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Christine E. Evans

BETWEEN TRUTH AND TIME

A History of Soviet Central Television







YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS

2016


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ISBN 978-5-4448-2380-4



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Originally published by Yale University Press

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      ,       . -,      ,     ,  ,      ,   ,   ,      .        ,      , ,    ,    ,     .     ,               .                       .  ,        ,     ,  ,      Ը,  ,  ,  ,     ,   ,        ,       .   ,          ,       .           ,           ,        ,    .

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     ,           .  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,     -      ,               .  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,     -     (  ,    )    ,   .  ,  ,  ,  Β,  ,  ,  ,   ,  ,  ,  ,        ,   ,     ,     .     -,   ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,     ,              . ,      ,       ,   ,     ,    .

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    ,           .  1965  (              )  1970       :            [13 - Roth-Ey K. Moscow Prime Time. P. 176222; Mickiewicz E. P. Media and the Russian Public. N. Y.: Praeger, 1981. P. 1819.].             ,        [14 -  1965 .         ,  1970 .      ,    35  .  1975 .      55     6,5    ( . .  , ,  ( ). .:   , 1982. . 64, 70; Mickiewicz E. P. Media and the Russian Public. P. 1819).]. 4 1967                ,      ;         ,           ,  ,       [15 -    //      (www.tvmuseum.ru/catalog.asp?ob_no=17 (20 . 2015 .)).].    1917                  .

         ,      ,     ,       .  1970                   .                         (     )           ?          쓻      ,       . 1 1968       ,  ,          .        󻠖      ,            1960?         ,    ,          ,      ,        .        .          .       ,    1991           .




   1970?


 ,    1970?廠    1968    1980?         ,   [16 -    1970? .: Lovell S. In Search of an Ending. P. 304. .       1970? :  . 2007. 2 (52); Lipovetsky M. Self-Portrait on a Timeless Background: Transformations of the Autobiographical Mode in Russian Postmodernism // a/b: Auto/Biography Studies. 1996. Vol. 11. 2. P. 141142.].   ,                 1985 ,   1968  1985            ,   ,  ,  [17 - Bacon E. Reconsidering Brezhnev // Brezhnev Reconsidered / Ed. by E. Bacon, M. Sandle. N. Y.: Palgrave MacMillan, 2002. P. 2; F?rst J. Where Did All the Normal People Go: Another Look at the Soviet 1970s // Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History. 2013. Vol. 14. 3. P. 621640; Soviet Society in the Era of Late Socialism, 19641985 / Ed. by N. Klumbyte, G. Sharafutdinova. Lanham, MD; Plymouth, UK: Lexington, 2013. P. 114; Rutland P., Smolkin-Rothrock V. Introduction: Looking Back at Brezhnev // Russian History. 2014. Vol. 41. 3. P. 299306; Yurchak A. Everything Was Forever P. 48 [ .    . 3844]; Zhuk S. Rock and Roll in the Rocket City: The West, Identity, and Ideology in Soviet Dniepropetrovsk, 19601985. Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 2010. P. 1013.].  ,     ,      ,         :    ,      ,           .               ,            ,      ;  ,       ,       ;  ,      ,    ,           ,           ,   1970?    ,      ,    [18 - Bacon E. Reconsidering Brezhnev. P. 46; Yurchak A. Everything Was Forever P. 48 [ .    . 3844]; F?rst J. Where Did All the Normal People Go. P. 627.].   ,    ,    ,            ,           ,    ,         ,       [19 - .    .: Brezhnev Reconsidered; Soviet Society in the Era of Late Socialism. .   : Russian History. 2014. Vol.41. . : Ward C. Brezhnevs Folly: The Building of BAM and Late Soviet Socialism. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2009.].              . ,      ,    ,   ,       ,    1970?       -   ,     ,           [20 -    ,  -         ,  ,      ; .: Troitsky A. Back in the USSR: The True Story of Rock in Russia. L.: Omnibus, 1987. P. 3334 [ . . Back in the USSR. .: , 2007. . 3435]; Yurchak A. Everything Was Forever P. 126157 [ .    . 255310].].   ,  ,        , ,        ,      .

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  ,        1970?   ,     1970? ,        ,     , ,  ()     .       1970?               1960?.               ,    ,       [23 - Suri J. Power and Protest: Global Revolution and the Rise of Dtente. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2003. P. 2.].    ,        ,       1968           ;       ,    ,     [24 - Bren P. The Greengrocer and His TV: The Culture of Communism After the 1968 Prague Spring. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2010. P. 159176; Mihelj S. The Politics of Privatization: Television Entertainment and the Yugoslav Sixties // The Socialist Sixties: Crossing Borders in the Second World / Ed. by A. E. Gorsuch, D. P. Koenker. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2013. P. 251267.].

   1970?    ,      ,               1968 [25 - Cowie J. Stayin Alive: The 1970s and the Last Days of the Working Class. N. Y.: New Press, 2010. P. 119; Beckett A. When the Lights Went Out: Britain in the Seventies. L.: Faber and Faber, 2009. P. 35; The Shock of the Global: The 1970s in Perspective / Ed. by N. Ferguson et al. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2010.].            ,      ,        -              .  , 1970?    ,      ,     ,   [26 -    ,   1970?         , ,        , ,   (.: Bittner S. The Many Lives of Khrushchevs Thaw. P. 113).].            ,   ,     - ,   ,       , ,          .   ,                        1985 .

   1960?, 1970?  1980?          : , ,          ,           ,  ,     ,          - .         1970? ,             , ,       .         1980?,              .

                  1968 ,    ,   1950?,    [27 - Roth-Ey K. Moscow Prime Time. P. 236245.]. ,        ,     ;  ,  ,         .                   - [28 - Schattenberg S. Democracy or Despotism? How the Secret Speech Was Translated into Everyday Life // The Dilemmas of De-Stalinization: Negotiating Cultural and Social Change in the Khrushchev Era / Ed. by P. Jones. N. Y.: Routledge, 2006. P. 6479.].    ,                  ,           [29 - Zweynert J. Developed Socialism and Soviet Economic Thought in the 1970s // Russian History. Vol. 41. 3. P. 354372.].  ,  (    )       ,    -       ,        (1985).       :        ,    ,     -     , ,  [30 -      YouTube: www.youtube.com/watch?v=QWNtRyKIKfo (21 . 2015 .).].

          ,              ,  ,    ,    1970?    ,     [31 - Imre A. Identity Games: Globalization and the Transformation of Media Cultures in the New Europe. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2009. P. 1112.].  ,             ,     ,    .          ,       .    1970?,             ,               [32 - Westad O. A. The Great Transformation: China in the Long 1970s // Shock of the Global: The 1970s in Perspective / Ed. by N. Ferguson et al. Cambridge, MA: Belknap, 2011. P. 6579.].                 ,     ,       ,    [33 - Imre A. Identity Games. P. 13.].  ,          ,     ,        ,    ,     . , ,   ,  -   ,     :    ,     [34 - Ibid. P. 11.].

         1970?    . -       ; ,            ,           1970?[35 -           1960? .   ,        (Roth-Ey K. Moscow Prime Time. P. 192194).      1960? .: Mihelj S. Audience History as a History of Ideas: The Active Audience of the Socialist Sixties // European Journal of Communication. 2015. Vol. 30. 1. P. 2829.]. , , , ,        1980?,            1970?,         , ,   . ,    ? ? ? (1977  . .),           ,    , -         .




     


     1970?   1970?,          1960?         .                 ,           [36 -             (     )    ,   ,   . ., : Gumbert H. Envisioning Socialism; A European Television History / Ed. by J. Bignell, A. Fickers. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2008; Popular Television in Eastern Europe During and Since Socialism / Ed. by T. Havens, A. Imre, K. Lustyik. N. Y.: Routledge, 2013.        View: Journal of European Television History and Culture  - www.euscreen.eu.].        .   19701980?      ,          ,        :     58%   .         , , ,     [37 - Mihelj S. Television Entertainment in Socialist Eastern Europe // Popular Television in Eastern Europe P. 1516.     : Varis T. International Flow of Television Programmes. P.: UNESCO, 1985; Nordenstreng K., Varis T. Television Traffic  A One-Way Street? A Survey and Analysis of the International Flow of Television Material. P.: UNESCO, 1974.].  ,    -,        , ,   ,      .            ,        ,       , ,       .

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   ,   ,  ,       (), ,   ,           .             ,      ;              ,   ,     -      ,     ,     [40 - Ibid. P. 8.].   ,       ,            ,              ,    ,      ,                  .

                      .    ,    ,    ,             1968   .   -,        ;      ,    ,           [41 - Roth-Ey K. Moscow Prime Time. P. 111.].    ,      -,      ,    ,     ,     ,          .  ,  ,    -,     .           ,            ,                   [42 - Ibid. P. 279.].

                ,            ,            ,        .         ()      :   ,         (     ),          sui generis,     [43 - Ibid. P. 246. . : Janco A. KVN: Live Television and Improvised Comedy in the Soviet Union, 195771 // Popular Television in Authoritarian Europe / Ed. by P. Goddard. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2013. P. 124140.].  ,                    , ,   ,      .       - ,     ; ,    ,    ,    ,     ,    -,        [44 - Roth-Ey K. Moscow Prime Time. P. 261268.].  ,                ,         ,         ,        [45 - Levine E., Newman M. Z. Legitimating Television: Media Convergence and Cultural Status. N. Y.: Routledge, 2012. P. 113.].

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,     ,                .      ,      -,       .  ,     1950?  1960? ,      . ,       (  -   ,      , !),         .   -       ,  -            .

               .         ,    ,   1970?         [50 - Huxtable S. Real Socialism, Socialist Realism: Representing Soviet Normality in 1970s TV Drama  ,   2014 .   ASEEES   ,     (-, ).        .: Bren P. The Greengrocer and His TV; Mihelj S. The Politics of Privatization. P. 251267; Imre A. Television for Socialist Women // Screen. 2013. Vol. 54. 2. P. 249255; Imre A. Adventures in Early Socialist Television Edutainment // Popular Television in Eastern Europe P. 3046; Kochanowski K. et al. An Evening with Friends and Enemies // Popular Television in Eastern Europe P. 81101; Hammer F. Coy Utopia: Politics in the First Hungarian TV Soap // Popular Television in Eastern Europe P. 222240; Machek J. The Counter Lady as a Female Prototype: Prime-Time Popular Culture in 1970s and 1980s Czechoslovakia // Media Research: Croatian Journal for Journalism and Media. 2010. Vol. 16. 1. P. 3152.].          ,            .              -     (   )      , ,    ,         ,        , ,     ,          .

                . - ,         ,       ,              .    ,         1940?   1950? ,           .         ,   , ,    ,       . ,       1960?                                  .

 ,    ,              ,     [51 -   ,      , .: Popular Television in Eastern Europe P. 4, 3046, 65104.].  ,    ,   ,     (,          )    .         19681970    ,   - ,        ,       ,        (   . .)[52 -    ,       ,        19601970? . (Mihelj S. Television Entertainment in Socialist Eastern Europe // Popular Television in Eastern Europe P. 1820).].                     ,       ,    ,  ,      .   ,       ,         ,           .

,         - ,    ,  ,             . ,    ,       .         ,      ,   ?     ?      ,           ,           , ,              [53 - Oushakine S. Laughter Under Socialism: Exposing the Ocular in Soviet Jocularity // Slavic Review. 2011. Vol. 70. 2. P. 247255.].         ,       ,           [54 -      .: Yurchak A. Everything Was Forever P. 126157 [ .    . 255310].   .: Roth-Ey K. Moscow Prime Time. P. 233235, 251253.      ,     ,      ;       ,  ,           .     ,                        .].       :    ,     ,    ,    ,      ( ).     ,      ,     ,   .                     ,       .     ,    ,   ,    ,  ,                  .

          .        .        ,     (  ),               .         ,         :       .      ,                 :          ,        ,    .             ,          . ,   ,         ,    ,         .

,     ,   ,    ,              ,       ,         [55 -       1982 .].         .     ,          ,          ,       [56 - .:    ?:     / . . . , . . . .: , 2010. . 92.].      ,       ,      , ,    ,              .           ,     ,      :     .  ,       ,       ,  ,    ;      ,     ,    ,      [57 -    ,         ,     ,    ,          (Mihelj S. Audience History as a History of Ideas. P. 25).].          ,    ,               ,         ,     .     ,     , ,    - ,        ,       .    ,     : ,              .

  ,   ,           .                   1960?   1970?   1980? .     19681970    ,         .           1968 ;  19681970   ( )    ,    ,    1969?  1970?         ,       1970?.   ,  ,     ,   ,    ,   19681970                 .  1968        ,          1950?   1960?,             .   1970                   ,    1960?     ,   ,     .

              ,       1950? ;                    ( ).   ,           ,  -    ,           .   ,       ,      ,           : ,       ,     .

    ,     1960?   ,        ,     .  19641965                      ,             .      ,  ,      ,        :     ;    ,       .         1970           -      ,      .       ,             ,       ,    -.

         :        .     1960?        ,     .  1960?    ,                       .    1960?      .   ,   1970      ,       ,         .

       .                 ,     ,          ,    .       , ,     ,           :    -   , , ,        ,          . ,     .   1960?                  ,      .       ,             ,  .   1970?   ,    ,      ,      1960? .

     ,     1965 ,           ,              .        - 1970?      (.  , 1973).         ,   ,  ,                    ,       ,      ( ,    )     .  -         ,            .        -,  -   1945          , ,        (    ,    )         .

           1970?:  . ,                  ,              ,        .      ,  1960?        ()  ,         .              .    1960?  .  1972    ,               ,   1977           ? ? ?  .        ,        ,       ,   19691970 .                       ,     ,        [58 -   ,         .: Reid S. Cold War in the Kitchen: Gender and the De-Stalinization of Consumer Taste in the Soviet Union Under Khrushchev // Slavic Review. 2002. Vol. 61. 2. P. 211252; Kelly C. Refining Russia: Advice Literature, Polite Culture, and Gender from Catherine to Yeltsin. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001 ( . 5); Communism Unwrapped: Consumption in Cold War Eastern Europe / Ed. by P. Bren, M. Neuberger. N. Y.: Oxford University Press, 2012.].

      1970? ,   , ,      ,  ,    .       -:  (19711978)  ? ? ? (1977  . .),     ,     .               :        ,           .   ,          1970? ,  ,       ,   ,       1980?     ;         ,      ,          .




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    ,           ,     ,            [59 -    (   )       .: Bolter J. D., Grusin R. Remediation: Understanding New Media. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1999.].         ,                         [60 - Nadel A. Cold War Television and the Technology of Brainwashing // American Cold War Culture / Ed. by D. Field. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2005. P. 146147.].    ,       ,     ,             ,        [61 -         . : Roth-Ey K. Moscow Prime Time. P. 236237.]. ,  ,      .       ,     [62 -  . , 1960.    //  . 1960. 10. . 183.].  ,   ,      ,        1917    ,      ,      ,            ,   [63 - Clark K. Petersburg: Crucible of Cultural Revolution. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1995. P. 3038 [ . ,    / . . . . .:   , 2018. . 5366].]. ,  ,  ,        :   ,    ![64 -  .   . . 56.]. ,  ,                       ,       .

  컠   -     ,        1950? ,           [65 - Roth-Ey K. Moscow Prime Time. P. 244; Zubok V. Zhivagos Children. P. 140154.].                     ,   ,             ;      [66 - Roth-Ey K. Moscow Prime Time. P. 244.].                 ,        .   1940?   1950? ,      ,   ,        ( --  19491956 ),        :             ,       .  ,   ,      ,   ,                ,              [67 - Boddy W. Fifties Television: The Industry and Its Critics. Urbana-Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 1990. P. 74; Bernhard N. E. U. S. Television News and Cold War Propaganda. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999. P. 52.].

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         ,   ,    .                  1960?.            19691978 ,    1963            [72 -  .   //    / . . . . . 3? . . 25. .: . , 1976. . 378380.                 ()  : http://ftv.msu.ru/for_students/gos_bak.php. .        (2014)        : http://jf.spbu.ru/stu/3215/3217-148.html.].     ,     ,  ,       ,  ,      .                         [73 -     .: Roth-Ey K. Moscow Prime Time. P. 199208.].       ,       .     ,  ,          .  ,    ,     ,          ,                .

         1960?:        ,         ,         .                  1970?      ,    .         1957 ,    ,   ,      ,     ,              ,       [74 -         1930?,     . .: Papazian E. Manufacturing Truth: The Documentary Moment in Early Soviet Culture. DeKalb, IL: Northern Illinois University Press, 2009. P. 72.].      ,      : -,      ( ,  ),          ,  -,     ,          ,      [75 -               .: Pinsky A. The Individual After Stalin: Fedor Abramov, Russian Intellectuals, and the Revitalization of Soviet Socialism, 19531962. Ph. D. diss., Columbia University, 2011.              . : Evans A. Soviet Marxism-Leninism: The Decline of an Ideology. Westport, CT: Praeger, 1993. P. 132143; Bren P. The Greengrocer and His TV. P. 207; Shaw T., Youngblood D. Cinematic Cold War: The American and Soviet Struggle for Hearts and Minds. Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 2010. P. 4750, 112124; Klumbyte N. Soviet Ethical Citizenship: Morality, the State, and Laughter in Late Soviet Lithuania // Soviet Society in the Era of Late Socialism 19641985. P. 92; Evans C. The Soviet Way of Life as a Way of Feeling: Emotion and Influence on Soviet Central Television in the Brezhnev Era // Cahiers du monde russe. 2015. Vol. 56. 23. P. 543569.].            ,    :             .




       


    ,           1960? ,          ,   .      ,         ,               [76 - Dayan D., Katz E. Media Events. P. 1.].    -,                .  1957 ,        ,   ,  ,   ,     -                     (  )[77 - ., :  .     //  . 1953. 16 . . 2;    //  . 1956. 12 .        ,      , ,             ,        . .:  .             , 28 . 1958 . // . . 2930. . 1. . 2. . 1.      ; 1970 .      ,          .].                        ,   ,         [78 -              : . , . 25.           :  1957 .         ,      . .:  . .,  . .     (19571970) // www.tvmuseum.ru/catalog.asp?ob_no=4623.].       ,     ,      [79 - Roth-Ey K. Mass Media and the Re-making of Soviet Culture, 1950s1960s. Ph. D. diss., Princeton University, 2003. P. 341342.].   ,          ,          ,               [80 - ,           ,        -  ; Roth-Ey K. Moscow Prime Time. P. 227.        .: Gilburd E. To See Paris and Die: Western Culture in the Soviet Union, 1950s and 1960s. Ph. D. diss., University of California. Berkeley, 2010. P. 6976.].

 ,                . ,   , ,   ,                ,      ,  [81 -  .   :  . .: , 1963. . 184185.        .: Roth-Ey K. Moscow Prime Time. P. 236245.].  ,  ,    ,      ,  ,      ,   ,        .  :



     ,     ,  ,        . <>     -   ,   :     ,  ,        . ,        [82 -  .   . . 177, 186.].


,   ,          .        ,  ,      .          ,    ,   ,    ,  .   -  .       ,   养[83 - Ibid. P. 186.]        ,      ,  . 



      ,  ,      ,    ,   .      ,    ,   ,     ,  .     ![84 - Ibid.]


       ,    ,           .

     ,    ,         , ,            ,   ,     ,      , ,            .      ,       ,       ,   .        :         -?      , ,   ,      ,      [85 - Clark K. Petersburg. P. 3334 [ .  . 5760].].     1920?,        ,  1950?     ,     ,        .     ,         ,        ,  ,         .

     ,     ,       -,    ,                 .      ,   , ,     ,   .   ,  ,     ,        , , ,      [86 -  .   :   //  .,  .    ;   :  . .: , 1968. . 185.].           -,   ,   .

 ,     ,   ,                ,   ,     ,                       .   ,                .           XIX [87 -  .          //   :       . ., 1985. . 69.].  ,  ,    ,   ,    ,      [88 -   ,               ( .     //   . . 91).].     1930?           ,       (        [89 - Clark K. The Soviet Novel: History as Ritual. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981. P. 3641 [ .  :   . : -  -, 2002. . 39].]).

        :        , ,   ,  ,    ,    ,  ,       ,        .  ,   ,        ,    ,        .  ,    ,                     . ,        ,       ,     ,    .      .




        


          ,      1957       .         ,      .         1957                ,   [90 -     . : Roth-Ey K. Moscow Prime Time. P. 246253. .   .  :  . .,  . .    . . :  .   //  53:    /  . . . .: , 1988. . 206;  .        ( ).].            (   -)  ,   [91 - Roth-Ey K. Moscow Prime Time. P. 253.].   -,               ,  , ,     ,   ,      .      ,   .          ,       ,          ,              .

   , ,   ,     .                   .                  ,   [92 -       (14  1957 .) // . . 6903. . 31. . 3. . 13.].       ,        ,       ,        ;         ,    [93 - Roth-Ey K. Moscow Prime Time. P. 355356.].              ,       ,    ,   ,       [94 - Ibid.].                   ,     ,        1957 [95 -       (14  1957 .) // . . 6903. . 31. . 3. . 13.].      ,      ,    :       [96 -  .].       ;    ,        [97 -  .].

       :     ,         . , ,      . 29  1957                             ,      ,    ,     [98 - Roth-Ey K. Moscow Prime Time. P. 248250.].

  ,        ,     ,         [99 -       ,   ,   . ,      ,       . . .,   ,    ,           (? ͅ ! / . . , . , . . .: .        . .-. ., 1966. . 10).      ,     ,      ,    ,      ,           (      (14  1957 .) // . . 6903. . 31. . 3. . 17).].        ,     ,      .                           (, ),   .       ,      ,        [100 -  .].    ,            ,   ,   ,     ,   -        .           ,    ,   :       ,  -            [101 -  .       :  ,    ,         (Roth-Ey K. Moscow Prime Time. P. 250).].

                .   ,             .   . . ,        ,  ,    : ,  !      [102 - ? ͅ ! . 11.  ,           , ,      :   ?   ,  ? ( .  . . 206).].   ,         ,   ,       .

        1917?      ,    ,   [103 - Von Geldern J. Bolshevik Festivals, 19171920. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993. P. 134136.        .: Mally L. Revolutionary Acts: Amateur Theater and the Soviet State, 19171938. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2000. P. 4950.].    ,               ,     [104 - Roth-Ey K. Moscow Prime Time. P. 197198.].               1950?               [105 - Von Geldern J. Bolshevik Festivals. P. 45.].                             [106 -    .: Zubok V. Zhivagos Children. P. 122123.].        (  ,    ) .  ,       ,        1920 .          ,          ,      [107 - Romberg K. Aleksei Gans Constructivism, 19171928. Ph. D. diss., Columbia University, 2010. P. 53.].               ,      1920 ,       ,     ,     [108 - Ibid. P. 6465.].                      ,         ,    [109 - . :  .      //      (www.tvmuseum.ru/catalog.asp?ob_no=8725).].

,             ,   ,      ,  ,     .  ,       ,       ,   ,           [110 -       (14  1957 .) // . . 6903. . 31. . 3. . 63.].         ,       [111 -     .: Mally L. Revolutionary Acts; Costanzo S. Reclaiming the Stage: Amateur Theater-Studio Audiences in the Late Soviet Era // Slavic Review. 1998. Vol. 57. 2. P. 398424.].        ,       -   (  ),       ,    .

  -,     ,          [112 - Roth-Ey K. Moscow Prime Time. P. 251253.]. ,   ,        ,      (   ),       .    ,      ,     ;   ,       ,        [113 - Ibid. P. 255.].

     , ,  ,     ,  . ,     ,       ,     ,      .       ,   ,             ,    ,            ,  ,    ,    ,    [114 - ? ͅ ! . 11.].           (    )   -          (  ),        1970?       .




   


        ,   1950?    . ,        -,   ,         ,       ,           .         ,        ,         ,      .      ,        .    ,              ,        ,        ,     ,       .

,     .                ?    ,  ( )  ,     ?   .        ,  ,     ,          .

  1950?                        :         .       (     1957 ,      ),               [115 -     1957 .,   ,         ,  ,    (.:  .   //  53. . 134141).].         ,       [116 -        . : de Leeuw S., Mustata D. In-Vision Continuity Announcers: Performing an Identity for Early Television in Europe // View: Journal of European Television History and Culture. 2013. Vol. 2. 4. P. 5167.    . : Mah P. La television autrefois. P.: dition Ho?beke, 2006. P. 1821.].       -  ,         :    ,    [117 - Roth-Ey K. Moscow Prime Time. P. 240243.   -,           ,       . ,          ; .: de Leeuw S., Mustata D. In-Vision Continuity Announcers.  ,       .: Fishzon A. The Operatics of Everyday Life, or, How Authenticity Was Defined in Late Imperial Russia // Slavic Review. 2011. Vol. 70. 4. P. 795818.].

  ,    ,  -      :   .   ,               ,               ,          ,    [118 -  .    //  . 1959. 11. . 127128.].         ,       ,      ,   ,         [119 -           .: Lovell S. Broadcasting Bolshevik: The Radio Voice of Soviet Culture, 1920s1950s // Journal of Contemporary History. 2012. Vol. 48. 1. P. 7897.].      ,     1950?        ,            XX    1956 [120 -  .,  . 60?:   . 2? . .:   , 1998. . 6871.]. ,  ,          .                      [121 - Baughman J. Same Time, Same Station: Creating American Television. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2007. P. 4.           . :  .    //  . 1959. 7.          ,    .: Lacey K. Feminine Frequencies: Gender, German Radio, and the Public Sphere, 19231945. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1996. P. 1011.].   .     1960 ,  ,       ,  , ,  ,              .       ,   ,     ,         ,     [122 -  .      //  . 1960. 9. . 5.].

   ,   ,                         .               [123 -  . , 1960. . 179.].         ,  ,     ,     ,   .         ,    ,  ,     [124 -  . , 1960. . 179.].  ,        ,        ,   .  ,              ,    [125 -  .    [1963]. . 61.].

 ,       ,     ,    ,  ,   ,      [126 - Kharkhordin O. The Collective and the Individual in Russia: A Study of Practices. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999. P. 181. . : Fitzpatrick S. Tear Off the Masks! Identity and Imposture in Twentieth-Century Russia. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2004.].      1961  ,          ,       [127 -  .    [1963]. . 117.           .: Zubok V. Zhivagos Children. P. 140149; . : Wolfe T. Governing Soviet Journalism.].     ;   ,     ,            ,              XX  .     :                      .    ,       , ,         .




  


  ,       1960? ,     ,   -           [128 - Roth-Ey K. Moscow Prime Time. P. 267268.].    - -,     ,      ,        ,   ,  .         ,    :       ,   ,  ,        ,        .

                    [129 -         .: Huxtable S. The Problem of Personality P. 119130.].  ,   ,    1960 ,  ,    ,   ,  , , , ,   ,      ,     (  ) ,  , ,   .

  ,     ,               [130 - Clark K. The Soviet Novel. P. 38 [ .  :   . . 41].]. ,        , , -, ,                  ,     , ,         .

 ,          ,        ,   ,           .         :     (1954),  (1962)         1950?   1960? ,   1964     ,    ,      .

,   ,         :  1960          ,     ,    ,        ໠   [131 -       . .: - . ., 1987. . 542.].    ,    ,  ,    ,     .   1961      ,      ,       :     -,      ,     ,           [132 -  .    [1963]. . 46.].

       ,        1960?,  ,                       [133 -     ,    ,      ,   ,  .].        ,     1961 [134 -       1954 .,             1959 .  . . . ( .     .      . .: , 1983. . 128).].  ,    ,  ,         .  ,              ,  ,   ,       .     ,  ,            ,       ,    , , , [135 -  .     //  . 1961. 18 . . 3.]. ,     ,   , ,            ;          ,       ,         ,        -.

 ,   ,         ?     ,           ,     1960?,         :         ,    .




  


 ,     ,         .           .   1950?     ,  ,      ,               (   , ,  )     .           1949  (. 1)             ,                ,          1957 .






. 1.         (. . 1955)    ,  0-17464



       ,  ,     ,        [136 - .    :  . .,  . .    .].            ,           ,       .             ,     ,    ,      .   ,   ,     ,     ,            ,         ,   ,          [137 -  . .,  . .    .      ,       ,       ; ,   ,    -  ,  :       VI       .  // . . 4. . 104. . 30. . 181.].           ,   ,    1957 ,              ( ).          ,        .                        ,           ,                      [138 -  . .,  . .    .              :       13            ,  28 .      ,        ;  ,           ,       ,     ,     1962 . .: . . 2930. . 1. . 147. . 181.].

           .      1950?          ,     .       - ,    ; -     , ,            [139 - Doherty T. Cold War, Cool Medium: Television, McCarthyism, and American Culture. N. Y.: Columbia University Press, 2003. P. 85.].  1958          ,  ,  ,       , ,    [140 - Wolfe T. Governing Soviet Journalism. P. 39.].

,             ,    ,   ,    ,   .            ,                ,         .     ,             .    ,       ,     ,    ,    ,   .

              . ,    ,          .         ,           ,       1950? .                 (             ),        1958 ,             .  ,   , ,   ,            [141 -       ,         .  ,    ,      ,         ,       . .:  . , -58 //  53. . 160.].

              .               . ,  ,     .             .  ,      ,       1958        ![142 -  . . 161.]

        ,   ,   ,  ,          , ,   .         ,   ; ,         ,     ,      -  ,     [143 -  .].   ,     ,       ,           ,     .

      ,                ,           .      ,        ,   , ,     ,    .           .        ,    ,          .  ,    (   )  ,      ,       [144 -        ,     .].   ,   ,    ,             [145 -  . , -58. . 162.].            ,  ,     ( )    ,       ,      .

   ,                   , ,  ,  .                   ;        ,        ,     .




   :     (1960)


                1960 :                  [146 -   . :       . . 539545.].    -,      ,             [147 - Roth-Ey K. Moscow Prime Time. P. 287288.].   ,  1960         ,                [148 -       . . 540.].                    ,    ,    ,    ,      ( )    .

       ,     1960                 ,   .        ,     ,     .   -,     1960  (   ,  1962 )        ,          ,    ,  ,    , ⻠            ,  , , [149 -  . . 542.].            1960    .     ,  ,   ,     ,       ,     - [150 -       . . 540.].      ,      ,        ;    ,    ,            .  ,     1960      ,   1970?   ,             .

   , ,    ,              .      ,          .          ,    ,       (     )   .                   [151 -  .]. ,            ,               [152 -  . . 541.].  ,    1960       .              ,    ,                ,        [153 -        .: Roth-Ey K. Moscow Prime Time. P. 194195.         .: Huxtable S. The Problem of Personality].

     ,                ,    1961              (     ).        ,   ,       ,    ,        .    1958          ,           ,      ,    1961            .

,      ,      . ,     ,    ,     ,    .   ,                  ,   .



   ,   ,    ,          ,    [] ,   ,    , .       , []     ,   ,  ,           ,        .        ,     ,   [154 -               (12  1961 .) // . . 6903. . 1. . 712. . 1516.]


        ;     ,     ,  ,   ,          .      ,    ,    ,    .         [155 -  . . 2829.].

  ,           ,     .               .           ,     ,    :      ,   ,    ,    .     .    ,    ,  ,        :           .      ,          养[156 - Stanislavsky K. S. My Life in Art / Transl. by J. J. Robbins. 2nd ed. N. Y.: Meridian, 1957. P. 465 [ .    . .: , 2007. . 329330].]                   .



 1961           .           :      ,  ,  XXII  ,  ,      .      .  1960?     .  1959?              ,   ,     ,        [157 -    //      (www.tvmuseum.ru/search.asp?cat_ob_no=17&ob_no=17&a=1&pg=13).].

  1961              ,      :           12 .   , ,   ,        ,       ,          ,  ,   [158 -          . : Jenks A. The Cosmonaut Who Couldnt Stop Smiling: The Life and Legend of Yuri Gagarin. DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 2012. P. 160161.  ,       1975 ., ,            ,     :              (  , . 2007 .).].             , ,   ,      .     ,           [159 -  . .,  . .    .].     ,      ,    [160 -        ; .:  .    [1968]. . 167.       ; .: Lundgren L. Live from Moscow.].  ,       ,             (    ),              [161 -  . .,  . .    .].

     ,     .    ,       1957 ,    .           - , , ,    ,   -,       [162 -  .    [1968]. . 168.].    ,       -    .     ,   ,  :  ?   ?        ,           .

,     ,       ,   ,   ,      .        ,            (     ). ,     ,    ,             ,       ,         .   : ,                          , , ,      .   ,         ,     ,            .                  .  ,         .

 ,      ( ,    )    ,       .      1960?  1970?    :       ,          ,      ,       ,   .    -    ,     ?               .        ,      ,      ,      .  19701980?                 ,  ,            ,    [163 -  .          //   . . 7780.].  1982 ,  , ,     ,   ,         :     .  ,       .      ,   ,     [164 -  .  ,  //   . 1982. 4. . 13.].  ,    ,     ,                .




 2

 

       



                   1957 :        ,      [165 -    ,            ,              (Mihelj S. Audience History as a History of Ideas. P. 25).].         .         :  -1,           ,     ,            ,   ,      [166 -   1980? .         . ,  1985 .    ,               ?   ( .     //   . . 118).          ,        -   (Baughman J. Same Time, Same Station. P. 106).].

  19641965 ,          ,          .   1950?   1960?               ,   [167 - Roth-Ey K. Moscow Prime Time. P. 131145; Lovell S. Russia in the Microphone Age: A History of Soviet Radio, 19191970. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015. P. 155158.   -,              ,            .].         ,     :      ,          .   ,           ,       ,                  ,   1967       [168 - Roth-Ey K. Moscow Prime Time. P. 187.].

 ,        ,              .         :    (1967) :        [169 -  .  :   . .: .        , .-. , 1967. . 143.].            ,   ,     ,       [170 -  .  :   . . 141142.].  ,    ,         ,     ,       , ,           . ,     ,    ,       ;              .

   ,       ,        1960? [171 -         --  1930? . .: Scannell P. Radio, Television, and Modern Life: A Phenomenological Approach. Oxford: Blackwell, 1996. P. 910.].    ,        ,      (         ),      [172 -       .: First J. From Spectator to Differentiated Consumer.   .: Huxtable S. In Search of the Soviet Reader.].       1960?             [173 - First J. From Spectator to Differentiated Consumer. P. 332.      ,   , .: Shlapentokh V. The Politics of Sociology in the Soviet Union. Boulder, CO: Westview, 1987;  . .        .  2-:  . .: -, 2001.].      ,      ,     ,   ,    .

     ,                       ,       ,   19681970 .        ,      , ,    ,                  ,            ,   .          ,   1970?            .       ,    1960?,      .




  


         1960?                             .      :          ,  ,   -      .              .           ,       -:  ,        [174 -              .: Lenoe M. Closer to the Masses: Stalinist Culture, Social Revolution, and Soviet Newspapers. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2004. P. 1145.           .: Gronow J. Caviar with Champagne; Reid S. Cold War in the Kitchen. P. 211; Chernyshova N. Soviet Consumer Culture Under Brezhnev. L.: Routledge, 2013.].       , ,  ,   ,   ,   [175 -             ,               ,               (, ,  2005 .).].        ,  , ,    ,      [176 -        .: Roth-Ey K. Moscow Prime Time. P. 192194.     .: Yurchak A. Everything Was Forever P. 93102 [ .    . 192212].].

 19201930?         ,            .      ,  ,    ,     ,   ,    .   , ,         .    ,           ,   ,        .    ,  1920?   ,                ,        ,     [177 - Kassof B. The Markets Two Bodies. P. 4.].      ,         ,      .  , ,   ,        .       ,      [178 - Lenoe M. Closer to the Masses.].    ,    ,           [179 -       ; .: Lahusen T. How Life Writes the Book: Socialist Realism and Real Socialism in Stalins Russia. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1997.]. ,          ,               .  ,        ,         ,       ,           .

  1960?                 .                            .         1962  . . ,     ,  :



    ,        .               ?  ,        ?    ?[180 -       . . . .     .    (25 . 1962 .) // . . 2930. . 1. . 31. . 5.]


       ,           -  ,       .   ,             ,      1962 .

,         ,            1960? .                 . ,       1957     ,    ,     ,       [181 -      ,             1957 .:     ,  ,  ,     » (      (14  1957 .) // . . 6903. . 31. . 3. . 13).].  1950?   1960?          , , ,    ,          ,      .

  ,           ,        ,            ,      -  .   1960?               ;        -  ().      1944   - ,      ,       ,    1944  :       ,            .  1954  -    ,   1957                     -  [182 -  // . . 6903. . 3.].

 1959                -     .                      ,                      .          1948      ,         [183 -  // . . 6903. . 3.].            ;  ,     ,        1945 [184 -  .].   ,   ,         ,       ,       ,       [185 -                    1959 .   .     , ,     ,  ,     ,      ,                 ,     . .:      (13 . 1959 .) // . . 6903. . 1. . 612. . 2.   1960 .          ( . . 3233).           ,     ,   1962 .:          // . . 6903. . 1. . 770.].

              .     ,           ,    ,       ,      [186 -      .: Kozlov D. I Have Not Read, but I Will Say: Soviet Literary Audiences and Changing Ideas of Social Membership, 195866 // Kritika. 2006. Vol. 7. 3. P. 557597; Fitzpatrick S. Supplicants and Citizens: Public Letter-Writing in Soviet Russia in the 1930s // Slavic Review. 1996. Vol. 55. 1. P. 78.].    1950?                          .  1957            ,   ,   [187 -  // . . 6903. . 10,    ,         .  1960 .     ,         ,           .].       ,        ,  ,     ,          ,      [188 -             .: Razlogova E. The Listeners Voice: Early Radio and the American Public. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011.].

,    ,  ,    ,    ,        .  1960       ,          ,      ,         (,      ,  )[189 -   1957  1959 .  ,    1958 .  ;    1960 .   ,     : . . 6903. . 10. . 24.].

      ,    ,           ,        [190 -           ,      (Mickiewicz E. P. Media and the Russian Public. P. 121). ,   ,     :              ,    ( )                     .     1960? .    ,           ,              . ., : . . 6903. . 10. . 44. . 23.]. ,  ,           ,    .       ,       ,     ,          [191 - ., : . . 5. . 58. . 25. . 9798. .        1962 .     ,   : . . 6903. . 1. . 741. . 817.].

            ,            ,      [192 - ., : . . 6903. . 10. . 24  65. . 38.].     -:                 ,      .      ,     ,     :    ,       .    ,        ,   .               .              (     ) :       [193 -      ,   1964 .         ; .: Huxtable S. In Search of the Soviet Reader.].

      ,   ,   1960?        ,             [194 -    .   . ,      1980? . ,       : Mickiewicz E. P. Split Signals: Television and Politics in the Soviet Union. N. Y.: Oxford University Press, 1988. P. 8182.]. ,         1965 ,   ,         .    ,   ,  ,   ,  ,     ,      .              ,          [195 -        -   ,    .  // . . 6903. . 3. . 277. . 17.].          ,    1960?         (   ),  [196 -     ,    ;              ,      ,  ,     ; .: Mickiewicz E. P. Media and the Russian Public. P. 117; Roth-Ey K. Moscow Prime Time. P. 268273.].




   


                        ,          ,    .  ,    ,    ,  -  ,     ( ),          ,    -  ,    .       ,       1965 .          ,      ,   [197 - . . 6903. . 3. . 277. . 17.].         ,   .



  -  ,        .   :    ,      ,   ,      ,     .         .               -      .        ,    ,    .    ,  -    ,  ,    .          [198 -  . . 18.].


 ,          ,          ,      ,   .      ,   ,    .      ,     .          ,          ,    .      ,   ,    ,         ;     ,     [199 -     ,    . ,            ,       ,     ,   ,   ,      ( .  :   . . 178).].

            ,      :      ,   ,    ,      .  ,   ,       1960? , ,      .                [200 - ., : . . 6903. . 31. . 3. . 63.].

        ,     .           ,  ; ,     ,    .  1957                : ,     (        ),     ,    ,       [201 - . . 6903. . 1. . 522. . 35.].  :               ?

          ,    1963              ,       .        ,            .  ,       ,      ;  ,  , ,  ,                 ,    .

      ;          ,          .  1950? ,   ,    1960?          [202 -  ,  ?           . ., ,   1965 .,  : . . 6903. . 10. . 66. . 131, 143.].  ,          1958 , ,     ,      ,                     [203 -          1959 .; .:  . , -58. . 160.].    1959            ,       ; ?     ,    ,     ,   .



, 13  1959 

18.00   .         . 18.45     . 19.15   . 19.30  .   .     .     .






, 12  1959 

19.00   .   . 19.30   . 19.45     .     . .   . 21.15    .  .     [204 - ,     .   1959 .       ; 12         .].


       .      ;           ,      .         ,      ,     ,      .   ,     ,       . ,         :    ,    . ,  ,     ;    ,  ,     ,    ,  ,      .

 1965           .



, 14  1965 

 . 17.00   .   . 17.30   .   .  . 18.00   . 18.10   60-   .  . . 18.30  .   .   . 20.00  [  ]     . 21.00     . -   . 21.30   .


    -   ,   ,    ,      ( ,    ,        黠   ,     ).   ,      ( ,    ,    ,    1965 ),      ,  [205 -      .: Prokhorova E. Fragmented Mythologies: Soviet TV Miniseries of the 1970s. Ph. D. diss., University of Pittsburgh, 2003.].                  .         : ,  , .   ,                ,       .     :    ,           ,   .      ,   .

, ,       ,               ,   ,        .   1960? , ,   ,      .




    


  , ,    ,      1960?,  ,         ,            .      , ,  -     1960? ,         . ,      ,        .  ,               ,           .

         ,      ,    [206 -        ,   1945 .; .:  // . . 6903. . 3.          1920? .,         ( 19301940? .)     .].    1960?     ,      ,     ,                ,       [207 - ., : . . 6903. . 3. . 184, 211, 249.    ,          1960? .,     ,          .].       1965 ,       [208 -    1965 .     ; .: Shlapentokh V. The Politics of Sociology in the Soviet Union. P. 3334.].  1965?        ,   .                -    [209 - ., : . . 6903. . 3. . 281, 324, 411, 412.].    ;   1967    3500       ,   .          , ,    ,        [210 - ,      ,   ,            : . . 6903. . 3. . 407, 408.                 .: Mickiewicz E. P. Media and the Russian Public. P. 1415.].

,    19651967 ,  ,  ,    ,     ,         .    , ,    .           ?         (        ,     , ,  ,     )?[211 -         ,     : . . 6903. . 3. . 328, 329.]         ,      ,         .

   ,      1960? ,     ,     ,         ,   ,  , ,    .      ,   1963 ,    :            ,       .          ,         ,     , ,     ?[212 - . . 6903. . 3. . 211. . 3.]       ,                     .                 .     , ,      ,        ,  .      ,      ,    - .     ,  . :   - . -        .   ,   ,   ,   ,     . .,      .     [213 -           -      (1965) // . . 6903. . 3. . 280. . 20.].

      .  1967        , ,        ,        .       ,    ,     .     ,       26 000    ,  ;    ,   ,     ,  ,             [214 -  ,         : , ,      ( .,  .    // . 1968. 2. . 2325).].

            -       .   1965    -         ,                 [215 -        -   ,    .  // . . 6903. . 3. . 277. . 37.]. ,   19651966  ,       ,         ,           [216 - ., :                // . . 6903. . 3. . 281;                // . . 6903. . 3. . 329.].

         ,      19671968 ,      .  1967        ,   ,   ,         (  )     .        :  ,        .      :               .        ,         .                  [217 -                  1967 .    // . . 6903. . 3. . 407. . 12.].      1967    ,    ,     [218 -  ,        , .: . . 6903. . 3. . 410;  .   // . 1968. 8. . 6162.].

 1967     ,     ,      .          ,    ,     ,       .  ,             30   5  1967 , ,        , ,       .   ,    (         ),    .       ,      .       ,        ,        ,     [219 -          .   -  ,   30   5  1967 .,     // . . 6903. . 3. . 408. . 4.].

            -        .         ,      ,      ,     ,         ,    :         []          ,      1965 ,        .       [220 - . . 6903. . 3. . 277. . 12.].                           ,                 .

 ,       ,          .   ,                    .    ,    1964  1970 ,      1966 ,      ,        . ,  ,                ,  ,    ,    .      ,      ,     [221 - -. . 43. . 1. . 36. . 750.].  ,      :      ,        ,          ,      ,    养  ,  ,      ,  ,       .

   ,  ,   ,  ,   ,    ,    ,       ,     [222 - . . 6903. . 3. . 277. . 17.].  ,                 :          ,  ,      ,    .

                   1960? :     ,           .     -  ,      ,     ,  ,        , ,  54%    .   ,       ,           .       . ,   ,       ,  .       ,   ,   ,  .      ,   .      ,         [223 - . . 6903. . 3. . 408. . 6.].

                ,          .   ,  ,   ,           .            ,         ,     , ,  ,  ,      , ?      ,    .      ,      ,        ,        ,     .




    


              ,     ,     [224 -       .       .: Mihelj S. Audience History as a History of Ideas.       .: First J. From Spectator to Differentiated Consumer; Huxtable S. In Search of the Soviet Reader.].          ,          ,       ,  . -,             :        .   ,           ,    .      ,        1967     .   ,   [225 -  .      // . 1967. 4. . 36.].            ,   ,    ,     ,      [226 -            :  .     ! //    . 1967. 7. . 3033.            1970? .,                   .].           :        ,      ,       ,     .   ,     ,    ,    ,   ,         ,    [227 - Jones P. The Fire Burns On?].               ,       ,  ,     1964 ,   [228 - Huxtable S. In Search of the Soviet Reader.].           ,         ,         . ,        ,        ,      ,          [229 - Ibid.; First J. From Spectator to Differentiated Consumer. P. 332340.  ,       ,  ,          ,    (.: Huxtable S. In Search of the Soviet Reader).   Ը,          1970? .].

            ,   1965     .    1950?      ,      ,    .      ,       ,    .           , ,         ,      ,        .                ,   ,  ,   .

                ,  ,      ,             [230 - First J. From Spectator to Differentiated Consumer. P. 344.].   ,                  .  ,         1965 ,      ,  ,    ,      ,    ,     셻.   , ,  ,       ,   . <>  ,   ,    ,    ,     , , ,     [231 -        -   ,    .  // . . 6903. . 3. . 277. . 12.].       ,     :                    -   .

      , ,      ,        : , ,  ,             - ,    .        . ,             : ,          ,         - [232 -  .     . . 38.].   ,     ,      , ,          ,   .               ,   1960?       [233 -     .      : Scannell P. Radio, Television, and Modern Life.].             ,    ,              [234 -     1957 .   , !.                        () ,   4  1967 .,                   -     . .:  ,   //    . 1967. 11. . 4950.].            ,               ; ,       ,        [235 - ., :  .             // -. . 43. . 1. . 40. . 44;  .     . . 38.].

   ,                   ,                        [236 - Roth-Ey K. Moscow Prime Time. P. 199208.].  1967   ,     ,    ,         ,           ,     .  ,  ,          .     ,  ,             ,  ,   ,              .         ,       ,   :



   .

  .      .  [  ]    ,       .    ,      .          .

    -:       .  -    .   , [237 -  .    // . 1967. 6. . 3941.].





. 2.      ?   ,  腻 (. )  . 1970. . 33



    ; 1970       ,          (. 2).      ,   ,   :      ?   ,  腻

    ,          .        1965 ,    ,          ,   ,      ,    . ,      - ,          ,      .         ,       [238 - . . 6903. . 3. . 277. . 37.   ,   ,    ,             .].      ,   . ,   ,  ,      ,      ?

 ,        ,   ,          .   1965  -              ,        ,                 .           ,                .     :       ,    ,         ;   ,   ;       .          ,           [239 -             2 .   21 . 1966 . // . . 6903. . 1. . 886. . 196, 213.].

      ,    ,            ,    ,          .         ,   ,   .       ,      .   ,  ,    ,        ,           ,        [240 -  . . 206. ,              ,         .].

        :     ,     ,       ,         .          :    (  )      ,     (    , , , , )  . .. ,    ,      (,   ),    ,        .      ,     (,    ),         ,      .  ,    ,     ,     , , ,        [241 - . . 6903. . 1. . 886. . 207.].

               ,         ,          .       1965  ,           ,  , ,  XXII  ѻ[242 - . . 6903. . 3. . 277. . 12.].                       - [243 -             2 .   21 . 1966 . // . . 6903. . 1. . 886. . 207.].

   ,      ,       ,              ,          .       ,    ,       ,   ,  ,       [244 - First J. From Spectator to Differentiated Consumer. P. 336339; Huxtable S. In Search of the Soviet Reader. P. 630631.].   ,      ( ) ,   ,          :   ,      ,       ,  ,   [245 -              . ., :                     ,         20  1977 . (13  1977 .) // . . 2930. . 3. . 230. . 1819.].  ,        ,        ,    . ,      ,      1965  (. 3).  -          ;         ,        ,      ,     .    ,          -,    , ,   ,       1951 ,              [246 - Chaplin T. Turning on the Mind: French Philosophers on Television. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007. P. 14.].






. 3. - (. )  . 1965. . 17



        :               .    ,         -  ,       .    1967 ,         13%  17   27%  18 ,   52%  19  (     66%)   62% (    76%)  21 ,  ,   23 ,  .        ,       ,    .         ,  17 ,    23 .       ,     ,            89  [247 - . . 6903. . 3. . 412. . 15.].

                 ?  1968 ,    ,    ,       ,         -.  ,  , 



      ,        . <>            ,   .      5% ,   100%.         ,    ,             [248 - -. . 43. . 1. . 40. . 4243.].


      ,      : ,              ,        .       ,            ? -       ,       ,        .   , ,    -:          ,          , ,                  ,     .    ,   , ,    ,        .

,                ,   19681969 .    ,    17     23    (    ),   ,      -  . .   .   19691970 , ,     18:3019:00:                   (         ),          [249 -   1-    19691970  // . . 6903. . 1. . 973. . 252.].

    ,      ,   19691970     :   ,    ,  ,  ,   ;      ,     20:30,   1972     21:00,    .       ,       , ,   .        ,     ,  ,           [250 -   1969 .    .     ,       ,   (. . 6903. . 1. . 962. . 31).].

         , ,        ,      ,   .   1968     19681969 ,   19691970 ,  :



    19.0020.30 ,     ,       ,        .  , ,        ,  ,   ,   (),                ,   ,        (, , , )   [251 - . . 6903. . 1. . 973. . 243.].


             ,   -           .   1966    -             .    ,  -     ,       : , ,     ,   .



,      1   ,   ,   -          ,        .          19   22 .         .  , -       []    [252 -             15           22  1966 . // . . 6903. . 1. . 892. . 226.]


         -  , , ,       ,     . ,       ,   ,     ,          , ,    .




  :    


 ,              ,  ,        ,      ,                .     ,            ,     ,       .          [253 - . . 6903. . 3. . 412. . 5.].    1960?  1970?    ,            ,      ,       ,      .

    ,     , ,  ,          .           :  , ,    , ,   [254 -   1-    19691970  // . . 6903. . 1. . 973. . 252.].   ,     ,  -  ,      ,              ,  .       ,            [255 - . . 6903. . 48. . 115. . 9.]

     -     ,       .       1972 ,           (16,5%        8,6%    7,5%  ),       ,           .    ,      ,     .               ,       (      )    19601970? .           ,                ,    ,           .       ,     ,    ,   ,     [256 -  . . 10.].

 ,   ,       ,          ,     ,    ,           . ,           , ,    ,     ,  [257 - . . 6903. . 36. . 41. . 910.].         ,      ,      (             ).   1970?              ,        :  [258 -  .,  .    // . 1979. 7. . 23, 67.]




  .


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notes



1


   .: Dayan D., Katz E. Media Events: The Live Broadcasting of History. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1992. P. 124.     .: Carey J. Communication as Culture: Essays on Media and Society. N. Y.: Unwin Hyman, 1989. P. 1336.   ,         .: Mickiewicz E. P. Changing Channels: Television and the Struggle for Power in Russia. 2nd ed. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1999. P. 1322.




2


     ,      19601970? . .:  .  .       . .: , 2006. . 141151; Jones P. The Fire Burns On? The Fiery Revolutionaries Biographical Series and the Rethinking of Propaganda in the Brezhnev Era // Slavic Review. 2015. Vol. 74. 1. P. 3256; Yurchak A. Everything Was Forever Until It Was No More: The Last Soviet Generation. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2005. P. 1012 [ .   ,   :    / . . .:   , 2014. . 4851.         ].




3


  .: Roth-Ey K. Moscow Prime Time: How the Soviet Union Built the Media Empire that Lost the Cultural Cold War. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2011. P. 236245; Huxtable S. The Problem of Personality on the Soviet Screen, 1950s1960s // View: Journal of European Television History and Culture. 2014. Vol. 3. 5. P. 119130.




4


Yurchak A. Everything Was Forever P. 4750 [ .    . 108116]; Rolf M. Soviet Mass Festivals, 19171991 / Transl. by C. Klohr. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2013. P. 188192.




5


Roth-Ey K. Moscow Prime Time. P. 1213.




6


Jones P. Myth, Memory, Trauma: Rethinking the Stalinist Past in the Soviet Union, 19531970. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2014; Kozlov D. The Readers of Novyi Mir: Coming to Terms with the Stalinist Past. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2013.




7


Zubok V. Zhivagos Children: The Last Russian Intelligentsia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2009. P. 121160; Wolfe T. Governing Soviet Journalism: The Press and the Socialist Person After Stalin. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2005.




8


Roth-Ey K. Moscow Prime Time. P. 13; Wolfe T. Governing Soviet Journalism. P. 109.




9


Petrone K. Life Has Become More Joyous, Comrades: Celebrations in the Time of Stalin. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2000; Youngblood D. Movies for the Masses: Popular Cinema and Soviet Society in the 1920s. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993; Gronow J. Caviar with Champagne: Common Luxury and the Ideals of the Good Life in Stalins Russia. N. Y.: Bloomsbury Academic, 2003; Pleasures in Socialism: Leisure and Luxury in the Eastern Bloc / Ed. by D. Crowley, S. E. Reid. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 2010.     .: Roth-Ey K. Moscow Prime Time. P. 279; Gumbert H. Envisioning Socialism: Television and the Cold War in the German Democratic Republic. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2014. P. 11.




10


Edelman R. Spartak Moscow: A History of the Peoples Team in the Workers State. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2009. P. 8.  ,       , .: Gumbert H. Envisioning Socialism. P. 1011.




11


The Thaw: Soviet Society and Culture During the 1950s and 1960s / Ed. by E. Gilburd, D. Kozlov. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2013. P. 1881; Jones P. Myth, Memory, Trauma. P. 258261; Bittner S. The Many Lives of Khrushchevs Thaw: Experience and Memory in Moscows Arbat. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2008. P. 113; Lovell S. In Search of an Ending: Seventeen Moments and the Seventies // The Socialist Sixties: Crossing Borders in the Second World / Ed. by A. E. Gorsuch, D. P. Koenker. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2013. P. 303321.




12


Bushnell J. The New Soviet Man Turns Pessimist // The Soviet Union Since Stalin / Ed. by S. F. Cohen, A. Rabinowitch, R. Sharlet. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1980. P. 179199; Zubok V. Zhivagos Children. P. 297334.       1968 . .: Appelbaum R. A Test of Friendship: Soviet-Czechoslovak Tourism and the Prague Spring // The Socialist Sixties: Crossing Borders in the Second World / Ed. by A. E. Gorsuch, D. P. Koenker. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2013. P. 213232.




13


Roth-Ey K. Moscow Prime Time. P. 176222; Mickiewicz E. P. Media and the Russian Public. N. Y.: Praeger, 1981. P. 1819.




14


 1965 .         ,  1970 .      ,    35  .  1975 .      55     6,5    ( . .  , ,  ( ). .:   , 1982. . 64, 70; Mickiewicz E. P. Media and the Russian Public. P. 1819).




15


   //      (www.tvmuseum.ru/catalog.asp?ob_no=17 (20 . 2015 .)).




16


   1970? .: Lovell S. In Search of an Ending. P. 304. .       1970? :  . 2007. 2 (52); Lipovetsky M. Self-Portrait on a Timeless Background: Transformations of the Autobiographical Mode in Russian Postmodernism // a/b: Auto/Biography Studies. 1996. Vol. 11. 2. P. 141142.




17


Bacon E. Reconsidering Brezhnev // Brezhnev Reconsidered / Ed. by E. Bacon, M. Sandle. N. Y.: Palgrave MacMillan, 2002. P. 2; F?rst J. Where Did All the Normal People Go: Another Look at the Soviet 1970s // Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History. 2013. Vol. 14. 3. P. 621640; Soviet Society in the Era of Late Socialism, 19641985 / Ed. by N. Klumbyte, G. Sharafutdinova. Lanham, MD; Plymouth, UK: Lexington, 2013. P. 114; Rutland P., Smolkin-Rothrock V. Introduction: Looking Back at Brezhnev // Russian History. 2014. Vol. 41. 3. P. 299306; Yurchak A. Everything Was Forever P. 48 [ .    . 3844]; Zhuk S. Rock and Roll in the Rocket City: The West, Identity, and Ideology in Soviet Dniepropetrovsk, 19601985. Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 2010. P. 1013.




18


Bacon E. Reconsidering Brezhnev. P. 46; Yurchak A. Everything Was Forever P. 48 [ .    . 3844]; F?rst J. Where Did All the Normal People Go. P. 627.




19


.    .: Brezhnev Reconsidered; Soviet Society in the Era of Late Socialism. .   : Russian History. 2014. Vol.41. . : Ward C. Brezhnevs Folly: The Building of BAM and Late Soviet Socialism. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2009.




20


   ,  -         ,  ,      ; .: Troitsky A. Back in the USSR: The True Story of Rock in Russia. L.: Omnibus, 1987. P. 3334 [ . . Back in the USSR. .: , 2007. . 3435]; Yurchak A. Everything Was Forever P. 126157 [ .    . 255310].




21


     ,   ,   : Flatley J. Affective Mapping: Melancholia and the Politics of Modernism. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2008. P. 12.      .: Steinberg M. Petersburg Fin de Si?cle. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2011. P. 234267.




22


F?rst J. Stalins Last Generation: Soviet Post-War Youth and the Emergence of Mature Socialism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010. P. 131.




23


Suri J. Power and Protest: Global Revolution and the Rise of Dtente. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2003. P. 2.




24


Bren P. The Greengrocer and His TV: The Culture of Communism After the 1968 Prague Spring. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2010. P. 159176; Mihelj S. The Politics of Privatization: Television Entertainment and the Yugoslav Sixties // The Socialist Sixties: Crossing Borders in the Second World / Ed. by A. E. Gorsuch, D. P. Koenker. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2013. P. 251267.




25


Cowie J. Stayin Alive: The 1970s and the Last Days of the Working Class. N. Y.: New Press, 2010. P. 119; Beckett A. When the Lights Went Out: Britain in the Seventies. L.: Faber and Faber, 2009. P. 35; The Shock of the Global: The 1970s in Perspective / Ed. by N. Ferguson et al. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2010.




26


   ,   1970?         , ,        , ,   (.: Bittner S. The Many Lives of Khrushchevs Thaw. P. 113).




27


Roth-Ey K. Moscow Prime Time. P. 236245.




28


Schattenberg S. Democracy or Despotism? How the Secret Speech Was Translated into Everyday Life // The Dilemmas of De-Stalinization: Negotiating Cultural and Social Change in the Khrushchev Era / Ed. by P. Jones. N. Y.: Routledge, 2006. P. 6479.




29


Zweynert J. Developed Socialism and Soviet Economic Thought in the 1970s // Russian History. Vol. 41. 3. P. 354372.




30


     YouTube: www.youtube.com/watch?v=QWNtRyKIKfo (21 . 2015 .).




31


Imre A. Identity Games: Globalization and the Transformation of Media Cultures in the New Europe. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2009. P. 1112.




32


Westad O. A. The Great Transformation: China in the Long 1970s // Shock of the Global: The 1970s in Perspective / Ed. by N. Ferguson et al. Cambridge, MA: Belknap, 2011. P. 6579.




33


Imre A. Identity Games. P. 13.




34


Ibid. P. 11.




35


          1960? .   ,        (Roth-Ey K. Moscow Prime Time. P. 192194).      1960? .: Mihelj S. Audience History as a History of Ideas: The Active Audience of the Socialist Sixties // European Journal of Communication. 2015. Vol. 30. 1. P. 2829.




36


            (     )    ,   ,   . ., : Gumbert H. Envisioning Socialism; A European Television History / Ed. by J. Bignell, A. Fickers. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2008; Popular Television in Eastern Europe During and Since Socialism / Ed. by T. Havens, A. Imre, K. Lustyik. N. Y.: Routledge, 2013.        View: Journal of European Television History and Culture  - www.euscreen.eu.




37


Mihelj S. Television Entertainment in Socialist Eastern Europe // Popular Television in Eastern Europe P. 1516.     : Varis T. International Flow of Television Programmes. P.: UNESCO, 1985; Nordenstreng K., Varis T. Television Traffic  A One-Way Street? A Survey and Analysis of the International Flow of Television Material. P.: UNESCO, 1974.




38


Roth-Ey K. Moscow Prime Time. P. 179.




39


Hilmes M. Network Nations: A Transnational History of British and American Broadcasting. N. Y.: Routledge, 2012. P. 2.




40


Ibid. P. 8.




41


Roth-Ey K. Moscow Prime Time. P. 111.




42


Ibid. P. 279.




43


Ibid. P. 246. . : Janco A. KVN: Live Television and Improvised Comedy in the Soviet Union, 195771 // Popular Television in Authoritarian Europe / Ed. by P. Goddard. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2013. P. 124140.




44


Roth-Ey K. Moscow Prime Time. P. 261268.




45


Levine E., Newman M. Z. Legitimating Television: Media Convergence and Cultural Status. N. Y.: Routledge, 2012. P. 113.




46


,     ,   ,         . ., , .: Popular Television in Eastern Europe (          (. 1329)).




47


        .: Spigel L. Make Room for TV: Television and the Family Ideal in Post-War America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992.




48


Roth-Ey K. Moscow Prime Time. P. 199208.




49


Huxtable S. In Search of the Soviet Reader: The Kosygin Reforms, Sociology, and Changing Concepts of Soviet Society, 19641970 // Cahiers du monde russe. 2013. Vol. 54. 3. P. 623642; First J. From Spectator to Differentiated Consumer: Film Audience Research in the Era of Developed Socialism (196580) // Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History. 2008. Vol. 9. 2. P. 317344.




50


Huxtable S. Real Socialism, Socialist Realism: Representing Soviet Normality in 1970s TV Drama  ,   2014 .   ASEEES   ,     (-, ).        .: Bren P. The Greengrocer and His TV; Mihelj S. The Politics of Privatization. P. 251267; Imre A. Television for Socialist Women // Screen. 2013. Vol. 54. 2. P. 249255; Imre A. Adventures in Early Socialist Television Edutainment // Popular Television in Eastern Europe P. 3046; Kochanowski K. et al. An Evening with Friends and Enemies // Popular Television in Eastern Europe P. 81101; Hammer F. Coy Utopia: Politics in the First Hungarian TV Soap // Popular Television in Eastern Europe P. 222240; Machek J. The Counter Lady as a Female Prototype: Prime-Time Popular Culture in 1970s and 1980s Czechoslovakia // Media Research: Croatian Journal for Journalism and Media. 2010. Vol. 16. 1. P. 3152.




51


  ,      , .: Popular Television in Eastern Europe P. 4, 3046, 65104.




52


   ,       ,        19601970? . (Mihelj S. Television Entertainment in Socialist Eastern Europe // Popular Television in Eastern Europe P. 1820).




53


Oushakine S. Laughter Under Socialism: Exposing the Ocular in Soviet Jocularity // Slavic Review. 2011. Vol. 70. 2. P. 247255.




54


     .: Yurchak A. Everything Was Forever P. 126157 [ .    . 255310].   .: Roth-Ey K. Moscow Prime Time. P. 233235, 251253.      ,     ,      ;       ,  ,           .     ,                        .




55


      1982 .




56


.:    ?:     / . . . , . . . .: , 2010. . 92.




57


   ,         ,     ,    ,          (Mihelj S. Audience History as a History of Ideas. P. 25).




58


  ,         .: Reid S. Cold War in the Kitchen: Gender and the De-Stalinization of Consumer Taste in the Soviet Union Under Khrushchev // Slavic Review. 2002. Vol. 61. 2. P. 211252; Kelly C. Refining Russia: Advice Literature, Polite Culture, and Gender from Catherine to Yeltsin. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001 ( . 5); Communism Unwrapped: Consumption in Cold War Eastern Europe / Ed. by P. Bren, M. Neuberger. N. Y.: Oxford University Press, 2012.




59


   (   )       .: Bolter J. D., Grusin R. Remediation: Understanding New Media. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1999.




60


Nadel A. Cold War Television and the Technology of Brainwashing // American Cold War Culture / Ed. by D. Field. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2005. P. 146147.




61


        . : Roth-Ey K. Moscow Prime Time. P. 236237.




62


 . , 1960.    //  . 1960. 10. . 183.




63


Clark K. Petersburg: Crucible of Cultural Revolution. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1995. P. 3038 [ . ,    / . . . . .:   , 2018. . 5366].




64


 .   . . 56.




65


Roth-Ey K. Moscow Prime Time. P. 244; Zubok V. Zhivagos Children. P. 140154.




66


Roth-Ey K. Moscow Prime Time. P. 244.




67


Boddy W. Fifties Television: The Industry and Its Critics. Urbana-Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 1990. P. 74; Bernhard N. E. U. S. Television News and Cold War Propaganda. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999. P. 52.




68


Mihelj S. Television Entertainment in Socialist Eastern Europe // Popular Television in Eastern Europe P. 1329; Mihelj S. The Politics of Privatization.




69


Caute D. The Dancer Defects: The Struggle for Cultural Supremacy During the Cold War. N. Y.: Oxford University Press, 2003. P. 34.




70


       ,        .: Schwoch J. Global TV: New Media and the Cold War, 19461969. Urbana-Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 2009; Lundgren L. Live from Moscow: The Celebration of Yuri Gagarin and Transnational Television in Europe // View: Journal of European Television History and Culture. 2012. Vol. 1. 2. P. 4555.




71


      XX . .: Poggi G. The Development of the Modern State: A Sociological Introduction. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1978. P. 132134.




72


 .   //    / . . . . . 3? . . 25. .: . , 1976. . 378380.                 ()  : http://ftv.msu.ru/for_students/gos_bak.php. .        (2014)        : http://jf.spbu.ru/stu/3215/3217-148.html.




73


    .: Roth-Ey K. Moscow Prime Time. P. 199208.




74


        1930?,     . .: Papazian E. Manufacturing Truth: The Documentary Moment in Early Soviet Culture. DeKalb, IL: Northern Illinois University Press, 2009. P. 72.




75


              .: Pinsky A. The Individual After Stalin: Fedor Abramov, Russian Intellectuals, and the Revitalization of Soviet Socialism, 19531962. Ph. D. diss., Columbia University, 2011.              . : Evans A. Soviet Marxism-Leninism: The Decline of an Ideology. Westport, CT: Praeger, 1993. P. 132143; Bren P. The Greengrocer and His TV. P. 207; Shaw T., Youngblood D. Cinematic Cold War: The American and Soviet Struggle for Hearts and Minds. Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 2010. P. 4750, 112124; Klumbyte N. Soviet Ethical Citizenship: Morality, the State, and Laughter in Late Soviet Lithuania // Soviet Society in the Era of Late Socialism 19641985. P. 92; Evans C. The Soviet Way of Life as a Way of Feeling: Emotion and Influence on Soviet Central Television in the Brezhnev Era // Cahiers du monde russe. 2015. Vol. 56. 23. P. 543569.




76


Dayan D., Katz E. Media Events. P. 1.




77


., :  .     //  . 1953. 16 . . 2;    //  . 1956. 12 .        ,      , ,             ,        . .:  .             , 28 . 1958 . // . . 2930. . 1. . 2. . 1.      ; 1970 .      ,          .




78


             : . , . 25.           :  1957 .         ,      . .:  . .,  . .     (19571970) // www.tvmuseum.ru/catalog.asp?ob_no=4623.




79


Roth-Ey K. Mass Media and the Re-making of Soviet Culture, 1950s1960s. Ph. D. diss., Princeton University, 2003. P. 341342.




80


,           ,        -  ; Roth-Ey K. Moscow Prime Time. P. 227.        .: Gilburd E. To See Paris and Die: Western Culture in the Soviet Union, 1950s and 1960s. Ph. D. diss., University of California. Berkeley, 2010. P. 6976.




81


 .   :  . .: , 1963. . 184185.        .: Roth-Ey K. Moscow Prime Time. P. 236245.




82


 .   . . 177, 186.




83


Ibid. P. 186.




84


Ibid.




85


Clark K. Petersburg. P. 3334 [ .  . 5760].




86


 .   :   //  .,  .    ;   :  . .: , 1968. . 185.




87


 .          //   :       . ., 1985. . 69.




88


  ,               ( .     //   . . 91).




89


Clark K. The Soviet Novel: History as Ritual. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981. P. 3641 [ .  :   . : -  -, 2002. . 39].




90


    . : Roth-Ey K. Moscow Prime Time. P. 246253. .   .  :  . .,  . .    . . :  .   //  53:    /  . . . .: , 1988. . 206;  .        ( ).




91


Roth-Ey K. Moscow Prime Time. P. 253.




92


      (14  1957 .) // . . 6903. . 31. . 3. . 13.




93


Roth-Ey K. Moscow Prime Time. P. 355356.




94


Ibid.




95


      (14  1957 .) // . . 6903. . 31. . 3. . 13.




96


 .




97


 .




98


Roth-Ey K. Moscow Prime Time. P. 248250.




99


      ,   ,   . ,      ,       . . .,   ,    ,           (? ͅ ! / . . , . , . . .: .        . .-. ., 1966. . 10).      ,     ,      ,    ,      ,           (      (14  1957 .) // . . 6903. . 31. . 3. . 17).




100


 .




101


 .       :  ,    ,         (Roth-Ey K. Moscow Prime Time. P. 250).




102


? ͅ ! . 11.  ,           , ,      :   ?   ,  ? ( .  . . 206).




103


Von Geldern J. Bolshevik Festivals, 19171920. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993. P. 134136.        .: Mally L. Revolutionary Acts: Amateur Theater and the Soviet State, 19171938. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2000. P. 4950.




104


Roth-Ey K. Moscow Prime Time. P. 197198.




105


Von Geldern J. Bolshevik Festivals. P. 45.




106


   .: Zubok V. Zhivagos Children. P. 122123.




107


Romberg K. Aleksei Gans Constructivism, 19171928. Ph. D. diss., Columbia University, 2010. P. 53.




108


Ibid. P. 6465.




109


. :  .      //      (www.tvmuseum.ru/catalog.asp?ob_no=8725).




110


      (14  1957 .) // . . 6903. . 31. . 3. . 63.




111


    .: Mally L. Revolutionary Acts; Costanzo S. Reclaiming the Stage: Amateur Theater-Studio Audiences in the Late Soviet Era // Slavic Review. 1998. Vol. 57. 2. P. 398424.




112


Roth-Ey K. Moscow Prime Time. P. 251253.




113


Ibid. P. 255.




114


? ͅ ! . 11.




115


    1957 .,   ,         ,  ,    (.:  .   //  53. . 134141).




116


       . : de Leeuw S., Mustata D. In-Vision Continuity Announcers: Performing an Identity for Early Television in Europe // View: Journal of European Television History and Culture. 2013. Vol. 2. 4. P. 5167.    . : Mah P. La television autrefois. P.: dition Ho?beke, 2006. P. 1821.




117


Roth-Ey K. Moscow Prime Time. P. 240243.   -,           ,       . ,          ; .: de Leeuw S., Mustata D. In-Vision Continuity Announcers.  ,       .: Fishzon A. The Operatics of Everyday Life, or, How Authenticity Was Defined in Late Imperial Russia // Slavic Review. 2011. Vol. 70. 4. P. 795818.




118


 .    //  . 1959. 11. . 127128.




119


          .: Lovell S. Broadcasting Bolshevik: The Radio Voice of Soviet Culture, 1920s1950s // Journal of Contemporary History. 2012. Vol. 48. 1. P. 7897.




120


 .,  . 60?:   . 2? . .:   , 1998. . 6871.




121


Baughman J. Same Time, Same Station: Creating American Television. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2007. P. 4.           . :  .    //  . 1959. 7.          ,    .: Lacey K. Feminine Frequencies: Gender, German Radio, and the Public Sphere, 19231945. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1996. P. 1011.




122


 .      //  . 1960. 9. . 5.




123


 . , 1960. . 179.




124


 . , 1960. . 179.




125


 .    [1963]. . 61.




126


Kharkhordin O. The Collective and the Individual in Russia: A Study of Practices. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999. P. 181. . : Fitzpatrick S. Tear Off the Masks! Identity and Imposture in Twentieth-Century Russia. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2004.




127


 .    [1963]. . 117.           .: Zubok V. Zhivagos Children. P. 140149; . : Wolfe T. Governing Soviet Journalism.




128


Roth-Ey K. Moscow Prime Time. P. 267268.




129


        .: Huxtable S. The Problem of Personality P. 119130.




130


Clark K. The Soviet Novel. P. 38 [ .  :   . . 41].




131


      . .: - . ., 1987. . 542.




132


 .    [1963]. . 46.




133


    ,    ,      ,   ,  .




134


      1954 .,             1959 .  . . . ( .     .      . .: , 1983. . 128).




135


 .     //  . 1961. 18 . . 3.




136


.    :  . .,  . .    .




137


 . .,  . .    .      ,       ,       ; ,   ,    -  ,  :       VI       .  // . . 4. . 104. . 30. . 181.




138


 . .,  . .    .              :       13            ,  28 .      ,        ;  ,           ,       ,     ,     1962 . .: . . 2930. . 1. . 147. . 181.




139


Doherty T. Cold War, Cool Medium: Television, McCarthyism, and American Culture. N. Y.: Columbia University Press, 2003. P. 85.




140


Wolfe T. Governing Soviet Journalism. P. 39.




141


      ,         .  ,    ,      ,         ,       . .:  . , -58 //  53. . 160.




142


 . . 161.




143


 .




144


       ,     .




145


 . , -58. . 162.




146


  . :       . . 539545.




147


Roth-Ey K. Moscow Prime Time. P. 287288.




148


      . . 540.




149


 . . 542.




150


      . . 540.




151


 .




152


 . . 541.




153


       .: Roth-Ey K. Moscow Prime Time. P. 194195.         .: Huxtable S. The Problem of Personality




154


              (12  1961 .) // . . 6903. . 1. . 712. . 1516.




155


 . . 2829.




156


Stanislavsky K. S. My Life in Art / Transl. by J. J. Robbins. 2nd ed. N. Y.: Meridian, 1957. P. 465 [ .    . .: , 2007. . 329330].




157


   //      (www.tvmuseum.ru/search.asp?cat_ob_no=17&ob_no=17&a=1&pg=13).




158


         . : Jenks A. The Cosmonaut Who Couldnt Stop Smiling: The Life and Legend of Yuri Gagarin. DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 2012. P. 160161.  ,       1975 ., ,            ,     :              (  , . 2007 .).




159


 . .,  . .    .




160


       ; .:  .    [1968]. . 167.       ; .: Lundgren L. Live from Moscow.




161


 . .,  . .    .




162


 .    [1968]. . 168.




163


 .          //   . . 7780.




164


 .  ,  //   . 1982. 4. . 13.




165


   ,            ,              (Mihelj S. Audience History as a History of Ideas. P. 25).




166


  1980? .         . ,  1985 .    ,               ?   ( .     //   . . 118).          ,        -   (Baughman J. Same Time, Same Station. P. 106).




167


Roth-Ey K. Moscow Prime Time. P. 131145; Lovell S. Russia in the Microphone Age: A History of Soviet Radio, 19191970. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015. P. 155158.   -,              ,            .




168


Roth-Ey K. Moscow Prime Time. P. 187.




169


 .  :   . .: .        , .-. , 1967. . 143.




170


 .  :   . . 141142.




171


        --  1930? . .: Scannell P. Radio, Television, and Modern Life: A Phenomenological Approach. Oxford: Blackwell, 1996. P. 910.




172


      .: First J. From Spectator to Differentiated Consumer.   .: Huxtable S. In Search of the Soviet Reader.




173


First J. From Spectator to Differentiated Consumer. P. 332.      ,   , .: Shlapentokh V. The Politics of Sociology in the Soviet Union. Boulder, CO: Westview, 1987;  . .        .  2-:  . .: -, 2001.




174


             .: Lenoe M. Closer to the Masses: Stalinist Culture, Social Revolution, and Soviet Newspapers. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2004. P. 1145.           .: Gronow J. Caviar with Champagne; Reid S. Cold War in the Kitchen. P. 211; Chernyshova N. Soviet Consumer Culture Under Brezhnev. L.: Routledge, 2013.




175


            ,               ,               (, ,  2005 .).




176


       .: Roth-Ey K. Moscow Prime Time. P. 192194.     .: Yurchak A. Everything Was Forever P. 93102 [ .    . 192212].




177


Kassof B. The Markets Two Bodies. P. 4.




178


Lenoe M. Closer to the Masses.




179


      ; .: Lahusen T. How Life Writes the Book: Socialist Realism and Real Socialism in Stalins Russia. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1997.




180


      . . . .     .    (25 . 1962 .) // . . 2930. . 1. . 31. . 5.




181


     ,             1957 .:     ,  ,  ,     » (      (14  1957 .) // . . 6903. . 31. . 3. . 13).




182


 // . . 6903. . 3.




183


 // . . 6903. . 3.




184


 .




185


                   1959 .   .     , ,     ,  ,     ,      ,                 ,     . .:      (13 . 1959 .) // . . 6903. . 1. . 612. . 2.   1960 .          ( . . 3233).           ,     ,   1962 .:          // . . 6903. . 1. . 770.




186


     .: Kozlov D. I Have Not Read, but I Will Say: Soviet Literary Audiences and Changing Ideas of Social Membership, 195866 // Kritika. 2006. Vol. 7. 3. P. 557597; Fitzpatrick S. Supplicants and Citizens: Public Letter-Writing in Soviet Russia in the 1930s // Slavic Review. 1996. Vol. 55. 1. P. 78.




187


 // . . 6903. . 10,    ,         .  1960 .     ,         ,           .




188


            .: Razlogova E. The Listeners Voice: Early Radio and the American Public. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011.




189


  1957  1959 .  ,    1958 .  ;    1960 .   ,     : . . 6903. . 10. . 24.




190


          ,      (Mickiewicz E. P. Media and the Russian Public. P. 121). ,   ,     :              ,    ( )                     .     1960? .    ,           ,              . ., : . . 6903. . 10. . 44. . 23.




191


., : . . 5. . 58. . 25. . 9798. .        1962 .     ,   : . . 6903. . 1. . 741. . 817.




192


., : . . 6903. . 10. . 24  65. . 38.




193


     ,   1964 .         ; .: Huxtable S. In Search of the Soviet Reader.




194


   .   . ,      1980? . ,       : Mickiewicz E. P. Split Signals: Television and Politics in the Soviet Union. N. Y.: Oxford University Press, 1988. P. 8182.




195


       -   ,    .  // . . 6903. . 3. . 277. . 17.




196


    ,    ;              ,      ,  ,     ; .: Mickiewicz E. P. Media and the Russian Public. P. 117; Roth-Ey K. Moscow Prime Time. P. 268273.




197


. . 6903. . 3. . 277. . 17.




198


 . . 18.




199


    ,    . ,            ,       ,     ,   ,   ,      ( .  :   . . 178).




200


., : . . 6903. . 31. . 3. . 63.




201


. . 6903. . 1. . 522. . 35.




202


 ,  ?           . ., ,   1965 .,  : . . 6903. . 10. . 66. . 131, 143.




203


         1959 .; .:  . , -58. . 160.




204


,     .   1959 .       ; 12         .




205


     .: Prokhorova E. Fragmented Mythologies: Soviet TV Miniseries of the 1970s. Ph. D. diss., University of Pittsburgh, 2003.




206


       ,   1945 .; .:  // . . 6903. . 3.          1920? .,         ( 19301940? .)     .




207


., : . . 6903. . 3. . 184, 211, 249.    ,          1960? .,     ,          .




208


   1965 .     ; .: Shlapentokh V. The Politics of Sociology in the Soviet Union. P. 3334.




209


., : . . 6903. . 3. . 281, 324, 411, 412.




210


,      ,   ,            : . . 6903. . 3. . 407, 408.                 .: Mickiewicz E. P. Media and the Russian Public. P. 1415.




211


        ,     : . . 6903. . 3. . 328, 329.




212


. . 6903. . 3. . 211. . 3.




213


          -      (1965) // . . 6903. . 3. . 280. . 20.




214


 ,         : , ,      ( .,  .    // . 1968. 2. . 2325).




215


       -   ,    .  // . . 6903. . 3. . 277. . 37.




216


., :                // . . 6903. . 3. . 281;                // . . 6903. . 3. . 329.




217


                 1967 .    // . . 6903. . 3. . 407. . 12.




218


 ,        , .: . . 6903. . 3. . 410;  .   // . 1968. 8. . 6162.




219


         .   -  ,   30   5  1967 .,     // . . 6903. . 3. . 408. . 4.




220


. . 6903. . 3. . 277. . 12.




221


-. . 43. . 1. . 36. . 750.




222


. . 6903. . 3. . 277. . 17.




223


. . 6903. . 3. . 408. . 6.




224


      .       .: Mihelj S. Audience History as a History of Ideas.       .: First J. From Spectator to Differentiated Consumer; Huxtable S. In Search of the Soviet Reader.




225


 .      // . 1967. 4. . 36.




226


           :  .     ! //    . 1967. 7. . 3033.            1970? .,                   .




227


Jones P. The Fire Burns On?




228


Huxtable S. In Search of the Soviet Reader.




229


Ibid.; First J. From Spectator to Differentiated Consumer. P. 332340.  ,       ,  ,          ,    (.: Huxtable S. In Search of the Soviet Reader).   Ը,          1970? .




230


First J. From Spectator to Differentiated Consumer. P. 344.




231


       -   ,    .  // . . 6903. . 3. . 277. . 12.




232


 .     . . 38.




233


    .      : Scannell P. Radio, Television, and Modern Life.




234


    1957 .   , !.                        () ,   4  1967 .,                   -     . .:  ,   //    . 1967. 11. . 4950.




235


., :  .             // -. . 43. . 1. . 40. . 44;  .     . . 38.




236


Roth-Ey K. Moscow Prime Time. P. 199208.




237


 .    // . 1967. 6. . 3941.




238


. . 6903. . 3. . 277. . 37.   ,   ,    ,             .




239


            2 .   21 . 1966 . // . . 6903. . 1. . 886. . 196, 213.




240


 . . 206. ,              ,         .




241


. . 6903. . 1. . 886. . 207.




242


. . 6903. . 3. . 277. . 12.




243


            2 .   21 . 1966 . // . . 6903. . 1. . 886. . 207.




244


First J. From Spectator to Differentiated Consumer. P. 336339; Huxtable S. In Search of the Soviet Reader. P. 630631.




245


             . ., :                     ,         20  1977 . (13  1977 .) // . . 2930. . 3. . 230. . 1819.




246


Chaplin T. Turning on the Mind: French Philosophers on Television. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007. P. 14.




247


. . 6903. . 3. . 412. . 15.




248


-. . 43. . 1. . 40. . 4243.




249


  1-    19691970  // . . 6903. . 1. . 973. . 252.




250


  1969 .    .     ,       ,   (. . 6903. . 1. . 962. . 31).




251


. . 6903. . 1. . 973. . 243.




252


            15           22  1966 . // . . 6903. . 1. . 892. . 226.




253


. . 6903. . 3. . 412. . 5.




254


  1-    19691970  // . . 6903. . 1. . 973. . 252.




255


. . 6903. . 48. . 115. . 9.




256


 . . 10.




257


. . 6903. . 36. . 41. . 910.




258


 .,  .    // . 1979. 7. . 23, 67.


