IT Essentials & Data Recovery For Your Online Businesses
Baxi Nishant


The BeginningWhen people hear the words Information Technology, the first things that come to mind are computers and the Internet. It may also bring up words like network, intranet, server, firewall, security as well as more arcane expressions such as router, T-1, Ethernet or the mysterious and exotic-sounding VoIP (pronounced voyp).





IT Essentials & Data Recovery For Your Online Businesses



Baxi Nishant



Baxi Nishant,2019



ISBN978-5-0050-4203-3

     Ridero


		IT Essentials & Data Recovery For Your Online Businesses
		NishantBaxi

		Table ofContents

		Chapter1
		The Beginning
		AShort History ofInformation Technology
		The Hellenistic World
		Early Programmable Devices
		Communications and Information Storage
		Information Technology Since1980
		Information Technology Today
		Types ofInformation Tools and Media
		Personal Computer
		Storage Media
		Internet Options and Communication

		Chapter2
		Understanding BizIT
		Assessing YourI.T.Needs
		Desk and chair
		Bookcase/Shelves
		Table
		Computer and Monitor
		Printer, Copier, FAX Machine
		OtherI.T.Options
		All Those Bells And Whistles; Do You Really Need Them?
		Getting It Cheap

		Chapter3
		Getting Organized
		Setting Up Your Workspace
		Organizing the Worktop
		Peripherals and Office Supplies
		About Wireless Technology
		Getting Online
		Dial-Up
		Satellite




DSL



T1 andT3

AWord OfCaution

Networking: The Intranet

Sharing Printers and Programs

About Sharing Programs

Protecting Yourself And Your Business



E-mail Issues

Computer Care And Maintenance

Protecting The Hardware

Software Maintenance



Chapter1



The Beginning



When people hear the words Information Technology, the first things that come tomind are computers and the Internet. It may also bring up words like network, intranet, server, firewall, security, as well as more arcane expressions such as router, T-1, Ethernet, or the mysterious and exotic-sounding VoIP (pronounced voyp).



Infact, information technology is all ofthese things, and more. Its hardly new, however. Information technology is as old as the brain itself, if you think ofthe brain as an information processor. As far as I.T. being ascience, even that goes back as far as the earliest attempts tocommunicate and store information.



And that is essentially what information technology is: the communication and storage ofinformation, along with the ability toprocess and make use ofthe information stored. Inthis chapter, well begin with abrief history ofI.T., what it comprises today, and the different major types ofI.T. systems available today.



AShort History ofInformation Technology



As human societies have grown insize and complexity, so has the need tocollect, store and transmit information. While it could be argued that brains representa



form ofbio-information technology, the Greek word  from which we get the word technology really refers toscientific or mechanical knowledge, particularly that which involves the use oftools. Therefore, well begin our journey with humans first attempts torecord and transmit knowledge through mechanical means.



might think ofas information technology. Using acombination oftools that included manganese crayons and clay that was colored with various pigments, early humans left these images on the walls ofacave near Lascaux, France and on cliffs inthe Algerian Sahara. These have been dated as being approximately 18,000and 8,000years old respectively. Unfortunately, there is no way tobe certain exactly what message was being communicated (aproblem our own descendants 15,000years from now may very well encounter!)



Since the images depict animals that were commonly hunted at the time, and given the importance ofgame animals toahunting-gathering culture, its possible that such images were attempts topresent information about such game, or part ofarite designed toensure asuccessful hunt.



The invention ofwriting systems including pictograms such as hieroglyphics, alphabetic writing and syllabic systems seems tohave taken place almost at the same time as the development ofagriculture. Agriculture introduced such formerly unknown concepts as land ownership, advanced trade and the accumulation ofwealth, which inturn led tomore complex societal structures. As you might expect, this necessitated more detailed and efficient record-keeping. Alphabetic writing has asubstantial advantage over pictograms (hieroglyphs), because arelatively limited number ofsymbols (letters) can be used over and over ininfinite combination tocommunicate nearly anything. (As you will see later, modern I.T. uses only two ofthese symbols!)



Preserving and storing such information posed certain challenges; information either had tobe inscribed on stone or clay tablets (which were heavy) or animal skins, wax tablets or papyrus (which werent durable).



The Hellenistic World



The Classical Greeks were the first people ofrecord toattempt tofind scientific, rational explanations for natural phenomena. Some ofthe earliest proto-computers known were mechanical devices developed bythe Greeks. One ofthese was aform ofabacus (which also developed and was used inancient China). The device facilitated and simplified mathematical calculation.



Early Programmable Devices



Bythe time the gradual break-up and fall ofthe Roman Empire was complete inthe year 476C.E., scientific and technological advances inthe Western world had ground toahalt. While much ofthe scientific knowledge ofthe Greeks was preserved byIrish monks and Arab scholars, it wasnt until the fourteenth century that principles ofengineering were rediscovered and applied toinformation. The first ofthese was ofcourse the printing press. Although the concept ofmovable type printing had been developed inChina some four hundred years earlier, it was Gutenbergs device in1447that revolutionized communications, making it easier and faster torecord and disseminate information than ever before. The first truly programmable device would not come along for another 354years, however.



The Jacquard Loom of1801was aproduct ofthe Industrial Revolution. This invention used aseries ofspecially punched paper cards that functional as templates, allowing for the automatic weaving ofhighly intricate patterns. Those punch cards became very significant tocomputing inthe 1950s, 60s and 70s.



The next development was Charles Babbages Analytical Machine afully-programmable computer that unfortunately was never actually built. Babbage worked on designs from 1837until his passing in1871. This steam-powered mechanism would have also utilized punch cards, with acentral processing unit (CPU) and aform ofmemory storage inthe form ofasystem ofpegs inserted into rotating barrels.



The Analytical Machine would have been capable ofstoring 1,000numbers ofup tofifty digits each, and perform six different mathematical operations, including the calculation ofsquare roots. Babbages ideas were incorporated into early electronic computing devices being developed inthe late 1930s and 1940s, although not all ofthese were actually programmable. The first truly programmable computers able tostore and use information did not come into common use until the 1950s, and yes made use ofpunch cards (those born before 1965may remember playing with them).




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