   .  I
  


     .         XX        ,    .               .           ,     ,     ,       ,     ,       40   .

    .





 

   .  I








         2019       [1 -  .,    , . 1,2,    , 2019 .].            ,    ,      .

           ,              [2 -    , , ,   ,      ,    - ,   Associated Press   ,  Ohioana Book Award         .] " .    ,   "[3 - Ann Hagedorn, Sleeper agent. The atomic spy in America who got away, Simon & Schuster, New York, London, Toronto, Sydney, New Delhi, 2021.],     [4 - ., ,  ,    -.         ,  Lenta.ru, 00:01, 7  2021, https://lenta.ru/articles/2021/08/07/razvedka (https://lenta.ru/articles/2021/08/07/razvedka) (. 11.08.21).]      ,       ...






       , 12[5 -  .    75-      3  2020 .].



,                               .       -   .     ,                        ,             ,     [6 - .., e-mail  Ann Hagedorn  18.07.21:01.19. Ann Hagedorn      e-mail  04.08.21:03.28].

      ,  01.06.20 .        .  :   1  6,  :  7  14,  :  15  16,   ( ).







   

, , .

    

   .



   

  ,   .

  

   .[7 - .,    , 1983, .  https://kulturologia.ru/blogs/260916/31523/]

. 

 

 ,

    

    .[8 - . , , 19081909., .   , ., 1912, .  https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/_()]

 

 ,       ,    ,        ,         :



 (?) ? ? (25  191331  2006)      (  ),    -   . . .   腻.[9 - , ,  , https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/, __.                     ?.    ,      ,      ,            .]


              ,  ,         ,       ,  ,    . .        ,



               [10 - . . ,       ,              , 2  2007 , -,   , http://www.kremlin.ru/events/president/transcripts/24644]


 .






00.01.    . .       ,              .[11 -  :    ,  -  , e-mail  21.12.17:16.34.     :     (   https://www.ntv.ru/video/119939. (. 21.02.19)).]



,         .            ,             .

  ,           ,     ,           ,    .[12 -           . ,     ,                      . ,  ,     ,   ,    ,  ,      ,   .]  ,          .

  .

 ,           .        ,                    ,[13 -           ,     :            . (. . ,   -   06.06.19, .           . , 06.06.19:15.24, https://www.gazeta.ru/army/news/2019/06/06/13061953.shtml?updated (. 06.06.19).]      ,  , ,    ,   ,        ,  ,   ,                        .

,            ,        .

     :



             (72%).   21%              18  24  (24%)   25  34  (27%).

   52%        ,   (68%)      60  (68%).    (46%)      .     (64%),   ,   18  24  (59%),  25  34  (58%)   35  44  (52%).[14 -    :    ?, 4026  06  2019,   https://wciom.ru/index.php?id=236&uid=9837 (. 06.08.19).]


 ,                .      ,   ,       .

    .   ,   ,  ,   ,    ,         .



         .                    ,    .



    ,  ,      ,  : .   ,   ,   ,   ,   .         . ,    , .    .

               ,      .[15 -  ,  :    ,  . , 06.08.19:11.06, https://www.gazeta.ru/science/2019/08/05_a_12559351.shtml (. 06.08.19).]


  ໅        ? ,    ,      ,  ,         .      ,  ,         .       .        :



    ,      ,      .     .      ?.[16 - . ,      15.10.16, "̸ ".   ?, https://snob.ru/profile/27356/print/115055.]


 .       ໠        :






00.02.  :       .[17 -  :             ,   , 05.12.19:16.34, https://tvzvezda.ru/news/vstrane_i_mire/content/20191251547-Ayz3y.html?utm_source=yxnews&utm_medium=desktop&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fyandex.ru%2Fnews (. 06.12.19).    ,       .]



          ,        .  , ,      (  ),                 .

  . , . .       :



               (.   )       ,    <   . .>, ,    ,    养.[18 -  . .,   , e-mail  28.07.17: 13.43.]


,             . ,      -  The National Interest ,           ,    -22         :



      ,        ,     .[19 -         -22ϻ, 18.07.18,  AviaPro,http://avia.pro/news/ssha-prigrozili-rossii-yadernym-udarom-za-ispolzovanie-samolyota-il-22pp (. 19.03.19)),]


           ,      , 



          ,       .   ,    ,     ,   .[20 -  :        , 14  2019,    , http://nsn.fm/army-and-weapons/multimegatonnoe-oruzhie-kak-zastavit-ssha-perestat-khryukat-v-stronu-rossii.html (. 19.03.19).]


,         ,     :



          .             .             .          .   ,        .      ,         .[21 -           2020              ( I), -, 2  2019 ,     , 03.05.19:16.20,http://www.mid.ru/ru/foreign_policy/news/-/asset_publisher/cKNonkJE02Bw/content/id/3631627 (. 03.05.19).]


      -  ,         ,             ,       ?

        . . ,       ,    ,  ,      .

 ,  ,     ,     .             (Operation Looking Glass)    [22 -  ,  :      ,    , https://www.kp.ru/putevoditel/interesnye-fakty/sistema-perimetr-ili-mertvaya-ruka/?from=smi2]        .

          ,     .

,          .    .      ,          :



-  -     腫. ,   ,  ,     ,       񸅻[23 -       ,  . .  . ,  YouTube, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4js1PKLfOeg (. 14.04.20).]


 ,           ,        2019    [24 -  ໠           .      . .        ,           .      . .    . .   . .  (,  , http://wiki-org.ru/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0 (. 09.09.19)).               ,                 .]        :



             .           , ,  ,             .             .[25 - Coupe J., Bardeen C. G., Robock A., & Toon O. B., Nuclear winter responses to nuclear war between the United States and Russia in the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model Version 4 and the Goddard Institute for Space Studies ModelE, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 124, 85228543, published online 8 AUG 2019, http://climate.envsci.rutgers.edu/pdf/CoupeNWjgr.pdf (. 02.09.19).]


       ,      ,              ,           .         . :



 ,      ,     ,     .[26 -           , . , 40  21.10.2019, .   ,https://versia.ru/tramp-vnov-vyrazil-zhelanie-zaklyuchit-s-rf-i-kitaem-yadernuyu-sdelku (. 22.10.19).]


       ,   .

         :



 -           <,   . .>            .             .[27 -              ,   , 05.11.19:13.17, https://tass.ru/mezhdunarodnaya-panorama/7079646 (. 05.11.19).]


          ,    ,         (  ),      .                   ,       .             ,        .

 ,     ,         ,            ,          .

              ,  ,             ,           .

,          ,       ,    .

   ,     ,            



   ,   ,   腻.[28 - , , :       ,  . .         , 27  2018.,  Youube,  7  2018., https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HpS3QEM-vrw, 0. 10. 0. 15. (. 10.09.19).]


 ,        , ,



 ,        ,    ,  .[29 - Ibid, 24. 12. 24. 24.]


,          ,     .



     ()       .             ,          (20%)    ,   ,       .[30 -   , -  4094, 05.11.19,  , https://wciom.ru/index.php?id=236&uid=9984 (. 05.11.19).]


   (  ,    ),     ,  ,        ,  ,      ,        .[31 - ,   ,                    . . ,  ,   :    .      -, . , 28.01.20:13.34, https://www.gazeta.ru/army/2020/01/28/12932288.shtml (.06.02.20),            :  ,  , https://kulturologia.ru/blogs/210120/45242 (. 06.02.20),           ,  , https://kulturologia.ru/blogs/190120/45227 (. 06.02.20).]

  ,                ,       . .          ,    .

          ,   .         [32 - The Atomic Heritage Foundation (AHF), https://www.atomicheritage.org (.22.10.19).],  ,[33 - Atomic Archive, http://www.atomicarchive.com (.28.12.19).]   [34 - The Nuclear Weapon Archive, http://www.nuclearweaponarchive.org (.28.12.19).]     [35 -  , http://www.biblioatom.ru (.22.10.19).]  .

,   . ,   ,           ,    ?,[36 - , , :       ,  . .         , 27  2018.,  YouTube,  7  2018., https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HpS3QEM-vrw, 19. 54. 19. 57.] ..     . ,   ,     

            ,               .               . . .             2016.    (!)    - .    . . ,          .      03.02.2017.     ,



            ,       .[37 -         . . , e-mail  14.12.19:13.21.]


       . ,           ..-.. . . ,



            .[38 - Ibid.]


  2017.          .  ,   -            ,       ,      ,     .   ?   ,     ,       .   ,      ,      .       !   .

             ( ,   ),    . .    ,     .

       (, ,  !)         .

,    ,     ,   ,     ,    ,    .  ,         ,       ,       ,      .     ,         .

                    .        ?

       . . ,  :



    ,  ,    .         .             , -. (  :         .)          ,   ,     ..    ,         ( ,    )                .[39 - .. , , .1, .,  , 1996., . 142]


     . . ,            :



       .    ,       .   ,    ,   .     .   .       . ,  ,    ,    ,     ?  ,        ,   .[40 -  . .,         ܻ,   . . , .  , .   , https://public.wikireading.ru/100065 (. 14.11.19).]


   . .    ,       :



    - ,   ,  :

     !

  ,  .   ,       .

!   . ,    ?..     ,    .

   :

     , .     .[41 - . . ,   , - , 2006, . 61, . 373]


      ,   , ,        :

		!     !
		     :
		   ;[42 -         .  ,      1940  1996         8800000000  (10     ,    ,    ,  Novate.ru, https://novate.ru/blogs/201017/43378/ (. 04.02.19)).       ,             ,  ,   ,    (Ibid).]
		    ![43 - . . ,   Z,   19571992, ., , . 113]

       .[44 - Ġ( . absurdus  ) , ,   ,   .          ,      ,  ,  . . (. . , ,     4 ., - , ., 2001.,        , https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enc_philosophy/7/%D0%90%D0%91%D0%A1%D0%A3%D0%A0%D0%94 (. 12.08.19)).]    ,        ,          ,       .

     .       ,    ,        ! ,   60-  XX  ,     ,   ,          ,         .

   ,    ,        :   1993  2013  ,     ,        !   𻠖     ,  500   ,        20000  ,    . ,    14 446      -ӻ[45 -  -Ӡ(    )         ,    18  1993  (,  -ӻ, https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/_-#cite_note-21 (. 12.08.19)).]           13. :



      17  ,           13  .[46 -     -ӻ,      2012, . 48, .  https://www.tenex.ru/download/253/2012_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4.pdf (. 12.08.19).]


         , 



     10  ,    ,   ,            .[47 - Megatons to Megawatts,  Centrus Energy, https://www.centrusenergy.com/who-we-are/history/megatons-to-megawatts (. 12.08.19).]


    -      :



 2014      -,        ,   .[48 -   (),  ,  12619.07.2018, . 9, .    https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/3689747 (. 16.08.19).]


 ,    ,



        ,         .      USEC,    -    ,   - -    800    .[49 -      ?   腻,   , https://topwar.ru/29719-zachem-russkie-otdali-ssha-svoy-uran-i-otdali-li.html (. 12.08.19).]


    ,   -             ,    ,        . .

  ,                    ,    , ,   ,    ?:






00.03. .   .          .[50 -  :  ,  ,   3, 6  2007., http://rusrep.ru/2007/03/atomnoe_pravoslavie/]



             (      ,      ),       ,   .  -, ,             .

,           ,     .           .

      ,     .             ,   ,        ,       ,       .

    ,     ,      ,       ,        .                   XX .

,      ,   .    ,  , ,           ,                 .

 ,        ,       .           :



      !.[51 - . , ,  1,  2.]


     50   ,        ,   , :   ,    ,  .                    .

 ,         ,   . ,   ,        .

   ,     ,    XIX              ,[52 -              ,   -.   45  -  ,  181  .  3959  ( 1  2016 ) (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/).]            .

       , , , ,   , , , ,    , ,  ,     ,    ,         .      .

      ,     ,           ,   ,  ,  ,   .

 ,  ,   ,       .          .             90-            .           . . :



         (   ),      ?  ,  .[53 -      . .  . .16.]


   90-  .       40 ?   ,   ,   ,     

     ,  ,    ,   ,                     ,               .      ,  ,    .         ,  ,         ,   .

    . .       ,  .[54 -  .,   , .  , 1999, 8 (124), . 18  19;  .,  , .  , 19.04.02, 71(23616), . 12;  .,    , ., -, 2002;  . .,         19411945, - , 2006. 11. . 4044;  .   , .  , 25.07.07, 128 (24894), . 34;  .,   :       , -  , ., 2009.]

         .  tabula rasa                   ,   ., , ,    .      ,  ,  . . ,         ,          .    . .       .

,        . .              ,            ,   .

 100-    . .         . . [55 -  . .,    (19132006).  , ., , 2013.]     . .   . . .[56 -  . .,  . .   ,  , , ,  ( ), ., , 2013]           ,       . ,       ,    . .      . . . .

        . .             .[57 -  . .,   (   . . ), ., , 2014.]

                   . ,      -               .

       .     , ,   . . ,     .      ?    . .

        .        ,           [58 - Everett Hugh, Relative State Formulation of Quantum Mechanics, Reviews of Modern Physics, v. 29, 3, 1957, p. 454462.             . .,  .  , ., 2009., .174208.],     ,    .

          XX      ,      ,        . . .

      ,     ,  ,         .          XXI   :



   ,    ,      , () ,   ,       . ,    ,    ,  .[59 -  : Quantum physics tells us that no matter how thorough our observation of the present, the (unobserved) past, like the future, is indefinite and exists only as a spectrum of possibilities. The universe, according to quantum physics, has no single past, or history. (Stephen W. Hawking, Leonard Mlodinow, The Grand Design, published by Bantam Books, 2010.Chapter 4 Alternative Histories, .     RoyalLib.com, https://royallib.com/read/Hawking_Stephen/The_Grand_Design.html#81920 (.03.07.19).        ,  ,  ,  , , 2012).]<.    . .>


       ,         -        (..          ).  ,        (     )       .         ,        .

     , , ,         .    ,           ( ,  ,     )    ,         .

          .           ,     .             .

,               .             .                    .

         ,     .          . ,     ,   ,            :



         ,                ,  .     ,                .[60 -  , ,   .  ?,  Republica,https://republic.ru/posts/93214?utm_source=republic.ru&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=morning (. 12.03.19).]


     .              ,     .

  , ,   . ,      ,    ;  ,         ,[61 - .,  .   , 1884, .   .  л, https://www.litmir.me/br/?b=68969&p=2 (.12.03.19).]                        . .    ,     [62 - . . ,   , - , ., 2001.]    . .   .  [63 - . . ,  .  , ., 2010, .   , . 293350.],  :  , , [64 - . . ,  :  , , , - LAP LAMBERT Academic Pablishing, 2016.]     养.[65 - . . ,    :       , - , ., 2016.]

    ,              ,         .                         .[66 -  ,  .      , . 13  115    :    (   ), . . . , - : CORPUS, ., 2019., 656 .]

   (Niall Ferguson)  ,   ,           ,     ,   2000    100        Time.[67 -    .    : , , https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/, _ (. 12.03.19).]        ,  ,        . ,             ,        ,   ,          .[68 -       25  2019.,            ,       .    ()      , , .    ,    .          ,         .]

 ,             .  ,       ,   ,      ,     .

    ,    ,   :

1.  ,     ,         .[69 -   ,           .    (  )   ,             (, , https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ (. 20.03.19)).    ,    ,    .      (  )          -.         .    , , , ,          .     ߻      .]

     : Quae quidem omnia non possunt physice   ,    . ,       2000    .    :



 ,   :  .    ,  ,      ,       .[70 -   , , 5,27  5,28]


,        ,      ,       ,    .[71 - , ,        ,        . .    (  ., -, 2005.)     SS 433   .]       ,       .



2.   ,     ,    .  ,           .        ,       .

                             . ,   1867         . .   :

		  ,
		  
		  ,
		,    
		  ,
		  
		  ![72 - . . ,  ,   , .1, - ,   , -, 2016, . 241.]

            ,         ,         ,        .



3.,      ,    ,     .

 ,     .        ,  .       ,    .       ,        .

 ,    ,   ,  ,         .

  ,                  .         ,      .  :



    ,      (  ,      )    ,  -      ,            ,       ,      ,       ,    , , , !.[73 -  , e-mail  25.07.17:13.27.]


    ,            .        .         .

 ,     ,     .        . .   .[74 -  . .,  . .,  . .,       , ,  2008., .178, 5, . 481488.    ,    ,   . . ,    .     .           ,              ,        .]

   ,      ,   ()       .        , , , , .

 ,                 ,    .

     ,     ,              (),   .

    ,   -    -  -,    ,    ,       -,  -,          ,     ,       .

       ,     ,   .

     :[75 -             . . :          ,          (. . ,   , . -, , 06(07),  2004.)]






00.04.    [76 -  :  ,      -.  . . .           .          -       .   ,     , ..       ,        ,         .  ,  -   .        ,    ,      ,  ,    ,    ,     .]



  -:






00.05.    -[77 -  :    . .  . .   NYCC.]



          .

    -  ,       , ,  ,         :






00.06.  .[78 -  :  ,    18.01.20:15.05.  . . .]



              .        ,       ,                  .

             . . .

        ,   -.

-, ,                              ,[79 -  ,                              ( , http://www.everettica.org/news.php3).]  -,                   .

    ,   ,     ,          .

,     ,           :     .

    .



,           . ,       .        (Karl Hampe) (18691936),  : "Die Geschichte kennt kein Wenn"[80 - Alexander Demandt, Ungeschehene Geschichte:Ein Traktat ?ber die Frage: Was w?re geschehen, wenn?, seite 16, .  (https://books.google.ru/books?id=quO9PuH5M9QC&pg=PT17&lpg=PT17&dq=Karl+Hampe++) (.10.10.19).]  "    """;       .[81 -  ,    , , Nov. 9th, 2017|07:23 pm, https://timur0.livejournal.com/332254.html (. 27.02.19).]


   , ,          . :



    ,    - ,  ,    .       ,       ,    .[82 - . . ,       13  1931., , . 13,    , 1951., . 106. .     , http://grachev62.narod.ru/stalin/t13/t13_19.htm (. 27.02.19).]


- ,      .                 ,         ,       .

     ,          . ,  ,         , :



      .  ,  ,  ,     ,  -     腻.[83 -   .      (2019), 1.06.42. 1.07.16.,    ,  You Tube, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wrUq7QQOkZA (. 13.05.20).]


            . . .            .[84 -      . . . ,   05  2019.,  . .        , , 05.03.19, http://chronos.msu.ru/ru/mediatek/video-sem/2019/medioteka/video-prezentatsiya-fotoreportazh-s-2019/zasedaniya-2019/zasedanie-seminara-05-marta-2019-g (.07.03.19).]

,               



 ,  ;  ,  [85 -  . . .,  , . ., . . . .   . . , - , ., 1990, . 53.],


 ,                ,            .

                :



,      ,    ,       ;   ,    ,  ,         .[86 -  . . .,   . .1,  , - , ., 1974, . 90.]



  ,   , ,     ,   -    -  -,    ,    ,       -,  -,          .



    .       :      - (,  ) .  , ,    (   ).      ,         ,     .       (    ),  ,           .              ,  .[87 - . . , e-mail  09.03.19:14.37.]



             . ,     XX ,  ,    , :



   ,     - .  ,  , ,    ,      ;           .[88 - . ,  .  , . . . ,  , 11, 2006., . 166.]


,    ,           ,             .           .

              . :



       . ,   ,  .     .         ( .)      .           .       .         .   ,                    ( .) ( ).   ,  - .    ,    - .      (, ,   )  .[89 -  . .,     , - , ., 2020., . 1415.]


   ,       ,       !   ,                     ,   .  ,  - ,  -   .

      , ,         ,              .       ,            ,     .

              ,       ,  ,       ,     ,    ,          ,     ,        , ..  ?  , ,           ,   , 



 1744     ,        - - (   II)?[90 - , ,    , https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/, ____]


        .       ,      ,         ?

      ,            . ,    . .    7  1941 .

     ,                !             ,                 !

      ,       ,           :



        -       ,      -  ,   腻.[91 -  , e-mail  28.09.16:19.06]


,     ,          .       :






00.07.      . . .[92 - ,   . . , . 10.]



,     ,     ,   ,    ,        ,     ( !)       , 

 -   ,      . .  6  1949   (. )   .        .

  ,            ,         ,                   .

               .   ,[93 - . .   - ,           ,    . . . ,        (,  , , https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/, __).] ,    , 



     ,  .        ,       ,   ,     .         ,    -   !.[94 -  .    . .  25.12.07.]


    ,          ,         ,    ,     !       ,   .             .

  ,    -,           ,      (,       )         ,     .

             .           .

     :      ,  ,   .      (      )  ,         .

  ,           ,[95 - . . , ,  2.]         ! -           ,      .

   ,    . .     ,    .

         .          ,       :






00.08.  .[96 -  : ,  , , https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/, __]



 ,        ,   ,             ,            ,       .

     ,     ,     .

   ,     , ,     . .   , 



13  1938 ,  ,   ,   ,             .     ,           ,  ,         ,  .

       ,   ,   ,     󻠖       .[97 - . ,   : ,   ,   , https://maxpark.com/community/4057/content/4863552.]


    .

      ,         ,         ?        :



    ?   ,                 .                ,  ,  ,  .    ,      ,      ,    -   -     ,  .        1945 ,       ,            ,     1945       (Operation Unthinkable)   .   1945        ,    ,   .        ,      1950-,   1960-     ,   .

 ,            -   .        ! ,      1933 ,     ,    ,        ,            ,            .          1943            ,           -2   .    ,         ,  :        ,         .   ,    ,    ,       .[98 - Ibid.]


      ,       .

        .  ,    ,   ,         .           軠  ,     .

,     ,  ,      ,                   .

,          ,      .

,        ,       ,    .     ,      .

    .  ,    ,          ,      ,                 ,     ,             .[99 -         .    (- , .,2017.)        ,      ,       22  1941 .]

                     ,    :         .

   .         ,         .   ,   -    .    ,    ,     .

         15.10.13  . . ,     . . . ,        ,    ,  1966.:



. .        ,  ?

. .  - !              滅

. .   ?

. .   ,      ,          .[100 - . . , . .      ,   , . 46, 2015, .26.]


          ,       ?

    ,  ,      .             .         .            .

            :  ,   .[101 -            Homo proponit, sed Deus disponit ( ,   )       . (. . ,   Thomas a Kempis. Opera omnia. Ed. M. J. Pohl. Freiburg, 1902-10,    ,   ,      , , 1992, . XIX(2), .   catholic-vnov.ru, http://catholic-vnov.ru/lib/fomk0.htm#pe (. 16.09.19)).           ,  .                (  ,  ,  ,  )  , ,       ,          (, 10, 23).          ,    ,    .       ,          ,          . (, , https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0 (. 16.09.19)).           .   ,      ,   .                 ,   ,      .]  ,     ,    (         !)   .

,        ,  , ,         .

       ,            . . ,   ,    ,   ,  , , ,  ,      ,               .




 1. .   


Somewhere near the Oginski Canal,

There is a town called Telekhany.

Boys over there dreamed about schools,

And girls dream about dowries.

Dina Godiner-Klitenick[102 -   The Sacred Chain ( )  -,   . 106    , Translation of the Telekhan (Telekhany, Belarus), Published by the Yizkor Books in Print Project part of Yizkor Books Project of JewishGen, Inc. Originally in Yiddish, Hebrew and English, edited by: Sh. Sokoler, Published in Los Angeles, 1963. Translated by David Goldman, translations donated by Ray Stone and Rita Krakower Margolis, project Coordinator,Ray Stone, 218 p. .  https://www.jewishgen.org/yizkor/Telekhany/telekhany.html#TOC (. 11.03.20).:-      .   ,    .]




 


  ,            5231 .. 2551 ..,      .          ,    XIX   XX      .

   ,        :



       ,     ,    [103 - Asher Gurshtel, The Story of how Telekhany was Destroyed in Translation of the Telekhan, . 9.]


,  .                .






01.01.   .  [104 -  : Wikimedia Commons, File: Michal Kazimier Aginski.i i ii (1757-61). jpg, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Michal_Kazimier_Aginski._i_i_ii_%281757-61%29.jpg (. 13.02.20).]



   ,   XVI.,       ,          XVIII.      .[105 -       .       ,      XVIII.    ,       .      .        II      .]

          ,          .



 ,      ,       .      ,       .  ,          .         ,      ,      ,   腻[106 - Asher Gurshtel, The Story of how Telekhany was Destroyed in Translation of the Telekhan, . 9].


 1767       47  ,       ׸        .

         ,             .   ,  1783 ,  ,  ,       , , ,  , , , , .        ,      ,       .

 17751778 ,      ,    ,   ,       [107 - , https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ (. 11.03.20)]           , , 

          .      , , ,  , ,        .

     ,              .       . , ,     (  ,     ,        )    ,        .

    ,     XIX .



     ,  <   . .>    ;       .[108 - Ibid.]


          1826 .           1817     .[109 - , https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/]     ,          XIX  ?.

        󻠖 , ,  , .

,     .      ,     .       ,      1903 [110 - ,   21     ,     3  ,  . .   . .   . .   07.01.63.,   .],    .

     . ,  1908     .[111 - : ?(??????????(),     ,  .???????? []  ?????[] )        .https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ (. 11.03.20).]






01.02.   .  ,  ,   .[112 -  :   , Translation of the Telekhan (Telekhany, Belarus), Published by the Yizkor Books in Print Project part of Yizkor Books Project of JewishGen, Inc. Originally in Yiddish, Hebrew and English, edited by: Sh. Sokoler, Published in Los Angeles, 1963. Translated by David Goldman, translations donated by Ray Stone and Rita Krakower Margolis, project Coordinator,Ray Stone, . 166. .  https://www.jewishgen.org/yizkor/Telekhany/telekhany.html#TOC (. 11.03.20).      :             .]



,    ,    ,  ,           ,     ,      .

, -,    ,     ,   ,  ,       ,    ,        .

             .    -,     -:

		   ,
		    .

       ,     1793.,   ,    XX       .

 19151918.    -     ,  191821.  ,    ,  1921.    ,  17  1939      ,  27  1941.   ,  12  1944.    ,  19  1991.    .

                  ,        ,     .

 1915       -     . . .          ,   1916     .        , ,   .

    ,  ,        ,    .   1915       .     .    . .   :



   ,       ,     ,     ,         ,      .    ,  ,    ,               .         .[113 - .,  , 8  1916 (15310), .      . , https://gumilev.ru/prose/32 (. 11.03.20).]


    .  ,                

                       ?     !

          :



,   ,      :   ,    ,    .          ,   , , .[114 - . . ,  ,  III, ., . ݻ, 2015., . 274.]


      --.

,   ,       .   ,             21 !     19391941.     ,      .

      :



            .     ,   .       .     .[115 - Aaron Klitenick, The Munich Conference in Translation of the Telekhan . 43.]


 17  1939           .






01.03.   ,   [116 -  :   ( ),  ,   , http://www.pinsk-history.ru/78-istoriya-pinska/istoriya-goroda/210-istoriya-poyavleniya-i-razvitiya-pochty-v-pinske (.11.03.20).]



      :



     .    .            .         .        .        ;        ,     .[117 -   ,       ,  ,            ,     :  ,    . (,  , https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/_ (.11.03.20)).]      ,       .[118 - Aaron Klitenick, The Munich Conference in Translation of the Telekhan . 43.]


,            ,          :           ,      .        ,



 -       ,   <  >     .[119 - Akiva Ilivitsky, The Red Army in Telekhany in 19391953, in Translation of the Telekhan . 117.]


     .

      . XVIII    .   1940         .         ,          :



       .  ,        67 . Ÿ   ,   .   ,          (    ).       , ,  ,     1/3  ,    .[120 - , . . ,  . . ,      1940.]


       ,  ,        27 .           67-       (       64  8  3   3 ),       ,      (      ?).

       ,         .  67     ?        !

    ,       ,  1939   49 .[121 - ,           ,  ,           .     (),   , 24.8.55.   . .   .]          .

    ,          .

     .   57  1941 .    :



5  1941       .      .             ,                .[122 - ,   , https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/__ (.03.05.19).]


   -   .         ,       27  1941       .

    .   ,   1931 ,      ,    . ,       .     .                 ,           10 .[123 - Gideon Saar,   02.05.19:22.28, https://web.facebook.com/GideonSaarLikud/posts/10157282649938967?__tn__=C-R (. 03.05.19).]                     2000 .[124 - ,   , https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/__ (.03.05.19).]

, ,               .






01.04.    .  1941 .[125 -  :  ,   ,  , , 26  2017, . 13.]






01.05.  , 1943 [126 -  :    SS (SS-Kavalleriebrigade), -  FELDGRAU info, http://feldgrau.info/other/15758-prestupleniya-kavalerijskoj-brigady-ss-ss-kavalleriebrigade-2 (. 11.03.20).     ,               .              .      ]



  ,    ,    -,     ,     ? , !

,   ,               ,      .      ,        .

  7              [127 -   ,      .               ໻      컻      ,         ( https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/____(_)).  ,       ,   .],   2000 .






01.06.   .[128 -  :  :   ,   , 28.05.18, https://zen.yandex.ru/media/road_reload/babii-iar-istoriia-odnogo-koshmara-5b0b8828a815f1dcd179affb (. 11.03.20).]



      .                      1949 :



       ,   ,   ,       ,      .[129 - ,  . .   . .   18.05.1949.  .   .]


       .        :



     ,  ,   ,        .


  -          .[130 - Esther Miller, A great loss for the world in English Section Translation of the Telekhan . 6.   ,          (         : The stories of the Nazi bestialities are so fantastic, so gruesome, horrifying and repulsive that the human mind is unable to comprehend them),             .]

     .       7021.     90 ,       ,           ,  -              .

          ,      ,        :



          ,                ,           ,          ,            [131 -  , . 7021, .90, . .30,    .    , 46 .]







01.07.     ,  - .[132 -  :  ,     , . 7021, . 90.]



         .    1945 ,    ,  . ,  ,   .    .    ,        ,                  .

    .    ,         .         :



,    ,     ?[133 -      , . 12:1]


 :



   , ,     .  :  ,  ,  [134 - Ibid,  12:19.]


         ?

     , ,              :



      ,      ,     ,  10  (     ),          97 ,       .[135 - ,   , https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/__#cite_note-autogenerated1-1 (. 11.03.20).]


       ,                ,          .

      .

   ,           ,   ,       1941.,   ,      27  1941  ..       (, , ,    ?)    ,      . , ,    ,       ,     ,        -  1963 .[136 - Translation of the Telekhan (Telekhany, Belarus), Published by the Yizkor Books in Print Project part of Yizkor Books Project of JewishGen, Inc. Originally in Yiddish, Hebrew and English, edited by: Sh. Sokoler, Published in Los Angeles, 1963. Translated by David Goldman, translations donated by Ray Stone and Rita Krakower Margolis, project Coordinator,Ray Stone, 218 p. .  https://www.jewishgen.org/yizkor/Telekhany/telekhany.html#TOC (.11.03.20).]

   ,                   :   1400   ,   500 .






01.08.      1400     .[137 -  : ,   , https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/__ (. 13.02.20).]






01.09.      500   .[138 -  : Ibid.]



    ,   .      (   ,              !)     ,        ,   .

 , -  1995  (    ),   -     , ,    ,             ,    ,    1941 ,   .       .






01.10.        .[139 -  : Ibid.]





       ,    1995 :






01.11.         [140 -  : Ibid.]





        ,         :



 .



     1400     < 500  >  ,          10   , 4  1941 .      .

      , 1995.[141 -     ,     ,     .]


          ,            .     .    ,    ,  , -    :      .

  ,        , ,        .[142 -   ,          , ,   ,        . ,           .]




    


   ,      ,         .     ,    -.

        [143 -   (,  ?)         (Izaak Koval)    (Grase Wiedemann),        ,  1, . 119,     24.10.2014 (Ph.D. Jim DeBrosse, Department Media, Film and Journalism, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio USA). https://www.dropbox.com/sh/2z1g726fnn1s2yv/AAA8QyJDoBWWy-N_W53s6Dnya?dl=0&preview=FBI+Report+on+Koval%2C+Part+1.PDF.       .   . ,      .     ,    ,              . (,           ,  ,   ,           .     (),   , 24.8.55.   . .   ).]    .        : , , , , , .

,   . . ,   ,    :



   ,       ? (     ).   , , 12  ,     .            (          ).[144 - . . , e-mail  18.12.03:12.43.]


,                    .  ( 19101912 ) , ,      ,     .

     ,   ,        1942 .[145 - , -  1941.  1942     ,   1955   .]

      :



 : 1890,  : . , .   1939.: .   : .    : , 1942.  :  ( )[146 - ,           ,  ,           .     (),   , 24.8.55.   . .   .]


       1910.      ,  -  

        .    ,        .   , ,     ,    ,         :






01.12. ,  .    (Gershon)  ( )    ()   .[147 -  : , .]



      :






01.13.    [148 -  : , .]



Ÿ       . . ,      , .

    :



     ,       .   ,    ,    ,           .    .             " ",       ,          .    :         .    .  :          . (,      ). :    ,       ,      .

   ,  ,   ,   ,      ,     ,       . .[149 - . . , e-mail  29.09.16:17.54]


,    ,   ,   - 26  1910 .[150 -  1 .117]

    ?       ,   ,     .    ?         ,    .

  . ,  ,   



  ,   .    ()  ,    .    ,     ,   .[151 - . . , e-mail  25.10.17:15.02.]


       . :



  ,      .   ,    .[152 - . . , e-mail  31.10.17:20.08.   ,  . .    ,     ,       .  , ,   . .,    ,   ,   .]


  ,              ,        .          ,   .

, ,        ,        .   ,        ,       .

         ,      . ,   ,    ,  - .          , , , .   ,  -          ,  20  1911    [153 -  (1) .117.].

     ,   (              ),    ,   1941   ,        , ,  - .  ,  ,  [154 -   . 7021, .90, . . 30(2), . 89 ().]:





25.  1891. .

26. . . .? . 

27.  1929. 

28.  . .?? 

29.  ?? 

30.  ?? 

31.  ?? 




     (       )     ( ): 7275; 8892; 99106 513518  934939.  49 .

     .         :[155 - Ibid.]





400.  1916. .

401403. .  .   .

404. ?

405406. .  .   .




   1941  ,   , 112     (  ) ,       ,     ,     ,    ,   컅

        ,             19101912      .

,      ,    ,      -   .             :



  ,   1915., . .   -; ;  /; ,   . :  .,  -, . . .

 24  1940. :  11  1940., .: 72    / . : 5 , .: , . 09.1941  27  1989.   .[156 - 


   , .    "", http://lists.memo.ru/d10/f150.htm (.11.03.20).]


,    ,    ,       1941 ,                 1941 .

        1941     (, , ),  (, , ), ,[157 -   . 7021, .90, . . 30(2), . 133159.]     .     ,  ,        :         ,          .    ,     1941      .

          ?, , ,           ,   ,   -   .

        XIX ,     XX     .   1905 ,  ,      19171920.,   19211939.,    1939.     .

        . .    . , ,  ,        , ,   ,             .   ,       ,  13  1914    13  1914 .

      [158 -   !      养   ,  ,   ,     .       (, ,  ?)   , ,         ,    .      (         Radzima.net  13.04.16, https://www.radzima.net/ru/miejsce/parszewicze_1.html (. 10.02.20)).     (    !)             .                  :  .  .  (    ),  .  ( . . ). ( ,     . . ,   " " . . .-, 2012., .    https://www.tg-m.ru/articles/spetsialnyi-vypusk-ip-pokhitonov-charodei-khudozhnik/khronika-zhizni-tvorchestva-pokhitonova (. 10.02.20)).] 5     ,   ,         .

            ,      ,    .           ,    !       .

   , ,   ,     .  ,    ,  ,    .        .

        ,              .           .

 ,       [159 -     ,      90-  XIX    40-  XX .              .(, https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/)]  [160 -  ( )  -    .   XX .       . (, https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/_)]     . ,   4     1906      - ,          .

  ( )  , ,       ,     ,        .     .






01.14.      .[161 - ,   . . .]



           :






01.15.        [162 - Ibid.]



       , ,          , -, -   (   ), ,     :






01.16.         .[163 - Ibid.]



       (        ),              !   .

            ,         34             34     .

              ,              -,       .           .

, ,       -         -   (     )     (      ,      ).

   1520,   30- ,  -    ,        !

-,  ,            -,   - - .

 -,                 .     ,   ,    ,      ,      .

      ,      

          .

  ,     19051906.,   



      657 ,      3000 [164 - Gur Alroey, Sexual violence, rape, and pogroms, 19031920, Journal Jewish Culture and History, v.18, 3, 2017, .    Lenta.ru, 18  2017, https://lenta.ru/articles/2017/10/18/sandp.],


     ,      컠  ,      ,  ,    .           ,        .

   .

 , 19  1906      - .          ,         24 . ,       ,         .

          :



    ,  :  ,   ,    . ,    ,    ,    , ,   .      ,    ,          .[165 - . . , .    18.12.03:12.43.]


,             .      1906     ,    ,      ,           !      (    )   ,           ,   .

  19061907     .                   1906     [166 -         .    (   )    (  )     ,        1- ,  8     2-  (,   , https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/__).     1906   ,  ,    1- .].

       .    ,       . ,   , ,  ,        ,      ,   .

        .    - ,  ,              ,          .

         . ,    - , -       .    -   .     .      .     ,   1911 ,        ,      ,              .

         (..)  . .  (..):



. . ,      ,         ,     

. .  , ,           . , ,             ,   , ,  ,     ,     .          -   .        ,   , (  )    .    ,    .      :







01.17.     .[167 -  : .]





   ()              ,    [168 -  ,  04.11.13.    (..),     .]


,   ,  . .    ,                ,     ,    -                !

   ,            .        ,      ,   .

 ,      ,  -    ,    .       (       ),                 .

             ,      .

 ,                            .

   , ,    ,  .    .     ? ,        ,                 - .

           ,        :






01.18.     .[169 - :     , https://ru.openlist.wiki/___(1893) (. 18.07.19).  껠         (19171991.),    軻(https://ru.openlist.wiki/_: _ (. 18.07.19)).]



,     ,          ,             ,        XX  (   1883,  1893,    ,  ),      ,   ,             8  9  ,  ϻ  ˻,   ,   ,          ,   ,   -             -,     .

          ,     ,    22  1932       [170 - ,        .     43-             ( , 43-      ( ), https://www.liveinternet.ru/community/3629085/post123815785 (. 18.07.19)),   30-     2-     ( . .  . .        . 22  1938.,   , http://istmat.info/node/32631 (. 18.07.19)).]   ,   3    12  .

  ! ,      ,  , ,    ,       -   ,  ,         .

     ,              ,   ,       1932 ,   , , -   ,       .[171 -            .             ,    .        :  ,  ,     .      ,      .    ,   ,   (      ).      ,    ,       .     . (. . , e-mail  23.07.2019:12.28).                .]

         ,   .




    ?


           .            .              .        .

     . .        ,     .[172 -  . .   ,  , . 14, http://bustorik.info/milkywaycenter-com/everettica/AK041017]

                  .           (..  )  .

        .      .        .   ,    ,      .

 ,                .

    ,     ,        ,       .  ,  .[173 -  , . 7021, . 90, . .30, . 4]

      8 



 , ,  ,    :







01.19.    ,    .[174 -  ,     , . 7021, . 90, . .30, . 4.]



        .    .

           ,    (   ,         )  -      34 !   .

          .         .             .

,        ,         . ,            .      , -     - .



       -,             .       ,   .   :   ,   .        <, . .>     ,         ,        .      ,       ,  :    ,   ,   .       - .      ,               ,                .     :         ,       .                  .[175 - , , , https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/, _]


                

   ,        Ahnenpass (" "),  



     1750 .    ,      .[176 - .,      1/2-  1/4-,  IsraLove, 01.05.2016, https://isralove.org/load/2-1-0-194]


  ,     , ,  , ,     1750  1935       .          ,     -     ,        19051907 . ,   .           .

    ( )      " ".[177 - Ibid.]     ,   ѻ  4 ,       .        .  ,   ,             ,        .[178 - Ibid: 2  1940               ,   ,       ,      ,   .]

 ,                 1935      .   ,      [179 -             Homo    .             1941        ! ( . , https://www.proza.ru/2017/05/18/529?fbclid=IwAR3YmYhNXoQ04l9mM6-eB-bndX_q6lo3sKCe-8ga1riCjrj25ZLcUsaNvw (. 23.02.20)).   ,        .        ,      .  ,       ,    .]  .

        (  -   ,     )  ,      -           ,   .

, ,   ,     . .   ,  



  : Iohann (Hans) Koval (Kowal) SS Weissrusland (Poland) Telechani.    .[180 -   . , e-mail  23.08.17:12.11.]


 -    .   :



      .  ,      .[181 -   . , e-mail  25.08.17:19.02.]


, ,    , :



  ,          . ,      .     .[182 -   . , e-mail  28.09.17:14.36]


       ,       - ,   ,     ,  ,   ,  .

     .   ,                 .

      ,             ,    -   (    ,     )         .         ,        .

    ,          -   .  ,                ,       .

     ,     ,        ,        [183 -  ,   .  - 31- . 19411945, , ., 2010, .   iknigi.net, https://iknigi.net/avtor-leonid-rabichev/42491-voyna-vse-spishet-vospominaniya-oficera-svyazista-31-armii-1941-1945-leonid-rabichev/read/page-1.html (. 22.02.20).]  ,  , , ,     -   31- ,   , 3-   1-  .      ,   (  . 16  ),       ,            ,  - . ,    ,         .         .  86           ,   .  ,        ,     ,           .

   .               .                .      ,    ,    .

   ,    ,                .    

       .         ,         ,  .







     .

       .                     :



         ,      :     85 [184 -      . ,       24  1913      16  1890  ( (1) .105, 113, 114),    499861,         14  1932 ,      10  1891  ( (2) . 39).             (   ),     - ,              1903 .  ,       ,  -           .]       (    . . ,   .           ()   ,     ,  ,             .







01.20.     .  XX .[185 -  :   , Translation of the Telekhan (Telekhany, Belarus), Published by the Yizkor Books in Print Project part of Yizkor Books Project of JewishGen, Inc. Originally in Yiddish, Hebrew and English, edited by: Sh. Sokoler, Published in Los Angeles, 1963. Translated by David Goldman, translations donated by Ray Stone and Rita Krakower Margolis, project Coordinator,Ray Stone, 218 p., . 157. https://www.jewishgen.org/yizkor/Telekhany/tel157.html (. 11.03.20).      ,          .   ,   ,     .]





   ,   9 ,     ()   16 ,  11  .                  3  ,            .             , ,         .                .         .               (    )[186 -  ,     1911    .].[187 - ,  . .  . .   . .   17  1952 .   .]


      ,       ,    -  ,    ,   :



        ,      .[188 -  ,     ,    , 05.07.2012, https://www.forumdaily.com/amerikanskij-grazhdanin-geroj-rossii]


    100           .  ,        . ,  ,               .   ,         ,   ( ),          (           ),               ?

     ,         ,            ,     1911 ,    .        :






01.21.   . .    , 1911.[189 -  :  .             .  30.10.13.]



      ,         ,         .           ,        ,       .  , ,      ,            .     ,    ,            :



    ,           - .                        ,      ,        .[190 - ,  . .  . .   . .   21  1952 .   .]







01.22.    . .  . .   . .   21.08.52



 ,   ,      :



   

           ,          < >                  < >    28  1730 .           (      ).            .

          ,       [191 - ,  . .  . .   . .   29  1952 .   .]


        ,            .

 ,    .  ,      ,   ,     .






01.23.   , 2016.[192 -  : . , e-mail  05.07.18:13.28]



       .        ,   ,         -  :



     :    ,    .  3940      ,       .  ,      ,  .    ,   2,53  ,     ,    ,     .    ,   ,    ,    ,    .     , ,          (!),    .    .     , . ,        ,    ,     .     ,    ,       .        .     ,   .     ,    .  ,     ,    ,     .    ,   - .[193 - . , e-mail  19.03.19:22.43.]


 2016  .          :



   ,      ,  .[194 - . , e-mail  05.07.18:13.28.]







01.24.   -  , 2016.[195 -  : . , e-mail  05.07.18:13.28]



  2018       ,      .             :



   :   ,     .     .      ,  .     , ,   .        .   ,    ,     .      ,       -    .   ,      .   ,  .    .[196 - . , e-mail  02.07.18:14.01]


    ,       

         .

  ,                        :






01.25. . .    .[197 -  :  ,            https://kamsmd.ru/administratsiya/glava-poseleniya/biografiya-glavy (. 24.07.19).]



        .



   ,   2018                . .                     (     ,    ).   ,     ,        . (     ,    ).[198 - . . , e-mail  . .   19.07.19:10.00.]


 . .         ,   ,  . .        :

		    ,
		    :
		   ,
		   .

		    
		   
		 ,
		  [199 - . . ,     셻,    1830,    .  . .   1855         .]

 ( 2019.)    :






01.26.   -  , 2019.[200 -  :  ,   ,   , 08.05.2019, .    http://www.gazetaeao.ru/oni-byli-kommunarami (. 24.07.19).]



  ,    ,        , -          , , ,          .            .[201 -     ,   ,         腻,    . ( 04.11.13.    (..),     ,  ).]

, ,  - ,    ,    ,    ,       .






01.27. . . , 1805.[202 -  :     ,  Wikimedia Commons, File: Michal Kleafas Aginski.i  ii (F.-X. Fabre, 1805). jpg, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=12226192 (. 13.02.20).]



,  ,      , ,   ,   ,        ,    ,     13 ,         



        (  )             腻[203 - ,  . .  . .   . .   29  1952 .   .].


      ,          1904        11  1911 [204 - "Iowa, County Marriages, 18381934", index, FamilySearch, https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/QJDS-Z96P: accessed 13 March 2015, Abraham Koval and Ethel Shenitsky, 1911]     .

            .

     1903 , , ,  -   .         ,       [205 -  ,  ,   .     , 23  2017.,  Life.ru, https://life.ru/p/977456 (. 11.03.20).].

      . ,             ,     ,      :



  XX .             [206 - . . ,    XVIII   XX .:    ,  ,  ,   , The journal of Power Institution in Post-Soviet Societies, 4/5, 2006., https://journals.openedition.org/pipss/493 (. 11.03.20).].


      ,       ,             - (,    ).                ,    .

       ,     ,       , , .      ,         ,        .

, ,  ,  ,       ,     .    .                      .[207 -  ,     ?       ?,  FB.ru: https://fb.ru/article/164303/chto-oznachaet-nimb-nad-golovoy-chto-simvoliziruyut-nimbyi-nad-golovoy-u-svyatyih.]






01.28.   (29?24.),      .      .[208 -  : , .]









,          ,       .  ,              XX .

           ,              ,    -          XIX    .   ,              ,    ,       .

   ,           .             7  1963 :



        ,    ,            .   ,    .          ,   ?   .   21     .     3- .       80   7- .[209 - ,  . .  . .   . .   07.01.63, ,   .]


            1903    21 . ,       .

 1874          .



1 (13)  1874.        ,            .          .          .        ,   .[210 -            ,     . . , https://www.prlib.ru/history/618941 (. 11.03.20).]


,        :



       ,   ,   1-   ,   ,     [211 -      1  1874 / I, . I, . 11, .  , https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/_____1__1874_/_I (. 11.03.20).].


    :



 ,  21 ,       .    ,       ,  .[212 -  . .,  . .,  . .  . 2- . ., 2012, .102103. .   . , http://ponjatija.ru/node/3156]


     20  21 .   ,       :



              1-   15- ,      15-   31- .[213 -      1  1874 / I, . I, . 11, .  , https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/_____1__1874_/_I (. 11.03.20).]


 ,    ,      ,    21 .

    .     , ,      (     ),   25 ! ,   1  1903         20         1903 ,     25  1882    ! ,         ,       (  )   6  1883 .[214 -   19          12  (,  ,https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/_#_______ (. 24.07.19)]

-  (   )                  .          [215 -   ,  .]       1965 .

,  ,        ,           ,  ,  !    . . :



           (   -2)  ,       ,      1881 ,     ,  -   ,       ,      .     . .,        .[216 - .. , e-mail  . .   19.07.19:10.00.]







01.29.      -2, 2019 .[217 -  :  . .  . . , e-mail  23.07.19:05.20.]



        .   :



    5,   (   )[218 -  . .  . . , e-mail  23.07.19:05.20]







01.30.      . . .[219 -  :  . . , e-mail  19.07.19:10.00]



       1881 .      ( , ,   )?        ,        1963 ,               .  ,      (     ).

     ?     40-             ,       ,   ,    ,     ,     ,     ,      .

,  ,   .      ,              ,               . (       ).

    ,      .   . . , ,     (   1215  [220 -  . .  25.07.19.]),      .

 ,    , -,        ,         -  ,  ,     .

 ,             25  1882    .

 ,      ,    ,     .       1903 .

      ,    XX     1905       -.   ,           .       ,        [221 -  ,        , http://berkovich-zametki.com/Avtory/Basin.htm (. 11.03.20).]:



      XX      ,        , 67  1903.,      .        (. 9),       .  108,5   50240   (46,3%)               49   586   , ,       .        .     ,      .    ,         .        .        ,   .    .         ,      [222 -  . .    . .3 (18811914). :  , 1923, . 371372.]      1903    :     .         .         .        .       .           ,         .                .      [223 - . ,       ( 1903        XX ),  " ", 3(86), 2015,. http://berkovich-zametki.com/Avtory/Basin.htm (. 11.03.20).].


     .  ,        , . .  [224 -  . .,   , -  , 2001, .341.]         1903.:



 ,   ,                ,          ,       .[225 -   :    , , 1904, 44, .]


         .

             :



   XX       -  -   .  1904.    47289 ,       26504 (56%).      .     , , ,  ,  ,   ,  ,  .     ,  , .  1898.   26 .                  .         .[226 - . ,       ( 1903        XX ),  " ", 3(86), 2015, http://berkovich-zametki.com/2015/Starina/Nomer3/Basin1.php.]


    ,    ,      ,       .         ,  黠       .

      廠    ,        ,   .

             1903 ?

    ,       ,         ,   ,       . ,      ,     1903      ,    ,   ,   ,     1906 ,         .

          ,    ,   ,     .

       ? ,             ,         .

        .            ,      ,         20-  40- .

 1908  . . ,   X   ,      ,         [227 - . ,    ,   ,     , ., 1956, .4.]        :



     ,    .         .            1015 .     ,      [228 -  -    ,        ,           .    . .   ; -    X         . <      . .>].   ,    :        ,   ,   ,   ,  -  ,  ,  , , ,   < . . .>.   ,    ,    .   , ,    ,       . , ,      , .[229 -  ,   , ,   21  1908.,     , ., 1956, . 28.]


, ,  򻠖  , -,              :



    ,      ,  ,   .     .[230 -       . ., ,  . <      . .>.]    ,   ,      ,  .    :     ,  ,   :  .  ,      -                  :  ,  ,  - ,      -   ,           : ,    :  ! -      .[231 -  ,   , ,   6  1908.,     , ., 1956, . 34]


 ,     , ,      ,      ,   1910    .        .

, ,      ,      1903 ,      .

   ,  ,       ,   ,     , -   ,       :



     ,    ,          .     ,        ,      .[232 -  -    .  ,     ,     1920 .        ()      .     XX               .]       ,    .    ,  ,     .  (  ) -,      .[233 - . . , . , e-mail  18.12.03:12.43.]


       ?          ?

          1903 ,            .      . :



  10    , 16 ,            .[234 - . ,       ( 1903        XX ),  " ", 3(86), 2015, http://berkovich-zametki.com/2015/Starina/Nomer3/Basin1.php]


     50 .             .       1903             .

      . ,     :



               3  ,            .       .[235 - ,  . .  . .   . .   17  1952 .   .]


      1903 ,    ,    (,  ,    !)  -     ?

       .  ,       ,    (      1,5 [236 -      Queen Mary,      13  1959 ,         .        15  1881 . (https://www.ancestry.com/interactive/1518/30807_A001426-00302?pid=2188370&backurl=https://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv%3D1%26dbid%3D1518%26h%3D2188370%26tid%3D%26pid%3D%26usePUB%3Dtrue%26_phsrc%3DRQf20%26_phstart%3DsuccessSource&treeid=&personid=&hintid=&usePUB=true&_phsrc=RQf20&_phstart=successSource&usePUBJs=true)]),                -.

   ,           ,     .   .         :



 ,            ,    .    ,         .      ,     ,     -.  ,     ,     ,        .[237 -      1965  1966 ,        < >     . ,        .        . . ,       . (, e-mail  10.12.13.).]


    1903    ,      , ,  ,      ,    ,    .






01.31.  , 1910- , .[238 -  : .]





        1903 ,          , , ,  .          ,            .

     ,   ,      ,[239 -          ,        .        1932. ( (2), . 77).]   :    ,    [240 - . . ,    , 27  1869.].      ?

, ,         .

   - ,       ,     .



 24       New York Times,    :     .               ,          .      .     60 .                < , . .>,    , ,   .   68 .

   ,[241 - , 49, 1  1903.]      200 ,    4050  ,         100    -.[242 - . ,       ( 1903        XX ),  " ", 3(86), 2015, http://berkovich-zametki.com/2015/Starina/Nomer3/Basin1.php]


  , ,    .

        (                 ),        .



             , ,     ,                 ,    .[243 -  ,   1903 ,  , 02 ., 2003, http://forum.souz.co.il/viewtopic.php?t=16285]


,       .               , ,     ,      .

         .            ,   1904 .           ,               36   44 ,        1000 ![244 -  ,   :          ,       , 19  2017, 13:11, https://gomel.today/rus/news/gomel-4978/]

   ?          , ,    ,           . ,  ,      :



       ,     ,    .      .[245 -  . .,  . .,  . .  . 2- . ., 2012, .102103. .   . , http://ponjatija.ru/node/3156]


          .      33,3%     ,    66,7%   .

       ,    ,  .           ,            :         .             ,          .

 ,    ?

     ( , , ,     ,     )           ,    



       ,      .[246 - , , https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/]


      .       ,       .

  ,      ,           . ,             ,     .[247 - Ibid.]

:



      ,     .[248 - Ibid.]


,      -               ?

,        ,     ,  , ,   ,   .[249 - Ibid.]  ,       (      ),    ,         ,    ,    .

          :



        ,      .          ,              .[250 - Ibid.]


    ?       ,  .      :



 1910-         .[251 -   . . . .    . . .  1940.          . ,         1912 .        1910,     1911 .]


   ,  , ,         .

  ,  ,    .               .            1903         ,         .

 ,        ,   160-   ,   1903. .     . .          [252 -  ,  軠     , http://www.vilavi.ru/pes/farewell/farewell-1.shtml]

       ,   .          ,      ,  ,    .    ,   .       ,  :



. .     - , -  ?         !

. . . , ( ). ,  

.  ?   , , .[253 -  30.10.13.   ,    ,  .]


     .     ,         .          , ,    .         ,  ,  .        , , .






01.32.   .  XX .[254 -  :  ,     , liveinternet.ru, 08.08.16:09.26, https://www.liveinternet.ru/users/4262933/post395951238 (. 13.02.20).]



   ,     1904          -.        .

       .           ,   , ,      ,        .           .

 ,         (        . 182      1  1874 [255 - 182.         . ,   ,      ,    ,     -   . https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/_____1__1874_/_XII])       ,     

     .        60         :      ,     .   - ,     ,   .

         ,    .              ,           .       ,        ,    .

  ,    -   , ..  - .      ,        ,     .      ,   ,    .       ,      ,   ,        .

    6  1904   -   :






01.33.          (Patricia).[256 - Hamburg Passenger Lists, 18501934forAbram Kowal, https://www.ancestry.com/interactive/1068/K_1782_080541-0503?pid=1151720&treeid=&personid=&rc=&usePUB=true&_phsrc=DTU25&_phstart=successSource]



   Abram Kowal, 30 ,  (ledig),     (Neswis) (  100   ),     (Geselle Schuhmacher)[257 -  ,         (Zippi), . , e-mail  06.12.17:13.55.]  .

 30-   , .            (,  ),        ,              .          ?

   ,             .

               .       1905 ,   ,   ,  -,   .             .

    -     ,      .              ,  ,       .

,    (  ) ,      -               (    11  1904 ,    9  1906 !)      .



        ,   ,  I     ,   .         ,  [258 -  ,   :          ,       , 19  2017, 13:11, https://gomel.today/rus/news/gomel-4978/.]



       ?         ,      . .   2014 .[259 -           . . ,      "  -   "   28.11.17       . . .  (http://www.chronos.msu.ru/ru/mediatek/video/2017/medioteka/videozapisi-seminara/videozapisi-2017-g/zasedanie-seminara-28-noyabrya-2017-g).        -,    .    XXI  ,      XX ,    ,  ,      .]  ,          .

 ,   ancestry.com . .            ,          .[260 - List or manifest of alien passengers applying for admission to the United States from foreign contiguous territory,https://www.ancestry.com/interactive/1075/m1464_50-0127?pid=141614&treeid=&personid=&rc=&usePUB=true&_phsrc=Zap54&_phstart=successSource]

     1907 .      10    (,   Abraham Koval), 24 , , ,   :






01.34.        ,           1907 [261 - Ibid.]



 , , ,     ,        ,    ,         .       . ,          .

               1906      1910 , ..      , 

    . ,  ,   컠  ,             -  .

     ,     . ,        .       . . ,  1  1907  (   )    .

      


,  .       :



. .         ,     ?

. . .        . ,        .          .[262 -  30.10.13.   ,    ,  .]


, ,   .       ,   -   --     ?

     ,    -  ,  ,      .             Abraham Koval  .

 ,    1905         -      1883  ,      ,   ,  ,      ,   ,    -  Abraham Kovel.[263 - United States Border Crossings from Canada to United States, https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:XPB7-QY6]

      Koval  Kovel      .         .

   ,        .                ,          ,     1905 .






01.35.        ,           1905 .[264 - U.S., Border Crossings from Canada to U.S., 18951960,https://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv=1&dbid=1075&h=58790&tid=&pid=&usePUB=true&_phsrc=DTU92&_phstart=successSource]



     ,  1     , 13      ,    ,    ( )         (  ),       .[265 - ,   , https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/__]             .

    ,                      ,     ,     (carmaker).         .

,       (       ?)   ,            -  -  .

   .      ,   19051907   274 ,   34  ,[266 - , , https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/] -   19041906  -  ,    ,    .[267 - ,  , https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/_]

      ,    .       ,     -,     ,   ,    ,     . ?

     , ,       .   軠           ,           .[268 - .. , e-mail  18.12.03:12.43.]

     ,     ,     -          ,        ,    .

  ,      -   .      -      .         ,     .

   1907 .       ,            ,     .      ?

    : ,    . : .       , ,      ?          .                  .

  :






01.36.   1907      .[269 -     https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-89D9-C7K1?i=128&cc=2185163]



   1904 !        ,       .    ( 1907.),       ,    ,        .

                     ,   ,            ,    ,   .

 ,        19041907.   ,    .      , ,             .

 , , ,    1907    -?

,      ,  ,      ,      .



   1905     ,     .       ,        .[270 - ,  -     , http://www.ejwiki.org/wiki/_()]


       



   190507.     (  1909.     400 ).[271 -  , , https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/_.]


,       ,       .[272 - ,  :        ()           (),   1906.   58 ,    . (,   , http://eleven.co.il/article/10791).]

 , ,             ,  1907     . ,    ,  ,   .   ,  ,                 .

,        , ,    1906   [273 - ,            :  ,       ⻠ .  ,     (   )  ,           ,  , ,     ..        ,                   , , ,        . . (: , http://cyclowiki.org/wiki/).]                .

     ,    ,             .                 ,         .

   1907 ,   ,     1822 :[274 -       ]

		  ,
		 ,  ,
		      ,
		  - .
		!      !
		!.. ! !  , , .
		
		,  ,    ,
		    !..[275 - . . ,   ,  4,  14.]

           ,    .       

?         ,  .     , K. . ,    -  .[276 - ꅻ, .16, https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-89D9-C7K1?i=128&cc=2185163]

    , ,    ,         5000 !        ,    , .[277 - Ibid, .12.]         ,    .

,  ,      ,     5000         .        ,        . ,  K. .           ,      .

     14   .   ,    14       $50?  , , :






01.37.   1907., .14,     .[278 - Ibid, .12.   (   7500)     .    ,              5.]



     7500  !      ,    200000 .[279 -       Currency Converter,(http://fxtop.com/ru/inflation-calculator.php?A=7500&C1=USD&INDICE=USCPI31011913&DD1=01&MM1=02&YYYY1=1913&DD2=04&MM2=12&YYYY2=2017&btnOK=+)]

   ,       (         )           .

         !             .   7500     ()     , ,             .

  . . ,     :



    75 .

1)     ". ",    11   18.         7500.00,   7500.        .      ,   .

2),           .   ,          ,    . , ,    ,   :

a) ,     210  1800  (      500).  :  ,   <210  >1800.

b)    .

  ,         ( ,  ,  ).

   ,       ,      -,  .       .         ,      . ..       ,         .

 ,    ,  ,     ,   .

3)          ,  ,  ,   .  ,     [280 - ꅻ, .19, https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-89D9-C7K1?i=128&cc=2185163],   ,   ,    .      ,     .  ,    ,    ,            -.

    ,   ,    75.00,   7500.[281 - .. , e-mail  28.01.14: 21.44.]


,   1907       .  ,  ,    ,     1910   ,[282 -     ,    .     1960- ,          ,          .]     .

         ,  . . ,      :



 ,      ,     . -   .     ,     ,    .     ,   .         ,       .[283 - . . , e-mail  28.01.14: 21.44.]







01.38.     .   , 1905 .[284 -  : Finn J.D. John, Oregon lost world's biggest log cabin in spectacular 1964 fire, Offbeat Oregon History project, June 17, 2012, http://offbeatoregon.com/1206c-forestry-building-biggest-log-cabin-burned.html (. 13.02.20).]



  1910 ,         ,  ,    .

,          ( 191011        [285 - ,  -     , http://www.ejwiki.org/wiki/_()])   .    -       ,              .     ,              .

        , .   ,      .  ,     ,   ,     .

        ,   1910    .        .    




 2. .  



       .           ,     .        ,        ,      ,      !      .[286 -  ,     ,  , 4 2008.4676, 9 .]

    ,     -,         .     ,     19     ,      ,      .            .




   


              . , . ,   ,    ,    -    . :



      .    ,       .      .  -        .

         .,      ,    .

             .     .   .[287 -  ,  "", .  , 19  2002., 71(23616), 2 .]


  (    )           .      ,        1955 . ,  ,    .

       . ,      24  1913   ,       ( )   ,        29  1910      .         II.[288 - Declaration of Intention 844, dated January 24, 1913, 1, . 113.]

   ,     ,    .

 ,             ?       ,    ,         .

      .         ƻ.  ,     -           .     - , -           .            19051907 ,      ,          .

    ,  1911        ,  1912  1913      .  ,         .

         .   ,           -  .   ,        (laborer,      [289 - Ibid.]),              71,[290 -  ,     XX ,  , - -, 25  2010 14:40, https://svpressa.ru/society/article/29468/]   36,5    ,            150 .[291 - Ibid.]

    ,             (U. B. of C. & J. of A.[292 - United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiner of America.])             .           (      ),  1916 ,     :






02.01.   .   U. B. of C. & J. of A.[293 - .  14  1916.]



     :              1910  1911    ,          ( 200          !),          120910


Street?[294 -     .]

   19101919 ,       .

           ,     1910           .

        .   1913      :     ,  10  1910   ,      29  1910.[295 - 1, . 113114.]

       .   ,            .






02.02.   XX     [296 -  :  eBay,Norway Heritage project, http://www.norwayheritage.com/p_ship.asp?sh=hann2]



    ,      1893  1963          Abram Koval,[297 - AllTexas, Passenger Lists, 18931963 results forAbram Koval, https://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=gpl&gss=sfs28_ms_db&new=1&rank=1&msT=1&gsfn=Abram&gsfn_x=0&gsln=Koval&gsln_x=1&MSAV=1&uidh=000]     ,    7      28  1910 [298 -  : https://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=gpl&gss=sfs28_ms_r_db&new=1&rank=1&gsfn=Abram&gsfn_x=0&gsln=Kowal&gsln_x=1&MSAV=1&uidh=y31]   Abram Kowal.[299 - ,      Googl, Abram Koval    ?,  Abram Kowal    ?.   ,         ?.]    󻠖         , .

      ,       .       ,    1907           1   14     ,  ,   26  40 .

       ,   1910    6 ,       18  36            . 2    ,  28     ,      .[300 - AllTexas, Passenger Lists, 18931963,https://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=gpl&gss=sfs28_ms_db&new=1&rank=1&msT=1&gsfn=Jos&gsfn_x=0&gsln=Ranch&gsln_x=0&MSAV=1&uidh=y31]

        -,  .      .    , ,    ,   -     .     ,               1907  1910 ,          ,               19051907 .

 ,                 ,        .       ,          19051907.   .



       190507      (   -, -   )        .   1906      16  .[301 - ,  , https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/_]


   ,    1906         .

   ,          ,        . (,     ,   ,       , ).

,        ,      ,       ,       .  ,    ,     ,   ,       - :     ,     .  -  ,    

 ,                          -.           :



  1907           3-      ,    ,  , ,  텻[302 - .. ,  , .  , , - -, ., 2002., . 291, 293, .   Google , https://books.google.ru/books?id=L00P6M1BzmoC&pg=PA293&lpg=PA293&dq=+++++1906+&source=bl&ots=mvTcp65HTt&sig=I5giesBfnRgXWBEv8aScMn6K5aQ&hl=ru&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjd8IuIqdPXAhXCalAKHRIYBS8Q6AEIOTAE#v=onepage&q=%20%20%20%20%201906%20&f=false.]


,    1910 ,   ,   1907 .        ,        1903     .



  1903.      -      .         <   . .>[303 - ,   .] 1905.       ,      .[304 -    ,  -     , http://www.ejwiki.org/wiki/___.]


     ,             , ,   ,      -.

    ,        1911 .

   - 15  1911    .[305 - Ettel Schnitzky in theNew York, Passenger Lists, 18201957,https://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?_phsrc=RQf2&_phstart=successSource&usePUBJs=true&indiv=1&db=nypl&gss=angs-d&new=1&rank=1&gsfn=Ettel&gsfn_x=NP&gsln=Schnitzky&gsln_x=NP&MSAV=1&uidh=y31&pcat=40&fh=0&h=4008525001&recoff=8%209&ml_rpos=1]






02.03.   XX     [306 -  : https://www.ancestry.com/interactive/8944/IMUSA1858_002-0189/4008525001?backUrl=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv=1&dbid=7488&h=4008525001&tid=&pid=&usePUB=true&_phsrc=Zap56&_phstart=successSource&ssrc=&rdb=nypl&st=r#?imageId=IMUSA1858_003-0060]



,   . ,         ,  ,      ,     ,  ,         .

   ,      ,    :






02.04.    ()  [307 -  : . ,    . . .     , ,  .]



,    ,         , ,   ,  1905           .

     .         ,     .  ,        -   ,       .[308 - ,     ,              .      . . ,  ,              ,  -    (=   )     1900-  ,     .  ,   ,     .(. . , e-mail  27.03.19:21.39)]

   -        :  24 ,   ,      ,  , ,[309 -        Servant,     ,   .]  (   ),    ,   -.[310 - forEttel Schnitzky, https://www.ancestry.com/interactive/7488/NYT715_1678-0518?pid=4008525001&backurl=https://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?_phsrc%3DRQf2%26_phstart%3DsuccessSource%26usePUBJs%3Dtrue%26indiv%3D1%26db%3Dnypl%26gss%3Dangs-d%26new%3D1%26rank%3D1%26gsfn%3DEttel%26gsfn_x%3DNP%26gsln%3DSchnitzky%26gsln_x%3DNP%26MSAV%3D1%26uidh%3Dy31%26pcat%3D40%26fh%3D0%26h%3D4008525001%26recoff%3D8%25209%26ml_rpos%3D1&treeid=&personid=&hintid=&usePUB=true&_phsrc=RQf2&_phstart=successSource&usePUBJs=true]

,        ,       ,               (    ?):






02.05.       [311 - Ibid.]



     .

   ,          -. ,      ,   ,             ,      .

      ,    .   ,      ,            ƻ   ,         (    ),   (   ) .

          1911     , , .      , ,        .

,         1910    .

       ,     19051907    ,      1904   ,  ,      ,          ,     ,   .           .[312 - , ,    ,       ,     .     ,  ,   ,    .     - 26  1910 ,        -  14  1914 .(Iowa, County Marriages, 18381934", index, FamilySearch, https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/QJDS-Z96P, Abraham Koval and Ethel Shenitsky, 1911.). ,     -       .]

, ,     -, ,   ,  ,    -,              .

, ,     - ,           .         1911 :






02.06.      1911 .[313 -  : i   ꎻ,  , 2, 8(21)  1911 , .12,      , https://rusneb.ru/catalog/000200_000018_RU_NLR_DIGIT_520855/viewer/?page=14 (. 27.03.19).   . . , e-mail  27.03.19:21.33.     . . , e-mail  31.03.19:11.37.]



         .

 1913            ,     .     ,       ,    .        .    20  1919 ,         .

                1103 D-844.   ,  ABRAM BERKS Kowal    , , 28 (  29      )  1910    ,    7 (  10)  1910 .[314 - 1, . 114.]

            !     ,  1919         -  ,  1500    !            Koval    -    ,     ,  ,  Koval  -,  Kowal            .

,                        .

  ,   8  1919                ,       (1912),  (1913)      (1919).

             (Abram Berko Koval)    8  1919 ,  18      ,     Abraham Koval,[315 - Ibid.]  ,              1907 .

,      Abraham Koval,    󻠖          1907 .  ,  1919 ,    .






02.07.      (  1918),      .[316 -  :  Etsy, https://www.etsy.com/listing/184979795/woodbury-county-court-house-sioux-city?show_sold_out_detail=1 (. 29.12.19).  1930- .]




 


    -  -         .    11  1911 .[317 - "Iowa, County Marriages, 18381934", index, FamilySearch, https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/QJDS-Z96P, Abraham Koval and Ethel Shenitsky, 1911.]          8         -, 22  1912     ,   .






02.08.    Louis Kaval[318 -  : , .]



 ,    ,             ,   7       ,    .   Isaiah Koval ( ),  22  1912 .

              ,     .

         .         .

  , 1913 ,  , 25 ,        George (),   .      ,        .

  ,    ,          .               ,    .

       ,  , ,         ,    .

        :






02.09.     G.Koval[319 -  : , .]



          (  ,   )           IOWA.          ,     .

,   1932 ,     ,                 25  1932 .  ,     ,        ,       .

       1948  (     )           ?

    ,                       .

 ,      ,        ,      16  .          233 . 4531    1935         .[320 -   , .]  ,     ,      -   .

,       ,      .  ,       ,        .

 .   ,    ,    .         .              -         .

  ,      .        .              ,             !

      ,         ,       ,      .

,  1919         , Gabriel ():






02.10.     Gabriel Koval[321 -  : , .]



       .        ,    26  1932  (         ),              1919 .

..       ?.    (           )      25     ,    .




 


 ,  1919 ,      ,      -,   -.     1013,      619    ,   ,    , 200300 ,    .

 ,    .   Google     .

              (Council Oak)[322 -      100 years ago: Council Oak myth is busted, Sioux City Journal, Jul 21, 2013, http://siouxcityjournal.com/news/local/columnists/peterson/years-ago-council-oak-myth-is-busted/article_02864933-2c58-5d4a-a5bc-1e6f008a2051.html (. 14.02.20)]     4,5          ,   ,           ,    ,        -.






02.11.  Council Oak.[323 -  : Ibid.]



 ,            ,        ,     ,     ,     ,      , ,   ,            1970- .[324 -      Missouri Department of Conservation  Bur oak (Burr oak), https://nature.mdc.mo.gov/discover-nature/field-guide/bur-oak-burr-oak.]

      .    ,     ,      ,  -      :






02.12.   . . , -, 19151916.[325 -  : .  ,  04.11.13.    (..),     .]



        ,     90-.     . . ,        .   ,      ,       ?.

 ,    35,   ,              ,      :






02.13.  . . , . . ,  . XVIII , 1951.[326 -  : , .]



      :          !. ,     , ,         ?

       -.   ,     ,        ,       :






02.14.    . -, 20- .[327 -  : , .]



         . .   .



         ,    , ,  .    .[328 - .. ,    (19132006).  , -  . . . , 2013, . 30.]


     .         ,        ,        . . .       ?

   ,                      .        !     ,    ,   , ,     ,       ?.

              .           :






02.15. -    .    01.07.31., -[329 -  : , .]



  (  , CHS)     1929     (Honorable Mention),[330 - , Commencement Exercises,    , 13  1929.]    .

         ,         :






02.16.        - 1929.[331 -  : ,  . . .  Maroon and White       .    ,    1929 ,          .  ,    ,         .]



     ,     .






02.17.   ( )     . -, 1929.[332 -  : .]



      ,       :






02.18.    , -, 1929.[333 - Ibid.]



         ,    .         1929 ,     : A mighty man is he (   ).






02.19.   ,    ,    -, 1929 .[334 -  : ]



           :



       "A mighty man is he"   , ..         .  ,     ,    -     "A mighty man is he". (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FdEg58Ztx2o (. 12.03.20)).    1928 ,   British Pathe,        ()   .        (Mr.Price, Britain's Champion Horse Shoer).      ,    ,       .     ,     British Pathe       .     ,            ,         .      - (       ),       , ,     ,   . ,      ,      ,   "   "             .        ! ,  ,  -    , ,   ,     ( mighty man   ,      8 ). , ,   .   .[335 - . . , e-mail  22.02.18:22.05]


               .

  ,    .[336 -   ,      .           ,    .    CHS  24  1930 . (   ).]                1930 .

  -  -     40 ,   23 . ,        .       ,    8  60    (  25,5 ).       4000, 6000, 8500  .    4000     .[337 - https://www.ancestry.com/interactive/6224/4584445_01016/32221789?backurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ancestry.com%2Ffamily-tree%2Fperson%2Ftree%2F25476478%2Fperson%2F1679713523%2Ffacts&bm=true#?imageid=4584445_01020&imageId=4584445_01016]

,   4000  ( 60000       )   ,  ,           ,        .

 19  1929             .[338 - .           .]           ?             .

     9  1955   .  (Marvin J.Klass),    CHS, ,       ,              .

,   19291930. ,  ,     ,        5  4 .           .

  



               .[339 -  (2), . 122]


,  ,    . . ,   24  1929          .  ,          (, ,    )       .

             . , ,  !         1938       :



     (,      . ).[340 -  ,     , .1,  10, . . 116.]


                ,   1931     

  ,               ,                 .

    , , ,         ,    .

  ,  ,   .     1929-       .[341 - ,       , . 1938.]       .         -     .        :






02.20.   [342 -  : 30  ,     ,  , https://sadicveti.info/fotografiya/30-istoricheskih-fotografii-ot-kotoryh-murashki-po-kozhe (. 14.02.20).]



  :    .     .    3- .   .       .      .

         ,  ,    ,    .    , , .    , , .       1904  1907.    , , .    ,   

  ,  ,      ,    ,    .     !




, ?..


  ,    ,    ,      ?

     (19291930)         ,      .                ,       -    .         The Sioux City Journal     1930      .[343 - The Sioux City Journal     1930 , https://www.newspapers.com/profile/solovey27/#.]

    -    :     ,  ,   ,         ,       .

      ,   -  ,        619 Virginia Street. ,      1934  1937      ,    ,     .[344 - 1, . 118120.]

       ,            ,  ,  

      , ,   .      , ,    ,         .

   ,      ,  ,         -,                 ,  .






02.21.       -.[345 -  : .]



    .   ,            -   :



-   (Max Dervin) 10  1955  ,            ,    ,     .[346 - 2, . 122]


 ,      ,    :



             -,             .[347 - 2, . 121. 7 1955.    (Morris Lefko).]


     ?






02.22. ,      -     .[348 - .]



        -.          1993 :



       ,   , ,   ,   .           ,     ,   ,     .[349 -  ,   1993   ,         . https://onedrive.live.com/?authkey=%21AAfdZKgJC41iEJY&cid=AC768176A0D8C415&id=AC768176A0D8C415%21728&parId=AC768176A0D8C415%21131&o=OneUp     . , e-mail  12.03.18:17.03.]


       ,      .

        :






02.23.   -.[350 -   ,     , , 1932 .]





     -,        ,    .             .  - ,          ,       ?.

,       ,            .

     ?     ,       ?          . .        CHS,  :



             ,    ,  ,        .[351 -  2, . 121. 7 1955.    (Morris Lefko),  Western Paper and Supply Company -,    CHS: Koval was very emphatic in his statements as to Russia, the advantages over Unites States as far as the poor person was concerned, and felt that the subject was thoroughly imbued with a love for Russia.]


,                 ,     ,   .

 ,          -      .         ,         ,  ,   ,     ,  :



   ,            ,  -   ,    ,       , ,      .[352 -   : DavidMaraniss, A Good American Family: The Red Scare and My Father, Simon & Schuster, 2019,    ,      Β   . , .    Β,     .     軻,  Republica, https://republic.ru/posts/95042?utm_source=republic.ru&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=morning (. 25.10.19).]


             . ,   , ,                      ,   [353 - ,          1938 ?     1941    ? ,     ,  ,       .     ,       ⻠               .] ( , , ), :



 . . . 193032      .   ,       :







02.24.       . . , 1938.[354 -  ,     ., .1,  10, . . 116,       11/X-38.]



            , ,       .          .




 


   ,     ,     , ,   ,     .      .

  , , ,      ,  .      ,    .  , ,    ,[355 -           . ,          .       ,             ,      .           ,   ,    -, :        ,         ,   ,        .     ⻻ ( , , https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/_).]        .  ,  ,      .

       ,        .            .

  1920       ( ,   !)  .[356 - The International Jew, Nov. 1920, 1st Edition by Henry Ford.     .  https://www.libfox.ru/548417-genri-ford-mezhdunarodnoe-evreystvo.html.]   , ,   .   ,                  .

        ,      ,        ,    ,      ?

  ,   90    ,          .  ,  ,          .[357 -  , , https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/_]

               ,            .

,     ,     ,         ,    , ,       ,  ,        -:






02.25.     -[358 - : ]



     .       ,   ,      ,              .

    , ,        ,         :



    ,     ,     - ,    ,      ,    ,   ,    ,  ,    ,  [    :  , XX   , --,      .     - ?].

        ,      :    ,    ,    ,             .    ,        ,  :             . [   .               ?]

       ,     ,      .   ,     . [ -  -   ?]

    ,               ,      .       ,     ,        . [,     ?][359 -             .   , . . ,   . . . ,    ,  ,   :  !   ,      ,        !      ! (    , . .   . . .  08.10.13,  ).]

 ,      ,       ,      [..    ,    ?!].

   ,    ,     .      ,     . [..  ,      ?]

               ,     110     ,   3 , ,  30-      ,                 . [   ?]

                   ,      ,          ,   ,  ,       .    :               ,                . [      ,       ?]

        ;   ,    ,   . [ .  !]

  ,         ,   ,       . ,  ,               ,    . [         ?]

    ,  ,              .       ,     :              . [          ?]

    "  "      ,          ,           . [..       ?]

 ,    ,   ,            ,        .          . [      1932 ,            ?]

   ,  ,  ,      ,         .   ,   ,   , ,   ,        ,        ,       ,     ,       ,   ,      ,   . [ !      ].

      ,  90     . [       !].

 ,    ,           ,   ,   ,       ,                  ,         ,           . ,                !. [,    ,              ?].


      208  ,     ,       .[360 - ,      , ,        .       Ford      .       .         .         .       , ,         .  ,       ,           ,      ( ,  :  ,     ,   novate, https://novate.ru/blogs/260719/51147 (.05.08.19)).]       20-     .      ,       , ,     (    !),             !    ,        !

 , ..   ,     ,           , ,       - ,    ໠      19- . , ,        .     ,    10-     

, ,        ,    .    ,          ,  ,    ,    .

       ,        ,     , :



    ,           ,   ,      .[361 -  (2), . 121. 7 1955.    (Morris Lefko).]


  !      ,               .     ,   .

,  ,     ,       ,        .           ,   .

   ,                 .         . 

  . . ,  ,      ,          .       -    . ,  . . ,



     , ,    ,    ,     .     ,       .   :      ?.    :

   -      ,      .          : , ,     !.     ,            ?.[362 -     , . .   . . .  08.10.13,  .]


           . . ,   :



      . .      ,    ,           ,       .[363 - . . , e-mail  02.03.2018:18.45.]


 , ,    .    ,     ,  ,      ( , ):






02.26.      [364 -  ,     ,  ,  2004, 7(147), http://www.lechaim.ru/ARHIV/147/glanwil.htm]





  ,          .    ,        :     ,      ,     ,          ,       .[365 - Ibid.]


 ,         ,                .

 ,      ,      .         .      .




  


     .    .          ,       .      . , ,    ,      :



     -?  ,   ,        1932 ,        -. ,                 ,        -.   ,   ?

    .      -.      .            . , ,       .       , , ,     , ,  ,      ,     .

         ,          .     .    .         .     ,          .       -.    , ,     ,          ,       .    ,  : " ,             ?   ,      ,        ,   ".

      ,         ,    ,      .[366 - Rovner A., Pen Portraits of American Jews in Biro-Bidjan. The Koval family from Sioux City, Nailebn-New Life, april, 1937, v.XI, 4(89), p. 14. <   . .>]


,      ,  ,        , ,   ,     ,     ,          ,       ,       .

              ,      .    ,     ,         ?

,  1932        .  ,    ,        -    .  , ,  .

     ,       ,         ,  ,              -.

       .       ,    ,        :



     .         ,       ,    , -    ,       , ,    <?> .  .      ,            .       , ,   .         ,   .      .      ,            .         ,             .        .[367 - , . 9498, .1, . 391 , . ,  ,       л     , .2, . 7880,  ,   New York, 7.5.32, .]


       .  ,            ,     15   .





    , ,  ,           ,   ?     130 + 50 = 180 ..[368 - Ibid., .83.]


  ,         100 .        100 ,    .

     ( 1932   17. !),               !   1932       , ,  ,              !

     .         ,    900      !       .  ,      -,   ,   .

,  ,                .

           13  1932 ,[369 - 1 . 127]      (!), 14 ,    499861       ,      Abram Berko Koval,      , ,    .[370 - 2 . 39]

   .    5 ,       ![371 -           . .  ,       .         . ,      ( ),  , ,     .      (. , e-mail  26.07.18:07.06).]       ,    (      ),   :






02.27.      ,  1932.[372 - , .]



             ,     !

         .      ,   .

         1 .[373 - 2 . 40]  ,            !

 , ,         ,  ,  -, - ,          , , ,                    .        -      !

    -         ,   . ,      ,      .

,                  .  ,  , ,        ,    ,  ,  .

     ,       [374 - . . ,    , ,  养, 1828.]?






02.28.     , -.[375 -  : ] 02.29. ,    , -.[376 -  : ]



  ,       ,   ,      .

      ( 1932 ) -  (, )        .      :



       .   1931.   35%.        .   10000   ,   4000. ,      . :  14-  ,    .     ,           :  ,     ,    ..    .[377 -   , . ,  1932, 13, .17.]


,        -    . ,    4  1927          - 軅        ,         ,   ,[378 - , - , https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/-_]        :



               ,     ,   ,   酻.[379 -   , . ,  1932, 13, .17.]


      .           ,             - ,    .        

      1932. -   .         12  1932 .

          ,           .

           .        ( -)     ,       (-, -)       ,    - ,    ?!    ,          .

    , ,     ,            ,      !       ,       1932 ,   ,     .

      ?     .




 


   . ,     .  ,        .[380 - he came to the Icor office before boarding the boat which was to carry him across the Atlantic. (A.Rovner, Pen Portraits of American Jews in Biro-Bidjan. The Koval family from Sioux City, Nailebn-New Life, april, 1937, v.XI, 4 (89), p. 14).]         ?       ,          (     -  ),        -. (       16  1933 ).

   .    - ,      .   , ,  ,  .               ,   ,     .

              .

      , ,   ,   ,   .

                1940 .                6  1940 :



     . .   .   ,    .    ,  ,         .  .           .                   ..   ,    ,     .   ,   ,       .   .  ,    .        .      .  ,         .    .[381 - ,  . .   . .     06.07.40.   .]


       ,    .        ,       ,  (  ?)  ,              .    .

  ,   1940       ,          .

, ,           ,  . [382 - . , e-mail  12.10.19:17.41]    :



             -  -    ,       ,   .    ,      ,      ,   ;       ,     ,       .   -    14 ,     12000 .    ,   ,     16   ,        ,  ,    .[383 -    . , ,   ,     軻,        , . -353, .-1, .128, . 22.    ,    ,     1932 .]


       ,       ,   -.[384 -    . ,       ,      1931     -  1932    ,   ,      ,           . ( . , e-mail  13.10.19:10.42). ,      (  ,     )       .]

         ,  :



 ,               ,  ,          .[385 -  . ., e-mail  12.12.13:13.47]


 , ,   .   , ,     ,  ,      ,  (       !)      .[386 - 2 . 39]       .

,   ,               ,           . ,        ,        !         500      ?

              ,    ?   .   ,              ,         ,    ,      .

  , ,   ,                 ,           .  ,       ,   ,    .

,   ,       , -    .

 , ,  .   - 22  1932     (Majestic)    ,[387 - IKOR, ,  1932.        (The Workmens Circle, Director for Yiddish Programming, NY), e-mail  07.02.18:00.22.]       .          -  12  1930 .            -.

       ,    , ,           ,   -  ,   . ,   10   [388 - IKOR, ,  1932.     . , e-mail  02.02.2018:09.13,    ͻ],      ,     ,        .

 ,       ,       л,    .        :






02.30.    .[389 - IKOR, ,  1932.       , e-mail  07.02.18:01.55.      ͻ, e-mail  14.02.18:18.40.]





  :       Majestic.                 ( ).        ,    ,     .

,   (           )   .        ,       .  ,     .

,      ,      .          !       207    .          ,        . , ,           1925 ,           :

		 .
		 
		
		 ,
		 .
		  
		 
		
		 
		 .[390 - . . ,  , , . 7,., , 1958., . 37.]




02.31.     .[391 -  : MAJESTICGALLERY,  Mark Chirnsides Reception Room, http://www.markchirnside.com/majesticgallery16.htm (. 14.02.20).]



   (     !)   ----  ,      ,   .

         ,  .       (),  ,    ,  1932      .      6 .          ,    .[392 -     , 1993. https://onedrive.live.com/?authkey=%21ABxuWy-a4214XU0&cid=AC768176A0D8C415&id=AC768176A0D8C415%21735&parId=AC768176A0D8C415%21131&o=OneUp.     . , e-mail  14.03.18:21.41]

         ,        :     .  ,    ,      ,    .[393 -  ,  1932., .10,     . , e-mail  02.02.18:09.13,    ͻ, e-mail  14.03.18:18.40]

 ,        .   ,        , , -,    ,         ,             . ,      :        .           :[394 - . . ,  , , . 7,., , 1958., . 37  38.]

!

  !

  

 

  

  

,

 

 .

   ,                . ,             ,                  .          :



   -                  ,     ,    .     200300    ,      , -  ,   -   ,      .     .        , ,     ,             .       100  200,          .        ,    41/2       60    ,        .[395 -    . , ,   ,             ,        , . -353, .-1, .128, . 2224.]


  -      .

  ,                       .

  , , ,     ,  -               .

        ,    ,      ,    .       ,       ,   .

   ,        ,            ,            . (       л ).

,  ,          컠             ,     ,      л,     .

    !             . ,             , 



   .     ,    250 ...,[396 - , ,    , 27 (153), 7  1932., , . 18.]


  ,        .

   ( , ,    )   ,   ,         ,   -,     .    ,  ,     ,



      -  .   65- (  )  ,      .[397 - . , e-mail  03.03.18:09.05.]


             ,      ,   " " ?

 ,         ,   .  -          -!

       . ,           ,   :



             1112 .[398 - . ,      !, , 21,  1932., . 7]


 ,   1932 ,   ,    1931              ,   .

         1931 :



   -  ()    11     .     65          .     (20      )  200   ,         .    -  , ..  ,      22 ,     141 ., ..   ,           9   .  ,   ..   [399 - ,    ,     ໻ (e-mail .   12.10.19:12.38).],  ,   ,  ,    ,  ,    . .    ,   .[400 -    . ,    ,     軻,        , . -353, .-1, .128, . 2224.]


                 ,           .   , ,       .

      ,       .

       ,                   ,   .

         ,          . ,    . , ,  ,            .




 


, ,      .  ( !)    ,        ?    -- ,          .

,              -            ,  .

         ,        ,   .      ,       -  19191921.   .

             -    ( 25  1932. ),            .

 ,  ,      . ,      ,      . . :



       .  1939     ,  ,  . !        [401 - . . ,        ,  You Tube, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9t7104rLzmk (. 24.02.19).]


     ,  



  1931      .      .        , ,         ,       .[402 - ,       ,    .    -    -               (-        ,  - , 01.10.12, http://www.belvpo.com/ru/16762.html).           , , ,         ,  - .]


        л                      ,      -    ?

         -,     .            :



  1932.    .    -     . -.[403 -  , . 17517. 1,  , .23, .   Wilson Center. Digital Archive International History Declassified, . , Yellow Notebook #4, . 33, https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/112859 (. 10.04.19).]


            ,             ,    ?

                ,    .

  ,    ,         ,   ,     ,     ,                     ,       .

     , . ,     .        ,   ,   .      ,            ,      .






02.32.    . 30- .[404 -  :  ,09.04.13,  ,http://photochronograph.ru/2013/04/09/moskovskie-pejzazhi-30-e-gody/ (. 14.02.20).]



,        .[405 -  ,     10  1932 .            ,         .]       .     ,    ,  -             ,      -    .

      ,      ,  ,      .  ,   :        .[406 -  ,    -  ,    .               .            .     ,            .         ,    ,           ,        .       , ,   .   to bear one's cross ]

      л  .     ,         .      ,    .     :      ,     .             .

          .

   ,        . (         ).       .

,   ,   ,  ,   (    )      , ,       :



              .[407 -          1657-332  19  1936 .]


 ,             1932 ,   1936             .

, ,       1936 ,    ,      :






02.33.      19  1936       .[408 - CAHJP (The Central Archives for the History of the Jewish People Jerusalem), .75, . 1, . 71, .6,    .  (e-mail  02.03.18:21.27)]



           ,     . ,  ,      - ,      .

, ,                 ( ,     !)  ,        .

,        黠          ,       ,        , ..  ,  ,    - ,     .         .

    ,   1932  (   ,     [409 -    1938        (  ) ( ,     , .1,  10, . . 116).],       .   1112    ,       2223 )       .




 


        .

   ,          , , . :



   ,         .[410 -  .,   :       , -  , ., 2009., .21.]


,  ,   ,  ,        (   ).

      ,       1932 .     !              л[411 -  .   (19231939, 19571992) (),   , http://fleetphoto.ru/]  .     .         (, 10562)     .

     ?     .         ,                 ?

    ,  ,      ,  ,        .

              .   .  (..)       (..),[412 -  .        𻠖 Ruth  Rutt Makler.]  ,            .

   (,    )  - ()      .   ,     ,    Saka Shosan Kaisha      .    -   90-   :



..    ,   ,   ,   ,

. . !      .

. .  ,    !

. .   

. .  ,   ,   , . ,   ,   ,  ,   , ,  .  . ,   ,  ,           -   .

. .    1931 ?

. . ,  1931,   .

. . ,      .

. . ,    ,  , ,   ,   .[413 -     .      .  (e-mail  02.02.18:22.32),        .  (e-mail  13.10.19:23.29).]


      1931 ,          -,     ! (, ,   , ,         ,           United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiner of America   ).

 ,  ,      ? ,           , ,  ,    ,         ,           ,            .

         , ,      ,    .[414 -           14  ..()   7  <,    5 ,        . .>    1          -,    1      .  (   . ,    ,     軻,        , . -353, .-1, .128, . 2224).]

     .          1932.  -  .       ,       :



 1932       <,      .   . .>        ,          ,     .    13     ,      ,                .         . .                 ,  ,   ,    ,  -껻.[415 -  , :   , . ϻ, , 1999., . 2425.]


    ,             , ,   ,     

  .        ,   ,    -        ( )           1932 .  , .         1939 .

   , , -     ,      .  .           :



         л     ,   .           ,       1932 .[416 -  .,   :       , -  , ., 2009., .251.]


   ,  .      л,    .

  ,             .   1925   1935      ,    1935  /1950       (Nailebn-New Life),       .[417 -       .  (E-mail  02.03.18:09.55).]

       ,           ,    л:






02.34.    ,  1932[418 - ICOR, v.V, 5(37), july 1932.  :   . , e-mail  03.02.18:19.26.      .   -.         ,       .   . . , 20002001.         ,  ,          ,          1 .22.]



    :



   - (),       ,   .[419 -      ͻ, e-mail  14.02.18:18.40.]


 ,     .       ,     .       .

,     ,     л    ,       ,         ?.

,    , .             ,           .

 ,     軠     ,   1932                .[420 - ., ,  ,      , , 26, http://mishpoha.org/n26/26a21.php,  . .,    ,   -   . .     19132006,            Jewmil.com, http://www.jewmil.com/biografii/item/113-koval-zhorzh-abramovich,  ..]




     


, ,     .[421 - ,  ,   ,        ,    -       ,   -   .   . .]

          :



       ,       .[422 - ,        ,         , 17.12.16, 14:56, http://for-ua.info/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=55249]


    .              .  ,           ,   (      ),     ,          1914  1934 [423 - SSLeviathan, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Leviathan]




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/uriy-lebedev-21570022/vetvleniya-sudby-zhorzha-kovalya-t-1/)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


 .,    , . 1,2,    , 2019 .




2


   , , ,   ,      ,    - ,   Associated Press   ,  Ohioana Book Award         .




3


Ann Hagedorn, Sleeper agent. The atomic spy in America who got away, Simon & Schuster, New York, London, Toronto, Sydney, New Delhi, 2021.




4


., ,  ,    -.         ,  Lenta.ru, 00:01, 7  2021, https://lenta.ru/articles/2021/08/07/razvedka (https://lenta.ru/articles/2021/08/07/razvedka) (. 11.08.21).




5


 .    75-      3  2020 .




6


.., e-mail  Ann Hagedorn  18.07.21:01.19. Ann Hagedorn      e-mail  04.08.21:03.28




7


.,    , 1983, .  https://kulturologia.ru/blogs/260916/31523/




8


. , , 19081909., .   , ., 1912, .  https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/_()




9


, ,  , https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/, __.                     ?.    ,      ,      ,            .




10


. . ,       ,              , 2  2007 , -,   , http://www.kremlin.ru/events/president/transcripts/24644




11


 :    ,  -  , e-mail  21.12.17:16.34.     :     (   https://www.ntv.ru/video/119939. (. 21.02.19)).




12


          . ,     ,                      . ,  ,     ,   ,    ,  ,      ,   .




13


          ,     :            . (. . ,   -   06.06.19, .           . , 06.06.19:15.24, https://www.gazeta.ru/army/news/2019/06/06/13061953.shtml?updated (. 06.06.19).




14


   :    ?, 4026  06  2019,   https://wciom.ru/index.php?id=236&uid=9837 (. 06.08.19).




15


 ,  :    ,  . , 06.08.19:11.06, https://www.gazeta.ru/science/2019/08/05_a_12559351.shtml (. 06.08.19).




16


. ,      15.10.16, "̸ ".   ?, https://snob.ru/profile/27356/print/115055.




17


 :             ,   , 05.12.19:16.34, https://tvzvezda.ru/news/vstrane_i_mire/content/20191251547-Ayz3y.html?utm_source=yxnews&utm_medium=desktop&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fyandex.ru%2Fnews (. 06.12.19).    ,       .




18


 . .,   , e-mail  28.07.17: 13.43.




19


        -22ϻ, 18.07.18,  AviaPro,http://avia.pro/news/ssha-prigrozili-rossii-yadernym-udarom-za-ispolzovanie-samolyota-il-22pp (. 19.03.19)),




20


 :        , 14  2019,    , http://nsn.fm/army-and-weapons/multimegatonnoe-oruzhie-kak-zastavit-ssha-perestat-khryukat-v-stronu-rossii.html (. 19.03.19).




21


          2020              ( I), -, 2  2019 ,     , 03.05.19:16.20,

http://www.mid.ru/ru/foreign_policy/news/-/asset_publisher/cKNonkJE02Bw/content/id/3631627 (. 03.05.19).




22


 ,  :      ,    , https://www.kp.ru/putevoditel/interesnye-fakty/sistema-perimetr-ili-mertvaya-ruka/?from=smi2




23


      ,  . .  . ,  YouTube, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4js1PKLfOeg (. 14.04.20).




24


 ໠           .      . .        ,           .      . .    . .   . .  (,  , http://wiki-org.ru/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0 (. 09.09.19)).               ,                 .




25


Coupe J., Bardeen C. G., Robock A., & Toon O. B., Nuclear winter responses to nuclear war between the United States and Russia in the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model Version 4 and the Goddard Institute for Space Studies ModelE, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 124, 85228543, published online 8 AUG 2019, http://climate.envsci.rutgers.edu/pdf/CoupeNWjgr.pdf (. 02.09.19).




26


          , . , 40  21.10.2019, .   ,

https://versia.ru/tramp-vnov-vyrazil-zhelanie-zaklyuchit-s-rf-i-kitaem-yadernuyu-sdelku (. 22.10.19).




27


             ,   , 05.11.19:13.17, https://tass.ru/mezhdunarodnaya-panorama/7079646 (. 05.11.19).




28


, , :       ,  . .         , 27  2018.,  Youube,  7  2018., https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HpS3QEM-vrw, 0. 10. 0. 15. (. 10.09.19).




29


Ibid, 24. 12. 24. 24.




30


  , -  4094, 05.11.19,  , https://wciom.ru/index.php?id=236&uid=9984 (. 05.11.19).




31


,   ,                    . . ,  ,   :    .      -, . , 28.01.20:13.34, https://www.gazeta.ru/army/2020/01/28/12932288.shtml (.06.02.20),            :  ,  , https://kulturologia.ru/blogs/210120/45242 (. 06.02.20),           ,  , https://kulturologia.ru/blogs/190120/45227 (. 06.02.20).




32


The Atomic Heritage Foundation (AHF), https://www.atomicheritage.org (.22.10.19).




33


Atomic Archive, http://www.atomicarchive.com (.28.12.19).




34


The Nuclear Weapon Archive, http://www.nuclearweaponarchive.org (.28.12.19).




35


 , http://www.biblioatom.ru (.22.10.19).




36


, , :       ,  . .         , 27  2018.,  YouTube,  7  2018., https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HpS3QEM-vrw, 19. 54. 19. 57.




37


        . . , e-mail  14.12.19:13.21.




38


Ibid.




39


.. , , .1, .,  , 1996., . 142




40


 . .,         ܻ,   . . , .  , .   , https://public.wikireading.ru/100065 (. 14.11.19).




41


. . ,   , - , 2006, . 61, . 373




42


        .  ,      1940  1996         8800000000  (10     ,    ,    ,  Novate.ru, https://novate.ru/blogs/201017/43378/ (. 04.02.19)).       ,             ,  ,   ,    (Ibid).




43


. . ,   Z,   19571992, ., , . 113




44


Ġ( . absurdus  ) , ,   ,   .          ,      ,  ,  . . (. . , ,     4 ., - , ., 2001.,        , https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enc_philosophy/7/%D0%90%D0%91%D0%A1%D0%A3%D0%A0%D0%94 (. 12.08.19)).




45


 -Ӡ(    )         ,    18  1993  (,  -ӻ, https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/_-#cite_note-21 (. 12.08.19)).




46


    -ӻ,      2012, . 48, .  https://www.tenex.ru/download/253/2012_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4.pdf (. 12.08.19).




47


Megatons to Megawatts,  Centrus Energy, https://www.centrusenergy.com/who-we-are/history/megatons-to-megawatts (. 12.08.19).




48


  (),  ,  12619.07.2018, . 9, .    https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/3689747 (. 16.08.19).




49


     ?   腻,   , https://topwar.ru/29719-zachem-russkie-otdali-ssha-svoy-uran-i-otdali-li.html (. 12.08.19).




50


 :  ,  ,   3, 6  2007., http://rusrep.ru/2007/03/atomnoe_pravoslavie/




51


. , ,  1,  2.




52


             ,   -.   45  -  ,  181  .  3959  ( 1  2016 ) (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/).




53


     . .  . .16.




54


 .,   , .  , 1999, 8 (124), . 18  19;  .,  , .  , 19.04.02, 71(23616), . 12;  .,    , ., -, 2002;  . .,         19411945, - , 2006. 11. . 4044;  .   , .  , 25.07.07, 128 (24894), . 34;  .,   :       , -  , ., 2009.




55


 . .,    (19132006).  , ., , 2013.




56


 . .,  . .   ,  , , ,  ( ), ., , 2013




57


 . .,   (   . . ), ., , 2014.




58


Everett Hugh, Relative State Formulation of Quantum Mechanics, Reviews of Modern Physics, v. 29, 3, 1957, p. 454462.             . .,  .  , ., 2009., .174208.




59


 : Quantum physics tells us that no matter how thorough our observation of the present, the (unobserved) past, like the future, is indefinite and exists only as a spectrum of possibilities. The universe, according to quantum physics, has no single past, or history. (Stephen W. Hawking, Leonard Mlodinow, The Grand Design, published by Bantam Books, 2010.Chapter 4 Alternative Histories, .     RoyalLib.com, https://royallib.com/read/Hawking_Stephen/The_Grand_Design.html#81920 (.03.07.19).        ,  ,  ,  , , 2012).




60


 , ,   .  ?,  Republica,

https://republic.ru/posts/93214?utm_source=republic.ru&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=morning (. 12.03.19).




61


.,  .   , 1884, .   .  л, https://www.litmir.me/br/?b=68969&p=2 (.12.03.19).




62


. . ,   , - , ., 2001.




63


. . ,  .  , ., 2010, .   , . 293350.




64


. . ,  :  , , , - LAP LAMBERT Academic Pablishing, 2016.




65


. . ,    :       , - , ., 2016.




66


 ,  .      , . 13  115    :    (   ), . . . , - : CORPUS, ., 2019., 656 .




67


   .    : , , https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/, _ (. 12.03.19).




68


      25  2019.,            ,       .    ()      , , .    ,    .          ,         .




69


  ,           .    (  )   ,             (, , https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ (. 20.03.19)).    ,    ,    .      (  )          -.         .    , , , ,          .     ߻      .




70


  , , 5,27  5,28




71


, ,        ,        . .    (  ., -, 2005.)     SS 433   .




72


. . ,  ,   , .1, - ,   , -, 2016, . 241.




73


 , e-mail  25.07.17:13.27.




74


 . .,  . .,  . .,       , ,  2008., .178, 5, . 481488.    ,    ,   . . ,    .     .           ,              ,        .




75


            . . :          ,          (. . ,   , . -, , 06(07),  2004.)




76


 :  ,      -.  . . .           .          -       .   ,     , ..       ,        ,         .  ,  -   .        ,    ,      ,  ,    ,    ,     .




77


 :    . .  . .   NYCC.




78


 :  ,    18.01.20:15.05.  . . .




79


 ,                              ( , http://www.everettica.org/news.php3).




80


Alexander Demandt, Ungeschehene Geschichte:Ein Traktat ?ber die Frage: Was w?re geschehen, wenn?, seite 16, .  (https://books.google.ru/books?id=quO9PuH5M9QC&pg=PT17&lpg=PT17&dq=Karl+Hampe++) (.10.10.19).




81


 ,    , , Nov. 9th, 2017|07:23 pm, https://timur0.livejournal.com/332254.html (. 27.02.19).




82


. . ,       13  1931., , . 13,    , 1951., . 106. .     , http://grachev62.narod.ru/stalin/t13/t13_19.htm (. 27.02.19).




83


  .      (2019), 1.06.42. 1.07.16.,    ,  You Tube, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wrUq7QQOkZA (. 13.05.20).




84


     . . . ,   05  2019.,  . .        , , 05.03.19, http://chronos.msu.ru/ru/mediatek/video-sem/2019/medioteka/video-prezentatsiya-fotoreportazh-s-2019/zasedaniya-2019/zasedanie-seminara-05-marta-2019-g (.07.03.19).




85


 . . .,  , . ., . . . .   . . , - , ., 1990, . 53.




86


 . . .,   . .1,  , - , ., 1974, . 90.




87


. . , e-mail  09.03.19:14.37.




88


. ,  .  , . . . ,  , 11, 2006., . 166.




89


 . .,     , - , ., 2020., . 1415.




90


, ,    , https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/, ____




91


 , e-mail  28.09.16:19.06




92


,   . . , . 10.




93


. .   - ,           ,    . . . ,        (,  , , https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/, __).




94


 .    . .  25.12.07.




95


. . , ,  2.




96


 : ,  , , https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/, __




97


. ,   : ,   ,   , https://maxpark.com/community/4057/content/4863552.




98


Ibid.




99


        .    (- , .,2017.)        ,      ,       22  1941 .




100


. . , . .      ,   , . 46, 2015, .26.




101


           Homo proponit, sed Deus disponit ( ,   )       . (. . ,   Thomas a Kempis. Opera omnia. Ed. M. J. Pohl. Freiburg, 1902-10,    ,   ,      , , 1992, . XIX(2), .   catholic-vnov.ru, http://catholic-vnov.ru/lib/fomk0.htm#pe (. 16.09.19)).           ,  .                (  ,  ,  ,  )  , ,       ,          (, 10, 23).          ,    ,    .       ,          ,          . (, , https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0 (. 16.09.19)).           .   ,      ,   .                 ,   ,      .




102


  The Sacred Chain ( )  -,   . 106    , Translation of the Telekhan (Telekhany, Belarus), Published by the Yizkor Books in Print Project part of Yizkor Books Project of JewishGen, Inc. Originally in Yiddish, Hebrew and English, edited by: Sh. Sokoler, Published in Los Angeles, 1963. Translated by David Goldman, translations donated by Ray Stone and Rita Krakower Margolis, project Coordinator,Ray Stone, 218 p. .  https://www.jewishgen.org/yizkor/Telekhany/telekhany.html#TOC (. 11.03.20).

:

-    

  .

   ,

    .




103


Asher Gurshtel, The Story of how Telekhany was Destroyed in Translation of the Telekhan, . 9.




104


 : Wikimedia Commons, File: Michal Kazimier Aginski.i i ii (1757-61). jpg, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Michal_Kazimier_Aginski._i_i_ii_%281757-61%29.jpg (. 13.02.20).




105


      .       ,      XVIII.    ,       .      .        II      .




106


Asher Gurshtel, The Story of how Telekhany was Destroyed in Translation of the Telekhan, . 9




107


, https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ (. 11.03.20)




108


Ibid.




109


, https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/




110


,   21     ,     3  ,  . .   . .   . .   07.01.63.,   .




111


: ?(??????????(),     ,  .???????? []  ?????[] )        .https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ (. 11.03.20).




112


 :   , Translation of the Telekhan (Telekhany, Belarus), Published by the Yizkor Books in Print Project part of Yizkor Books Project of JewishGen, Inc. Originally in Yiddish, Hebrew and English, edited by: Sh. Sokoler, Published in Los Angeles, 1963. Translated by David Goldman, translations donated by Ray Stone and Rita Krakower Margolis, project Coordinator,Ray Stone, . 166. .  https://www.jewishgen.org/yizkor/Telekhany/telekhany.html#TOC (. 11.03.20).      :             .




113


.,  , 8  1916 (15310), .      . , https://gumilev.ru/prose/32 (. 11.03.20).




114


. . ,  ,  III, ., . ݻ, 2015., . 274.




115


Aaron Klitenick, The Munich Conference in Translation of the Telekhan . 43.




116


 :   ( ),  ,   , http://www.pinsk-history.ru/78-istoriya-pinska/istoriya-goroda/210-istoriya-poyavleniya-i-razvitiya-pochty-v-pinske (.11.03.20).




117


  ,       ,  ,            ,     :  ,    . (,  , https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/_ (.11.03.20)).




118


Aaron Klitenick, The Munich Conference in Translation of the Telekhan . 43.




119


Akiva Ilivitsky, The Red Army in Telekhany in 19391953, in Translation of the Telekhan . 117.




120


, . . ,  . . ,      1940.




121


,           ,  ,           .     (),   , 24.8.55.   . .   .




122


,   , https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/__ (.03.05.19).




123


Gideon Saar,   02.05.19:22.28, https://web.facebook.com/GideonSaarLikud/posts/10157282649938967?__tn__=C-R (. 03.05.19).




124


,   , https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/__ (.03.05.19).




125


 :  ,   ,  , , 26  2017, . 13.




126


 :    SS (SS-Kavalleriebrigade), -  FELDGRAU info, http://feldgrau.info/other/15758-prestupleniya-kavalerijskoj-brigady-ss-ss-kavalleriebrigade-2 (. 11.03.20).     ,               .              .      




127


  ,      .               ໻      컻      ,         ( https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/____(_)).  ,       ,   .




128


 :  :   ,   , 28.05.18, https://zen.yandex.ru/media/road_reload/babii-iar-istoriia-odnogo-koshmara-5b0b8828a815f1dcd179affb (. 11.03.20).




129


,  . .   . .   18.05.1949.  .   .




130


Esther Miller, A great loss for the world in English Section Translation of the Telekhan . 6.   ,          (         : The stories of the Nazi bestialities are so fantastic, so gruesome, horrifying and repulsive that the human mind is unable to comprehend them),             .




131


 , . 7021, .90, . .30,    .    , 46 .




132


 :  ,     , . 7021, . 90.




133


     , . 12:1




134


Ibid,  12:19.




135


,   , https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/__#cite_note-autogenerated1-1 (. 11.03.20).




136


Translation of the Telekhan (Telekhany, Belarus), Published by the Yizkor Books in Print Project part of Yizkor Books Project of JewishGen, Inc. Originally in Yiddish, Hebrew and English, edited by: Sh. Sokoler, Published in Los Angeles, 1963. Translated by David Goldman, translations donated by Ray Stone and Rita Krakower Margolis, project Coordinator,Ray Stone, 218 p. .  https://www.jewishgen.org/yizkor/Telekhany/telekhany.html#TOC (.11.03.20).




137


 : ,   , https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/__ (. 13.02.20).




138


 : Ibid.




139


 : Ibid.




140


 : Ibid.




141


    ,     ,     .




142


  ,          , ,   ,        . ,           .




143


  (,  ?)         (Izaak Koval)    (Grase Wiedemann),        ,  1, . 119,     24.10.2014 (Ph.D. Jim DeBrosse, Department Media, Film and Journalism, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio USA). https://www.dropbox.com/sh/2z1g726fnn1s2yv/AAA8QyJDoBWWy-N_W53s6Dnya?dl=0&preview=FBI+Report+on+Koval%2C+Part+1.PDF.       .   . ,      .     ,    ,              . (,           ,  ,   ,           .     (),   , 24.8.55.   . .   ).




144


. . , e-mail  18.12.03:12.43.




145


, -  1941.  1942     ,   1955   .




146


,           ,  ,           .     (),   , 24.8.55.   . .   .




147


 : , .




148


 : , .




149


. . , e-mail  29.09.16:17.54




150


 1 .117




151


. . , e-mail  25.10.17:15.02.




152


. . , e-mail  31.10.17:20.08.   ,  . .    ,     ,       .  , ,   . .,    ,   ,   .




153


 (1) .117.




154


  . 7021, .90, . . 30(2), . 89 ().




155


Ibid.




156





   , .    "", http://lists.memo.ru/d10/f150.htm (.11.03.20).




157


  . 7021, .90, . . 30(2), . 133159.




158


  !      养   ,  ,   ,     .       (, ,  ?)   , ,         ,    .      (         Radzima.net  13.04.16, https://www.radzima.net/ru/miejsce/parszewicze_1.html (. 10.02.20)).     (    !)             .                  :  .  .  (    ),  .  ( . . ). ( ,     . . ,   " " . . .-, 2012., .    https://www.tg-m.ru/articles/spetsialnyi-vypusk-ip-pokhitonov-charodei-khudozhnik/khronika-zhizni-tvorchestva-pokhitonova (. 10.02.20)).




159


    ,      90-  XIX    40-  XX .              .(, https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/)




160


 ( )  -    .   XX .       . (, https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/_)




161


,   . . .




162


Ibid.




163


Ibid.




164


Gur Alroey, Sexual violence, rape, and pogroms, 19031920, Journal Jewish Culture and History, v.18, 3, 2017, .    Lenta.ru, 18  2017, https://lenta.ru/articles/2017/10/18/sandp.




165


. . , .    18.12.03:12.43.




166


        .    (   )    (  )     ,        1- ,  8     2-  (,   , https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/__).     1906   ,  ,    1- .




167


 : .




168


 ,  04.11.13.    (..),     .




169


:     , https://ru.openlist.wiki/___(1893) (. 18.07.19).  껠         (19171991.),    軻

(https://ru.openlist.wiki/_: _ (. 18.07.19)).




170


,        .     43-             ( , 43-      ( ), https://www.liveinternet.ru/community/3629085/post123815785 (. 18.07.19)),   30-     2-     ( . .  . .        . 22  1938.,   , http://istmat.info/node/32631 (. 18.07.19)).




171


           .             ,    .        :  ,  ,     .      ,      .    ,   ,   (      ).      ,    ,       .     . (. . , e-mail  23.07.2019:12.28).                .




172


 . .   ,  , . 14, http://bustorik.info/milkywaycenter-com/everettica/AK041017




173


 , . 7021, . 90, . .30, . 4




174


 ,     , . 7021, . 90, . .30, . 4.




175


, , , https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/, _




176


.,      1/2-  1/4-,  IsraLove, 01.05.2016, https://isralove.org/load/2-1-0-194




177


Ibid.




178


Ibid: 2  1940               ,   ,       ,      ,   .




179


            Homo    .             1941        ! ( . , https://www.proza.ru/2017/05/18/529?fbclid=IwAR3YmYhNXoQ04l9mM6-eB-bndX_q6lo3sKCe-8ga1riCjrj25ZLcUsaNvw (. 23.02.20)).   ,        .        ,      .  ,       ,    .




180


  . , e-mail  23.08.17:12.11.




181


  . , e-mail  25.08.17:19.02.




182


  . , e-mail  28.09.17:14.36




183


 ,   .  - 31- . 19411945, , ., 2010, .   iknigi.net, https://iknigi.net/avtor-leonid-rabichev/42491-voyna-vse-spishet-vospominaniya-oficera-svyazista-31-armii-1941-1945-leonid-rabichev/read/page-1.html (. 22.02.20).




184


     . ,       24  1913      16  1890  ( (1) .105, 113, 114),    499861,         14  1932 ,      10  1891  ( (2) . 39).             (   ),     - ,              1903 .  ,       ,  -           .




185


 :   , Translation of the Telekhan (Telekhany, Belarus), Published by the Yizkor Books in Print Project part of Yizkor Books Project of JewishGen, Inc. Originally in Yiddish, Hebrew and English, edited by: Sh. Sokoler, Published in Los Angeles, 1963. Translated by David Goldman, translations donated by Ray Stone and Rita Krakower Margolis, project Coordinator,Ray Stone, 218 p., . 157. https://www.jewishgen.org/yizkor/Telekhany/tel157.html (. 11.03.20).      ,          .   ,   ,     .




186


 ,     1911    .




187


,  . .  . .   . .   17  1952 .   .




188


 ,     ,    , 05.07.2012, https://www.forumdaily.com/amerikanskij-grazhdanin-geroj-rossii




189


 :  .             .  30.10.13.




190


,  . .  . .   . .   21  1952 .   .




191


,  . .  . .   . .   29  1952 .   .




192


 : . , e-mail  05.07.18:13.28




193


. , e-mail  19.03.19:22.43.




194


. , e-mail  05.07.18:13.28.




195


 : . , e-mail  05.07.18:13.28




196


. , e-mail  02.07.18:14.01




197


 :  ,            https://kamsmd.ru/administratsiya/glava-poseleniya/biografiya-glavy (. 24.07.19).




198


. . , e-mail  . .   19.07.19:10.00.




199


. . ,     셻,    1830,    .  . .   1855         .




200


 :  ,   ,   , 08.05.2019, .    http://www.gazetaeao.ru/oni-byli-kommunarami (. 24.07.19).




201


    ,   ,         腻,    . ( 04.11.13.    (..),     ,  ).




202


 :     ,  Wikimedia Commons, File: Michal Kleafas Aginski.i  ii (F.-X. Fabre, 1805). jpg, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=12226192 (. 13.02.20).




203


,  . .  . .   . .   29  1952 .   .




204


"Iowa, County Marriages, 18381934", index, FamilySearch, https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/QJDS-Z96P: accessed 13 March 2015, Abraham Koval and Ethel Shenitsky, 1911




205


 ,  ,   .     , 23  2017.,  Life.ru, https://life.ru/p/977456 (. 11.03.20).




206


. . ,    XVIII   XX .:    ,  ,  ,   , The journal of Power Institution in Post-Soviet Societies, 4/5, 2006., https://journals.openedition.org/pipss/493 (. 11.03.20).




207


 ,     ?       ?,  FB.ru: https://fb.ru/article/164303/chto-oznachaet-nimb-nad-golovoy-chto-simvoliziruyut-nimbyi-nad-golovoy-u-svyatyih.




208


 : , .




209


,  . .  . .   . .   07.01.63, ,   .




210


           ,     . . , https://www.prlib.ru/history/618941 (. 11.03.20).




211


     1  1874 / I, . I, . 11, .  , https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/_____1__1874_/_I (. 11.03.20).




212


 . .,  . .,  . .  . 2- . ., 2012, .102103. .   . , http://ponjatija.ru/node/3156




213


     1  1874 / I, . I, . 11, .  , https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/_____1__1874_/_I (. 11.03.20).




214


  19          12  (,  ,

https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/_#_______ (. 24.07.19)




215


  ,  .




216


.. , e-mail  . .   19.07.19:10.00.




217


 :  . .  . . , e-mail  23.07.19:05.20.




218


 . .  . . , e-mail  23.07.19:05.20




219


 :  . . , e-mail  19.07.19:10.00




220


 . .  25.07.19.




221


 ,        , http://berkovich-zametki.com/Avtory/Basin.htm (. 11.03.20).




222


 . .    . .3 (18811914). :  , 1923, . 371372.




223


. ,       ( 1903        XX ),  " ", 3(86), 2015,. http://berkovich-zametki.com/Avtory/Basin.htm (. 11.03.20).




224


 . .,   , -  , 2001, .341.




225


  :    , , 1904, 44, .




226


. ,       ( 1903        XX ),  " ", 3(86), 2015, http://berkovich-zametki.com/2015/Starina/Nomer3/Basin1.php.




227


. ,    ,   ,     , ., 1956, .4.




228


 -    ,        ,           .    . .   ; -    X         . <      . .>




229


 ,   , ,   21  1908.,     , ., 1956, . 28.




230


      . ., ,  . <      . .>.




231


 ,   , ,   6  1908.,     , ., 1956, . 34




232


 -    .  ,     ,     1920 .        ()      .     XX               .




233


. . , . , e-mail  18.12.03:12.43.




234


. ,       ( 1903        XX ),  " ", 3(86), 2015, http://berkovich-zametki.com/2015/Starina/Nomer3/Basin1.php




235


,  . .  . .   . .   17  1952 .   .




236


     Queen Mary,      13  1959 ,         .        15  1881 . (https://www.ancestry.com/interactive/1518/30807_A001426-00302?pid=2188370&backurl=https://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv%3D1%26dbid%3D1518%26h%3D2188370%26tid%3D%26pid%3D%26usePUB%3Dtrue%26_phsrc%3DRQf20%26_phstart%3DsuccessSource&treeid=&personid=&hintid=&usePUB=true&_phsrc=RQf20&_phstart=successSource&usePUBJs=true)




237


     1965  1966 ,        < >     . ,        .        . . ,       . (, e-mail  10.12.13.).




238


 : .




239


         ,        .        1932. ( (2), . 77).




240


. . ,    , 27  1869.




241


, 49, 1  1903.




242


. ,       ( 1903        XX ),  " ", 3(86), 2015, http://berkovich-zametki.com/2015/Starina/Nomer3/Basin1.php




243


 ,   1903 ,  , 02 ., 2003, http://forum.souz.co.il/viewtopic.php?t=16285




244


 ,   :          ,       , 19  2017, 13:11, https://gomel.today/rus/news/gomel-4978/




245


 . .,  . .,  . .  . 2- . ., 2012, .102103. .   . , http://ponjatija.ru/node/3156




246


, , https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/




247


Ibid.




248


Ibid.




249


Ibid.




250


Ibid.




251


  . . . .    . . .  1940.          . ,         1912 .        1910,     1911 .




252


 ,  軠     , http://www.vilavi.ru/pes/farewell/farewell-1.shtml




253


 30.10.13.   ,    ,  .




254


 :  ,     , 

liveinternet.ru, 08.08.16:09.26, https://www.liveinternet.ru/users/4262933/post395951238 (. 13.02.20).




255


182.         . ,   ,      ,    ,     -   . https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/_____1__1874_/_XII




256


Hamburg Passenger Lists, 18501934forAbram Kowal, https://www.ancestry.com/interactive/1068/K_1782_080541-0503?pid=1151720&treeid=&personid=&rc=&usePUB=true&_phsrc=DTU25&_phstart=successSource




257


 ,         (Zippi), . , e-mail  06.12.17:13.55.




258


 ,   :          ,       , 19  2017, 13:11, https://gomel.today/rus/news/gomel-4978/.




259


          . . ,      "  -   "   28.11.17       . . .  (http://www.chronos.msu.ru/ru/mediatek/video/2017/medioteka/videozapisi-seminara/videozapisi-2017-g/zasedanie-seminara-28-noyabrya-2017-g).        -,    .    XXI  ,      XX ,    ,  ,      .




260


List or manifest of alien passengers applying for admission to the United States from foreign contiguous territory,

https://www.ancestry.com/interactive/1075/m1464_50-0127?pid=141614&treeid=&personid=&rc=&usePUB=true&_phsrc=Zap54&_phstart=successSource




261


Ibid.




262


 30.10.13.   ,    ,  .




263


United States Border Crossings from Canada to United States, https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:XPB7-QY6




264


U.S., Border Crossings from Canada to U.S., 18951960,

https://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv=1&dbid=1075&h=58790&tid=&pid=&usePUB=true&_phsrc=DTU92&_phstart=successSource




265


,   , https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/__




266


, , https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/




267


,  , https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/_




268


.. , e-mail  18.12.03:12.43.




269


    https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-89D9-C7K1?i=128&cc=2185163




270


,  -     , http://www.ejwiki.org/wiki/_()




271


 , , https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/_.




272


,  :        ()           (),   1906.   58 ,    . (,   , http://eleven.co.il/article/10791).




273


,            :  ,       ⻠ .  ,     (   )  ,           ,  , ,     ..        ,                   , , ,        . . (: , http://cyclowiki.org/wiki/).




274


      




275


. . ,   ,  4,  14.




276


ꅻ, .16, https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-89D9-C7K1?i=128&cc=2185163




277


Ibid, .12.




278


Ibid, .12.   (   7500)     .    ,              5.




279


      Currency Converter,

(http://fxtop.com/ru/inflation-calculator.php?A=7500&C1=USD&INDICE=USCPI31011913&DD1=01&MM1=02&YYYY1=1913&DD2=04&MM2=12&YYYY2=2017&btnOK=+)




280


ꅻ, .19, https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-89D9-C7K1?i=128&cc=2185163




281


.. , e-mail  28.01.14: 21.44.




282


    ,    .     1960- ,          ,          .




283


. . , e-mail  28.01.14: 21.44.




284


 : Finn J.D. John, Oregon lost world's biggest log cabin in spectacular 1964 fire, Offbeat Oregon History project, June 17, 2012, http://offbeatoregon.com/1206c-forestry-building-biggest-log-cabin-burned.html (. 13.02.20).




285


,  -     , http://www.ejwiki.org/wiki/_()




286


 ,     ,  , 4 2008.4676, 9 .




287


 ,  "", .  , 19  2002., 71(23616), 2 .




288


Declaration of Intention 844, dated January 24, 1913, 1, . 113.




289


Ibid.




290


 ,     XX ,  , - -, 25  2010 14:40, https://svpressa.ru/society/article/29468/




291


Ibid.




292


United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiner of America.




293


.  14  1916.




294


    .




295


1, . 113114.




296


 :  eBay,Norway Heritage project, http://www.norwayheritage.com/p_ship.asp?sh=hann2




297


AllTexas, Passenger Lists, 18931963 results forAbram Koval, https://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=gpl&gss=sfs28_ms_db&new=1&rank=1&msT=1&gsfn=Abram&gsfn_x=0&gsln=Koval&gsln_x=1&MSAV=1&uidh=000




298


 : https://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=gpl&gss=sfs28_ms_r_db&new=1&rank=1&gsfn=Abram&gsfn_x=0&gsln=Kowal&gsln_x=1&MSAV=1&uidh=y31




299


,      Googl, Abram Koval    ?,  Abram Kowal    ?.   ,         ?.




300


AllTexas, Passenger Lists, 18931963,

https://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=gpl&gss=sfs28_ms_db&new=1&rank=1&msT=1&gsfn=Jos&gsfn_x=0&gsln=Ranch&gsln_x=0&MSAV=1&uidh=y31




301


,  , https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/_




302


.. ,  , .  , , - -, ., 2002., . 291, 293, .   Google , https://books.google.ru/books?id=L00P6M1BzmoC&pg=PA293&lpg=PA293&dq=+++++1906+&source=bl&ots=mvTcp65HTt&sig=I5giesBfnRgXWBEv8aScMn6K5aQ&hl=ru&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjd8IuIqdPXAhXCalAKHRIYBS8Q6AEIOTAE#v=onepage&q=%20%20%20%20%201906%20&f=false.




303


,   .




304


   ,  -     , http://www.ejwiki.org/wiki/___.




305


Ettel Schnitzky in theNew York, Passenger Lists, 18201957,

https://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?_phsrc=RQf2&_phstart=successSource&usePUBJs=true&indiv=1&db=nypl&gss=angs-d&new=1&rank=1&gsfn=Ettel&gsfn_x=NP&gsln=Schnitzky&gsln_x=NP&MSAV=1&uidh=y31&pcat=40&fh=0&h=4008525001&recoff=8%209&ml_rpos=1




306


 : https://www.ancestry.com/interactive/8944/IMUSA1858_002-0189/4008525001?backUrl=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv=1&dbid=7488&h=4008525001&tid=&pid=&usePUB=true&_phsrc=Zap56&_phstart=successSource&ssrc=&rdb=nypl&st=r#?imageId=IMUSA1858_003-0060




307


 : . ,    . . .     , ,  .




308


,     ,              .      . . ,  ,              ,  -    (=   )     1900-  ,     .  ,   ,     .(. . , e-mail  27.03.19:21.39)




309


       Servant,     ,   .




310


forEttel Schnitzky, https://www.ancestry.com/interactive/7488/NYT715_1678-0518?pid=4008525001&backurl=https://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?_phsrc%3DRQf2%26_phstart%3DsuccessSource%26usePUBJs%3Dtrue%26indiv%3D1%26db%3Dnypl%26gss%3Dangs-d%26new%3D1%26rank%3D1%26gsfn%3DEttel%26gsfn_x%3DNP%26gsln%3DSchnitzky%26gsln_x%3DNP%26MSAV%3D1%26uidh%3Dy31%26pcat%3D40%26fh%3D0%26h%3D4008525001%26recoff%3D8%25209%26ml_rpos%3D1&treeid=&personid=&hintid=&usePUB=true&_phsrc=RQf2&_phstart=successSource&usePUBJs=true




311


Ibid.




312


, ,    ,       ,     .     ,  ,   ,    .     - 26  1910 ,        -  14  1914 .

(Iowa, County Marriages, 18381934", index, FamilySearch, https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/QJDS-Z96P, Abraham Koval and Ethel Shenitsky, 1911.). ,     -       .




313


 : i   ꎻ,  , 2, 8(21)  1911 , .12,      , https://rusneb.ru/catalog/000200_000018_RU_NLR_DIGIT_520855/viewer/?page=14 (. 27.03.19).   . . , e-mail  27.03.19:21.33.     . . , e-mail  31.03.19:11.37.




314


1, . 114.




315


Ibid.




316


 :  Etsy, https://www.etsy.com/listing/184979795/woodbury-county-court-house-sioux-city?show_sold_out_detail=1 (. 29.12.19).  1930- .




317


"Iowa, County Marriages, 18381934", index, FamilySearch, https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/QJDS-Z96P, Abraham Koval and Ethel Shenitsky, 1911.




318


 : , .




319


 : , .




320


  , .




321


 : , .




322


     100 years ago: Council Oak myth is busted, Sioux City Journal, Jul 21, 2013, http://siouxcityjournal.com/news/local/columnists/peterson/years-ago-council-oak-myth-is-busted/article_02864933-2c58-5d4a-a5bc-1e6f008a2051.html (. 14.02.20)




323


 : Ibid.




324


     Missouri Department of Conservation  Bur oak (Burr oak), https://nature.mdc.mo.gov/discover-nature/field-guide/bur-oak-burr-oak.




325


 : .  ,  04.11.13.    (..),     .




326


 : , .




327


 : , .




328


.. ,    (19132006).  , -  . . . , 2013, . 30.




329


 : , .




330


, Commencement Exercises,    , 13  1929.




331


 : ,  . . .  Maroon and White       .    ,    1929 ,          .  ,    ,         .




332


 : .




333


Ibid.




334


 : 




335


. . , e-mail  22.02.18:22.05




336


  ,      .           ,    .    CHS  24  1930 . (   ).




337


https://www.ancestry.com/interactive/6224/4584445_01016/32221789?backurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ancestry.com%2Ffamily-tree%2Fperson%2Ftree%2F25476478%2Fperson%2F1679713523%2Ffacts&bm=true#?imageid=4584445_01020&imageId=4584445_01016




338


.           .




339


 (2), . 122




340


 ,     , .1,  10, . . 116.




341


,       , . 1938.




342


 : 30  ,     ,  , https://sadicveti.info/fotografiya/30-istoricheskih-fotografii-ot-kotoryh-murashki-po-kozhe (. 14.02.20).




343


The Sioux City Journal     1930 , https://www.newspapers.com/profile/solovey27/#.




344


1, . 118120.




345


 : .




346


2, . 122




347


2, . 121. 7 1955.    (Morris Lefko).




348


.




349


 ,   1993   ,         . https://onedrive.live.com/?authkey=%21AAfdZKgJC41iEJY&cid=AC768176A0D8C415&id=AC768176A0D8C415%21728&parId=AC768176A0D8C415%21131&o=OneUp     . , e-mail  12.03.18:17.03.




350


  ,     , , 1932 .




351


 2, . 121. 7 1955.    (Morris Lefko),  Western Paper and Supply Company -,    CHS: Koval was very emphatic in his statements as to Russia, the advantages over Unites States as far as the poor person was concerned, and felt that the subject was thoroughly imbued with a love for Russia.




352


  : DavidMaraniss, A Good American Family: The Red Scare and My Father, Simon & Schuster, 2019,    ,      Β   . , .    Β,     .     軻,  Republica, https://republic.ru/posts/95042?utm_source=republic.ru&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=morning (. 25.10.19).




353


,          1938 ?     1941    ? ,     ,  ,       .     ,       ⻠               .




354


 ,     ., .1,  10, . . 116,       11/X-38.




355


          . ,          .       ,             ,      .           ,   ,    -, :        ,         ,   ,        .     ⻻ ( , , https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/_).




356


The International Jew, Nov. 1920, 1st Edition by Henry Ford.     .  https://www.libfox.ru/548417-genri-ford-mezhdunarodnoe-evreystvo.html.




357


 , , https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/_




358


: 




359


            .   , . . ,   . . . ,    ,  ,   :  !   ,      ,        !      ! (    , . .   . . .  08.10.13,  ).




360


,      , ,        .       Ford      .       .         .         .       , ,         .  ,       ,           ,      ( ,  :  ,     ,   novate, https://novate.ru/blogs/260719/51147 (.05.08.19)).




361


 (2), . 121. 7 1955.    (Morris Lefko).




362


    , . .   . . .  08.10.13,  .




363


. . , e-mail  02.03.2018:18.45.




364


 ,     ,  ,  2004, 7(147), http://www.lechaim.ru/ARHIV/147/glanwil.htm




365


Ibid.




366


Rovner A., Pen Portraits of American Jews in Biro-Bidjan. The Koval family from Sioux City, Nailebn-New Life, april, 1937, v.XI, 4(89), p. 14. <   . .>




367


, . 9498, .1, . 391 , . ,  ,       л     , .2, . 7880,  ,   New York, 7.5.32, .




368


Ibid., .83.




369


1 . 127




370


2 . 39




371


          . .  ,       .         . ,      ( ),  , ,     .      (. , e-mail  26.07.18:07.06).




372


, .




373


2 . 40




374


. . ,    , ,  养, 1828.




375


 : 




376


 : 




377


  , . ,  1932, 13, .17.




378


, - , https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/-_




379


  , . ,  1932, 13, .17.




380


he came to the Icor office before boarding the boat which was to carry him across the Atlantic. (A.Rovner, Pen Portraits of American Jews in Biro-Bidjan. The Koval family from Sioux City, Nailebn-New Life, april, 1937, v.XI, 4 (89), p. 14).




381


,  . .   . .     06.07.40.   .




382


. , e-mail  12.10.19:17.41




383


   . , ,   ,     軻,        , . -353, .-1, .128, . 22.    ,    ,     1932 .




384


   . ,       ,      1931     -  1932    ,   ,      ,           . ( . , e-mail  13.10.19:10.42). ,      (  ,     )       .




385


 . ., e-mail  12.12.13:13.47




386


2 . 39




387


IKOR, ,  1932.        (The Workmens Circle, Director for Yiddish Programming, NY), e-mail  07.02.18:00.22.




388


IKOR, ,  1932.     . , e-mail  02.02.2018:09.13,    ͻ




389


IKOR, ,  1932.       , e-mail  07.02.18:01.55.      ͻ, e-mail  14.02.18:18.40.




390


. . ,  , , . 7,., , 1958., . 37.




391


 : MAJESTICGALLERY,  Mark Chirnsides Reception Room, http://www.markchirnside.com/majesticgallery16.htm (. 14.02.20).




392


    , 1993. https://onedrive.live.com/?authkey=%21ABxuWy-a4214XU0&cid=AC768176A0D8C415&id=AC768176A0D8C415%21735&parId=AC768176A0D8C415%21131&o=OneUp.     . , e-mail  14.03.18:21.41




393


 ,  1932., .10,     . , e-mail  02.02.18:09.13,    ͻ, e-mail  14.03.18:18.40




394


. . ,  , , . 7,., , 1958., . 37  38.




395


   . , ,   ,             ,        , . -353, .-1, .128, . 2224.




396


, ,    , 27 (153), 7  1932., , . 18.




397


. , e-mail  03.03.18:09.05.




398


. ,      !, , 21,  1932., . 7




399


,    ,     ໻ (e-mail .   12.10.19:12.38).




400


   . ,    ,     軻,        , . -353, .-1, .128, . 2224.




401


. . ,        ,  You Tube, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9t7104rLzmk (. 24.02.19).




402


,       ,    .    -    -               (-        ,  - , 01.10.12, http://www.belvpo.com/ru/16762.html).           , , ,         ,  - .




403


 , . 17517. 1,  , .23, .   Wilson Center. Digital Archive International History Declassified, . , Yellow Notebook #4, . 33, https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/112859 (. 10.04.19).




404


 :  ,09.04.13,  ,

http://photochronograph.ru/2013/04/09/moskovskie-pejzazhi-30-e-gody/ (. 14.02.20).




405


 ,     10  1932 .            ,         .




406


 ,    -  ,    .               .            .     ,            .         ,    ,           ,        .       , ,   .   to bear one's cross 




407


         1657-332  19  1936 .




408


CAHJP (The Central Archives for the History of the Jewish People Jerusalem), .75, . 1, . 71, .6,    .  (e-mail  02.03.18:21.27)




409


   1938        (  ) ( ,     , .1,  10, . . 116).




410


 .,   :       , -  , ., 2009., .21.




411


 .   (19231939, 19571992) (),   , http://fleetphoto.ru/




412


 .        𻠖 Ruth  Rutt Makler.




413


    .      .  (e-mail  02.02.18:22.32),        .  (e-mail  13.10.19:23.29).




414


          14  ..()   7  <,    5 ,        . .>    1          -,    1      .  (   . ,    ,     軻,        , . -353, .-1, .128, . 2224).




415


 , :   , . ϻ, , 1999., . 2425.




416


 .,   :       , -  , ., 2009., .251.




417


      .  (E-mail  02.03.18:09.55).




418


ICOR, v.V, 5(37), july 1932.  :   . , e-mail  03.02.18:19.26.      .   -.         ,       .   . . , 20002001.         ,  ,          ,          1 .22.




419


     ͻ, e-mail  14.02.18:18.40.




420


., ,  ,      , , 26, http://mishpoha.org/n26/26a21.php,  . .,    ,   -   . .     19132006,            Jewmil.com, http://www.jewmil.com/biografii/item/113-koval-zhorzh-abramovich,  ..




421


,  ,   ,        ,    -       ,   -   .   . .




422


,        ,         , 17.12.16, 14:56, http://for-ua.info/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=55249




423


SSLeviathan, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Leviathan


