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,        ,     ,   ,   . ,  ,        :  ,        ,      ,  ,    (,  ,      );  ,        (      ).      ,     ; ,  ,      ,   :    (1975)         (1976)  ,        (1983)        (1984)  .     , ,  ,    (    ),           ,   ,     . ,           , ,  .

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                 .  ,             (  )     ,       .                     (   digital humanities)   ,           .  ,      :               .      (  )      ,   :    ,      ,          .        , ,          :      ,      .        :  ,     (     )    ,                       [5 -                    .        (   )  ,  -           .     :      . .       (., 2013; ., 2014).     ,   ,  .   Tolstoy Digital                     .             XVIIIXIX.    .].

                ,      .       (    XIX.),         ,        .      ,        ,            .     ,  ,       ,           :     (:       ?),       (:        XIX.?).    ,                   .      ,    , ,   ,            ,     ,   .

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          (, , )  .   ,     ,     ,                 .         (  ),   ,   ,        (   ) [7 - Franco Moretti, Serious century in Franco Moretti (ed.), The Novel. Vol. I.Princeton & Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2006, pp. 364400.]. ,   (   ),      ,     ,       ,       ,          .          ,     ,           ,          .       ,    ,     ,    ,     99,5%  ,    (    )  . , -,      ,       .           , , , ,       ,      [8 -        . : Alex Mesoudi, Cultural Evolution: How Darwinian Theory Can Explain Human Culture and Synthesize the Social Sciences, Chicago & London: The University of Chicago Press, 2011.  ,   (   ) ,          : George Basalla, The Evolution of Technology, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988; Robert Boyd and Peter J.Richerson, Culture and the Evolutionary Process, Chicago & London: The University of Chicago Press, 1985; Richard R.Nelson and Sidney G.Winter, An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change, Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 1982.].

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 1991.              ,    Giulio Einaudi.        ,         ,   .       ,      :        ,      (     )          .           ,     :       XVII.;    XVIII; ,        XIX  XX.   ໠         ,    ,         ,   .      ,     .

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 ,  ,     ,          ;            .     ,      [12 -        : http://cultoboz.ru/-lr/58-6/337 1799. . .]


      ,  ,     XVIII .       ,   :    ,     .     (  ,      ,    ,     )    .   ,   ,      :    ,  ,       <>  ,        . ,       ( ,  ,  )      ,   ,         ,   1948.                ,    [13 -       Romanische Forschungen, 1950, PP. 237245.].     :            ,     .     ,             [14 - Ernest Robert Curtius, Europ?ische Literatur und Lateinische Mittel-alter, 1948, 2nd edn, Bern 1953, p. 387.].

    (   )      topoi      ,     .   ,  ,    ,     .      cives romani,  [15 - Ibid., p. 22.].    :       ,  Romania,       .   ,   ,      ( , ).        ,   ,   .  ,  ,        .

   ,      ,     .    :     ,        .   ,       -  ,     .         ,   ,      :



         ,         .          .           [16 - Ibid., p. 9.        .]


 .   1923.,       ,    [17 - Ulysses, Order and Myth, The Dial, November 1923, p. 201.],         XVI  XVII.        :   ,      ,   ,     .

        .      ,            . ,     ,    , ,       :         ( / ), ,      .      (premodern), , ,  (antimodern),  :     ,    .  ,   ,  :   ,            .  ,       ,   ;        .         ,  .         ,     . (       ).    ,       ,    ,        :



       ,         ,      ,        ,     , [18 -  ,   ( -    ) //  , 1994, 9, .1978. Gyorgy Lukacs, Theory of the Novel, Cambridge, MA 1968 (1916), p. 34.].


         ?


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1828.   ,        :



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      ,     .

      ,  ,        - ,      [20 - .    (Geoffrey Barraclough)   European Unity in Thought and Action, 1963, 1213:     .     .               . < >    ,   <>     ,    .             ,   .         (Federico Chabod) Storia dellidea dEuropa 1962.,     .         ,       ,     ,       :       XVII.    ,         (Immanuel Wallerstein, The Modern World-System, New York 1974, pp. 348, 6163).         (Eric Jones, The European Miracle, Cambridge 1981).].        ,                (essence)         .         :



    , ,    .     (complexus: ,   ),             [21 - Edgar Morin, Penser lEurope, Paris 1987.].


    ,     (  XVI .), ,  ,      ,   .   ,    ,    ,         .        Romania ,         topoi,     .       :  ( ) ,      .   ,       .            :   ,    ,      .         ,     ,      .           ,      .      : ,   ,         ,       .     :       ,                ,   (   )   .

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       ,      .   XVI.        : ,     ,    -     .           .        ,   ,     ,  ,   .          ( ),    ( ),       .

             .    ab-solutus, ,   -      ,     :    ,  ,        .   Trauerspiel,           :             .    ,     ,   ,    [ ]     [22 - S?ren Kierkegaard, Either/Or, Princeton 1971, vol. I, p. 141.].

    ,    ,    :  ,               .  ,   ,    :   ,     .      :    .    Nallons point plus avant[23 - :    . . .]   ,         ( , , [24 - ,  .. . .])     .

      ,  ,    ,    .   :  ,   : //       , , ,     .        ,      [25 - .     //.  . ., 1989, . 146.],      .        ,    (  ).  ,    ,   ,     .     .      ,    ( )        .            .              .  ,      ,    (  )     .

 :        <> ,          .      [26 - .     //.  . ., 1989, .169170.]. ,    -     ,     .   :   <>   ,      [27 - .    . ., 2002, . 56. Walter Benjamin, The Origins of the German Baroque Drama, London 1977 (1928), p. 69.].          .    (       )      : , , ,         .   ,           .

           ,    , ,  ,      :        ,      .           ,  ,   :    ,            .   XVII .         ,    :     ,  ,  ,  ,  ,   ,  .        .

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,    : .   ?     (    )     ,      ,          . ,   ,   ,     -   ,         .             . ,   ,   ,  ,      [31 - ,       -   ,          -  .      ;        -  .        ,   ,   ,     . . . ., . 17.].  ,       ,    :    .   ,         () ,         [32 -                 (1942).].   ,     ,  ,     :         .          ,               ,      ( )  .

   ,      ?  ?    ,          ,    ,    ,    [33 -    : And though thou hadst small Latin and less Greek (To the Memory of My Beloved the Author, Mr.William Shakespeare and What He Hath Left Us). . .],    ,           .

  ,    ,          .          ,   .     ,  , ,       ,     - .      ,        ,  ,    ,  ,        .    :        , ?       :    Trauerspiel,             ,    ,       .   ,   ,   ,  ,      . ,  (  ) ,  ,                .   :    [34 -        ,   . ,   : ,           [,   ],     :   ,          ,   . PaulVan Tieghem, Le Romantisme dans la littrature europene, Paris 1948, p. 115.].


4. 

        .                :          ,          XVIII.      :     ,      .   ,    ,               [35 - Henry Hallam, Introduction to the Literature of Europe in the Fifteenth, Sixteenth, and Seventeenth Centuries, London 1837-39, New York 1970.].           10 ( 30,  50)           .         .       ,   [36 -    ,    (State of Dramatic Representation in Italy  Spain and Portugal  France  Germany  England)    History of the Literature of Taste in Europe from 1520 to 1550.       :      ,   ,      ;        .      腻;   , ,           ;      -   ,      ,     ;        ,  ,       ; ,          .         (  ).        .].  ,   ,   ,      ,        .

 ,        ,    ,        ,      .         .         .   1755.     ,       .    1762.,   ,     .    qui nadopte point de patrie, ,     .      ,    .      ,    ,    .    ,  ,      ,     [37 -      1697.,    (Tomas J.Schereth)  The Cosmopolitan Ideal in Enlightenment Thought, Notre Dame 1977, pp. XXIV-XXV.].

        XVIII .?       (   )  ,      .    Rpublique des Lettres      Respublica Christiana   ,         ?    ,        :             ,           [38 - PaulVan Tieghem, Histoire littraire de lEurope et de lAmrique, Paris 1946, p. 67.].  ,       ,      ,      ,     ,          [39 -          1813.(De lesprit de conqu?te et de lusurpation). . .]. ,    ,  ,      ,       .         .   :



      ,        ,  ,    .  XII  XIII.     .      ,   XVII           .   XIX.    ,     ,      [40 - Erich Auerbach, Epilegomena zu Mimesis, Romanische Forschungen, 1954 pp. 1314.].


      ,     .    ,   ,    ,      ,                     .   ,  ,     ,   ,   ,       .        ,        ,   ,      .     ,       ,        :    ,     ,  ,  ,  .   ,     :      .             ,    ,             .     ,     ,     ,     .      ,    ,     ,    . , ,      ,        .      ,   ,           ,       ,     .     ,     .


5. 

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 ? ,  ,           ,     , ,  .             XVIII .  ,         ,         20 .   (1794)    ;     (1796)    ;   (1809)    (novel of adultery);  (1814)   .   15 ,     ,    ,   ,       .

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  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/franko-moretti-18036287/dalnee-chtenie/)  .

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notes








1


    : Matthew L.Jockers, Macroanalysis: Digital Methods and Literary History, Urbana, Chicago & Springfield: University of Illinois Press, 2013.               .




2


,       ,       .                (   )     (   ),         ,    .     ( ,  ,  ,  ,  )     .         :      . , -,        ,  -,   ,         ,       ( ,        ).




3


 ,  : Franco Moretti, Atlas of the European Novel 18001900, London & New York: Verso, 1998; Franco Moretti, Graphs, Maps, Trees: Abstract Models for a Literary History. London & New York: Verso, 2005.




4


         : Matt Erlin and Lynne Tatlock (eds.), Distant Readings: Topologies of German Culture in the Long Nineteenth Century, New York: Camden House, 2014.




5


                   .        (   )  ,  -           .     :      . .       (., 2013; ., 2014).     ,   ,  .   Tolstoy Digital                     .             XVIIIXIX.    .




6


Franco Moretti, Modern Epic: The World System from Goethe to Garcia Marquez, London & New York: Verso, 1996; Franco Moretti, On literary evolution, in Signs Taken for Wonders, 2nd enlarged edn, Verso, London, 1987.




7


Franco Moretti, Serious century in Franco Moretti (ed.), The Novel. Vol. I.Princeton & Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2006, pp. 364400.




8


       . : Alex Mesoudi, Cultural Evolution: How Darwinian Theory Can Explain Human Culture and Synthesize the Social Sciences, Chicago & London: The University of Chicago Press, 2011.  ,   (   ) ,          : George Basalla, The Evolution of Technology, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988; Robert Boyd and Peter J.Richerson, Culture and the Evolutionary Process, Chicago & London: The University of Chicago Press, 1985; Richard R.Nelson and Sidney G.Winter, An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change, Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 1982.




9


.:  ,  : / . . .. .:  , 2006.




10


Franco Moretti, Modern Epic: The World Systemfrom Goethe to Garcia Marquez, London & New York: Verso, 1996, p. 6.




11


           ,      .




12


       : http://cultoboz.ru/-lr/58-6/337 1799. . .




13


      Romanische Forschungen, 1950, PP. 237245.




14


Ernest Robert Curtius, Europ?ische Literatur und Lateinische Mittel-alter, 1948, 2nd edn, Bern 1953, p. 387.




15


Ibid., p. 22.




16


Ibid., p. 9.        .




17


Ulysses, Order and Myth, The Dial, November 1923, p. 201.




18


 ,   ( -    ) //  , 1994, 9, .1978. Gyorgy Lukacs, Theory of the Novel, Cambridge, MA 1968 (1916), p. 34.




19


 .,    . ., 2007, .3940. Fran?ois Guizot, Histoire de la Civilisation en Europe, 6th edn, Paris 1855 (1828) pp. 35, 37-38.




20


.    (Geoffrey Barraclough)   European Unity in Thought and Action, 1963, 1213:     .     .               . < >    ,   <>     ,    .             ,   .         (Federico Chabod) Storia dellidea dEuropa 1962.,     .         ,       ,     ,       :       XVII.    ,         (Immanuel Wallerstein, The Modern World-System, New York 1974, pp. 348, 6163).         (Eric Jones, The European Miracle, Cambridge 1981).




21


Edgar Morin, Penser lEurope, Paris 1987.




22


S?ren Kierkegaard, Either/Or, Princeton 1971, vol. I, p. 141.




23


:    . . .




24


,  .. . .




25


.     //.  . ., 1989, . 146.




26


.     //.  . ., 1989, .169170.




27


.    . ., 2002, . 56. Walter Benjamin, The Origins of the German Baroque Drama, London 1977 (1928), p. 69.




28


      .    ,   ,      XVI  XVII.;     ?ge classique;         XIX.      ,  XX.      Trauerspiel.




29


Jacques Monod, Chance and Necessity, London 1972, p. 121.




30


Stephen Jay Gould, Ever Since Darwin, New York 1977, p. 136.




31


,       -   ,          -  .      ;        -  .        ,   ,   ,     . . . ., . 17.




32


                (1942).




33


   : And though thou hadst small Latin and less Greek (To the Memory of My Beloved the Author, Mr.William Shakespeare and What He Hath Left Us). . .




34


       ,   . ,   : ,           [,   ],     :   ,          ,   . PaulVan Tieghem, Le Romantisme dans la littrature europene, Paris 1948, p. 115.




35


Henry Hallam, Introduction to the Literature of Europe in the Fifteenth, Sixteenth, and Seventeenth Centuries, London 1837-39, New York 1970.




36


   ,    (State of Dramatic Representation in Italy  Spain and Portugal  France  Germany  England)    History of the Literature of Taste in Europe from 1520 to 1550.       :      ,   ,      ;        .      腻;   , ,           ;      -   ,      ,     ;        ,  ,       ; ,          .         (  ).        .




37


     1697.,    (Tomas J.Schereth)  The Cosmopolitan Ideal in Enlightenment Thought, Notre Dame 1977, pp. XXIV-XXV.




38


PaulVan Tieghem, Histoire littraire de lEurope et de lAmrique, Paris 1946, p. 67.




39


         1813.(De lesprit de conqu?te et de lusurpation). . .




40


Erich Auerbach, Epilegomena zu Mimesis, Romanische Forschungen, 1954 pp. 1314.




41


 ,     ,    .     ,       .               XVII , ,  ,      .       ,      ,  ,   ,  .  ? ,  ,        .     ( ,      )   ,         ,       .   ,      ? ? ?  ? ,    ? (    XVII. .: Simon Schama, The Embarrassment of Riches, Berkeley 1988, p. 57).




42


.  ,    XVXVIII. . 3.  . ., 1992, . 606.        ..    . Fernand Braudel, Civilisation materielle, conomie et capitalisme, vol. III, Le Temps du monde, Paris 1986, part 6.




43


     ,   -  XIX. ,         ,    ,     .    ,        ,   .   , , ,       3  40 ,    ,     ,    .


