.  
 


 
 ,  ,           .        :    NSN,      Nokia Microsoft   -     .            .





 

.  



Risto Siilasmaa

Transforming Nokia. The Power of Paranoid Optimism to Lead Through Colossal Change



 2020 by Risto Siilasmaa

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* * *




  


            .  2012.         .       .                     .   ,       ,        ,   .

          ,     .  ,            .           ,        ,      .

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         ,    ,             .                .              .

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         ()  3  2012.         -      .         .      ,     .    .        ,    ,     .

         ,    .      ,  Messukeskus      -   .          .             ,              .       .

 2008.     .   1990- .               :   .             .  2000.      4%           [1 - http://www.wired.co.uk/article/finland-and-nokia.].    ,      [2 - http://www1.american.edu/TED/nokia.htm#r24.].

   ,     ,    ,    ,     [3 - http://www.corporate-eye.com/main/interbrand-announces-100-best-global-brands-2008/.].   :       ,     [4 - https://www.cnet.com/news/farewell-nokia-the-rise-and-fall-of-a-mobile-pioneer/.].      2001.   :          ,    [5 - http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1993621_1994046_1993982.00.html.].

             [6 -  .],    [7 - http://www.managementtoday.co.uk/finnish-miracle/article/555753.].      蓻[8 - https://www.amazon.co.uk/Business-Nokia-Way-Secrets-Fastest/dp/1841121045.]. ,   .           2008.          [9 - https://www.statista.com/statistics/263438/market-share-held-by-nokia-smartphones-since-2007/.].

              ,     .    ,     .        ,           .

  2012.   Messukeskus    .

  2007. Apple   , ,     ,          Apple.      :       ,   ,             ,     ,         .      Apple  ,   Google   Android  2008.    Research in Motion (RIM)   BlackBerry,    ,       .

   .    ,          .        ,     : -        .

         .             .     Apple  Google,          ,    ,             .             ,    .     ,  ,  ,    .       ,        ,      .         .

          ?    ,   ,    .

  ,           .     ,        .

     ?           ,  -     ?            ?

       ,       ,        ,    -  ,  ,   , , .        , , .  ,    ,   .

    ,      ,       90%  .   2012.        .    2      2012.          .       10. ,       ,     .         :     3 ,      28 ,      [10 - https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/NOK/history?period1=1210392000&period2=1213070400&interval=1d&filter=history&frequency=1d.].

   2008.      -2012.       ,   .        .       [11 - Nokias Next Chapter, McKinsey Quarterly, December 2016; http://www.businessinsider.com/nokia-bankrupt-20124.].

             .   ,    ,        ,   .

       .            ,   ,    .     ,      .

     ?      ?

    ,               .    ,       , BlackBerry    -,   :  !                .   2012-  2017.        20           .

    .  100.    1%     2012.        .

     .   ,      ,  ,  ,               .   18    F-Secure,       ,         ,     ,                ,           .

          ,      ,       ,        .     -   ,      ,   .              ,    .           ,        ,       ,   .

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     .

I ( 18)   ,          ,     .     ,   ,      ,  ,      ,      .



II    ,     .          ,     ,      .




I.  





 1.  . 19882008.



   ,    .       .     .



    1970- .,     ,          -.        ,    ,        ,   ,        .    1988.,             IT-,    ,    .

   22- ,    .       :    ,     .    ,       .

   .     Commodore 64       ,        .           ,    Zork,     .       (      ,    ,        ),   ,   ,     ,      .      ,        Mac,    PC,      .

,   F-Secure,           .        ,     .        ,      .          ,         .        .        ,      .    !            ,     .    .




  


         .                 .   ,       ,            ,       .    ,     ,     ,      ,   ,    ,            .       ,  ,         ,   .        ,           . ,    ,          ,    ,       .

 1990- .      F-Secure,   .   1989.   ,         ,         .            ,  ,    1930- .

     ,     F-Secure.    16         ,          .       ,      ,         .    ,      ,    ,         .           ,    .

       ,   ,           . ,     ,     ,     .

    ,  ,     ,         ,     .              ,        .    .       ,       BMW,         .

          .     ,                 .    ,         . -  F-Secure   ,    .       ,  ,             .




  


 1990- .       .      F-Secure      ,     ,     .          ,             -, ,     .        ,     .     -    .

  1990- .       ,   .    F-Secure     ,       .

   ,   2000.             Symbian Series 60.               .   .    ,      ,       ,  .

 ,    ,   ,       ,   . ,  ,      ,        .      ( ).     ,         .

           ,         ,   .  ,        -,        ,         .     ,       ,       ,    .

            .         ,           ,        .

    Windows,  Apple   iOS,   Linux   Linux,       Android.           .   ,      ,  , ..  ,     ,  .        -    ,            .

   ,       Symbian   .          ,    Symbian    .  ,       1990- .,            .            ,        .     ,           .

  2006.             Symbian,       .    ,     .      Symbian  ,      ,  ,       ,   F-Secure.

F-Secure       Windows, Linux,   Unix  Macintosh  Apple.           ,    .  Symbian       .

    ,     (      ).   ,        ,         ,            .      ,    ,   ,      .

   ,          ,        .       ,  .   ,         ,   ,     ,      .        .     .




     


 2005. - ,   ,        F-Secure  2001  2004. (       ,   F-Secure        ),             -.    ,  ,            .

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 ,     , ,   ,      .   ,   ,     .    ,   - F-Secure.    ,       ,          .  ,     ,     .

   .







                  .           .       .     ,              .

   2007.              8  2008.,     .    42 ,            .  2006.      F-Secure,      18 ,     ,       .  ,              . ,            .

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   ,  ,      ,     .                    . ,     ,      ,   ,   .




 2.  . 2008.



       .      , ,  :   Apple     .



     ,      (   2008.),      .   ,       ,     ,  ,   .

             .    42 ,         1992.  ,   ,    ,    ,       .    58 ,            .           .

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 ,     ,    SAP,    ,     ,  .    ,    ,          .

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 ,      ,      F-Secure,    Elisa,    ,            .     F-Secure,     1999.,         .    ,   ,    ,     .    Elisa        ,    , 11-      ,  ,   ,    ,   .

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     .  ,   -.      ,       ,             . ,    ,        .     ,      ,      . (           ,    -  ,   ,       .    ,                .)

   ,    .        .     , ,      ,     .      :  ,        .

     ! ,   2008.,     ,   ,   :      Yahoo!   44,6 ;             ;       ,      ;         ;          ,     (..    ,  )   22%,  40  49    ;      ,         ;  Vineyard        .

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  :                   3G-  4G-   :    ,      .     ,          2001.    ,            ,   .    ,  , -  ,           ()       .   ,    .  ,   1020%     10%  ,     .

       .     .  , ,       ,               .         .              .

       , ,  :   Apple     .




  ?


Apple      2007.  ,   .         - MacWorld,  Apple          ,    , :        .     ![12 - http://www.eweek.com/mobile/nine-ways-the-apple-iphone-redefined-the-smartphone-in-2007.]         .  ,          ,   .

 ,   ,    .    ,             ,    .   ,   .     ,   ,              ,     ,      .    ,      ,  - ,        ,        ,       .

      ,      ,     .                           [13 - According to figures from analyst firm Gartner, Nokias smartphone market share in 2007 was a dominant 49.4 percent, www.bbc.com/news/technology-23947212; Statista calculates 2007: 50.9 percent, https://www.statista.com/statistics/263438/market-share-held-by-nokia-smartphones-since-2007/.].

       :        ,         ,     ,       .         Symbian S60.       ,        .

     QWERTY,  ;     ,  -     FM-  ;          ,    -  .  ,            ,     GPRS   ,    Nokia Maps[14 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Nokia_products.].          Nokia N95,     ,      [15 - Cited in The Decline and Fall of Nokia by David J.Cord, Schildts & Soderstroms, 2014, p. 88, http://archive.fortune.com/2007/10/04/technology/nokia_N95.fortune/index.htm.].

, ,      .   ,         .

         . Apple       :    2008. Apple  1,7 ,  115  (   ,   ).   40%      ,            15%[16 - http://www.knowyourmobile.com/nokia/2792/nokia-takes-40-share-world-mobile-market.]. (    ,       ,      .          ,     ,      .) ,   ,    . BlackBerry,     , ,   .   Apple    .

       (44%  ). BlackBerry,      ,   15%[17 - https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2009/11/apple-grabs-17-of-smartphone-market-in-latest-quarter/?comments=1.].  Apple    5%[18 - https://www.statista.com/statistics/216459/global-market-share-of-apple-iphone/.].

 ,       :   ,  .    , ,  ,         :           .      copy / paste,   ,   .      ,   drop test,             .        ,           ,  -  BlackBerry,         .

  :           111 .  Apple,    ,  151.               150 [19 - https://www.wired.com/2012/06/mark-zuckerberg-is-worth-more-than-nokia/.], ..    .    ,  Apple    ,    ?

 ,      Apple   ?             ?       .  ,      Apple   .




 Symbian


      ,    .    , ,    ,   ,       .       .    ,      :             .    ,        .           .

     Symbian.

    ,      .     ,    Psion,    ,   Symbian.    Symbian       ,  Symbian         .      ,   Apple   iOS  Google   Android,    Symbian            (  ,    ,      ,      ).

     ,      ,        ,     ,  -   .            Symbian    .       ,         ,     ,         , ,     .     ,      ,      .

     ,     ,        ,    .      Symbian  2000.,          Symbian    Series 60 ( S60),     ,                 [20 - Yves Doz and Keeley Wilson, Ringtone, Oxford University Press, 2018, pp. 7374.].

    Symbian  !

        ,        .    , -    ,   ,  ,    ,   ,   .    ,          Symbian.    ,   ,    .

  2008.       .     : Windows    , iOS  Apple, Android (      ),      ,        .

   Symbian     ,   ,     .  Symbian    ,         ,       .     ,    .

,        ,        ,        .  ,      .         ,               ,    ,          .

   -22 (. atch-22  ,          . .).      Symbian,    ,   100%-          ,       .       ,      Symbian.  Symbian-     ,      .    ,           .            .




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/risto-siylasmaa/nokia-strategii-vyzhivaniya/)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


http://www.wired.co.uk/article/finland-and-nokia.




2


http://www1.american.edu/TED/nokia.htm#r24.




3


http://www.corporate-eye.com/main/interbrand-announces-100-best-global-brands-2008/.




4


https://www.cnet.com/news/farewell-nokia-the-rise-and-fall-of-a-mobile-pioneer/.




5


http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1993621_1994046_1993982.00.html.




6


 .




7


http://www.managementtoday.co.uk/finnish-miracle/article/555753.




8


https://www.amazon.co.uk/Business-Nokia-Way-Secrets-Fastest/dp/1841121045.




9


https://www.statista.com/statistics/263438/market-share-held-by-nokia-smartphones-since-2007/.




10


https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/NOK/history?period1=1210392000&period2=1213070400&interval=1d&filter=history&frequency=1d.




11


Nokias Next Chapter, McKinsey Quarterly, December 2016; http://www.businessinsider.com/nokia-bankrupt-20124.




12


http://www.eweek.com/mobile/nine-ways-the-apple-iphone-redefined-the-smartphone-in-2007.




13


According to figures from analyst firm Gartner, Nokias smartphone market share in 2007 was a dominant 49.4 percent, www.bbc.com/news/technology-23947212; Statista calculates 2007: 50.9 percent, https://www.statista.com/statistics/263438/market-share-held-by-nokia-smartphones-since-2007/.




14


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Nokia_products.




15


Cited in The Decline and Fall of Nokia by David J.Cord, Schildts & Soderstroms, 2014, p. 88, http://archive.fortune.com/2007/10/04/technology/nokia_N95.fortune/index.htm.




16


http://www.knowyourmobile.com/nokia/2792/nokia-takes-40-share-world-mobile-market.




17


https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2009/11/apple-grabs-17-of-smartphone-market-in-latest-quarter/?comments=1.




18


https://www.statista.com/statistics/216459/global-market-share-of-apple-iphone/.




19


https://www.wired.com/2012/06/mark-zuckerberg-is-worth-more-than-nokia/.




20


Yves Doz and Keeley Wilson, Ringtone, Oxford University Press, 2018, pp. 7374.


