.  
  


      ,   - ,           .           ,     .      ,      .    ,    ,   (     ),         .           ,     (, , ).               ,      .





 

.  





 


,    ,     .       ,     ( 2015-  2016-)  .        ,    - ,       . ߠ,      . Ƞ      - ,       .    .  ,    ,  ,    .           .       .       ,      .          .         .

   ,     ,    ,    ,  ,  ,       .  , 蠖   .         .     ,        ,   ,    .           .      蠖     ,      .       ,  ,       ,    .

    ࠖ      ,       .  ,       ,     ,         .   ,    ,    .

        ?     ,           . Ѡ ,    .  ,          .       , ,   ,      ,   ,   ,  ,    ,  ,   .          ,  .         .

  ,      ,      ,   coupling (, ).       ,   .          (meaning),      ,   ,  ,    . Meaning ,    ,     .      ,    , ꠫ ,        .  ,   , ,        .       ,           . ,  ,        ,    ,  .

oupling        ,       .    . Ƞ     ,    .  ,      ,      (.sens).              . Ѡ  ,      :   ,    ,       [1 -  .  . Theatrum philosophicum. ., ; ,  , 1998, .82.].       .   ,  ,   , ,   :    -    ,  ,     .   ,     ,      .   ,     ,  , ,     .  蠖  [2 -     .],      ,     ,      .   ,       : Ӡ   ,       :  , , , ,  .      ,  ,        [3 -  .  , .81.       .].      ,  . ,  ,   ,   . ,   ,        (),     ,   , ,     ..,       .      .

      :          , , ,    ,      ,      -         . <>  ,        ,        ,    ,  ;  ࠖ [4 -  , .141.].

       ,            , ,   ,        .          : 堖   ,         ,    . , ,      ,   ,  ,       ,   -   ,           . 蠖   [5 -  , .144.  .. .].

    ,       ߻,      . ߠ       ,    ,  , ,         ..      ,    ,     .     ,   ,   .          .

           . ,, ,           (      ),           . , ,        ,      (. meaning),      (. sense), ,  , ,   .              .  ,         ,         .  ,       decoupling,   ,  .

ߠ,       ,    ,       ,   .         ,       .        ,              .

,  ,  ,         .      ,  ,       .       ,      .  ,    ,       ,              .   ,       頖     .               ,     .        ,         ,   :  ,      ,   ࠖ   .        ,       . Ƞ,            ,         .       .  ,,      .

    ,             .   ,    ,   ,       .




 I





, ,      ,    ,    ,      ,    .   . ߠ      ,   ,       .

ߠ   .     ࠖ   ,   .     , 堖   .   ,  ,     .  ,       ,           .    ,  ,   ,   ,  media studies  . ,  ,     ,  .       ,         , ,      ,      .

堖  ,   .      , ,  ,     ,     ,     .

 ,     ,     ,      ,    ,  , , , , ,  ..   ,    ,  -   .    ,     , ,   𠖠   ,    .   ,   ,    [6 - Alfred North Whitehead. Process and Reality. New York, The Free Press, 1978, p.226.].     ,   ,   ,         ,     ,   -  :    ,          ,       . ,   ,     , ,     , ,     .             ,   ,    ,        ,  ,  ,     ,             [7 -  .  . .:  .  .  . , , 1999, .416.].






O.Kriszat.  .  : Jacob von Uexk?ll. Streifz?ge durch die Umwelten von Tieren und Menschen, 1934. S.46



          ,  .    ,   -  ,        .  ,    ,    ,   ,   ,    .  ,  . Ƞ        18 .  -       ,    ,    . Ӡ   ,    .     ,   ,       .     ,   ,    ,  ,     ,  .     ,  ,  - [8 - Jakob von Uexk?ll. A Foray into the Worlds of Animals and Humans with ATheory of Meaning. Minneapolis; London, University of Minnesota Press, 2010, p.4446.].

    ,      ,     ,     .     . , ,   .    ,      ,   ,        .

 ,    ,   ,    ,    . Ƞ, ,  ,    ,  ,       : 堖 ,      .       [9 -  .   . .,  , 2013, .410.].     ,    ,       . Ѡ  ,     ,   .          .

 -     .               ,      .  𠖠   ,  .          .   ,   ,   ,  ,    .      ,    .

 1970        [10 - Gilbert Simondon. Communication et Information. Cours et Confrences. Chatou, Les ditions de La Transparence, 2010.],      ,      .     ,        .       ,     .     ,  , ,         .    , ,   ,     .   ?       ,  -    ,      .      .      .   ,      ,  젖  ,     .   ,     .       ,   .

   ࠖ  ,       .    ,      ,  , -    .  ,      蠖 .       ,    .        -     .         .         ;      .

   -  ,    .        ,  ,  ,        ,   , ,   .

       .  ,  𠖠 ,   ,  ,    ,  ,    .  ,        .   ,      ,     . ,     (, ,  ), -     .      ⠖ ,  ,   ,  󠖠   .    , 򠖠   .  , ,    .   , ,     . 򠖠  ,     .     ,      򠖠  . , ,    . ,   Tripedalia cystophora     󠖠󠖠  ,  .    ,   ,   ⠫  ,     .       ,    ,         .         ,     . Ƞ  ,      ,  ,    ,   ,     ,        .

    ,   ,  ,  .   ,   堖  ,    ,   , ,  ,     .   ,     .  ,   ,   ,      ,       ,       .        ,     . Ƞ   .  ,   ,     .  ,     ,   ,  .   ,    - ,    ࠖ ,     ,     .

 ,    , - ,  ,   actual entity    .    ,     ,    ,    .       ()  ,   : 哠  ,               .    ,   ,    .          ,        ,       .   蠄 :     ,    ,   . <>       ,    쓻[11 - ...    . ., , 1990, .297.].  ,  ,    ,     :    ,         ,   .          (feeling).   ,     ,   [12 -  , .298.].

    ,    actual entity.     .        .      .   , , ,    , ,   .      ,      ,         ,        ,       .

   [13 -    ,        ,        (Dorothy Emmet. Whiteheads Philosophy of Organism. Melbourne; Toronto; New York, Palgrave; Macmillan, 1966, p.181).],      .  , , .    1872   Zeitatomen,  , ,       ,    .        ,      .        ,    .     ,      ,   ,       . A  -   Zeitatomen , ,    ,    :   ,  ,   .      .      [14 -  .   , .7. .,  , 2007, .523.].

,           ,         ,  𠖠  ,   ,   ,    .   ,      ,   ,   . ࠖ ,   ,    .    ,      ,     ,     .    ,       .  ,     ,     ,  򠖠       .        ;          ⠫ ;       : ,  ,     ;  , ,   ,   - . , ,   ,   ,    ,    <>.     -   ,   ,      [15 - Emile Brhier. La Thorie des incorporels dans le sto?cisme. Paris, Vrin, 1928, p.12.].

     ,   ,    -  .  ,     . Ѡ  ,    , ,  .   ,      ,        .     ,         ,       .    ,   ,     .

ߠ  ,   ,  ,   .    堖 . Ƞ     ( )     ,  , . ,        .  ,         ,        .          . Ӡ          ,   ,  .

    (     ⠫ )    ?  ,   (   )    ,  .  ,    ,      ,     ,   .   ,      (    ),      ,       ꠖ    .  򠖠     ,    :   [, ],     ,       ,   .  ,      ,    ,     ,    ,    ,     .     蓻[16 -   . .:   .   ,  . ., , 1955, .184.].     eidola. Eidola    ,  .   ,       ,  eidola     .  ,    ,     . , ,  ,   ,         , ,  ,    ,    ,   .

   eidolon   .    ,       , -  . Ӡ   ,  ,   ,     .     ,  eidola    .    . Ѡ  ,        eidola.        .  ,   eidola-   .   ,    ,   ,      .     ,    eidola.   ,   eidola  ,  -   -   ,  ,    .  ,      ,    ,  . Eidola ,       .      - ,      ,      .   ,   ,    .       ,      .

    ,   ,  .    eidola.       , eidolon   ,     - ,      .     ,    , .

       ,  .     -. -    eidola, ,   ,  ,     ,     . ,   ,   image-mati?re,    image-mati?re    , -  .    ,    .     ,     ,       ,    .    .     ,   󠖠   .  .    - . Ѡ ,  :   ,    ,       ,   ,     .  ,    .         ,     . , , ,  򠖠 ,    ,          .         ,       .      - ; 򠖠     .   ,       , ,    ,  :     , ,          ,    ,  ,    ?       , ..     ,     ,    ,      ,  , ,      ,    ?[17 -  .  . .:  .  .  . , , 1999, .620621.]

 . Ѡ ,   .    .    .  ᠖  ,      . ,     (la dure),    ,   ,  ,      .    ?   ,   image-mati?re,  ,   , ,     .   ,   .     .    ,  堖   - , ,    ,  .    ,     .    - ,    , ,     ,     .           ,    ,     .         .

        ,    .   ,    .       ,      ( image-mati?re),   ,    ,   ,  . ,       ,    .          ,    .    :       ,        .   :  ,      ,       .  :  ,   ,   .  ,    .      -  ,  ,               :      ,     .        [18 -  , .439.]. Ƞ      ,      ,    - ,  -      .

,         , ,  -, -, -        ,    .      ,    .       ,  ,       ,     :    ,         ,         ,   ,      ,            ,    ,          ,    养[19 -  .   . , , 1999, .104.]

Ӡ, ,        .     ,      ,      .          .     : ߠ,        ,   . ߠ   , ,   ,      ,        ; , ,  ,      [20 - ... ,   . , , 1999, .10.].

,  , ,     ,    ,          . Ӡ   ,  ,        ,   ,    .        .    ,       ,    :   . ,  -   -,   .      ,       .       .  堖  ,   ,         .     .   ,    ,   .   ,      ,    ,    ,        (     ,  ,  ,  ,  ),       .      . Ƞ    ,        ,    .  ,  ,   -    ,   , ,     .    ,    ,     ,   .           .

  .       ,   .    ,    .      ,   ,  ,    .     , , , ,    .         ,   .        .          .  ,     ,     , Wirkraum,        .   ,             :   ,      90.  ,   ,  -   .        ,     .             :      ,    ;     ,  ,     .        (   ,  )     ,   [21 -  .  .  . ., , 2003, .99.].

   , ,   .     .  :       ,       ,        . ,         ,   .      .   , ,   [22 - Jakob von Uexk?ll. A Foray into the Worlds of Animals and Humans with A Theory of Meaning. Minneapolis; London, University of Minnesota Press, 2010, p.63.].     ,        .     .

 ,  ,      ,      , .   ,      .    ,         .    堖    ,      . Ƞ      ,    ,    .         ,   ,       .

,    ,      -    .     ,       .          ,    ,       ,     ,   ,    ,    .

 ,  ,    .  ,     , , , , ʠ  .   ,      . Ѡ , ,    (  ),    . Ѡ頖     ,        .     ,   .    .        ,   -  ,  ,     , .      ,   ,  -   .         .     , , ,  ..        ,   ,    ..     蠖 ,   .  ,   , ,     .              .     ⠖    ࠖ.

      ,     .        ,      .     .      ,            .   ,   , ,   .    :     ?     ?   XIX     ,    ,     ,     ,           ().       ,      ,     .  -    .   ,  , ,        ,   堖,  .      .      ,     .    ..- 1924          [23 - ..-.   .   . .; ., , 1924.].  ,         .

     ࠖ .   ,    .         ,      ,     .  Mixotricha paradoxa ,        ,      .  ,   ,     ,      ,     .     , ,    .   Mixotricha  ,       ,      .        .

       ,      . Ƞ            蠫 ,   .          .          .    ,      .     ,   ,      ,     .       .

 ,            . Ƞ  ,   ,      .       .       ?       .        .  ,         .     ,    . ,     ,    ,     .      .      ,     .      젖     ,   , ,    . 堖   ,   ,  ,  . Ƞ    ,   ,    ,    ,   (  )  .       .    .     ,  ,        .       ,      . ,    ,  .         ,   .         ,   .    ,    ,    . ,      ,  . Ƞ     . , , .    ,      . Ƞ       ,  ,     ,         .   ,       .       .      .       ,      .        ,    .  ,  -     ,      .

     .      .  ,    .         .  ,  ,  ,  .  ,          par excellence.      , , .       .       .          ,   . Ƞ      .           .    ,      ,       ,       .     ,           [24 - Daniel Cloud. The Domestication of Language: Cultural Evolution and the Uniqueness of the Human Animal. New York, Columbia University Press, 2015, p.102.].        .

     ?      .   ,    ,      ,      . -    ,      (, )   .   堖 ,   -  ,      .       .      .    ,         ,    .

       .       ,     ,         .     頖, ,  .      ,    A.     ,   : , , , .   ,    ,       .     [25 -  .   ( 1). ., , 1994, .81.].    ,    ?    :   .   ,   . ,    ,    .     -  , .  ,  ,  ,     .

    1920?    ,       .  ᠖   ,    ,   . Ƞ ᠖ ,    .  ,     ,  ,      ,  ,   ,  ,    ,   [26 - Bertrand Russell. The Analysis of Mind. Seaside, Oregon, Watchmaker, 2010, p.144.].       [27 - W.V.Quine. Truth by Convention.In: Readings in Philosophical Analysis. Ed. by Herbert Feigl and Wilfrid Sellars. New York, Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1949, p.250273.].  ,      ,           .

         simplexit,     蠖complexit[28 - Alain Berthoz. La Simplexit. Paris, Odile Jacob, 2009.].     .        ; ,   ,  . Ƞ    . ߠ   ,       . Ƞ     ,     .

 , ,      ,      [29 - Jesper Hoffmeyer. Signs of Meaning in the Universe. Bloomington; Indianapolis, Indiana University Press, 1996.].      ,             .    .     ,      ,   ,      . Ƞ         ,   .       .

  XIX     , .         ,    Erkl?ren Verstehen.     ,   .           蠫:         vs  .      , 頖[30 - Georg Henrik von Wright. Explanation and Understanding. London, Routledge& Kegan Paul, 1971, p.2.].           .       ,      ,    ,   .    .      , ,    .       ,  . ߠ,      .    ,    .        , 젖.  堖  ,   - ,          , , ,   ,  . Ƞ   :       ,  堖 ,,      ,     .

     ꠫ .    ,    .  ,    ,  ,      .        .      .      ,    .      . ,   ,     ,    .     ?       .   ,     ,  ,    .         .   ,   ,   -.

  ,   ,         . ,     ,          .  ,     ,        , ,  .      .    . Ѡ ,   ,     .        , ,     .       ,          .       ,  ,    [31 - Daniel Arasse. Leonardo da Vinci. Old Saybrook, Konecky & Konecky, 1998, p.386412.]. Ƞ,    ,   .  ,   ,  ,      ,  ,     .      .     ,   .      ,       (habitus),    ,   .       .     .

   ,    ,   ,    ,   -  .        .      ,  . Ѡ  ,         .      ,   .     .   ,             ,   .

      ,  ,  ,  ,       .  ,    ,      ,           1911.    , ,      .       ,    ,     .        ,        ,   .     ,     .     ,   .     [32 - R.A.Scotti. Vanished Smile. The Mysterious Theft of Mona Lisa. New York, Alfred A. Knopf, 2009, p.70.],    .      ,   ,       .         .






       . 1911. Unknown. The Two Mona Lisas by Walter Littlefield, article from Century Magazine, Vol.87, No.4 (Feb. 1914). Published by The Century Company



          : , ,    ,     (obtus),  ,    ,   ,   .    .   ,   ,          堖 .         ,  ,   ,           - .   .  :  렖   .      .      ,   .      ,         :   ,    ?         .     , ,   ,   - ,     ,    ,      ,    [33 -  .  .     ... .:  , . 2. ., , 1979, .182183.].

 ,  ,   -   .  ,     - .    ,   , ,     ,  ,  , ,      .          .         , , ,  ,   .     -. Ƞࠖ ,        .  ,   ,, ,  .       .        ,   (    8  6,  1000   )   48 ,    ,    16   ,     . 24     ,     .    8  6     1 152 000 000  . Ƞ,     .       ,      .   , ,   ,   ,         .        ,     ,    .     ,      .

 ,      (Umwelt),   .       , , .   ,     ,   .       ,     ,   ,     . ,   ,    .       ,      ,  .      .  ,        .   ,   ;   ,        .    ߠ  .  ,   ,      .         .      ,   ,     ,   .            .   ,     ,             .        ,   .    . Ƞ     .     .    ,     .        .    -  ,    .     .   .    .          ,    .        ,   , .    ,     ,       .    ࠖ ,   .




 II





     ,       ,  .   ,     .   , ,      .     . -      ,       ,  .       . ߠ    ,    ,     .

  ,    ,  .    ,   .   ʠ .     ,    (  ,  ..), ,      . Ѡ           . -     ,   ,    ,  ,         .     ,    .      ,   .        ,  .   ,   : ,   , ,    .   ,   ,   .   ,  ,    ʻ.  ,   ,  ,    . Ƞ      ,     .






 



  ,      .      ,        .  ,            . ,    , ,     ,   ,   ,  ..

ߠ   ,     , , .        .     . ߠ, -       .         : ,     ?           . Ƞ    ,     - ,       ,   ,   .      ,  .     -    ,  . ߠ,      ,       .

 . , ,    ,     .   ,      ,        .      ,   .      ,    ,       ,  image-mati?re. ,          ,  .              ,  .   , , .         򠖠.     .   ࠖ ,    .   .  ,        ,   ,   .        .  ,            ,  ,          .     .      . Ƞ      ,     ,    .      ,    .     ,     .      .






     . : N.Tinbergen. Social Behaviour in Animals. With Special Reference toVertebrates. London; NewYork, Chapman and Hall, 1953, p. 66



      .        .  Trieb Tiere,    ,    . Instinct Tiere   ,     ,   , ,   , .    .      Intelligenz Tiere,  . Ӡ   .

,  ,    , .    .        ,   , ,   .

   ࠖ.   . , ,       ,      .  ,     ,     .     . ,         .        .    ,   , ,     ,          .  ,          ,      [362 - Konrad Lorenz. Studies in Animal and Human Behavior. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 1971.].       (Kindchenschema).






 .    : Konrad Z.Lorenz. The Foundations of Ethology. New York, Springer Science+Business Media, 1981, p. 165



    ,   .      ,  , ,   ࠖ   .    ,  ,    ,        [363 - Konrad Lorenz. The Foundations of Ethology. New York, Springer, 1981, p.164165.].       ,     -     [364 - Stephen Jay Gould. A Biological Homage to Mickey Mouse.In: The Pandas Thumb. London, W.W.Norton & Company, 1980, p.95107.].

,     ,   ,           ,    .      ,   -   .  ,     .   . ,         ,    ,     .              ,   .     ,       .      ,   , ;    ,   .  ,  ,    ,   ,    .       ,   .

    .     ,     ,     ,       .             ࠖ    .     ,    ,   堖 ,      ,     .     .     ,   , ,    ,     .      .   ,      .    .    ,    ,     .

 ,  ,   ,      ,  ,     .  ,   , , ,      .    ,     ,     .    .      . ࠖ ,   , 𠖠,      ,  𠖠  .         ,      ,     .            ,  ,      .      ,  ,      .    .      ,     - ,      ,    ,  ,  .   ,    ࠖ.      .     ,    젖.   ,   . Ƞ     .       .     , , .

- ,        ,     .  ?     ,   ,    .      .   ,    ,      - . Ƞ             .    ,        ,  ,   ,    []      (       priori),            , ,  [365 -  .   .  8, .3. ., , 1994, .489.].  ,       .        .     -,  .   堖.   ,       ,   ,  ,    .           .    ,         . ߠ   .

,    ,       .    -   .         ,    .      .      ,    .   ,     ..      ,        .     蠖  .   ? 蠖     .  ,      , , - ..,     .   ,   12 ,  150? -,         ,        ,      . ,   ,     .   ,  .

,       ,        ,      (Merkzeichen)   (Merkmal).   -  ,     ,   ,    .    ,    .         ,             .      Umwelt.   ,           . Merkmal       .

    ,    .    ,       .       ,    : -   , -.        .       , , , . ,   ,   , ,    .

ߠ   ,    , ,      ,   :     .        .     .       .     ,  Merkzeichen, ,  젖Merkmal.       .      .  ,          .  ,     ?          , ,  ,    .      ,  , ,       .          .      .      .  ,      ,   ,    . 砖  ,  ,     . 䠖     .       .  , ,  ,      ,     ,      .     ,     ,     .      ,     .   ,  ,  ,    ,     ,  ,    ,       ,     : ߠ 󠖠-      ,      .  ,    ,       , speculum mundi.       ,    ,   ,    -,  ,, ,   ,   ,       ?    ,  ,   [366 -  .     (: XI (1964)). ., -, 2004, .8384.].

         ,    .      ,   ,      ,     ,     .   ,  Lanimal que donc je suis.      ,   ,  , ,   .    ,     ,        .        ,       ,      .  ,  ߻     ,   ,   ,  ,  ,   . ߠ 堖 ,  . , ,  , -   .   ?  ,           , ,       cogito[367 - - .  .   . .,, 2004, .283.]. ߠ        ,    .     .      , , . Ƞ     , , ,    .     ,          .   ,   ,    ,   ࠖ. Ƞ       .






  Smerinthus ocellata.   : JohnCurtis. British Entomology. 1840?



,  ,   ,     .    ,   ,  .   occelli   .  ,      , .  ,     ,    . Ƞ       .     , ,   .     :



 Smerinthus ocellata,      ,    ,         .

       . <>      ,  ,   (  ) . Ѡ       .       ,   Caligo,   :  ,    , 㠖 ,          ,       ,  蠖 .   ,          ,    [368 -  .  .  . ., , 2003, .88.].





 Caligo.   : De uitlandsche kapellen: voorkomende in de drie waereld-deelen Asia, Africa en America = Papillons exotiques des trois parties du monde, lAsie, lAfrique et lAmrique, 1779



 ,       ,   . Ƞ    ,        .      , ,   ,      .  ,   ,     ,  ,   :  ,  ,    ,         ,          ,  .    ,       ,  . Ƞ       ,   ,  ,  . ,   ,  堖 ,      ,    . Ƞ   򠖠    , , ,      堖         .   ,   ,     , ,      ,    蠖, ,      ,        ,       ,      ,      [369 -  .    , .111112.].

ߠ,  , ,    ,      ,     .   ,    ,     .             . 젖,  ,  , , - ,         頖.  ,       ,     , , , - ,      .  ,      ,   .     :     :    ,          [370 -  . Camera lucida.  . .,   , 2011, .92.]       .    ,   ,   ,    ,   ,    ,  ,        ,                .

      ,     ,   .     ,       ,     .      Eranos .     ,         ,     .     ,    ,   phaneros:     ,   ,   .   ,     ,   - . ,   -    ,      , ,   .  ,     , ,  , -  .      ,  - ,  ,  .       ,         .              .    ,     ,  ,     .

 ,       ࠖ . Ƞ     .     , Selbstdarstellung,     .       ,   ,  , ,    :  ,   ,     :     ,     ,     .             [371 - Adolf Portmann. Animal Forms and Patterns. A Study of the Appearance of Animals. New York, Schocken Books, 1967, p.117.].    ,    -  .  ,  , ,    ,   .    .         .     蠖 .   .    ,   .   .   .     .       ,           ,       .   ,   ,  .  ,  .    ,  ,   ,      ,     :   . , ,           .    ,  .    ,  ,      .       .     .    .    .     . ࠖ .     ,              .

            . ,      (  38),       . Ƞ       ,       .    ,        . , , ,    .  ,        -.      ,     .   ,      .  -  ,    ,     .      ,    ,       ,   .      ,   .    , -   . Ƞ     38     ,   .           (, ,  ,          ). ,   .   .      ,      . Ƞ      ,   .      .        ,  , ,     .  , ,     .       .

    Big bang  ,    [372 -        : Stephen Jay Gould. Wonderful Life: The Burgess Shale and the Nature of History. New York; London, W.W.Norton &. Company, 1989.].    543 490   .   60  .           .   ,       ,      38  . -    ,    ,      .       .   4  600   .   3  900   .  ,       .    .  1969       ,       ,    ,   .     ,   3           ,     : ,    ,  . 3 򠖠 .

 :    ? , ,       ,   [373 -      : Andrew Parker. In the Blink of an Eye. Cambridge, MA, Perseus, 2003.].     ,      black smockers   .      ,  . , ,        .      ,        .  ,   black smockers   ,        .      .     :  black smockers   ,       .    ,   .   .     . 砖  ,   ,   ,    .  ,  ,     ,   :   , ,    ?         ,   .      :   ,    ,          .       - ,      .     䠖 . Ƞ   ,       .    ,     ,    .      . Ƞ   ,     .   .






. : Picturepest



    ࠖ  .   , ,     : .      . , ,   ,     ,  .    ,    ,  ,      .      ,   ,   .

, , comb jelly,    ,   ,  ,   .    ,      .      ,     . Ƞ      ,    .

 ,       . Ƞ           .       .   ,    . Ӡ   ,           : ,         ,     .             ,   ,    [374 - Adolf Portmann. New Paths in Biology. New York; Evanston; London, Harper& Row, 1964, p.68.].

   ,      ,   .     ,          .    ,  - ,        .   .    ,   ,      .  ,        :     蠄        .       ,     ,   ,      ,          ,        ,     [375 - Ibid., p.69.].       ,   .       ,   ,    .    ,     .        ,  . Ƞ ,     ,           .  -         ,    ,  , ,         ,   .

,   ,          .      /,   . ,     ,       (     ),  .   /    ,   , , ,   ,        .  -,        , :      ,     ,     ,   :      ,   [376 -  -.  . ., , 1992, .14.].  -  ,     ,   .  :     ,    ,  ,        ,        ,      ,        ,         腻[377 -  , .16.]

  ,    ,    .       .           Merkzeichen    ⠫ Merkmal.     ,   ,    .               .

 ,  ,  ,       ,   .      -        (1904),  ,    ,     .       -,         .    ,             .

         . ,    ,    ࠖ      . Ƞ  ,    .       .     , ,        ,  occelli.     ,     ,    .  ,    ,     .  .        .     , , , ,  .  ࠖ, ,  occelli,     .     ,   .






        (1904). Ernst Haeckel. Kunstformen der Natur (1904), plate 91: Spumellaria



       .     . Ӡ   .  ,    , ,   :  ,   -.    ,    peephole, -.     ,       .

,    ,   ,  ,    ,     .     , ,  ,  ,   20  65  .  .    ,   ,    .  , ,     .        .    ,         .     , ࠖ  , 젖   .

Ӡ   ,    -  ,   , ,    ,    ,     .

Ӡ   .     ,  ,   ,       .

      ,     . Ӡ  ,     ,   ,   ,    . ,   ,         堖 .    ⠖    .      .        ,    .      ,      ,    . -        [378 - Π        .    : John Durham Peters. The Marvelous louds: Toward a Philosophy of Elemental Media. Chicago, The University of Chicago Press, 2015, p.53114.].

   ,     .    ,    .       ,    .        .     ,     .      .       ,        .




 III





  堖  ,    ,     .       ,  ,   45   ,       .  ,     ,         ,    ,  .    ,      .    ,     :        . ߠ ,   ,       .        ,    .   . ߠ     ,  ,   .       [337 -  .   . ., , 2012, .238.].          ,        :       .     ,     ,  ,     ,   : , , , .         .    .        ,       [338 -  .]. Ƞ  ,     ,        .       .

   ,        :    <>  ,    ,   , , , ,           [339 -  .  . 2 , .1. ., , 1990. . 582.].   ,     ,    ,   .      ,    .

   ,    .       ʸ,    .    ,    ,          . ,   ,  .       ,   ʸ, :      ,     (, , ) [340 - Alva No?. Action in Perception. Cambridge, Mass., The MIT Press, 2004, p.8.].       ,  . ,     , ,  ,    .     ,     .     .

,       ,      ,       ,      ,   ,  . ,  ,    ,  ..     ,    -    .       .      ,   . Ƞ      .

        .   ,       .    ,    ,  , ,             .    .       .     ,   .   ,        .        ,     ,  .                 .   ,   ,   ,      ,    .     ,        .     ,          .  :   ,   ,   .     ,    .

  coupling, ,     .  ,        ,      ,             .        . Ƞ    . Ѡ  ,  ,     .    .      ,     , .  , ,        .  ,     :     ,     .     ,     ,   ,         ,      ,    ,        .         .      , ,     .        ,       .       , 哠 ,   .         [341 - Hans Belting. Pour une anthropologie des images. Paris, Gallimard, 2004, p.18.].

  蠖 ,     ,  ,    ,     ,  .        ,          . ߠ       . 䠖 ,    , ,   .   ,      .    ,   , 䠖  .     ,  :    ,   ,     ,   :   ,   ;   ,     ,   ,    ,  ,   ;      ;     (mise hors circuit),     ,   ,  .   ,   ,         ,   .     ; ,     .    ,          ,      ( ,    ,       ,  ),               ,          ,     . ߠ ,  ,       ,          [342 - - .  .   . ., , 2004, .281.].

       ,    /  ,  . Ƞ  蠖  .  ,   ,       .     ,   ,   ,  , .     .    ,     ,      ,     , . ,  ,    , ,  . Ƞ       ,   .

         ,        .    ,    :     ?   ,   .     ,    ,        ,   .  ?  , .   .     ,  ,        ?[343 -  .  .  24 , .19. ., , 1960, .99100.]  ( , )   ,    .  .      .      .      :  ,       ,    , ,  ,    ,  ,  .       ,   , ,  [344 -  , .100.]. Ӡ        ,  ,     .           .    ! ,     ,         [345 -  , .101.].       ,  ,     ,   .

 10 13       .       ,     , .   ,  ,     .       [346 -        . .: Pointing: Where Language, Culture, and Cognition Meet. Ed. by Sotaro Kita. Mahwah, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2003; Teresa Bejarano. Becoming Human: from Pointing Gestures to Syntax. Amsterdam; Philadelphia, John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2011.].     ,    .     .     蠖;  ,  :  ;   򻠖 ,   . Ӡ      , , -,   , ,     .     .   ,      .  ,   ,   ,    .       .       ,     .  ,    .

      ࠖ    ,      .      .   :   ,     ,       .   ,       ,    , . ,   ,    ,     .           .      ,    .       ,    ,    .

 1940? ,   ,     .          ,   .        ,    ,    . , ,     .

-   ,    .  ,    ,   .    ,     ,  ,    ,  .    :       ( ) ,        ,    .  ,   ,       ,        .    ,   ,  ⠖     ,        ,  -    ,     [347 -  .  . .,  , 2014, .12.].  ,    ,    .     - ,       .      . Ƞ       ,   .

        ,   :     ,  ,   ,       ,          .  ,  ,    ,  ,  [348 - Clement Greenberg. Art and Culture. Boston, Beacon Press, 1961, p.155.].      1948,    ,    .     ,        ,     ,       ,  . ,      .    ,      -  ,       ,    .

          (1948).    ,     -  ,   , -   .

Ƞ    .     ,  堖 . ߠ   , ,    , ,    蠖,    . ,     ,     .       -  ,  . ʠ  ,      ,       .       ,  . Ƞ    .        ,            .

      ,     ,  ,   ,     ,      .  ,  ,   ,   .       ,    .     . ,   ,      .  1919          .    ,   ,  ,   .     ,        .         ,   ,           ⅻ[349 - Victor Tausk. On the Origin of the Influential Machine in Schizophrenia. In: V.Tausk. Sexuality, War, and Schizophrenia. Collected Psychoanalytic Papers. New Brunswick; London, Transaction Publishers, 1991, p.201.]        ߠ ,  -    .  ߠ   , 堖,       ,      ,   ,   ,   ,      .         ,     .         ,       ,   ,    ,     .

       ,  1985   - (Le Moi-peau).   ,       ,  , ,   -,  ꠫ :   ,     ,    ,     ,    ,        蠄.   ,  ,              ,  -  <>       ,    ,     ,   - ,    [350 -  -.  . ., -, 1999, .131132.]

Ѡ  ,  ,  ,       ,  .       -.     ,    :  ,     ,  , ,  .       ,     ,    [351 - Didier Anzieu. Le Moi-peau. Paris, Dunod, 1985, p.39.].

     ߠ    .  ,     ,      (amodal perception),       :   ,    , -      .   ,     . , -,         .  ,          [352 - Daniel N.Stern. The Interpersonal World of the Infant. London, Karnac Books, 1998, p.51.]. Ƞ    (    ,  ,  )    ߠ.         ,   ,       ,      ,     .         [353 - Raymond Bellour. Le Corps du cinma. Hypnoses, motions, animalits. Paris, P.O.L., 2009.].

ߠ   ,  , ,    , 堖       ߠ(, ).         (, ),      ,      ߠ        ( ). , ,   򠖠        . ,   ,    ,        .      ,  ࠖ   . Ƞ       .

ꠖ ,    . ,   ,      .       ,   ,. ࠖ    ,     .      , ,    .           ,    ࠖ ,   ,    .  𠖠,  :    ,  ꠖ  , ,   , :   , ,   ,   ,   ,  , ,      ,     .        .  ,    ,      ,     [354 -  , .1. ., , 1981, .249.].

       , ,     ,      ,      ,   :            , , ,   -    ,          .    animalitas,         ,    .      ,   [355 -  .  . .:  .  .  . ., , 1993, .198.].

           .          .      ,        .   ࠖ , , ,    .         ,  ,  ,     ,   ,      [356 - Carl Einstein. Negerplastik. Leipzig, Verlag der Weissen B?cher, 1915.].      ⠖  .

     . ,  ,       .     ,    ,    .      ,     . Ӡ       .

   - ⠫   ꠫  -,       , 堖 -.  , ,    ,                .  -     .      :        ,     (     ),     , ,  [357 -  -.  . ., , 1984, .78.]. ߠ   .

    ,       , ,     . ߠ,        ,       ,    ,   , ,    .        ,  ,      ,   .   ,     , 蠖 ,  .       . Ѡ ,   ,  ,  ,          .       ,       .      ,   , ,   ,      . ,  ,   .  ,    ,     .       .    ,   c ,     .    ,    , ,    .

     .       ,  -     ,    ,     - .   ,       ,  . , ,      ;  ,     [358 - Paul Schilder. The Image and Appearance of the Human Body. Studies in the Constructive Energies of the Psyche. Milton Park, Routledge, 1999, p.83.].  , ,   .      ,       .

        ?            .        ,      .       ⠫:       ,  ,     ,       ,  , ,     ,  ,    ; ,   -  ,  ,      , , ,      RST,     ,     ( Z),  ,    BCD    ,  VXY,  ,     RST    ,         ,   ,   ,      Ѡ S .          RST,  ,      , ,         VXY  ,    ,      ,   :          ,  ,    酻[359 -  .   : , , . .,    , 1953, .97.]      .






.    , 1637



    -   ,     ,  ,     .     .  ,    ,   .       .     ,  砖       .         ,   -  .     - (   )   .    , ,   ,           .     ,     ,    .  ,    .

      .       ,       .     ,    ,  ,     ,    ꠖ. ,  ,           ,    ,   . Ƞ  . ,     ,    ,      -,  .

       .     ,     ,                .   ,      ,    ,      .        .      .    ,  .    ,     ,    .       .         ,       .       ,   .     .      ,   ,   ,      .     :      ,          ,     ,     ,   . ,    ,    .       ,      .      ,  .    .

   ,     .     , ,    .     .  ,       ,    .      ,                . ,        ,  ,   .  , ,  ,     ,  : , , ,   .  ,     ,   .

      .      .  ,     -.    ,  ,     .    ,  ,  ,  ,   ,    ,      .  ,        . Ѡ  ,     , ,  [360 - Temple Grandin. Animals in Translation. Using the Mysteries of Autism to Decode Animal Behavior. New York, Scribner, 2005.].   .     ,        .      ,  ,       ,  .

    ,   .    頖 ,   .  蠖  .    , , , , -,  ,        .   ,   .       400 ,  370  730 .     .     : 540 ⠖, 640.    ,    -  ,     .    ,    . ,    ,   ,    .   ,      ,    ,    ,  廠   .     ,     ,     .      ⠖ .






    



   ,    ,     ,   .      .     .     ,    .      ,   .     ,        ,  ,   ,  . ,   , ,      .

 ,    ,       . ʠ     .   ,     ,    젖   ,   .     .        ,    5 .    ,    .         , ,   ,  .

      .    ,         .       ,       .    ,         .  ,    .        ,  ,     , ,    .

       .      ,        .      ,   ,       .

,  ,    ,       ,      .       .   ,  ,   .    : ,    .     ,   .    ,  .           ,        .  ,      ,      .      ,       .       -.






    






   



   ,   .         : ,  .         ,      ,   .   ,     .        . Ӡ,   ,     , 񠖠.       ,     . Ӡ,   10    1  ,      X-, ?         .     .      ,     , ,      ,     .       .

,      .    .     蠖     .   ,  .    ,     .     ,    . Ƞ   ,      .      ,       ,     ,   .      , , , ,     . ,       . ,     ,     .      .         ,  (1872),     .      . ,     ,   ,    ,    .     -  ,  -     ,    .   , ,   . Ƞ  -   ,  ,       ,  ,    .   ,   .         , 頖 .     .        (    ),   ,       .

           .        ,    .        ,  堖        - ,           .      ,    .   ,     ,         .  ,   ,    ,    .      .  ,    ,      .   ,   ,     ,  .

    .       .

      .    ,   ,        .   .     ,   .   ,         ,        .          .      .






 .  , 16341635. -, -






  .        , 17631769. , 



   ,     ,    ,          .        ,    .  ,      ,     ,      . , ,       .        , 頖.

    젖where system what system:    .     ,  ,  ,   .  ,      .      .    .       ,   -,         .  ,    ,    ,   .   ,  .             ,   .       ,    .

        . ,  ,   ,  . ,       . Ӡ      , !,       :

		, ,   ,
		  
		Ƞ,    ,
		 - .




  .  : Margaret Livingstone. Vision and Art. TheBiology of Seeing. Los Angeles; Berkeley, University of California Press,2004



    ,   ,      ,   ,     . Ƞ       .

,  ,   ,          .     ,   .    ,     .         ,    .

   ,     .        .   ,          :    , ,  ,      ,     . ߠ,      ,   ,     ,    [361 - Margaret Livingstone. Vision and Art. The Biology of Seeing. Los Angeles; Berkeley, University of California Press, 2004, p.73.      .]. Ѡ  ,         .      ,          ,          ,      .    ,    ,  ,   .        .

 ,    ,             .         .           . ,        ,       .    ,        ,     .

      .    ,   /,   1953      .        .          .       ,    JPEG. ,    ,    . JPEG          .      .  ,       ,   .     .    ,     .   /,      , ,  ,  . ,    ,        , ,      , .  ,     .         /,          .    ,          .     ,         .

        ,           ,  堖    ,    .   ,      -,        .      ,        ,,  ,   .  -  , , .   ,  , , . 堖  ,    .      .




 IV





        ,       .       .  ࠖ     .          .     ,    , ,        .     ,         蠫.        堖 .       ,    .        ,    ,   ,         ,     .  , ,     .               ,  .      , , ,   .

   , ,   ,      , .   .     .           ,     ,       , ,  .      ,       ,     .

 ,        .     ,     .        /.   ,         .    ,     .  ,    --. -    :    ,      . <>  <>    ,    ,    ,      [299 - - .  .   . .,, 2004, .283284.].  ,        .

    ,    ,    . C    .    -       .  ,      ,   ,      .  , 䠖    ,  ,     ,     ,    .     -  ,    .    ,        ,    , ,         . ,  ,       .    :   ,    ,  ,          .   ,                    ,   [300 - Max Scheler. Shame and Feelings of Modesty.In: Max Scheler. Person and Self-Value. Three Essays. Dordrecht, Martinus Nijhoff, 1987, p.16.].  ,   ,   ,   , ,    ,   .      , ,      ,      , .

     ,     .   .       . 堖  ,       ,   . ,   ,  𠖠         . , ,     ,  .  ,       ,   .  ,  -,  ,           ,    .   ,          :  <> ,  蠖  ().    ,                 . ,    .   ,    ,       , .  ,        .     ,           .   ,   ,    [301 -  -.   . .,-, 1994, .63.].

Ѡ , ꠖ   ,     ,   .         .   ,          .   . ,  ,             .

   ,   , ,  ,    .     .  ,      ,   ,   .  ,           .        .

  ,      .     ,  .   .       .   ,    ,   .   .   ,   ,  .   ,    . Ƞ   ,   ,     .  -蠖?????? (kllos),    ,        . Ӡ    ,     .  ,    ,    ,  - .    .

 , ,  ,            .      ,        :  ,        ,     ,   , , ,   :     [302 - Giorgio Agamben. Nudities. Stanford, Stanford University Press, 2011, p.65.].     ,    ,      ,         .          ,      .  : ,     (   indumentum gratiae), ,    , ࠖ,    .          ,        [303 - Ibid., p.62.].

 ,        . ,     , ,       ,     .       :   젖 .    ,   ⠄N? Skautik  ,    ,      ,   ,   ,    ,[304 -  .    . , Kolonna Publications  , 2003, .7.]




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/pages/biblio_book/?art=40111748)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes



1


 .  . Theatrum philosophicum. ., ; ,  , 1998, .82.




2


    .




3


 .  , .81.       .




4


 , .141.




5


 , .144.  .. .




6


Alfred North Whitehead. Process and Reality. New York, The Free Press, 1978, p.226.




7


 .  . .:  .  .  . , , 1999, .416.




8


Jakob von Uexk?ll. A Foray into the Worlds of Animals and Humans with ATheory of Meaning. Minneapolis; London, University of Minnesota Press, 2010, p.4446.




9


 .   . .,  , 2013, .410.




10


Gilbert Simondon. Communication et Information. Cours et Confrences. Chatou, Les ditions de La Transparence, 2010.




11


...    . ., , 1990, .297.




12


 , .298.




13


   ,        ,        (Dorothy Emmet. Whiteheads Philosophy of Organism. Melbourne; Toronto; New York, Palgrave; Macmillan, 1966, p.181).




14


 .   , .7. .,  , 2007, .523.




15


Emile Brhier. La Thorie des incorporels dans le sto?cisme. Paris, Vrin, 1928, p.12.




16


  . .:   .   ,  . ., , 1955, .184.




17


 .  . .:  .  .  . , , 1999, .620621.




18


 , .439.




19


 .   . , , 1999, .104.




20


... ,   . , , 1999, .10.




21


 .  .  . ., , 2003, .99.




22


Jakob von Uexk?ll. A Foray into the Worlds of Animals and Humans with A Theory of Meaning. Minneapolis; London, University of Minnesota Press, 2010, p.63.




23


..-.   .   . .; ., , 1924.




24


Daniel Cloud. The Domestication of Language: Cultural Evolution and the Uniqueness of the Human Animal. New York, Columbia University Press, 2015, p.102.




25


 .   ( 1). ., , 1994, .81.




26


Bertrand Russell. The Analysis of Mind. Seaside, Oregon, Watchmaker, 2010, p.144.




27


W.V.Quine. Truth by Convention.In: Readings in Philosophical Analysis. Ed. by Herbert Feigl and Wilfrid Sellars. New York, Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1949, p.250273.




28


Alain Berthoz. La Simplexit. Paris, Odile Jacob, 2009.




29


Jesper Hoffmeyer. Signs of Meaning in the Universe. Bloomington; Indianapolis, Indiana University Press, 1996.




30


Georg Henrik von Wright. Explanation and Understanding. London, Routledge& Kegan Paul, 1971, p.2.




31


Daniel Arasse. Leonardo da Vinci. Old Saybrook, Konecky & Konecky, 1998, p.386412.




32


R.A.Scotti. Vanished Smile. The Mysterious Theft of Mona Lisa. New York, Alfred A. Knopf, 2009, p.70.




33


 .  .     ... .:  , . 2. ., , 1979, .182183.




362


Konrad Lorenz. Studies in Animal and Human Behavior. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 1971.




363


Konrad Lorenz. The Foundations of Ethology. New York, Springer, 1981, p.164165.




364


Stephen Jay Gould. A Biological Homage to Mickey Mouse.In: The Pandas Thumb. London, W.W.Norton & Company, 1980, p.95107.




365


 .   .  8, .3. ., , 1994, .489.




366


 .     (: XI (1964)). ., -, 2004, .8384.




367


- .  .   . .,, 2004, .283.




368


 .  .  . ., , 2003, .88.




369


 .    , .111112.




370


 . Camera lucida.  . .,   , 2011, .92.




371


Adolf Portmann. Animal Forms and Patterns. A Study of the Appearance of Animals. New York, Schocken Books, 1967, p.117.




372


       : Stephen Jay Gould. Wonderful Life: The Burgess Shale and the Nature of History. New York; London, W.W.Norton &. Company, 1989.




373


     : Andrew Parker. In the Blink of an Eye. Cambridge, MA, Perseus, 2003.




374


Adolf Portmann. New Paths in Biology. New York; Evanston; London, Harper& Row, 1964, p.68.




375


Ibid., p.69.




376


 -.  . ., , 1992, .14.




377


 , .16.




378


Π        .    : John Durham Peters. The Marvelous louds: Toward a Philosophy of Elemental Media. Chicago, The University of Chicago Press, 2015, p.53114.




337


 .   . ., , 2012, .238.




338


 .




339


 .  . 2 , .1. ., , 1990. . 582.




340


Alva No?. Action in Perception. Cambridge, Mass., The MIT Press, 2004, p.8.




341


Hans Belting. Pour une anthropologie des images. Paris, Gallimard, 2004, p.18.




342


- .  .   . ., , 2004, .281.




343


 .  .  24 , .19. ., , 1960, .99100.




344


 , .100.




345


 , .101.




346


       . .: Pointing: Where Language, Culture, and Cognition Meet. Ed. by Sotaro Kita. Mahwah, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2003; Teresa Bejarano. Becoming Human: from Pointing Gestures to Syntax. Amsterdam; Philadelphia, John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2011.




347


 .  . .,  , 2014, .12.




348


Clement Greenberg. Art and Culture. Boston, Beacon Press, 1961, p.155.




349


Victor Tausk. On the Origin of the Influential Machine in Schizophrenia. In: V.Tausk. Sexuality, War, and Schizophrenia. Collected Psychoanalytic Papers. New Brunswick; London, Transaction Publishers, 1991, p.201.




350


 -.  . ., -, 1999, .131132.




351


Didier Anzieu. Le Moi-peau. Paris, Dunod, 1985, p.39.




352


Daniel N.Stern. The Interpersonal World of the Infant. London, Karnac Books, 1998, p.51.




353


Raymond Bellour. Le Corps du cinma. Hypnoses, motions, animalits. Paris, P.O.L., 2009.




354


 , .1. ., , 1981, .249.




355


 .  . .:  .  .  . ., , 1993, .198.




356


Carl Einstein. Negerplastik. Leipzig, Verlag der Weissen B?cher, 1915.




357


 -.  . ., , 1984, .78.




358


Paul Schilder. The Image and Appearance of the Human Body. Studies in the Constructive Energies of the Psyche. Milton Park, Routledge, 1999, p.83.




359


 .   : , , . .,    , 1953, .97.




360


Temple Grandin. Animals in Translation. Using the Mysteries of Autism to Decode Animal Behavior. New York, Scribner, 2005.




361


Margaret Livingstone. Vision and Art. The Biology of Seeing. Los Angeles; Berkeley, University of California Press, 2004, p.73.      .




299


- .  .   . .,, 2004, .283284.




300


Max Scheler. Shame and Feelings of Modesty.In: Max Scheler. Person and Self-Value. Three Essays. Dordrecht, Martinus Nijhoff, 1987, p.16.




301


 -.   . .,-, 1994, .63.




302


Giorgio Agamben. Nudities. Stanford, Stanford University Press, 2011, p.65.




303


Ibid., p.62.




304


 .    . , Kolonna Publications  , 2003, .7.


