1956. P. 282).].       ,      .          ,       ,        . ,      ,    ,                   -    .                          .       ,     ,       ,             ,              .



7.       ,     ,         .   ,           ,  ,       .             .         .          ,         ,  ,  ,    ,  .               ,       .       ,      .         ,      .

        ,  - ,                ,    .    ,         ,             ,      .      ,                    .  ,        ,    ,     ,       - .     ,         ,         .

    ,          [47 - .   :       ,               (Freedom and Reform: Essays in Economics and Social Philosophy / Ed. by F.H. Knight. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1947. P. 193-194). .        ,        3   1.].     ,     [48 - .: Ihering R. von. Law as a Means to an End / Trans, by I. Husik. Boston: Boston Book Co., 1913. P. 241-242; Weber M. Essays in Sociology. New York: Oxford University Press, 1946. P. 78 [ M.      //  .  . .: , 1990. . 645] (    ,          !  ( )     ); Malinowski . Freedom and Civilization. New York: Roy Publishers, 1944. P. 265 (     ,     ); Clark J.M. Social Control of Business / 2


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,        ,    ,     ,  ,                ,        ,  ,   ,     .    ,     ,    ,       (duties) ,   ,      .                  ,    ,       ,        .  ,      ,      ,      ,  ,       ,        .




 2

   


        ,    ,  .

            ,     ,        .

.. [49 - Whitehead A.N. Introduction to Mathematics. London: Williams and Norgate, 1911. P. 61.        : Hayek F.A. Essays on Individuality / Ed. by F. Morley. Philadelphia: University if Pennsylvania Press, 1958. P. 183-204.]

1.   ,       ,       .     ,        ,       .     ,      ,    ,   ,        ,    .  ,    ,  ,   ,    ,     ,        ,    ,    .

    ?  ,     ,        .          ,      . ,                     ,   ,      .          ,        . ,  ,      ,    ;    ,     ,   ,       .       ,       ,     .

, , ,         .    ,        .       ,     .      ,      .        ,    .  ,   ,            .      ,       .

,   , ,     ,     , ,       .     ,          ,  ,     ,   .   , , ,     .     ,     .    ,           ,        [50 - .: ,       .        , , ,       .   ,    ,       ,   ,    . ,   ,   ,     - ;      ,            ;       ,      (Ferguson A. An Essay on the History of Civil Society. Edinburgh: Printed for A. Millar and T. Caddel in the Strand, and A. Kincaid, and J. Bell, Edinburgh, 1767. P. 279 [< .    . .: , 2000. . 265]).].

   ,     ,   ,   ,    .       ,   .       ,        .    ,              ,    .   ,          ,     .     ,            ,                [51 - .:      ,           , ,    .        3000 ,       .      , ,    ,   ?   ,   ,    ,    (Polanyi . The Logic of Liberty: Reflections and Rejoinders. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1951. P. 199).].

  ,    ,    ,                ,    .         ;                .       .          ,          ,      .

,    ,     ,  ,   ;         ,            ,       [52 - White L.A. Mans Control over Civilization: An Anthropocentric Illusion // Scientific Monthly. 1948. Vol. 66. P. 238; : Idem. The Science of Culture: A Study of Man and Civilization. New York: Farrar, Strauss, and Co., 1949. P. 337, 342.]. ,   ,       .                ,      ,    ,   ,          ,    .

     ,   ,    ,     .        ,    ,       ,  , ,        , ,    ,    .      ,  ,     ,       ,          .   ,             ,     ,       ,      .       .         .          .     ,          ,      , ,        .

 ,    ,       ,     ,    ,          ,   ,    ,             ,        .      ,        ,    ,    .      ,           .    ,      ,    ,       ,   .                 ,   .



2.      , ,  ,      ,   ,   ,    ,     [53 - .: Ryle G. Knowing How and Knowing That // Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society. 1946. Vol. 46; cp. : Polanyi M. Personal Knowledge: Towards a Post-critical Philosophy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1958 \ M.  . M.: , 1985].].          .     ,  , ,   [54 - .   :  ,    (Ramsey F.P. The Foundations of Mathematics. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1931. P. 287 [ ..  //  .  . : -  -, 2003. . 213]).],          ,    .             .               ;            .         ,       ,       ,      [55 -      .      :  F.A. tiber den Sinn sozialer Institutionen // Schweizer Monatshefte. October 1956. P. 512-524;  ,    ,      .  :         ,          ( F.A. Individualism and Economic Order. London; Chicago, 1948 [ ..    . .: , 2000]). .    :    :         ,      (Boswell J The Life os Samuel Johnson, LL. D. /2


 ed. London: Printed by Henry Baldwin, 1793. Vol. 2. P. 237-238).].             , ,   ,  , ,      .

          ,      ,          ,       .          ,         .       ,  ,           ,         .        ,     .      ,     ,    .     ,   ,    ,    ,  .        :         .

    .    ,      ,        , ,    ,        .     ,    ,          [56 - Santillana G. de. The Crime of Galileo. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1955. P. 34-35.     -:      ,     -. [   : Schiller F.C.S. Spenser Herbert II Encyclopedia Britannica / 11


 ed. New York: The Encyclopedia Britannica Co., 1911. .]. :           ,   ,        ,     ,      (Popper .R. On the Sources of Knowledge and Ignorance II Proceedings of the British Academy. 1960. Vol. 46. P. 69);           ? ,      ,       .  ,      ,    ,              ,         .      .         ,       ,  ,   .             (Weaver W. A Scientist Ponders Faith // Saturday Review. January 1959. 3. P. 9).].  ,       ,     ,      ,                 .     ,   ,     .          ,      ,      ,   ,             .    ,          .    ,        ,     .       ,        .



3.        ,           :           ,       .        ,          ,        .

                    ,     ,    . ,             ,          ,    ;               ,            .          .        ,   ,  ,          - .

 ,            ,    ,   .      ,      ; ,      ,   ,          ,    -  .       ,    ,    ,    ,        ,    .      ,         ,     . ,      ,     .                 ,       .

           ,     ,        ,     .      ,            ,       ,              .

          ,      ,    .      ,       ,    ,      .  ,         ,          ;    ,     . ,      ,   ,    ,  ,       ,          ,      ,                  ,     .        ,                ,  ,   ,    .      ,     ,       ,   .    ,     ,                .

        ,    ,    ,   ,         ,    [57 - .:     ;        .                       ,        (Barnett H.G. Innovation: The Basis of Cultural Change. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1953. P. 53, 65).].            ,       [58 - .:    .       ,    ,     ,   ,     .         .  ,        ,     ,      .  -  ,    ,         .   ,              .       ,     ,    .      ,            ;        ,   ,     ,      ,          , -,        (Lewis W.A. The Theory of Economic Growth. London: Allen and Unwin, 1955. P. 148, 172).];     ,  ,   ,        ,                 ,  ,       .

    ,          ,  ,     ,    ,                    .



4.     ,         .    ,                 ,         [59 -    ,   ,   ,   . ,  ,      ,     (Maitland F.W. The Collected Papers of Frederic William Maitland, Downing Professor of the Laws of England. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1911. Vol. 1. P. 107). . :            ,  .    ,        ,    .   ,        ,  ,  ,                 ,  . ,  , ,     ,      .      ,   ,  ,          ,      (Kline .., Martin N.H. Freedom, Authority and Decentralization // Harvard Business Review. 1958. Vol. 36.  c. 70).. :     ,       ,   ,      .    ,        ,  ,         ,   [Sumner W.G. Speculative Legislation II Idem. The Challenge of Facts and Other Papers. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1914. P. 215).     ,   (ignorance),     .   , ,        ,     ,            ,    ,      .   , ,   ,          , , ,   - , ,        ,    .     . ,            ,       ,         ,    .].

    ,      ,         ,        ,         .   ,   ,   , , .     ,      ;     ,           .  ,      , ,  , ,     ,      ,    ,          - ,   ,   .

       ,  ,              [60 - .:      ,       (Wheeler J.A. A Septet of Sibyls: Aids in the Search for Truth // American Scientist. 1956. Vol. 44. P. 360).].          ,   ,       ,       ,      .     , , ,         .

,              .     [61 - .   :       ,       (. : Taton . Reason and Chance in Scientific Discovery. London: Hutchinson, 1957. P. 91).].      ,   .     ,      ,    ,  ,   ,                    .  ,    ,    ,               ,    ,        ,      .

,    ,     .      ,       ,     .     ,      ,   ,          ,  .

    ,      ,         , , ,     .         ,            .     , ,      ,                    ,    .     ,       ,        ,   , ,   ,      ,    ,         [62 - .:         ,       .       ,   ,  ,              ,       .                , ,    ,      ,        (Lerner .. The Backward-leaning Aproach to Controls ft Journal of Political Economy. 1957. Vol. 65. P. 441).].



5.      . ,      ,    .  ,   ,     ,      .             ,     ,       ,       .

         ,            ;         ,  ,      .  ,          ,       ,       .

       ,      ,      ,  ,    ,   . , ,    ,     ,   .    ,    ,      .       ,      ,     ,         ,      ,     .         ,    .    ,     ,     .            ,   ,        ,   .

  ,                  ,   -       .    ,    ,   ,       . ,      ,           ,   ,    [63 - .:     ,  ,          (Dickinson L. Justice and Liberty: aPolitical Dialogue. London: J.M. Dent, 1908. E.g. P. 129, 131),   ,             ,    .      ,                      ,      . ,       ,      (Eashdall . The Philosophical Theory of Property // Property; Its Duties and Rights: Historically, Philosophically, and Religiously Regarded / Ed. by Ch. Gore, L.T. Hobhouse; new ed. New York: Macmillan, 1915. P. 61-62). . :       ,     ,      .     -  ,    (Kline .., Martin N.H. Freedom, Authority and Decentralization M Harvard Business Review. 1958. Vol. 36. P. 69).].

  ,            ,         .     ,       ,   ,   ,   . ,  ,          ,       .      ,    ,    .             , ,    .        ,     ,   ,       , ,   ,         .

 , ,     ,       ,     ,    ,      . ,  ,     ,      . ,   ,         -,   ,         .      ,       ,   ,            . ,       ,  ,   ,             .   ,       ,  ,      ,   ,     .       ,    .

,        ,   ,         ,    . ,           ,        ,          . ,  ,     ,  ,    ,    . ,          .      ,   - ,     ,  ,     ,      . ,             ,   :    .       ,          ,         ,     .      ,     ,   ,   ,     ,    .



6. ,     , , -,     ,        ,       ,      ,     . -,     ,    .           ,      ,        ,   .            ,        .    [64 -     (formation),      ,    , .  :  F.A. The Counter-Revolution of Science: Studies on the Abuse of Reason. Glencoe, II: Free Press, 1952. P. 83 [.[ ..  . M.: , 2003. . 79].]     .              () ,   ,         .

 ,    ,       ,     .  ,                ,      ,  ,       .   ,        ,                             ,    ,     ,    ,   ,     ,           .

 ,         ,        ,             .     ,      ,    ,         .                    .            ,    ,          ,             .

            ,    ,     ,   ,     .       ,     ,           ,      ;             ,     ,       ,    .              ,     ,     ,        [65 - .: Hayek F.A. Degrees of Explanation // British Journal for the Philosophy of Science. 1955. Vol. 6. P. 209-225, : Idem. Studies in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1967. P. 3-21. . : Hayek F.A. The Theory of the Complex Phenomena//The Critical Approach to Science and Philosophy: Essays in Honor of Karl R. Popper/ Ed. by M.A. Bunge. New York: Free Press of Glencoe, 1964. P. 332-349.].       ,   .  , ,           ,  ,  , ,      .

  ,             ,     .      ,        ,     ,       .      ,     ,      ,       ,             ,      ;    ,     ,     ,    . ,    ,            .

,      , , ,   , ,         ,  ,  -   ,    ,        .  ,      ,     ,  -     ,   .     ,  ,      ,          ,     -,              .           ,      .          ,     ,  ,   .      ,   .

 ,      ,     ,    .  ,       ,   ,   .      ,    [66 - .: Director A. The Parity of Economic Market Place // Conference on Freedom and the Law, May 7, 1953. University of Chicago Law School Conference Series. 13. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1953. P. 16-25.].              ;    ,    - ,       ,   ,          ,      .     - ,        ,           (     ,         )[67 - .: Hayek F.A The Road to Serfdom. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1944. Ch. 7 [ ..   . M.:  , 2005. . 7].].



7.?        ,      ,     .         [68 - .:     ,           .      ,   ,     ,  ,  ,       (Popper .. The Open Society and Its Enemies. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1950.  c. 195 [ K.P.     . .: ;  , 1992. T. 1. . 248]).]           ,      .   ,    ,      ,     ,      ,    ,       ,        .     ,         ,     ,  ,   , .          ,      ;    ,         , ,         .  , ,  ,       ,     ,     ,     .      ,            ,     . ,    ,   ,   ,    ,     - ,  ,  ,   ,   .

            ;   ,   .      ,             . ,         ,     ,   ,   ,  ,          .      ,      ,    ,   ,    ,          .             ,   ,   ,   .            .

      ,  ,   ,   ,   ,  ,    .     ,       ,    ,     .   ,             ,      ,         ,     .



8.,     ,      .          ,       .               .                ,   .

          , -  .         ,   ,             ,   ,  ,                 .    ,     ,   ,         ,    ,  ,     ,      .

         ,       ,     ,    , ,  ,          - .      ;        ,   ,    ,      ,          .   -   ,     ,              . , ,  ,        ,    ,    ,        ,       ,   .      ,      ,      ,    ,  .

     ,   ,            ,    .    ,      ,            ,        ,        ,                .    ,      ,        ,      .    ,      ,        ,  ,              ,         .



9. , ,     ,    .         .           . ,     ,         ,        .   ,   ,      ,         .

   ,         ,         .   ,           ,       .     ,       ,         .          ,    ,      ;     ,      .     ,          ,     .




 3

    


   ,   ,    .

 [69 - .: Retz J.F. de. Mmoires du Cardinal de Retz de Guy-Joli, et de la duchesse de Nemours, contenant ce qui sest pass de remarquable en France pendant les premi?res annes du r?gne de Louis XIV / Nouvelle dition. Paris: Chez tienne Ledoux, 1820. Vol. 2. P. 497 [ .. de. . M.: ; , 1997. . 419],     , ,     : On ne montait jamais si haut que quand on ne sait o? lon va.         XVIII      (Hume D. Whether the British Government Inclines More to Absolute Monarchy, or to a Republic // Hume. Essays. Vol. 1. P. 124),   (Ferguson A. An Essay on the History of Civil Society. Edinburgh: Printed for A. Millar and T. Caddel in the Strand, London, and A. Kincaid and J. Bell, Edinburgh, 1767. P. 187 [ A.    . .: , 2000. . 189-190]),    (.: Forbes D. Scientific Whiggism // Cambridge Journal. 1954. Vol. 7. P. 654).      .  (Dicey. Law and Public Opinion. P. 231).            : Man geht nie weiter, als wenn man nicht mehr weiss, wohin man geht [    ,   ,  ] (Goethe J.W. Maximen, Reflexionen: Goethes Aufs?tze zur Kultur-, Theater- und Literatur- Geschichte. Leipzig: Inselverlag, 1913. Vol. 2. P. 626). Cm.   : Homo non intelligendo fit Omnia [   ] (Vico G. Opr di Giambattista Vico, ordinate ed illustrate collanalisi storica della mente di Vico in relazione alia scienza della civilt? / Ed. by G. Ferrari; 2


 ed. Milan: Societ? Tipolog. de Classici Italiani, 1852-1854. Vol. 5. P. 183).        ,  ,                 ,       .           .: Hayek F.A. Grundtatsachen des Fortschritts // Ordo. 1957. Vol. 9. P. 19-42.]

1. ,    ,     ,      .      ,         ,     .                ,       ,     ,  , ,   ,   .

              .          ,     ,     . ,   ,       [70 - Bury J.B. The Idea of Progress: An Inquiry into its Origin and Growth. London: Macmillan and Co., 1920. P. 2.],    -  ,                   .             ,    ,      ,         -      .

        ,      .       ,     [71 - Cp.: Mill J.B. Representative Government // Idem. On Liberty and Considerations on Representative Government / Ed. by R.B. McCallum. Oxford: B. Blackwell, 1946. P. 121 [ ..    . : , 2006. . 4-5].] .    ,    ,    ,      .  ,        ,     ,   ,   ,   ,   ,   ,  ,     ,        .

     ,               ,       .    ,           ,                   .   ,            ,               -    ,     .        ,   ,           ,      .      ,             ,                  ,     [72 - .:   ,      ;           ,       (Ferguson A. History of Civil Society. Edinburgh: Printed for A. Millar and T. Caddel in the Strand, London, and A. Kincaid and J. Bell, Edinburgh, 1767. P. 12 [ .    . M.: , 2000. . 40]).       ,           ,  ,     (Roscher W. Ansichten der Volkswirthschaft aus dem geschichtlichen Standpunkte. Leipzig; Heidelberg: C.F. Winter, 1861. P. 408-409);         ,         ! [      . .]].



2.              ,        [73 -       ,            ,         .].        ,        ,        [74 - .:    ,    .     (Kroeber A.L. Configurations of Cultural Growth. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1944). [   : Kroeber A.L. Anthropology. New York: Harvourt, Brace and Company, 1923. P. 133. .]].              ,    ,          ,       .        ,       .     ,   ,     ,   ,     [75 - .:  ,       ,            .     -  ,          , ,   ,    .      ;     .    , ,    , ,      ,      ,     ,   ,           .        :   ,     .     ,       (Bury J.B. The Idea of Progress. London: Macmillan and Co., 1920. P. 236-237).].         ,         ,            [76 - .: Popper K.R. The Poverty of Historicism. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1957 [ E.  . M.:   ; VIA, 1993],   : Hayek F.A. The Counter-Revolution of Science: Studies in the Abuse of Reason. Glencoe, IL: Free Press, 1952 [[ ..  . M.: , 2003].]. ,       ,    , .      ,     .      ,   .

   ,        ,    ,          [77 -     :      ,    , , ,    (Langmuir I. Freedom, The Oportnnity To Profit from the Unexpected I I Research Laboratory Bulletin. 1956. Fall. P. 4).].       ,              ,     ,  ,   [78 - .: Polanyi M. The Logic of Liberty: Reflections and Rejoinders. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1951. P. 76,           ,  , ,   : -,       ,      ,   - ;         ,  ,        ,      .        ,           .       ,      ,       .  ,        ,       ,         .      ,              (Bailey S. Essays on the Formation and Publication of Opinions, and on Other Subjects. London: Printed for R. Hunter, 1821. P. iv-v).].        . ,          ,         ,   .                  ,     .       ,    .

    -   .       ,    ,   ,             .            ,     ,         . ,         , ,      ,       ,  .       ,    ,       . ,    ,        ,         ,          .

       .      ,        .     ,             .      ,         - ,    .

         ,      .              .              , ,     .         ,  : , , ,   ,    , , -,         ,    ,    ,       .            .             ,     ,     [79 - Smith. Wealth of Nations. Vol. 1. P. 83 [.  . . 132]. .     ,   1848   ,           ,         ,             (Mill. Principles. . 749 [. . . 766-767]). ,    ,                  ,     ,       .].

        ,     ,   ,       .      :          ,      ,     .         ,        ,        ;         ,      .            ,   .         ,         ,    -     .      , ,   ,       .  ,    ,      ,      .



3.  ,    , -,              .        ,    ,     .       -              .               ,            ,    ,   ,       .         ,       ,             .

    ,              ,      (,       ,     )   .        .       ,     ,    ,   ,   ,   ,   .

          ,     ,      ,    .          ,      ,          ,      .  ,        ,        ,      .       [80 - Tarde G. Social Laws: An Outline of Sociology / Trans, by H.C. Warren. New York: Macmillan, 1907. P. 194.].  ,         ,       .

           ,           ,        ,      .    ,    ,          ;         ,    ,          .  ,    ,         ,        ,         .

  ,         ,          ,              , ,             ,      .       ,     ,      , ,  ,          ,     ,        .

          ,   ?   ,   , ,     ,    ,     ,   ,      ,     .     ,     .    ,         . ,        ,       ,        ,      ,      .         ,   ,    ,  ,     ;    ,        ,      .             ,   -    .         ,       ,          .         ,   .



4.,   ,    ,          .       ,     .     ,    .        .      ,  ,    ,    ,      ,    ,      ,   ,              .   ,    ,  ,    ,      [81 -   ,      ,    ,      , .:  F.A. The non Sequitur of the Dependence Effect //The Southern Economic Journal. April 1961. Vol. 27. P. 346-348.].     ,       ,   ,  ,     .     .      ,   .   ,        ,    .     ,    ,    .

,      ,     ,    ,   ,           ,        .     ,                .    (       ,   ,   )   ,         ,     .            ,     ,     .            .           ,         .  ,         ,           ,         ,       .         ,      ,        ,       ,       .  ,               .             ,   ,         .

        . , ,  ,        ,        - .   ,        ,              ,       .     ,        ;                   ,    ,       ,    .

    ,         ,        .    ,           ,        ,      .     ,   ,     ,        ,               ,        -   .



5.    ,       .   ,    ,          .         ,              .          ,               .

  ,           ,      ,         . ,  ,  ,      ,   ,   ,         .  ,    ,   ,           ,           ,    ,           .             ,        ,    ,     ,           ,             ?

   ,      ,      ;       ,    .    ,    ,            [82 - .:           ,           (Hume D. The Rise and Progress of the Arts and Sciences // Hume. Essays. Vol. 1. P. 184 [ .        //  . :  2 . .: , 1996. . 2. . 548]).]. ,    ,      ,         . ,     ,   ,      ,   ,    .              ,               ,     -    .        ,     !  -  ?      ?  ,        ,                  .         ,      ,   ,    .

      ,                 ,    ,       ,     .       ,               ,        .        ,      .     ,       ,     ,   ,                    .



6.          ,   ,            ?          ,    .     ,         ,       .  ,    ,    ,    ,       ,  ; , ,  ,               .  , ,               ,     ,  ,          .   ,   ,        ,            ,     .   ,     ,     .

 ,                   .          ,   ,    .            ,                ,    .     . ,           ,   ,     ,        ,        .        ,      ,   ,   ,   ,  

,  ,       [83 - .   : The Dynamic Society // Times Literary Supplement. 1956. February 24. P. 109-111 (    ); The Secular Trinity // Times Literary Supplement. 1956. December 28. P. 773-775.].   ,        ,       ,       ,       ,  -  ,         .

,         , ,  ,       ,         ,         ,     ,         [84 - .:       .      - ,               -,          [Boutding .. Principles of Economic Policy. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1958. P. 94).]. , ,                ,      ,     .             ; ,       ,         [85 - .:        ,     ,  ,  ,       ,      ,      .                      ,                  .        ,      (Wallich .. Conservative Economic Policy // Yale Review. 1956. Vol. 46. P. 67).].



7.        ,         . ,     .           ,              .    XIX ,   -     . , ,            . ,  ,             ,         ,          .

, ,   , ,        ,    ,     ,     .   ,     ,          ,     .        , ,     ,    ,        ,     .            ;         ,        ,   ,      .       ,  ,            ,     ,  .

 ,         ,      ,         .          ,       ,      ,              .       ,     .     ,                .   ,     ,        , ,       ,  ,      ,       ; ,             ,      .

,    ,    ,   ,     ,  ,  ,       ,    .             , , ,                   .        ,     (     )         ,      . , ,  ,    ,      ,       ,  ,   ,  ,  ,    ,       .

   ,    ,      ;  ,   , ,    .     ,       .   ,   ,     .             .      ,            .        ,    ,         ,   ,    .  , ,       ,       ,    ,        .



8.             ,      .        ,                     ,           ,       .      ,     ,   ,             .   ,           ,  ,       ,    .  , ,         ,          ,   .  -   ,    :  ,         ,        ,           [86 - . ,             :   ,     ,           .    ,      ,         ,  .        ,      .       ,           (Clark J. Hunza: Lost Kingdom in the Himalayas. New York: Funk and Wagnalls, 1956. P. 266).].

   ,            ,   : ,    ,  ,    ,  ,    .   ,    ,         ,   ,       .      ,     ,      ,          ,                 .

          ,          ,      , ,   ,  .      ,   ,                  ,  ,   ,  .               ,           ,         .        ,      ,         .  ,     ,    ,   ,               .

            .   ,              ,  ,   .     ,            .         ,   ;     ,     ,  ,    .      ,   ,    ,           .  ,       ,  ,  ,    ,  ,       ,          ,        ,         .  ,           ,   , ,      ,                     ,           .




 4

,   


     ,        ,    . <>            .      ,     .

.  [87 -          : Ethics. 1958. Vol. 68. . 229-245. Tocqueville. Democracy in America. Vol. 1. Ch. 14. P. 246-247 [.   . . 1. . 2. . 6. . 189]. . :  ,     ,     ,       ,   (Ibid. Vol. 2. Ch. 2. . 96. [ . . 373]). . :       ,   ,         ,     ,      ,         .       ;     ,      ,      ,          ,      ,               (Hume D. The Rise and Progress of the Art and Sciences I I Hume. Essays. Vol. 1. P. 185 [ .        //  . :  2 . .: , 1996. . 2. . 549]). .    : 11.1.2 ( 19   ).]

1.     ,   ,     - .  ,   ,   ,   ,    ,   .      ,            ,    .         XVIII .         .     ,   .

             [88 -   -: Du dix-huiti?me si?cle e de la rvolution, taient sortis deux fleuves: le premier conduisant les hommes aux institutions libres, tandis que le second les menant au pouvoir absolu [XVIII        :     ,       ]. .    :   []       ,   ;   []    ,    (May Th.E. Democracy in Europe. London: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1877. Vol. 2. P. 334). . : Ruggiero G. de. The History of European Liberalism / Trans, by R.G. Collingwood. London: Oxford University Press, 1927. P. 12, 71  81.        .: Faguet . Le Libralisme. Paris: Socit fran?aise dimprimerie et de librairie, 1902. P. 307,  Da? die Franzosen trotz aller Begeisterung f?r die Freiheit doch immer nur die Gleicheit gekannt haben, nie die Freiheit [,        ,        ] (Treitschke . von. Die Freiheit [1861]. Leipzig: Indel B?cherei, 1912. P. 12).]:     ,     [89 -       ,     ,                          (Groethuysen . Rationalism // Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences. New York: Macmillan Company, 1930-1935. Vol. 13. P. 113). . : Oakeshott M. Rationalism in Politics // Cambridge Journal. 1947. Vol. 1. P. 81-98 [ M.    //  .      . .: -, 2002. . 7-37].];       ,      ,          ,      .        ,                  ,                .

   ,   ,      ,         ,              [90 -          ,     -, :  ,             ,      , ,   ,     (Dyke Roberts . van. Boisguilbert: Economist of the Reign of Louis XIV. New York: Columbia University Press, 1935. P. 327n).].    ,       XIX              ,   [91 - .: Halvy E. The Growth of Philosophic Rationalism. London: Faber and Gwyer, 1928. P. 17-18. . : Ritter G. Vom sittlichen Problem der Macht. Bern: A. Francke AG. Verlag, 1948. P. 132.].        ,  ,        ,            ,  [92 - .: Talmon J.L. The Origins of Totalitarian Democracy. London: Seeker and Warburg, 1952.        ,          ,  ,           ,         ,       (Kelsen . The Foundations of Democracy // Ethics. 1955. Vol. 66. Pt. 2. P. 95, n. 14).].

      ,  .    ,     ,  -             .  ,   1848   ,     ,    ,      ,    .      ,         ,        .   ,        ,      ,       ,  ,    ,      ,  ,    oumiers [  (.)]       oumiers[93 -                  1849 ,     : Lieber F. Anglican and Gallican Liberty // The Miscellaneous Writings of Francis Lieber. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1881. Vol. 2. P. 382-383. .  . 385:  ,       ,      , ,           ;             ,    ab ovo       . . : E?to?s J Der Einflu? der herrschenden Ideen der 19. Jahrhunderts auf den Staat. Leipzig: F. A. Brockhaus, 1854 ( . 1, . 38); Mill J. Considerations on Representative Government. London: Parker, Son, and Bourn, 1861. P. 82-84.].

      ,        [94 -    ,        ,          .  : Die L?nder, wo der Sieg der Freiheit das hei?t in diesem Falle der gleichen Rechte (!) am vollkommensten ist, sind vom Standpunkt liberaler Romantik die langweiligsten, den in ihnen gibt es keine Freiheitsk?mpfer mehr, h?chstens noch einen gewissen pharis?ischen Stolz denen gegen?ber, die noch nicht so weit sind, und ein gewisses erhabenes Mitleid f?r die Opfer zur?ckgebliebener Zust?nde. So etwa erscheint bisweilen der englische Liberalismus [,    (    )    ,        ,        ,  ,   ,            ,     ,  -     ,     .        ] (Naumann F. Das Ideal der Freiheit. P. 16-17).                   ,        . .: Labadi J. LAllemagne: A-t-elle le secret de lorganisation? Paris: Biblioth?que de lOpinion, 1916.            .             .].     ,        ,      XVIII . ,     ,            ,     [95 -    ,     ,   ,       .    -         .: Forbes D. Scientific Whiggism: Adam Smith and John Millar // Cambridge Journal. 1954. Vol. 7. P. 643-670,      :   ( F.A. Individualism, True and False. Dublin: Hodges Figgis, 1946; reprinted in: Idem. Individualism and Economic Order. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1948. P. 1-32 [ .. :    //  .    . .: , 2000. . 18-43]).  ,  ,  ,       ,      .          :  F.A. Freedom, Reason, and Tradition // Ethics. 1958. Vol. 68. P. 229-245.],        ,     ,     ,     [96 -   .    ,       : Sir Mathew Hales Criticism on Hobbes Dialogs on the Common Law // Holdsworth W.S. A History of English Law. London: Methuen, 1924. Vol. 5. P. 504-505.].     ,    .        ,   . ,        .  ,  ,         , ,    ,     ,   [97 -    ,    .    ,      :        ,         (Tocqueville A. de. Journeys to England and Ireland / Ed. and trans. by J.P. Mayer. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1958. P. 13).     ,     ,            .].                         ,   , ,   ,  (      [98 -  ,              , .  : Vossler . Die amerikanischen Revolutionsideale in ihrem Yerhaltnis zn den europaischen: untersucht an Thomas Jefferson. Munich: Oldenbonrg, 1929.])   .



2.                 ,      ,              ,     .                   .     ,    ,      :         ,   ,             [99 - Talmon J.L. The Origins of Totalitarian Democracy. London: Seeker and Warburg, 1952. P. 2.];  ,    , ,  ,      ;      ,         [100 - Ibid. . 71. . : Mumforc L L. Faith for Living. New York: Harconrt, Brace and Co., 1940. P. 64-66,       ,  : Collier D. S., McGovern W.M. Radicals and Conservatives. Chicago: H. Regnery Co., 1958. P. 9-20,         . .        (einseitigen rationalistischen Liberalismus),        (: Untersuchungen. . 207 [.  . . 433]).].   .. ,       ,       .

   ,     , ,  ,        .     ,           ,   .              ,      -  .

       ,          .  ,      -   ,    .    :      ,      ,   [101 - Ferguson A. An Essay on the History of Civil Society. P. 187 [ .    . M.: , 2000. . 188].].  ,  ,     ,         ,    .     ,     ,    ,     ,           ,          ,      ,   ,   [102 - [Jeffrey F.] Craigs Life of Millar // Edinburgh Review. 1807. Vol. 9. P. 84.    .    -       ,    ,  ,     (Maitland F. W. Outlines of English Legal History, 5601600 // The Collected Papers of Frederic William Maitland / Ed. by H.A.L. Fisher. Cambridge University Press, 1911. Vol. 2. P. 439).].

    ,    , ,    [103 - Forbes D. Scientific Whiggism: Adam Smith and John Millar // Cambridge Journal. 1954. Vol. 7. P. 645.             : Evans-Pritchard .. Social Anthropology. London: Cohen and West, 1951. P. 23-25.]    ,     ,                    .             ,    ,   ,         ,    [104 -        :            ,             ,     .      ,          .        ,     ,    ? (Mises L. von. Socialism / New ed. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1951. P. 43 [ . . . M.: Catallaxy, 1994. . 33]).].      ,    ,    , ,       (design theories).     ,             ,             [105 - . : Talmon J.L. The Origins of Totalitarian Democracy. London: Seeker and Warburg, 1952. P. 73.].

    .   , ,       ,      ,          ,           . ,  ,      ,       ,   ,    ,             ,       ,    [106 - .  . II.1.2 [ .. ]; . : 11.21.37 [    , ,         .   ,          ].           ,     : Leoni . Freedom and the Law. Princeton, NJ: D. van Nostrand, 1961. P. 89 [ .   . .: , 2008. . 107-108]. ,   ,   Corpus inris civilis,    ,   : Rationes eorum quae constituuntur inquiri non oportet, alioquin multa ex his quae certa sunt subvertuntur [         ,  ,   ,  ] (Scott 8.. The Civil Law. Cincinnati: Central Trust Co., 1932. Vol. 2. P. 224. [: . . . VI. .]).         ,  ,        . ., ,   ,     ,   ,              ,       ,    (Antiphon. On the Choreutes. Par. 2 // Minor Attic Orators / Ed. by K.J. Maidment. Cambridge. MA: Harvard University Press, 1941. Vol. I. P. 247).].  ,   ,               .  ,   ,   ,       ,          ,   ,    ,    [107 - Descartes R. A Discourse on Method / Ed. by Everyman. London: Dent, 1912. Pt. 2. P. 11 [ P. :  2 . M.: , 1989. T. 1. . 257].].       ,      -,        ,   [108 - .: Talmon J.L. The Origins of Totalitarian Democracy. London: Seeker and Warburg, 1952. P. 142.              .: Ollier . Le Mirage spartiate: Etude sur lidealisation de Sparte dans lantiquite grecque, de lorigine, jusquaux Cyniques. Paris: E. de Boccard, 1933; Popper K.R. The Open Society and Its Enemies. London: G. Routledge and Co., 1945 [ K.P.     .  2 . M.: ,    , 1992].].

   ,         ,   ,     .   ,      ,   XVII ,  ,   ,   ,      ,   ,              . <>           ,        .     ,             ,       ,        ,     . <> -       ,         , ,      ,                ,         . <>  ,        .  ,    ,    ,    ,      ,    [109 - Sir Mathew Hales Criticism on Hobbes Dialogs on the Common Law // Holdsworth W.S. A History of English Law. London, 1924. Vol. 5. P. 504-505.             .    , ,         (  ),      ,     :                ,    ,     ,       (    )     ,             (  ),        ( . Seventh Report / Ed. by I.H. Thomas, I.F. Fraser. London: J. Bntterworth and Son, 1826. Vol. 4. Pt. 7. P. 6). .   : Per varios nsns experientia legem fecit [     ]. .:  J.G.A. The Ancient Constitution and the Feudal Law. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1957,  :        ,  ,  Per varios usus artem experiential fecit,           Per varios usus Legem experiential fecit.       ,      ,     (Davies J. Les Reports des Cases en Lay. London, 1612 [     Irish Reports]. ).].



3.      ,  ,         ,  ,   ,   ,       - ,    ,        ,  ,    . ,     ,                    ,       .   ,   ,      ,        ,            [110 -    ,                 ,     (.: Hume. Treatise of Human Nature. Vol. 2. P. 380-468 [.    . . 379-482]).              : . Untersnchungen. Bk. 3 Appendix 8,  . 163-165, 203-204 ., 208 [.  ;      ,  . 414-219,   VIII       ,  . 479-482, 489]. .   ,   (Frazer J.G. Psyches Task. London: Macmillan, 1909. P. 4)      ,         ,    -   (Macbeath A. Experiments in Living: A Study of the Nature and Foundation of Ethics or Morals in the Light of Recent Work in Social Anthropology. London: Macmillan, 1952. P. 120, 120n),     :  ,      ,     ,      ;  ,     ,       ,      :     ,                ,   ,    ,           ,                  ;  [] ,      :      ; ,         ,     (Acton. History of Freedom. P. 58 [.   . . 99-100]).].

  ,          , -,  ,       ,              : ,            [111 -             (    ),      ,        XIX .       (., : Osborn H.F. From the Greeks to Darwin:An Outline of the Development of the Evolution Idea. New York: McMillan and Co., 1894. P. 87),     .  ,     ,           .   ,         , , ,    .].  ,     ,       ,      [112 - .: Lovejoy .. Monboddo and Rousseau [1983] // Modern Philology. 1933. Vol. 30. P. 275-296; : Idem. Essays in the History of Ideas. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1948. P. 38-61.];             ,        [113 - ,  ,           ,         ,     . .       ,  2  1786 :         ;   ,  ,                ,       ,       ;    ,    ,    ,    ,       , ,    (Jones W. Third Anniversary Discourse // Asiatic Researches. 1786. Vol. I. P. 422; : Idem. Works. London: Printed for John Stockdale, Piccadilly, and John Walker, Paternoster Row, 1807. Vol. 3. P. 34).                 ,       ,     : Stewart D. Lectures on Political Economy [1809-1810] // The Collected Works of Dugald Stewart. Edinburgh, 1856. Vol. 9. P. 422-424.               (Ethics. 1958. Vol. 68).               ,  Edinburgh Review.   ,       ,   ,           ?],         ,       . ,      ,    ,          ,       ,   ,       ,      ,              ,         .          ,        ,       ,   ,      .



4.        ,         .

      ,        ,     ,   ,        ,    ,      ,          ,          ,   ,  ,        ,        ,     .         ,    ,          ,         .       ,       ,     ,          (     ).  ,            . ,     ,   ,  ,       , ,      (    )  ,   ,      ,    [114 - Tucker J. The Elements of Commerce [1755] ft Idem. A Selection from his Economic and Political Writings / Ed. by R.L. Schuyler. New York: Columbus University Press, 1931. P. 92.].          ,  ,    ,   [115 - To,     ,     ,      ,     ,            :  ,        ,       ,          ,         ;          ,    .       ,          (security),     ,                 ,      ,          (Smith. Wealth of Nations. Bk. 4. Ch. 5. Vol. 2. P. 42-43 [.  . . 517]). .:   ,     ,                      (Cooke .A. Adam Smith and Jurisprudence // Law Quarterly Review. 1935. Vol. 51. . 328);   : Cropsey J Polity and Economy: An Interpretation of the Principles of Adam Smith. The Hague: M. Mjhof, 1957. ,       ,     ,     ,    ,   ,    ,     ,        (Montesquieu. The Spirit of the Laws. Yol. 1. P. 25 [.   . . 31]). . :         ,      ,  ,                  [Hume D. That Politics May Ne Reduced to a Science I I Hume. Essays. Vol. 1. P. 99 [ .  ,      //  . :  2 . .: , 1996. . 2. . 491]).  : Aber nun kommt die Natur dem verehrten, aber zur Praxis ohnm?chtigen allgemeinen, in der Vernunft gegr?ndeten Willen, und zwar gerade durch jene selbsts?chtigen Neigungen, zu H?lfe, so, dass es nur auf eine gute Organisation des Staats ankommt (die allerdings im Verm?gen der Menschen ist), jener ihre Kr?fte so gegen einander zu richten, dass der Erfolg f?r die Vernunft so ausf?llt, als wenn beide gar nicht da w?ren, und so der Mensch, wenn gleich nicht ein moralisch-guter Mensch, dennoch ein guter B?rgers zu sein gezwungen wird [  ,    , ,    ,           ,        (       ) ,     ,         ,   ] [Kant I. Zum ewigen Frieden:Ein philosophischer Entwurf// Idem. Werke / Ed. by Weischedel W. Wiesebaden: Insel-Verlag. 1956-1964. Vol. 6. P. 223-224 [ .   //  .  :  8 . .: , 1994. . 7. . 32]).].    ,  ,  ,  ,     ,      ,      [116 - Bentham J. Theory of Legislation / 5


 ed. London: Trubner, 1887. P. 48.].         laissez-faire[117 -  ,           ,      ,    ,     .. [       . . .], ,     ,                [118 - .: MacGregor D.H. Economic Thought and Policy. London: Oxford University Press, 1949. P. 54-89; Robbins L. The Theory of Economic Policy in English Classical Political Economy. London: Macmillan, 1952. P. 42-46.].       ,           - ,     ,              [119 - Burke E. Thoughts and Details on Scarcity // Burke. Works. Vol. 7. P. 398.].  ,           ,         laissez-faire;   ,       ,     .

            .                     .  , , ,                     ,         [120 - ., ,    .  (Hume D. On the Independency of Parliament // Hume. Essays. Vol. 1. P. 117-118 [ . :  2 . M.: , 1965. T. 2. . 593]):      , ,             ,      ,         ,     (-,     :             (Machiavelli  Discorsi, I, 3 [. .       //  . : . M.: -; : , 2001. . 132]))..:   ,      ,        (Price R. Two Tracts on Civil Liberty, the War with America, and the Debts and Finances of the Kingdom. London, 1778. P. 11). .   : Hayek F.A. Individualism and Economic Order. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1948. P. 11-12 [ ..    . M.: , 2000. . 31-33].]




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/fridrih-hayek/konstituciya-svobody/)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


Sidney A. Discourses Concerning Government. London: Printed and are to be sold by booksellers of London and Westminster, 1698. P. 142.




2


   ,   (, II. 36.4-37.3 [ .. ]).




3


 ,    ,    ,      ,  ,       ,  -      .      ,        .

    ,   ,           -           , ,  ,      .




4


,                 ,    ,    (Sidgwick . The Elements of Politics. London: Macmillan, 1891).     ,     ,      ,     ,    .




5


 ,     ,     ,   1885  ,        ,     ,         ,     (Montague F.G. The Limits of Individual Liberty. London: Rivingtons, 1885. P. 16).




6


Watkins F.M. The Political Tradition of the West: A Study in the Development of Modern Liberalism. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1948. P. x.




7


   .: Kuhn . Herrschaft der Experten? An den Grenzen der Demokratie. W?rzburg: Werkbund-Verlag, 1961,     ,     . [         ,        1971  (HayekF.A. von. Die Verfassung der Freiheit. T?bingen: J.C.B. Mohr Verlag, 1971)        (Idem. The Constitution of Liberty: The Definitive Edition / Ed. Ronald Hamowy // The Collected Works of F.A. Hayek. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2011. Vol. 17). .]




8


 ,    ,   T.           :            ,       ,     ,       ,      ,        ,             ,   ,                      (The Political Thought of Samuel Taylor Coleridge / Ed. by R.J. White. London: Jonathan Cape, 1938. P. 235-236).




9


.:    ,    (      : James . The American Scene: Together with Three Essays from Portraits of Places. New York: Charles Scribners Sons, 1946. P. xviii);    ,       ( . The Structure of Freedom. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1958. P. 19;      ,       ). . :       ,       (Burke . Reflections on the Revolution in France // Idem. Selected works / Ed. by Ed.J. Payne. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1874. Vol. 2. P. 122 [ .     . London: Overseas Publications Interchange Ltd., 1992. C. 183-184]).




10


.:  ,        . <>         ,   .     ,     ,  ,   . <>    . <>       . <.>         

('Whitehead A.N. Adventure of Ideas. New York: New American Library, 1955. P. 73).




11


Becker C.L. New Liberties for Old. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1941. P. 4.




12


 ,            ,   1742        , ,      ,           ,         ,                 (Hume D. Of Moral Prejudices // Hume. Essays. Vol. 2. P. 371, 373).




13


Wordsworth W. The Excursion: Being a Portion of The Recluse; A Poem. London: Printed for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, 1814. Pt. 2. P. 62.




14


Phillips .. On the Nature of Progress // American Scientist. 1945. Vol. 33. P. 255.




15


The Writings of Abraham Lincoln / Ed. by A.B. Lapsley. New York: G.P. Putnams Sons, 1905. Vol. 7. P. 121. .   :  ,              ,   .       ,     ;     ,    ;        ;                 (Montesquieu. Spirit of the Laws. P. 149 [..   . . 136]).




16


-,        freedom  liberty,       .     , ,  liberty   .            . ,         (freedom from want) (Robinson J. Private Enterprise or Public Control. London: Association for Education in Citizenship, 1943).




17


 ,          ,     :   (Cranston . Freedom: A New Analysis. New York: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1953),     ,    ,          .        . ,       : Adler . The Idea of Freedom: A Dialectical Examination of Conceptions of Freedom. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1958,        : Ofstad . An Inquiry into the Freedom of Decision. Oslo: Norwegian University Press; Stockholm: Svenska bokforlaget, 1961.




18


.  , 1.2.8 (982b):    ,     ,     [ .. ],      : Daher kam ich der Meinung derer nahe, es sei f?r die Freiheit genug, da? das Geschehen dem Zwange nicht unterworfen ist, wenngleich es der Notwendigkeit untersteht [     ,  ,      ,     ] [Leibniz G. I/K ?ber die Freiheit // Leibniz G.W. Philosophische Werke: Hauptschriften zur Grundlegung der Philosophie / Ed. by A. Buchenau and E. Cassirer. Leipzig: Verlag der D?rrschen Buchhandlung, 1906. Vol. 2. P. 497 [. .     //  . :  4 . .: , 1982. T. 1. . 312]). .:              ,    ,     (.Bentham J. The Limits of Jurisprudence Defined: Being Part Two of an Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation / Ed. by C.W. Everett. New York: Columbia University Press, 1945. P. 59). . : Der negative Status (status liberatatis) [ ] (Jellinek G. System der subjektiven ?ffentlichen Rechte. T?bingen: Verlag von J.C.B. Mohr, 1905. Ch. 8. P. 94-114); Freiheit bedeutet je den Gegensatz zum Zwang, der Mensch ist frei, wenn er nicht gezwungen handelt [   ;  ,      ] (Schlick . Fragen der Ethik. Vienna: J. Springer, 1930. P. 110);                  (Knight F.H. The Meaning of Freedom // The Philosophy of American Democracy / Ed. by C.M. Perry. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1943. P. 75),              (Knight F.H. The Meaning of Freedom // Ethics. 52. 1941. P. 86-109)   :    (Knight F.H. Conflict of Values: Freedom and Justice // Goals of Economic Life / Ed. by A. Dudley Ward. New York: Harper, 1953);      -     ,  ,       . <>     ,        (Neumann FL. The Democratic and the Authoritarian State: Essays in Political and Legal Theory. Glencoe, IL: The Free Press, 1957. P. 202);    ,          

( . The Structure of Freedom. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1958. P. 94).




19


      (civil liberty)        ,      ,    ,   ,   ,  ,   ,    .     (political liberty)    ,        (inner liberty),   ,     ,   .      ,        .




20


.:                (Barker . Reflections on Government. London: Oxford University Press, 1942. P. 1-2).   ,       free (),     : Frei hiess urspr?nglich derjenige, der nicht sch?tz- und rechtlos war [      ] (Necket G. Adel und Gefolgschaft: Ein beitrag zur germanischen altertumskunde // Beitr?ge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur. [1916.]  41.  c. 403). . : Schrader . Sprachvergleichung und Urgeschichte: Linguistisch-historische Beitr?ge zur Erforschung des indogermanischen Altertums / 3


 ed. Jena: H. Costenoble, 1906-1907. Yol. 2. Pt. 2: Die Urzeit. 1907. P. 294; Waas A. Die alte deutsche Freiheit. Ihr wesen und ihre geschichte. Munich; Berlin: R. Oldenburg, 1939. P. 10-15. ,  liber   eleutheros, -,   ,    .     ,         . . :         ,      ,       . ,     ,         ,      ,    ,        

(Benedict R.F. Primitive Freedom // Atlantic Monthly. 1942. 169. P. 760).




21


Historisch ist die Begriffsentwicklung aber so verlaufen, da? erst das Vorhandensein von Unfreien, von Sklaven, bei den anderen das Gef?hl der Freiheit weckte [    , ,    ,     ] (Pohtenz . Griechische Freiheit: Wesen und Werden eines Lebensideals. Heidelberg: Quelle und Meyer, 1955).




22


.:   ,  , , , ,        -,          ,  .          .          ,      ,      ,  .      - ,        ,       (Green .. Lectures on the Principles of Political Obligation [1895] / New impr. London: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1911. P. 3). . :    .           (Mises L. von. Socialism / New ed. New Heaven: Yale University Press, 1951. P. 191 [ . . . M.: Catallaxy, 1993. . 128]),               (Ibid. . 194 [ . . 129]).




23


.:           ,     ,     (freeing himself)     (regaining his liberty),        (Knight F.H. Review: The Meaning of Freedom // Ethics. 1941-1942. Vol. 12. P. 93).   , ,  ,  -      ,      .




24


,       (free)           (, ,      ) ,    -.  (devoid)   (lacking)      -    .

     ( ),     -   .   ,  -   ,    (free of vermin, of impurities, or of vice),        - .  ,    ,      ,        ,  ,     -  .        ,    ,         (.: Cranston . Freedom: A New Analysis. New York: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1953. P. 5). .             :         .       ,      ,         ,      .            ,      ,     ,     ,  ,     铻 [Benn S.I., Peters R.S. Social Principles and the Democratic State. London: Allen and Unwin, 1959. P. 112).




25


    (freedom)         (liberty)      ,   ,    :            (, 6.3 (1317b) [ .. ]).




26


   ,        ,   ,       ; ,    ,  (Laski H.J. Liberty in the Modern State / New ed. London: Allen and Unwin, 1948. P. 6).    ,       ,          ,  ,     ,    ,     (Kelsen . Foundations of Democracy // Ethics. 1955. Vol. 66. 1. Pt. 2. P. 94).




27


Mims E., jr. The Majority of the People. New York: Modern Age Books, 1941. P. 170.




28


.: ,      , -,   ,  ,     , ,  ,      Montesquieu. Spirit of the Laws. Vol. 1. P. 150 [.   . . 288]).

. :          ,     ,   ;   ,              (holme J.L. de. The Constitution of England, or, An Account of the English Government: In Which It Is Compared Both with the Republican Form of Government, and the Other Monarchies in Europe [1784] / New ed. London: G.G. and J. Robinson, 1800. P. 240).

.  ,    2  5   7.




29


     ,       :         , ,      ,  :     ,      -     ;      ,        .     ,    ,  ;    ,           ;       ,        ,   .       ,     ,     (James W. Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human Nature. New York: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1902. P. 314 [ .   . M.: , 1993. . 248]).




30


  ,     ,      . .   : Naumann F. Das Ideal der Freiheit. Berlin-Sch?neberg: Hilfe, 1908. P. 5.  : Freiheit ist in erster Linie ein nationaler Begriff. Das soll hei?en: Lange ehe man ?ber die Freiheit des einzelnen Volksgenossen stritt und nachdachte, unterschied man freie und unfreie V?lker und St?mme [       .  ,   ,            ,          ].      : Die Geschichte lehrt, da? der Gesamtfortschritt der Kultur gar nicht anders m?glich ist als durch Zerbrechung der nationalen Freiheit kleiner V?lker [ ,            ]  Es ist kein ewiges Recht der Menschen, von Stammesgenossen geleitet zu werden. Die Geschichte hat entschieden, da? es f?hrende Nationen gibt und solche, die gef?hrt werden, und es ist schwer, liberaler sein zu wollen, als die Geschichte selber ist [        .   ,      ,      ,   ] (. 13).




31


              ,  libertas  necessitate (  )  libertas a coactione (  ).




32


Wootton . Freedom under Planning. London: Allen and Unwin, 1945. P. 10.           ()       (Le Philosophe ignorant),     : ?tre vritablement libre, cest pouvoir. Quand je peux faire ce que je veix, voil? ma libert廠[      .     ,   ,   ] (Jouvenel . de. De la souverainete, a la recherche dn bien politique. Paris: M.T. Genin, 1955. P. 315). -,            ,    (  4)        . [   1971  :         ,    (  4)      .       ,      , -,    . .]




33


.:    ,      .        ,  ,   ,   -   . <>  ,     ,         (Drucker . The End of Economic Man: A Study of the New Totalitarianism. London: William Heinemann, 1939. P. 74-75). To,          ,     (Wilson W. The New Freedom: A Call for the Emancipation of the Generous Energies of a People. New York: Donbleday, Page, and Co., 1913, .,  , . 26).          . ,     ,                  ,           ,     (GruchyA.Gr. The Economics of the National Resources Committee // American Economic Review. 1939. Vol. 29. P. 70).




34


       ,     :  (liberty)   ,       (freedom)    (Corwin E.S. Liberty against Government: The Rise, Flowering, and Decline of a Famous Juridical Concept. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1948. P. 7).




35


    ,            coerce () :        ,    (The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1933. Vol. 1).




36


Russell B. Freedom and Government // Freedom: Its Meaning / Ed. by R.N. Anshen. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1940. P. 251.




37


Hobbes T. Leviathan; or, The Matter, Forme, and Power of a Commonwealth, Ecclesiasticall and Civil / Ed. by M. Oakeshott. Oxford: B. Blackwell, 1946. P. 84 [ T. . M.: , 2001. C. 89].




38


Commons J.R. The Legal Foundation of Capitalism. New York: Macmillan, 1924.  . . 2-4.




39


Dewey J. Liberty and Social Control // Social Frontier. November 1935. Vol. 2. P. 41-42.

. :      ,   ,   (   )     (Dewey J. Force and Coercion // Ethics. 1916. Vol. 23. P. 362);               (Ibid. . 364).       ,         :   [     ,  ]     ,        ,           .         ,   :       ,       ,   ,   ,     -  .     ,           ,   ,   .      (Fosdick D. What is Liberty? A Study in Political Theory. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1939. P. 91).




40


Dewey J. Experience and Education. New York: Macmillan, 1938. P. 74. .  :Sombart W. Der moderne Kapitalismus. Leipzig: Duncker und Humblot, 1902. Vol. 2. P. 43 [ .  . .:  . ; - - ..   ., 1905. . 38],  ,  Technik ()   die Entwicklung zur Freiheit ( ).     .: Zschimmer E. Philosophie der Technik: Yom Sinn der Technik nnd Kritik des Unsinns iiber die Technik. Jena: Eugen Diedrichs, 1914. P. 86-91.




41


.:        ,         (Perry .. Liberty in a Democratic State // Freedom: Its Meaning / Ed. by R. Anshen. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1940. P. 269).     ,   ,           (Waldo D. The administrative State. New York: Ronald Press Co., 1948. P. 73)         (Hale R.L. Freedom through Law: Public Control of Private Governing Power. New York: Columbia University press, 1952. P. 73).




42


      : Gabor A., Gabor D. An Essay on the Mathematical Theory of Freedom // Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. 1954. Ser. A. Vol. 117. P. 32.    ,      ,        ,  ,        ,      ,      ,   .




43


.:       ,      (Acton J. Lectures on Modern History. London: Macmillan, 1906. P. 10);     , , ,   ,        ,        (Malinowski . Freedom and Civilization. New York: Roy Publishers, 1944. P. 47). . : Knight F.H. Freedom as Fact and Criterion // Freedom and Reform: Essays in Economics and Social Philosophy / Ed. by F.H. Knight. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1947. P. 4If.; Cropsey J. Polity and Economy: An Interpretation of the Principles of Adam Smith. The Hague: M. Nijhoff, 1957. P. XI; Bronfenbrenner M. Two Concepts of Economic Freedom // Ethics. 1955. Vol. 65. P. 157-170.




44


   ()   ()       ,       . . : Green .. Liberal Legislation and Freedom of Contract [1880] // The Works of T.H. Green / Ed. by R.L. Nettleship. London: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1888. Vol. 3. P. 365-386. ,      ,       . .: Berlin I. Two Concepts of Liberty: An Inaugural Lecture Delivered Before the University of Oxford on 31 October 1958. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1958 [. .    //  .  : . M.:   , 2001];           ,  ,       ,                 ,  , ,    (Rossiter . Toward an American Conservatism // Yale Review. 1955. Vol. 44. P. 361).




45


Westermann W.L. Between Slavery and Freedom // American Historical Review. 1945. Vol. 50. P. 216.




46


,   ,    ,        (.: Jones J.W. The Law and Legal Theory of the Greeks: An Introduction. London: Oxford University Press, 1956. P. 282).




47


.   :       ,               (Freedom and Reform: Essays in Economics and Social Philosophy / Ed. by F.H. Knight. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1947. P. 193-194). .        ,        3   1.




48


.: Ihering R. von. Law as a Means to an End / Trans, by I. Husik. Boston: Boston Book Co., 1913. P. 241-242; Weber M. Essays in Sociology. New York: Oxford University Press, 1946. P. 78 [ M.      //  .  . .: , 1990. . 645] (    ,          !  ( )     ); Malinowski . Freedom and Civilization. New York: Roy Publishers, 1944. P. 265 (     ,     ); Clark J.M. Social Control of Business / 2


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49


Whitehead A.N. Introduction to Mathematics. London: Williams and Norgate, 1911. P. 61.        : Hayek F.A. Essays on Individuality / Ed. by F. Morley. Philadelphia: University if Pennsylvania Press, 1958. P. 183-204.




50


.: ,       .        , , ,       .   ,    ,       ,   ,    . ,   ,   ,     - ;      ,            ;       ,      (Ferguson A. An Essay on the History of Civil Society. Edinburgh: Printed for A. Millar and T. Caddel in the Strand, and A. Kincaid, and J. Bell, Edinburgh, 1767. P. 279 [< .    . .: , 2000. . 265]).




51


.:      ,           , ,    .        3000 ,       .      , ,    ,   ?   ,   ,    ,    (Polanyi . The Logic of Liberty: Reflections and Rejoinders. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1951. P. 199).




52


White L.A. Mans Control over Civilization: An Anthropocentric Illusion // Scientific Monthly. 1948. Vol. 66. P. 238; : Idem. The Science of Culture: A Study of Man and Civilization. New York: Farrar, Strauss, and Co., 1949. P. 337, 342.




53


.: Ryle G. Knowing How and Knowing That // Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society. 1946. Vol. 46; cp. : Polanyi M. Personal Knowledge: Towards a Post-critical Philosophy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1958 \ M.  . M.: , 1985].




54


.   :  ,    (Ramsey F.P. The Foundations of Mathematics. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1931. P. 287 [ ..  //  .  . : -  -, 2003. . 213]).




55


     .      :  F.A. tiber den Sinn sozialer Institutionen // Schweizer Monatshefte. October 1956. P. 512-524;  ,    ,      .  :         ,          ( F.A. Individualism and Economic Order. London; Chicago, 1948 [ ..    . .: , 2000]). .    :    :         ,      (Boswell J The Life os Samuel Johnson, LL. D. /2


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56


Santillana G. de. The Crime of Galileo. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1955. P. 34-35.     -:      ,     -. [   : Schiller F.C.S. Spenser Herbert II Encyclopedia Britannica / 11


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. :           ,   ,        ,     ,      (Popper .R. On the Sources of Knowledge and Ignorance II Proceedings of the British Academy. 1960. Vol. 46. P. 69);           ? ,      ,       .  ,      ,    ,              ,         .      .         ,       ,  ,   .             (Weaver W. A Scientist Ponders Faith // Saturday Review. January 1959. 3. P. 9).




57


.:     ;        .                       ,        (Barnett H.G. Innovation: The Basis of Cultural Change. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1953. P. 53, 65).




58


.:    .       ,    ,     ,   ,     .         .  ,        ,     ,      .  -  ,    ,         .   ,              .       ,     ,    .      ,            ;        ,   ,     ,      ,          , -,        (Lewis W.A. The Theory of Economic Growth. London: Allen and Unwin, 1955. P. 148, 172).




59


   ,   ,   ,   . ,  ,      ,     (Maitland F.W. The Collected Papers of Frederic William Maitland, Downing Professor of the Laws of England. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1911. Vol. 1. P. 107). . :            ,  .    ,        ,    .   ,        ,  ,  ,                 ,  . ,  , ,     ,      .      ,   ,  ,          ,      (Kline .., Martin N.H. Freedom, Authority and Decentralization // Harvard Business Review. 1958. Vol. 36.  c. 70).

. :     ,       ,   ,      .    ,        ,  ,         ,   [Sumner W.G. Speculative Legislation II Idem. The Challenge of Facts and Other Papers. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1914. P. 215).

     ,   (ignorance),     .   , ,        ,     ,            ,    ,      .   , ,   ,          , , ,   - , ,        ,    .     . ,            ,       ,         ,    .




60


.:      ,       (Wheeler J.A. A Septet of Sibyls: Aids in the Search for Truth // American Scientist. 1956. Vol. 44. P. 360).




61


.   :       ,       (. : Taton . Reason and Chance in Scientific Discovery. London: Hutchinson, 1957. P. 91).




62


.:         ,       .       ,   ,  ,              ,       .                , ,    ,      ,        (Lerner .. The Backward-leaning Aproach to Controls ft Journal of Political Economy. 1957. Vol. 65. P. 441).




63


.:     ,  ,          (Dickinson L. Justice and Liberty: aPolitical Dialogue. London: J.M. Dent, 1908. E.g. P. 129, 131),   ,             ,    .      ,                      ,      . ,       ,      (Eashdall . The Philosophical Theory of Property // Property; Its Duties and Rights: Historically, Philosophically, and Religiously Regarded / Ed. by Ch. Gore, L.T. Hobhouse; new ed. New York: Macmillan, 1915. P. 61-62). . :       ,     ,      .     -  ,    (Kline .., Martin N.H. Freedom, Authority and Decentralization M Harvard Business Review. 1958. Vol. 36. P. 69).




64


    (formation),      ,    , .  :  F.A. The Counter-Revolution of Science: Studies on the Abuse of Reason. Glencoe, II: Free Press, 1952. P. 83 [.[ ..  . M.: , 2003. . 79].




65


.: Hayek F.A. Degrees of Explanation // British Journal for the Philosophy of Science. 1955. Vol. 6. P. 209-225, : Idem. Studies in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1967. P. 3-21. . : Hayek F.A. The Theory of the Complex Phenomena//The Critical Approach to Science and Philosophy: Essays in Honor of Karl R. Popper/ Ed. by M.A. Bunge. New York: Free Press of Glencoe, 1964. P. 332-349.




66


.: Director A. The Parity of Economic Market Place // Conference on Freedom and the Law, May 7, 1953. University of Chicago Law School Conference Series. 13. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1953. P. 16-25.




67


.: Hayek F.A The Road to Serfdom. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1944. Ch. 7 [ ..   . M.:  , 2005. . 7].




68


.:     ,           .      ,   ,     ,  ,  ,       (Popper .. The Open Society and Its Enemies. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1950.  c. 195 [ K.P.     . .: ;  , 1992. T. 1. . 248]).




69


.: Retz J.F. de. Mmoires du Cardinal de Retz de Guy-Joli, et de la duchesse de Nemours, contenant ce qui sest pass de remarquable en France pendant les premi?res annes du r?gne de Louis XIV / Nouvelle dition. Paris: Chez tienne Ledoux, 1820. Vol. 2. P. 497 [ .. de. . M.: ; , 1997. . 419],     , ,     : On ne montait jamais si haut que quand on ne sait o? lon va.         XVIII      (Hume D. Whether the British Government Inclines More to Absolute Monarchy, or to a Republic // Hume. Essays. Vol. 1. P. 124),   (Ferguson A. An Essay on the History of Civil Society. Edinburgh: Printed for A. Millar and T. Caddel in the Strand, London, and A. Kincaid and J. Bell, Edinburgh, 1767. P. 187 [ A.    . .: , 2000. . 189-190]),    (.: Forbes D. Scientific Whiggism // Cambridge Journal. 1954. Vol. 7. P. 654).      .  (Dicey. Law and Public Opinion. P. 231).            : Man geht nie weiter, als wenn man nicht mehr weiss, wohin man geht [    ,   ,  ] (Goethe J.W. Maximen, Reflexionen: Goethes Aufs?tze zur Kultur-, Theater- und Literatur- Geschichte. Leipzig: Inselverlag, 1913. Vol. 2. P. 626). Cm.   : Homo non intelligendo fit Omnia [   ] (Vico G. Opr di Giambattista Vico, ordinate ed illustrate collanalisi storica della mente di Vico in relazione alia scienza della civilt? / Ed. by G. Ferrari; 2


 ed. Milan: Societ? Tipolog. de Classici Italiani, 1852-1854. Vol. 5. P. 183).        ,  ,                 ,       .

           .: Hayek F.A. Grundtatsachen des Fortschritts // Ordo. 1957. Vol. 9. P. 19-42.




70


Bury J.B. The Idea of Progress: An Inquiry into its Origin and Growth. London: Macmillan and Co., 1920. P. 2.




71


Cp.: Mill J.B. Representative Government // Idem. On Liberty and Considerations on Representative Government / Ed. by R.B. McCallum. Oxford: B. Blackwell, 1946. P. 121 [ ..    . : , 2006. . 4-5].




72


.:   ,      ;           ,       (Ferguson A. History of Civil Society. Edinburgh: Printed for A. Millar and T. Caddel in the Strand, London, and A. Kincaid and J. Bell, Edinburgh, 1767. P. 12 [ .    . M.: , 2000. . 40]).       ,           ,  ,     (Roscher W. Ansichten der Volkswirthschaft aus dem geschichtlichen Standpunkte. Leipzig; Heidelberg: C.F. Winter, 1861. P. 408-409);         ,         ! [      . .]




73


      ,            ,         .




74


.:    ,    .     (Kroeber A.L. Configurations of Cultural Growth. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1944). [   : Kroeber A.L. Anthropology. New York: Harvourt, Brace and Company, 1923. P. 133. .]




75


.:  ,       ,            .     -  ,          , ,   ,    .      ;     .    , ,    , ,      ,      ,     ,   ,           .        :   ,     .     ,       (Bury J.B. The Idea of Progress. London: Macmillan and Co., 1920. P. 236-237).




76


.: Popper K.R. The Poverty of Historicism. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1957 [ E.  . M.:   ; VIA, 1993],   : Hayek F.A. The Counter-Revolution of Science: Studies in the Abuse of Reason. Glencoe, IL: Free Press, 1952 [[ ..  . M.: , 2003].




77


    :      ,    , , ,    (Langmuir I. Freedom, The Oportnnity To Profit from the Unexpected I I Research Laboratory Bulletin. 1956. Fall. P. 4).




78


.: Polanyi M. The Logic of Liberty: Reflections and Rejoinders. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1951. P. 76,           ,  , ,   : -,       ,      ,   - ;         ,  ,        ,      .        ,           .       ,      ,       .  ,        ,       ,         .      ,              (Bailey S. Essays on the Formation and Publication of Opinions, and on Other Subjects. London: Printed for R. Hunter, 1821. P. iv-v).




79


Smith. Wealth of Nations. Vol. 1. P. 83 [.  . . 132]. .     ,   1848   ,           ,         ,             (Mill. Principles. . 749 [. . . 766-767]). ,    ,                  ,     ,       .




80


Tarde G. Social Laws: An Outline of Sociology / Trans, by H.C. Warren. New York: Macmillan, 1907. P. 194.




81


  ,      ,    ,      , .:  F.A. The non Sequitur of the Dependence Effect //The Southern Economic Journal. April 1961. Vol. 27. P. 346-348.




82


.:           ,           (Hume D. The Rise and Progress of the Arts and Sciences // Hume. Essays. Vol. 1. P. 184 [ .        //  . :  2 . .: , 1996. . 2. . 548]).




83


.   : The Dynamic Society // Times Literary Supplement. 1956. February 24. P. 109-111 (    ); The Secular Trinity // Times Literary Supplement. 1956. December 28. P. 773-775.




84


.:       .      - ,               -,          [Boutding .. Principles of Economic Policy. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1958. P. 94).




85


.:        ,     ,  ,  ,       ,      ,      .                      ,                  .        ,      (Wallich .. Conservative Economic Policy // Yale Review. 1956. Vol. 46. P. 67).




86


. ,             :   ,     ,           .    ,      ,         ,  .        ,      .       ,           (Clark J. Hunza: Lost Kingdom in the Himalayas. New York: Funk and Wagnalls, 1956. P. 266).




87


         : Ethics. 1958. Vol. 68. . 229-245. Tocqueville. Democracy in America. Vol. 1. Ch. 14. P. 246-247 [.   . . 1. . 2. . 6. . 189]. . :  ,     ,     ,       ,   (Ibid. Vol. 2. Ch. 2. . 96. [ . . 373]). . :       ,   ,         ,     ,      ,         .       ;     ,      ,      ,          ,      ,               (Hume D. The Rise and Progress of the Art and Sciences I I Hume. Essays. Vol. 1. P. 185 [ .        //  . :  2 . .: , 1996. . 2. . 549]). .    : 11.1.2 ( 19   ).




88


  -: Du dix-huiti?me si?cle e de la rvolution, taient sortis deux fleuves: le premier conduisant les hommes aux institutions libres, tandis que le second les menant au pouvoir absolu [XVIII        :     ,       ]. .    :   []       ,   ;   []    ,    (May Th.E. Democracy in Europe. London: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1877. Vol. 2. P. 334). . : Ruggiero G. de. The History of European Liberalism / Trans, by R.G. Collingwood. London: Oxford University Press, 1927. P. 12, 71  81.        .: Faguet . Le Libralisme. Paris: Socit fran?aise dimprimerie et de librairie, 1902. P. 307,  Da? die Franzosen trotz aller Begeisterung f?r die Freiheit doch immer nur die Gleicheit gekannt haben, nie die Freiheit [,        ,        ] (Treitschke . von. Die Freiheit [1861]. Leipzig: Indel B?cherei, 1912. P. 12).




89


      ,     ,                          (Groethuysen . Rationalism // Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences. New York: Macmillan Company, 1930-1935. Vol. 13. P. 113). . : Oakeshott M. Rationalism in Politics // Cambridge Journal. 1947. Vol. 1. P. 81-98 [ M.    //  .      . .: -, 2002. . 7-37].




90


         ,     -, :  ,             ,      , ,   ,     (Dyke Roberts . van. Boisguilbert: Economist of the Reign of Louis XIV. New York: Columbia University Press, 1935. P. 327n).




91


.: Halvy E. The Growth of Philosophic Rationalism. London: Faber and Gwyer, 1928. P. 17-18. . : Ritter G. Vom sittlichen Problem der Macht. Bern: A. Francke AG. Verlag, 1948. P. 132.




92


.: Talmon J.L. The Origins of Totalitarian Democracy. London: Seeker and Warburg, 1952.        ,          ,  ,           ,         ,       (Kelsen . The Foundations of Democracy // Ethics. 1955. Vol. 66. Pt. 2. P. 95, n. 14).




93


                 1849 ,     : Lieber F. Anglican and Gallican Liberty // The Miscellaneous Writings of Francis Lieber. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1881. Vol. 2. P. 382-383. .  . 385:  ,       ,      , ,           ;             ,    ab ovo       . . : E?to?s J Der Einflu? der herrschenden Ideen der 19. Jahrhunderts auf den Staat. Leipzig: F. A. Brockhaus, 1854 ( . 1, . 38); Mill J. Considerations on Representative Government. London: Parker, Son, and Bourn, 1861. P. 82-84.




94


   ,        ,          .  : Die L?nder, wo der Sieg der Freiheit das hei?t in diesem Falle der gleichen Rechte (!) am vollkommensten ist, sind vom Standpunkt liberaler Romantik die langweiligsten, den in ihnen gibt es keine Freiheitsk?mpfer mehr, h?chstens noch einen gewissen pharis?ischen Stolz denen gegen?ber, die noch nicht so weit sind, und ein gewisses erhabenes Mitleid f?r die Opfer zur?ckgebliebener Zust?nde. So etwa erscheint bisweilen der englische Liberalismus [,    (    )    ,        ,        ,  ,   ,            ,     ,  -     ,     .        ] (Naumann F. Das Ideal der Freiheit. P. 16-17).

                   ,        . .: Labadi J. LAllemagne: A-t-elle le secret de lorganisation? Paris: Biblioth?que de lOpinion, 1916.            .             .




95


   ,     ,   ,       .    -         .: Forbes D. Scientific Whiggism: Adam Smith and John Millar // Cambridge Journal. 1954. Vol. 7. P. 643-670,      :   

( F.A. Individualism, True and False. Dublin: Hodges Figgis, 1946; reprinted in: Idem. Individualism and Economic Order. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1948. P. 1-32 [ .. :    //  .    . .: , 2000. . 18-43]).  ,  ,  ,       ,      .          :  F.A. Freedom, Reason, and Tradition // Ethics. 1958. Vol. 68. P. 229-245.




96


  .    ,       : Sir Mathew Hales Criticism on Hobbes Dialogs on the Common Law // Holdsworth W.S. A History of English Law. London: Methuen, 1924. Vol. 5. P. 504-505.




97


   ,    .    ,      :        ,         (Tocqueville A. de. Journeys to England and Ireland / Ed. and trans. by J.P. Mayer. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1958. P. 13).     ,     ,            .




98


 ,              , .  : Vossler . Die amerikanischen Revolutionsideale in ihrem Yerhaltnis zn den europaischen: untersucht an Thomas Jefferson. Munich: Oldenbonrg, 1929.




99


Talmon J.L. The Origins of Totalitarian Democracy. London: Seeker and Warburg, 1952. P. 2.




100


Ibid. . 71. . : Mumforc L L. Faith for Living. New York: Harconrt, Brace and Co., 1940. P. 64-66,       ,  : Collier D. S., McGovern W.M. Radicals and Conservatives. Chicago: H. Regnery Co., 1958. P. 9-20,         . .        (einseitigen rationalistischen Liberalismus),        (: Untersuchungen. . 207 [.  . . 433]).




101


Ferguson A. An Essay on the History of Civil Society. P. 187 [ .    . M.: , 2000. . 188].




102


[Jeffrey F.] Craigs Life of Millar // Edinburgh Review. 1807. Vol. 9. P. 84.    .    -       ,    ,  ,     (Maitland F. W. Outlines of English Legal History, 5601600 // The Collected Papers of Frederic William Maitland / Ed. by H.A.L. Fisher. Cambridge University Press, 1911. Vol. 2. P. 439).




103


Forbes D. Scientific Whiggism: Adam Smith and John Millar // Cambridge Journal. 1954. Vol. 7. P. 645.             : Evans-Pritchard .. Social Anthropology. London: Cohen and West, 1951. P. 23-25.




104


       :            ,             ,     .      ,          .        ,     ,    ? (Mises L. von. Socialism / New ed. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1951. P. 43 [ . . . M.: Catallaxy, 1994. . 33]).




105


. : Talmon J.L. The Origins of Totalitarian Democracy. London: Seeker and Warburg, 1952. P. 73.




106


.  . II.1.2 [ .. ]; . : 11.21.37 [    , ,         .   ,          ].           ,     : Leoni . Freedom and the Law. Princeton, NJ: D. van Nostrand, 1961. P. 89 [ .   . .: , 2008. . 107-108]. ,   ,   Corpus inris civilis,    ,   : Rationes eorum quae constituuntur inquiri non oportet, alioquin multa ex his quae certa sunt subvertuntur [         ,  ,   ,  ] (Scott 8.. The Civil Law. Cincinnati: Central Trust Co., 1932. Vol. 2. P. 224. [: . . . VI. .]).         ,  ,        . ., ,   ,     ,   ,              ,       ,    (Antiphon. On the Choreutes. Par. 2 // Minor Attic Orators / Ed. by K.J. Maidment. Cambridge. MA: Harvard University Press, 1941. Vol. I. P. 247).




107


Descartes R. A Discourse on Method / Ed. by Everyman. London: Dent, 1912. Pt. 2. P. 11 [ P. :  2 . M.: , 1989. T. 1. . 257].




108


.: Talmon J.L. The Origins of Totalitarian Democracy. London: Seeker and Warburg, 1952. P. 142.              .: Ollier . Le Mirage spartiate: Etude sur lidealisation de Sparte dans lantiquite grecque, de lorigine, jusquaux Cyniques. Paris: E. de Boccard, 1933; Popper K.R. The Open Society and Its Enemies. London: G. Routledge and Co., 1945 [ K.P.     .  2 . M.: ,    , 1992].




109


Sir Mathew Hales Criticism on Hobbes Dialogs on the Common Law // Holdsworth W.S. A History of English Law. London, 1924. Vol. 5. P. 504-505.             .    , ,         (  ),      ,     :                ,    ,     ,       (    )     ,             (  ),        ( . Seventh Report / Ed. by I.H. Thomas, I.F. Fraser. London: J. Bntterworth and Son, 1826. Vol. 4. Pt. 7. P. 6). .   : Per varios nsns experientia legem fecit [     ]. .:  J.G.A. The Ancient Constitution and the Feudal Law. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1957,  :        ,  ,  Per varios usus artem experiential fecit,           Per varios usus Legem experiential fecit.       ,      ,     (Davies J. Les Reports des Cases en Lay. London, 1612 [     Irish Reports]. ).




110


   ,                 ,     (.: Hume. Treatise of Human Nature. Vol. 2. P. 380-468 [.    . . 379-482]).              : . Untersnchungen. Bk. 3 Appendix 8,  . 163-165, 203-204 ., 208 [.  ;      ,  . 414-219,   VIII       ,  . 479-482, 489]. .   ,   (Frazer J.G. Psyches Task. London: Macmillan, 1909. P. 4)      ,         ,    -   (Macbeath A. Experiments in Living: A Study of the Nature and Foundation of Ethics or Morals in the Light of Recent Work in Social Anthropology. London: Macmillan, 1952. P. 120, 120n),     :  ,      ,     ,      ;  ,     ,       ,      :     ,                ,   ,    ,           ,                  ;  [] ,      :      ; ,         ,     (Acton. History of Freedom. P. 58 [.   . . 99-100]).




111


            (    ),      ,        XIX .       (., : Osborn H.F. From the Greeks to Darwin:An Outline of the Development of the Evolution Idea. New York: McMillan and Co., 1894. P. 87),     .  ,     ,           .   ,         , , ,    .




112


.: Lovejoy .. Monboddo and Rousseau [1983] // Modern Philology. 1933. Vol. 30. P. 275-296; : Idem. Essays in the History of Ideas. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1948. P. 38-61.




113


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