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     ,     ,       ?   ,   60   .     120   ,       ,  .        .  :    ,             ! ,     [27 - Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2007, May). Music and optimal experience. In G. Turow(Chair), Music, rhythm and the brain. Symposium conducted at the meeting of The Stanford Institute for Creativity and the Arts, Center for Arts, Science and Technology, Stanford, CA.,      . ࠖ            (     ).     ,    ;  ,      ,         .].

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    ,        :    [45 - Greenstein, J. (1954). Effect of television upon elementary school grades. The Journal of Educational Research, 48(3), 161176.Maccoby, E. E. (1951). Television: Its impact on school children, Public Opinion Quarterly, 15(3), 421444.Scheuer, J. (1992). The sound bite society. New England Review, 14(4), 264267.Witty, P. (1950), Childrens, parents and teachers reactions to television. Elementary English, 27(6), 349355, p. 396.],     [46 - Griffiths, M. D., & Hunt, N. (1998). Dependence on computer games by adolescents. Psychological Reports, 82(2), 475480.Marriott, M. (1998, March 12). When love turns to obsession, games are no game. The New York Times.],  [47 - Cromie, W. J. (1999, January 21). Computer addiction is coming on-line, The Harvard University Gazette.Shaffer, H. J., Hall, M. N., & Vander Bilt, J. (2000). Computer addiction: A critical consideration, American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 70(2), 162168.],     ,  iPod[48 - Cockrill, A., Sullivan, M., & Norbury, H. L. (2011). Music consumption: Lifestylechoice or addiction, Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 18(2), 160166.McFedries, P. (2005), Technically speaking: The iPod people, IE EE Spectrum, 42(2), 76.Norbury, H. L. (2008). A study of Apples iPod: iPod addiction: Does it exist? (Masters thesis). Swansea University, Wales.Metha Yustian, E. (2012). A study on comparison between PSP, NINTENDO DS, and iPod Touch (Undergraduate thesis). Binus University, Jakarta, Indonesia.], iPad[49 - Aldridge, G. (2013, April 21). Girl aged four is Britains youngest-known iPadaddict, The Mirror.Smith, J. L. (2013, December 28), Switch off its time for your digital detox. The Telegraph.],  [50 - Lincoln, A. (2011), FY I: TMI: Toward a holistic social theory of informationoverload, First Monday 16(37).Taylor, C. (2002, June 3). 12 steps for e-mail addicts, Time.]     Twitter[51 - Hemp, P. (2009), Death by information overload, Harvard Business Review, 87(9), 8289.Khang, H., Kim, J. K., & Kim, Y. (2013), Self-traits and motivations as antecedents of digital media flow and addiction: The Internet, mobile phones, and video games, Computers in Human Behavior, 29(6), 24162424.Saaid, S. A., Al-Rashid, N. A. A., & Abdullah, Z. (2014), The impact of addiction to Twitter among university students,   J. J. Park, I. Stojmenovic, M. Choi, & F. Xhafa (Eds.), Lecture notes in electrical engineering Vol. 27: Future information technology (p. 231236).] Facebook[52 - Pinker, S. (2010, June 11). Mind over mass media. The New York Times, p. A31.Saenz, A. (2011, December 13), How social media is ruining your mind.    http://singularityhub.com (http://singularityhub.com/).].       ,      ,         ,    .    ,      ,     :     ?      ? (    Talking Heads, same as it ever was,          .)

             .  , 1550      500 . ʠ1623-    6000[53 -   Brian Ogilvie,   Blair, A. M. (2010), Too much to know: Managing scholarly information before the modern age. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, p. 12.].    9000   [54 - United States Department of Agriculture. (n.d.).    www.usda.gov (http://www.usda.gov/).], 2700 [55 - Fairchild Tropical Botanical Garden. Coral Gables. FL (2011).], 500000 頖   [56 - Jowit, J. (2010, September 19). Scientists prune list of worlds plants. TheGuardian. Headrick, D. R. (2000), When information came of age: Technologies of knowledge in the age of reason and revolution, 17001850. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, p. 20.].        . - 300               .    ,  ,   ,     , ,    !   Google Scholar     30000 ,     .   ,     ,       3000[57 -    . (8  2012).   : GoogleScholar.    http://scholar.google.com (http://scholar.google.com/).:            58 600.].   ,      20,        .   (5?10


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