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 Peter C. Brown, Henry L. Roediger III, and Mark A. McDaniel, 2014

Published by arrangement with Harvard University Press (USA) via Alexander Korzhenevski Agency (Russia).

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notes









1


    - . . .




2


     . . .










1


          頖  ,        .        ,      .




2


       ,  : J. D. Karpicke, A. C. Butler & H. L. Roediger, Metacognitive strategies in student learning: Do students practice retrieval when they study on their own? Memory 17 (2010), 471479.




3


     28  2011. ,  .         .




4


      http://caps.gmu.edu/educationalprograms/pamphlets/StudyStrategies.pdf (http://caps.gmu.edu/educationalprograms/pamphlets/StudyStrategies.pdf),    1  2013.




5


      http://www.dartmouth.edu/~acskills/docs/studyactively.doc (http://www.dartmouth.edu/~acskills/docs/studyactively.doc),    1  2013.




6


  ,   St. Louis Post-Dispatch,  News papers in Education,       Testing 1, 2, 3! How to Study and Take Tests  . 14   http://nieonline.com/includes/hottopics/Testing%20Testing%20123.pdf (http://nieonline.com/includes/hottopics/Testing%20Testing%20123.pdf),    2  2013.




7


 ,               ,  : R. S. Nickerson & M. J. Adams, Long term memory of a common object, Cognitive Psychology 11 (1979), 287307,  A. D. Castel, M. Vendetti & K. J. Holyoak, In-attentional blindness and the location of fire extinguishers, Attention, Perception and Performance 74 (2012), 13911396.




8


,    ,   : E. Tulving, Subjective organization and the effects of repetition in multi-trial free recall learning, Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 5 (1966), 193197.




9


 ,       ,  : A. A. Callender & M. A. Mc-Daniel, The limited benefits of rereading educational texts, Contemporary Educational Psychology 34 (2009), 3041.




10


, ,       ,  : Karpickeetal, Metacognitive strategies.    : J. McCabe, Metacognitive awareness of learning strategies in undergraduates, Memory & Cognition 39 (2010), 462476.




11


          .    : Thomas Gilovich, How We Know What Isnt So: The Fallibility of Human Reason in Everyday Life (New York: Free Press, 1991).




12


R.J. Sternberg, E. L. Grigorenko & L. Zhang, Styles of learning and thinking matter in instruction and assessment, Perspectives on Psychological Science 3 (2008), 486506.




13


       : M. A. McDaniel, P. K. Agarwal, B. J. Huelser, K. B. McDermott & H. L. Roediger (2011), Test-enhanced learning in a middle school science classroom: The effects of quiz frequency and placement, Journal of Educational Psychology, 103, 399414.




14


         2.      (         )  : M. A. McDaniel & A. A. Callender, Cognition, memory and education in H. L. Roediger, Cognitive Psychology of Memory, vol. 2of Learning and Memory: A Comprehensive Reference (Oxford: Elsevier, 2008), pp. 819844.




15


     31  2011. ,  .        .




16


           1885. ,       On Memory  1913.   : H. Ebbinghaus, Memory: A contribution to experimental psychology (New York: Dover, 1964).       .


