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First published by Verso 2013

 Peter Mair 2013

Foreword  Francis Mulhern 2013

   , 2019




 


 黠  ,     ,          Verso   2007 .        :   .    ,      New Left Review,                (withdrawal)   (disengagement)       .      ,      , ,       .              .             .             .

           ,       ,   ,             .      :    ,      ,       ,       .



      ,         ,      ,   ,   ,  .    3  1951         -  .      - -    ,            .       ,       .        ,        .   ,   ,    ,          .       , ,      ,   ,      .        ,       .      堖  ,    ,     (1987)      1990-,         ,    ,    .              (       ),             .        ,     -    1978     27     -       ,     .             ,           :  ,  ,    ,     蠖 ,    ,         .  , ,        .   ,        ,  ,    (     ),        ,        .              : -     ;     ,  ,            .         ,    ,               .    ,     ,    outwith,             ,          .     蠖   (          )    ;         :      . ,     2005 ,       ,        ,                       .    , ,         ,        .                ,    .

        .    ,     .       :    ,   , , ,     Β,  ,     ,       .           ,        ,       . ,           .     ,     1970- ,                     .       ,         ( ,      )        ,     Irish Tmes  Magill,       (New Left Review, London Review of Books, Independent),  (Beleid en Maatschappij)   (Reset).          -    Ѡ   , ,  ,            We the Citizens,      蠖      .               .



         䠖       ,    ,   ,    ,      ,  15  2011          .    60 .      ,          ,    ,        ,           .      ;      ,         .

  ,    ,        ,      Verso.       77 ,   .      ,     ,    蠖    1, 2  3.      ,           堖     ,         . .

       : Popular Democracy and the European Union Polity, European Governance Papers C-0503, May 2005; Political Opposition and the European Union, Government and Opposition, 42:1, 2007; Smaghi vs. the Parties: Representative Government and Institutional Constraints, Conference on Democracy in Straitjackets: Politics in an Age of Permanent Austerity, Ringberg Castle, Munich, March 2011.          ⠖     ,     ,       .           :         2005 ,     ,    -        .     ,        ꠖ           .     ,          ,  , ,      .                 ,    ,              4.           .

 ,          (   ) ,       ,      . ,         ,     ,        .          ,           ,      頖  .    ,      ,   ,        ,      ,          ,    : De te fabula narratur? (    ?)



     . -,      4                .             ,        . -,  ,   .      ,   ,   ,   .          .    ,     ,        .

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 ,    ,     . .    (1960),   ,           .        1960- ,   -             .         ,   -      ,  - . ,    ,      ,  ,   ,   .      ,    ࠖ   .

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         젖   ,   ,    蠖  .              ,   , ,         ,    1990- .    ,         ,           . ,     :  ,      ,     ,  ,           .  ,     ,     , ,     ,  ,        . ,           ,            ,  ,         ,     ,    .         ,       , , ,  , ,     ,          ( .: Van Deth, 2000).

         ,         .    ,     1990- ,     ,        ,    .          ,    .           , ,  ,         .        ,      BBC2 30  2000 ,       -.       .       .         ,      .   ,         ,     ,   ,      .         ,   ,          (Blair, 2001).   , ,      .          ,  ,               (Flinders and Buller, 2004).

  ,          ,        .   ,       ,        ,   ,             ,              , ,  (Peters, 2002: 4).                   .   ,        .    ,      , ,     ,  (Beck, 1992: 18336; , 2000: 278347).

               1990- .  1997   .    Foreign Affairs  ,           (Blinder, 1997).                ,        .                      ,      ,    ..      ,     .  , ,   ,  , , ,                  ,          .

        . ,  1996        ,       ,           .                   . ,       ,        ,       :              ,  ,   ,   . ,         ,    ,             (Majone, 1996: 10, 3).

   ,       ,   (non-majoritarian institutions)[1 -   , ,   .  (Majone, 1996: 12)     ,    (Lijphart, 1984)     , , ,          .      .        ,   ,     ,            .          ,   堖   ,      .].  ,             ,        .          ,            -  (Majone, 2003: 299).   ,              .

 ,   1990-    ,   ,   ,  蠖  ,         .    ,    , ,      .  ,        ,      ,   .                 , , ,         .         ,     ,     ,         ,       ,  ,           .

       1990-             .        .   1997 , ,        500     ,     ,               .          ,         ,           (participatory governance),         ,            .    , ,    2001        ,       .   1990-     ,   ; , ,  ; ,         .  ,                .




  


   .          .    XXI                   , ,  ,     .      ?

   .  ,                     .  ,   ,        ,          .     ,     .       ,      .    ,              ,        , ,   ,     .  , ,  ,     (stakeholder),    ,       ,    ,           .              .         ,   ,    ,           ,    ,           , ,       (Shaw, 2000: 291).  ,              .   (Pettit, 2001: 46),         ,     ,    ,       ,   .   (Zakaria, 2003: 248; , 2004: 274)        :  ,      ,       ,  .

    :                  .       ,               .        ,        .  ,            ࠖ   ,         .

             , ,            (Dahl, 1956)[2 - .     : Mny and Surel, 2002; Dahl, 1999; Eisenstadt, 1999.].   ,     ,            .   ,     ,            ,   .         .   ,           ,               ,    . ,     ,       1989 ,       (Diamond, 1996; Zakaria, 1997; , 2004),               ,    .       ,    , ,       .

 ,              .      :      ,  .        ,   . ,      ,   ,          ,            :                    ,   .        ,    (Zakaria, 1997: 27; , 2004: 59).    ,             ,   ,   ,       .   ,       (good governance)        :  ( ) +  = .   ,       ,     ,    (. : Chua, 2003).




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   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/piter-mayr-18363255/upravlyaya-pustotoy-razmyvanie-zapadnoy-demokratii/)  .

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notes








1


  , ,   .  (Majone, 1996: 12)     ,    (Lijphart, 1984)     , , ,          .      .        ,   ,     ,            .          ,   堖   ,      .




2


.     : Mny and Surel, 2002; Dahl, 1999; Eisenstadt, 1999.


