  
 


 
         1920?  1930?.      ,       .    젖      .     ࠖ   ,           .          ,   (-  , 1999)  (  , 2002).          .





 

  

      








 ࠖ  ,         1920?⠖  ,  19891990  1999?    Stories for Little Comrades: Revolutionary artists and the making of the Early Soviet childrens books (Seattle; London: University of Washington Press;    :      ).              ( )    (, , )       .  , ,  :  -    ,    ,     ,  ,  ,     .  ,       -    1920?  1930?        젖    .

            .   ,     , ,   ,           ,  ,    (  ,  ,   ) .

,     ,     -    -  ,        ,              ,      ,       1920?.

 젖 ,     ࠖ   ,    (, , ,          ,     ),  (  )  ,      ,          , ,    蠖     젖 .     -    -        ,  ,  ,   [1 -   ,   . (      ),   :  ,     1920?,        ( .  . .:, 1994. .15).].

          .            ,     .               .     : 2001   Small Comrades: Revolutionizing Childhood in Soviet Russia, 19171932[2 - KirschenbaumL.A. Small Comrades: Revolutionizing Childhood in Soviet Russia, 19171932. New York: Routledge Falmer, 2001.] ( :    , 19171932).            (     19201930?) Tales for Small Rebels: A Collection of Radical Childrens Literature[3 - MickenbergJ., Nel Ph. Tales for Small Rebels: A Collection of Radical Childrens Literature. New York: New York University Press, 2008.] (   :    ).

            :    ,     ,   [4 -    -    : Lv?queF., Plantureux S.Dictionnaire des illustrateurs de livres denfants russes et sovitiques (19171945). Paris: Biblioth?que lHeure Joyeuse, 1997. 368 p.        .               . -    : Marinelli-K?nig G. Russische Kinderliteratur in der Sowjetunion der Jahre 19201930. Munich: Verlag Otto Sagner, 2007.     :          -,       렖 The Russian Avant-garde Book 19101934. MOMA Exhibition March28 May 21 2002.        -   : From the Silver Age to Stalin: Russian Childrens Book Illustration in the Sasha Lurye Collection. November7 2003 January 18 2004. Amherst, MA, 2003.         : KellyC. Grandpa Lenin and Uncle Stalin: Soviet Leader Cult fr Little Children// The Leader Cult in Communist Dictatorships: Stalin and the Eastern Bloc/ Ed. B.Apor et al. Houndmills and New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2004; Idem. Childrens World: Growing Up in Russia 18901991. Yale, 2007.           : BalinaM. Introduction// Politicizing Magic: An Anthology of Russian and Soviet Fairy Tales/ Ed. M.Balina, H.Goscilo, M.Lipovetsky. Evanston, Ill.: Northwestern University, 2005; Idem. Its Grand to be and Orphan!: Crafting Happy Citizens in Soviet Childrens Literature of the 1920s// Petrified Utopia: Happiness Soviet Style/ M.Balina, E.Dobrenko, eds. Anthem Press, 2009. P.97115.  2009?         : OlichJ.M. Competing Ideologies and Childrens Literature in Russia, 19181935. VDM Verlag: Saarbruken,       ,      : Competing Ideologies and Childrens Books: The Making of a Soviet Childrens Literature, 19181935 (2000).    Inside the Rainbow: Russian Childrens Literature 192035: Beautiful Books, Terrible Times/ J. Rothenstein, O. Budashevskaya, eds. London: Redstone Press, 2013.].       : ,           .          -, ,  .

-      젖    :     1920?⻠     2002    .   ,  -            .   ,         1015   [5 - .:    19001930.     / . .. .:, 1997.  :   젖 ..   -. .: XXI, 2005;      18811939. .12/ . . .; . . .  .. .: , , 2009 ( .      ); -ꠖ  .     19001991. .:-, 2008. (        .).       ,     ,      : .  . .:  , 2010.].

     ,             ,      ,     .     .,          [6 -  . -   //   / . . . .. .:Global Expert & Service Team, 2014. T. III.. 2. .395.]. ,        (),  -   .       ,  堖    ,  ,   ,   -  -   (   ,       ,  ).

,          (  )                 [7 - .     : Klein-TumanovL. Writing for a dual audience in the former Soviet Union: The Aesopian childrens literature of Kornei Chukovskii, Mikhail Zoshchenko, and Daniil Kharms// Transcending Boundaries: Writing for a Dual Audience of Children and Adults/ Ed. S.L.Beckett. New York: Routledge, 1999. . 128148.].     . , ,      - -[8 - ., ., ., ., ., ., . -. .; .: , 1930.]       :

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,     (,  )         .     :    ,   ,    :  ࠖ    [9 - . 33. 3 1931.      ,         堖 ., ,    (20152017)  .            ,       ,   (.: https://pedagogyofimages.princeton.edu).]. ,         ,   :       [10 - Cultural redemption of America is through childrens books.         . .: Wright R. Women in Publishing: May Massee// Publishers Weekly. 1928. Sept. 29. . : HearnM.P. Discover, Explore, Enjoy// Myth, Magic, and Mystery: One Hundred Years of American Childrens Book Ilustration. The Chrysler Museum of Art, 1996. P.28.].   /             . Π        ,   ,  [11 - -            : Steiner E. Mirror Images: On Soviet-Western Reflections in Childrens Books of the 1920s ans 1930s// Childrens Literature and Avant-garde. E.Druker & B.Kummerling-Meibauer, eds. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2015. P.189216. ,   ,         :  The Childrens Literature Association the International Research Society for Childrens Literature. -      (2012. 39).]. ,      蠖      ,            ,    -.           ,             ࠖ ,    ,   () ,     .           1920?  1930?  .

 ,                  19201930?  ,  .           ,      .   (    )   .    (  )    .     蠖      ,  -,  [12 - ,   ,         ,  1931.:  ,                 ,   .          ,   .    ,      Π   (1931),   :       .  ,     ,   1530.    (.:  .  . . . . ., 1994. .324).  :  , ,          ,      ,  ,     (  )? ,   ,     ,        ,  .].            .     ,    ,    . , ,      ,               . , ,   ,   ,       ,          ,  [13 - Pullman Ph. How childrens books thrived under Stalin// The Guardian. 2013. October 11. Friday.].

 ,    1920?  1930?         .   .

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Ӡ       ,   [14 -   : Dickerman L. Building the Collective: Soviet Graphic Design, 19171937. Selections from the Collection of Merrill C.Berman. New York: Columbia University, 1996.].    .         ,     ,    .  -   ꠖ         (    ),       ,  ,   廠   . Ƞ      ࠖ   ,      䠖  .      ,       ,     ,     -.  ,   蠖            ,    , .

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         -    .      1917        (      )      ,   .,    蠫 ,      .            ,           ,   12  .  28       ,      .     -        ,           [35 - . 11 (24)  1917. . :  .     1917. .62.].  ,    (. ..) ,   .,         .        , ⠫    , , , ,  . (), .. ()   [36 - . :  . .64.].        ,    .:          ,        ,     5060   [37 - . : ..  堖  1917.//  . .65. .:-  , 1958. .544. .: .     1917. .64. ,      2011.     .].      :    ,       (  )  !    ,       .

        ( , )    [38 -             19891990.,    .  2002? ⠫      , -     .             (  ). Π         , 2006.       : Pankenier S.Infant non sens: Infantilist Aesthetic of the Russian Avant-Garde, 19091939. Diss. Stanford University, 2006 ( :    );   2014.: Idem. Voiceless Vanguard: The Infantilist Aestetic of the Russian Avant-Garde. Evanston: Northwestern University Press.    ,    ()      .]. Ѡ ,     젖                ,    , ,   ,   .  -    -    1920?  1930?       [39 -         .       :       .    .    蠖 ,  -.      . Ƞ    ,      ( .  .    . .:...-, 2000. .72). ,     .].  ,               1910?  1920?[40 -               : PankenierS. Avant-garde Art as Childs Play: The Origins of Vladimir Lebedevs Picturebook Aesthetic// Expectations and Experiences: Children, Childhood and Childrens Literature/ Ed. by C.Bradford and V.Coghlan. Lichfield (UK): Pied Piper Publishing, 2007. P.259271.].  ,   ,         ,     :  ,  ,   ..        ,  -   .    -           ⠫. (           ⠫ .    ,       ,    3.)

 ,     :    ,  ,    ,                . -,     ( )   , . , . ,        ,  ( -)[41 - .:  .    //  . 1918. 2 (). .19.].  ,    ,        .               : - :   ,  ,      ,     [42 - . : Die Psychologie des Menschen der Zukuft. Sozialpsychologischer Essay// Die Neue Menschheit: Biopolitische Utopien I Russland zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts/ Herausgegeben von B.Groys und M.Hagemeister. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 2005. S.608689. S.671.].   (,  ,     ),             .        ,   ,  (. Fuhrer),  .






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   1918 ,  , . 4, . 20,     [45 - .       23 1918 (221).].     [46 - Π..    .: .     //  . 1971. 2. .3337; . ..//    1988. .: , 1987. .132135.  .  .   : ., .. .:, 2009.     : ..  ..    1920? 1930?. ., 2008.],          .  ,    :  ,  ,  ,  [47 - ,         (       )   .  ,         ,    .     (, , , ,    , .)      .      .].       ( 125 )  ,           .     .       :         .      .     ,   .     ,             [48 -      1919. (.. // . 1919.  (5). . :  .   //  . 1968. 4. .42.].

       ,   .        ;      ,  ,  -,  ,   .

    .

-,    ,     , -  ,    [49 -       ,  - 1863.    . .        : Steiner E. The Battle for The Peoples Cause or for the Market Case?// Cahiers du Monde Russe. 2010. 50:4. P. 627646, Idem. Pursuing Independence: Kramskoi and the Itinerants vs. the Academy of Arts// Russian Review (Lawrence, KA). 2011. 70. P. 252271.].      ,  ,            .          .         .

-,  ,       .      : ) : - ,  , ,  ,  ,  ,       ; ) :   (      ,   )  ,     ,     ,   .

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   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/pages/biblio_book/?art=42665570)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


  ,   . (      ),   :  ,     1920?,        ( .  . .:, 1994. .15).




2


KirschenbaumL.A. Small Comrades: Revolutionizing Childhood in Soviet Russia, 19171932. New York: Routledge Falmer, 2001.




3


MickenbergJ., Nel Ph. Tales for Small Rebels: A Collection of Radical Childrens Literature. New York: New York University Press, 2008.




4


   -    : Lv?queF., Plantureux S.Dictionnaire des illustrateurs de livres denfants russes et sovitiques (19171945). Paris: Biblioth?que lHeure Joyeuse, 1997. 368 p.        .               . -    : Marinelli-K?nig G. Russische Kinderliteratur in der Sowjetunion der Jahre 19201930. Munich: Verlag Otto Sagner, 2007.

     :          -,       렖 The Russian Avant-garde Book 19101934. MOMA Exhibition March28 May 21 2002.        -   : From the Silver Age to Stalin: Russian Childrens Book Illustration in the Sasha Lurye Collection. November7 2003 January 18 2004. Amherst, MA, 2003.         : KellyC. Grandpa Lenin and Uncle Stalin: Soviet Leader Cult fr Little Children// The Leader Cult in Communist Dictatorships: Stalin and the Eastern Bloc/ Ed. B.Apor et al. Houndmills and New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2004; Idem. Childrens World: Growing Up in Russia 18901991. Yale, 2007.           : BalinaM. Introduction// Politicizing Magic: An Anthology of Russian and Soviet Fairy Tales/ Ed. M.Balina, H.Goscilo, M.Lipovetsky. Evanston, Ill.: Northwestern University, 2005; Idem. Its Grand to be and Orphan!: Crafting Happy Citizens in Soviet Childrens Literature of the 1920s// Petrified Utopia: Happiness Soviet Style/ M.Balina, E.Dobrenko, eds. Anthem Press, 2009. P.97115.  2009?         : OlichJ.M. Competing Ideologies and Childrens Literature in Russia, 19181935. VDM Verlag: Saarbruken,       ,      : Competing Ideologies and Childrens Books: The Making of a Soviet Childrens Literature, 19181935 (2000).    Inside the Rainbow: Russian Childrens Literature 192035: Beautiful Books, Terrible Times/ J. Rothenstein, O. Budashevskaya, eds. London: Redstone Press, 2013.




5


.:    19001930.     / . .. .:, 1997.  :   젖 ..   -. .: XXI, 2005;      18811939. .12/ . . .; . . .  .. .: , , 2009 ( .      ); -ꠖ  .     19001991. .:-, 2008. (        .).       ,     ,      : .  . .:  , 2010.




6


 . -   //   / . . . .. .:Global Expert & Service Team, 2014. T. III.. 2. .395.




7


.     : Klein-TumanovL. Writing for a dual audience in the former Soviet Union: The Aesopian childrens literature of Kornei Chukovskii, Mikhail Zoshchenko, and Daniil Kharms// Transcending Boundaries: Writing for a Dual Audience of Children and Adults/ Ed. S.L.Beckett. New York: Routledge, 1999. . 128148.




8


., ., ., ., ., ., . -. .; .: , 1930.




9


. 33. 3 1931.      ,         堖 ., ,    (20152017)  .            ,       ,   (.: https://pedagogyofimages.princeton.edu).




10


Cultural redemption of America is through childrens books.         . .: Wright R. Women in Publishing: May Massee// Publishers Weekly. 1928. Sept. 29. . : HearnM.P. Discover, Explore, Enjoy// Myth, Magic, and Mystery: One Hundred Years of American Childrens Book Ilustration. The Chrysler Museum of Art, 1996. P.28.




11


-            : Steiner E. Mirror Images: On Soviet-Western Reflections in Childrens Books of the 1920s ans 1930s// Childrens Literature and Avant-garde. E.Druker & B.Kummerling-Meibauer, eds. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2015. P.189216. ,   ,         :  The Childrens Literature Association the International Research Society for Childrens Literature. -      (2012. 39).




12


,   ,         ,  1931.:  ,                 ,   .          ,   .    ,      Π   (1931),   :       .  ,     ,   1530.    (.:  .  . . . . ., 1994. .324).  :  , ,          ,      ,  ,     (  )? ,   ,     ,        ,  .




13


Pullman Ph. How childrens books thrived under Stalin// The Guardian. 2013. October 11. Friday.




14


  : Dickerman L. Building the Collective: Soviet Graphic Design, 19171937. Selections from the Collection of Merrill C.Berman. New York: Columbia University, 1996.




15


   -  ,  .




16


  2 1953 ( .    . .: , 1990. .300).




17


    ໠     . Π    XIII  () 1924.:    ,          ,    ,          ,     ,       ,            ,     (  ().  . .:, 1963. .511). Ƞ :      ,  ,  ,     ,   ,          ( . .515).




18


          . Gesamtkunstwerk Stalin (1988),     1992.      The Total Art of Stalinism.         ,       ,    .               .   ,      ()     ,      ,        (  )     - ,   .    , ,  2011.         ,       .      ,          . . : Aleksandr Deineka. An Avantgarde for the Proletariat. Madrid: Fundasion Huan March, 2011.




19


  1990.




20


..  :  . .:, 1931. .6.




21


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23


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24


          -  ꠖ   -     .     .




25


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26


., .   . , 1925. .127.




27


 .  . : , 1930. . ..  ,     .         ,      .




28


 . , ! .:, 1926. . ..




29


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31


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32


 . .794. .1, 1917. . . 43. .372373. . :  .     1917. .65.




33


. : ..     25. .:. , 1930. .78.




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35


. 11 (24)  1917. . :  .     1917. .62.




36


. :  . .64.




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.       23 1918 (221).




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52


   ,      ꠫  .    ,        . ., ,     (.: , 1913).




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54


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57


. //  . . 1919. 24/25. .11.




58


 .  . : -, 1919.     1917. .    1919.   ,  .




59


. . .11.


