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    蠖        .      :   ,    ,       [2, c. 313].         .   , ,   .

       , :  (Polygonum erectum),  (Chenopodium berlandieri),  (Phalaris californica),  (Iva annua),  (Ambrosia trifida),    (Hordeum pusillum) [2, c. 308].






  . : Smith, Bruce D. (1995). The Emergence ofAgriculture. New York: Scientific American Library. p.184.



,    ,           .     :    ?






    (Hordeum pusillum). Kartesz, J.T., The Biota ofNorth America Program (BONAP). 2015. Taxonomic Data Center. (http://www.bonap.net/tdc). Chapel Hill,N.C.



 !        ,    .          [28, c.8].

           (Hordeum vulgaris).

  (Chenopodium berlandieri)    -  ,     .   ,      1700 . . [17].         ,       [17] [19].

  [1 -   (Antoine-Simon Le Page du Pratz, 1695? 1775) ,  .    17201728.] ⠫  ,          (houpichoul),   , ,      [15].   ,  렖    .

        ,     .   (Chenopodium b. nuttalliae)   huauzontle   huauhtli () tzontli ()   .    ,     [18].

      (Atriplex).      ,             [14, c. 6061] [28, c. 21].      ,     saltbush (  ).         .   ,         [2 -  ( nixtli () tamalli ()  )   .           80


,   1618.         [3].] .       ,   ,     . Ѡ    蠖   ,     .     ,   [14, c. 6061] [28, c. 21].         .     ,      ,      .     ,  .

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        .    . ,      ,      .      .  ,    (Camassia)  (Allium)       (Liliaceae).        (Asparagales).

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 camas ( quamash)    .        , 1  ,    .      5 .    ,  ,   (C. cusickii), :     .






     . Kartesz, J.T., The Biota ofNorth America Program (BONAP). 2015. Taxonomic Data Center. (http://www.bonap.net/tdc). Chapel Hill,N.C.



       䠖   (C. quamash).  ࠖ   .         .      :     (C. scilloides)   (C. angusta).

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    -   . , 1890. Photo courtesy ofNez Perce National Historical Park, Stephen D. Shawley Collection.



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     (Salvia):       ,       .       .







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  (Carya illinoinensis). Kartesz, J.T., The Biota ofNorth America Program (BONAP). 2015. Taxonomic Data Center. (http://www.bonap.net/tdc). Chapel Hill,N.C.



    ⠖ ,   (Carya).     21 ,    , , ,      .   蠖   (C. illinoinensis),  -  .          (  )   (C. laciniosa)   (C. ovata).  ,  ,   ,    .       , 堖   .      ,    .    ,    .




 


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             . ,   ,     .

     ,    .       .    , 堖  ,  .     kasha[6].

         (Crataegus mexicana).   , , .     ,   (D?a de Muertos)   .     rielitos,    ,   .




  


      .    ,       .

  ,           ,  .    ,    ,    (Morus rubra).         .      ,        .           (M. n?gra),      .

  (Shepherdia)     .                    ,           .   -    .         .     (S. canadensis) ,    (, ),       sxusem   .         .   (S. argentea)          [21].

    ࠖ     (Gaultheria shallon).   ,    ,      .      - ,     .     1300.    ,    .

        .      .     .     :  ,    ,      ,     ,  , ,  ,   .

          (Podophyllum peltatum)  .     ,  蠫 ,     28   .    ,     .      :  ,  ,    .

    .      , 堖 .    :   , , .      assimin,       .   (Asimina)       (   ꠖ ).   (A. triloba)     ,       .

  ,   ,  516  500.  ,  .        .        .    :    .

* ** * ** * ** * ** * ** * ** * ** * ** * ** * ** * ** * ** * ** **

     .           .        ,  ,        .

     ,      ,      ,      [1].







[1]  .  . , 1985.

[2] ..  .  2-, . .:   , 2012.

[3]         ?[3 -   ]  1. https://www.fontegro.com/dlya-shef-povara/statii/chto-takoe-nikstamalizaciya-ili-pochemu-tartili-slozhno-prig-48 (04.03.2019).

[4] The Biota ofNorth America Program. North American Vascular Flora. http://bonap.org/ (15.02.2019 10.07.2019).

[5] Edible Plant +Dichelostemma capitatum: Its Vegetative Reproduction Response toDifferent Indigenous Harvesting Regimes inCalifornia. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1046/j.1526-100X.1999.72016.x (06.03.2019).

[6] FirstVoices- Ktunaxa. Plants: medicine plants: words. Retrieved 11July 2012. https://www.firstvoices.com/explore/FV/sections/Data/Ktunaxa/ Ktunaxa/Ktunaxa (15.06.2019).

[7] https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=pran3 (13.03.2019 20.06.2019).

[8] Asch, David L; Asch, Nancy B. Chenopod as cultigen: Are-evaluation ofsome prehistoric collections from eastern North America. Midcontinental Journal ofArchaeology: 345, 1977. https://www.jstor.org/stable/20707799?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents (14.03.2019).

[9] Bill. Camas: So, youre into slow food? https://www.cultivariable.com/camas-so-youre-into-slow-food (06.03.2019).

[10] Charlie. Sotol (Desert Spoon). http://www.swordofsurvival.com/2010/11/sotol-desert-spoon.html (08.03.2019).

[11] Colin. 62Edible Wild Plants That You Didnt Know You Can Eat.

https://matteroftrust.org/14760/62-edible-wild-plants-that-you-didnt-know-you-can-eat (27.02.2019).

[12] Cresswell, Stephen. Homemade Root Beer, Soda & Pop. Storey Publishing, 1998.

[13] Kermath, Brian; Bradley, Bennett; Pulsipher, Lydia M. Food Plants inthe Americas: ASurvey ofthe Domesticated, Cultivated, and Wild Plants Used for Human Food inNorth, Central and South America and the Caribbean. 2018 https://www.academia.edu/1139225/Food_Plants_in_the_Americas_A_ Survey_of_the_Domesticated_Cultivated_and_Wild_Plants_Used_for_ Human_Food_in_North_Central_and_South_America_and_the_ Caribbean? email_work_card=interaction_paper (20.04.2019).

[14] Moerman, Daniel (2010). Native American Food Plants: An Ethnobotanical Dictionary. Timber Press, 2010. https://books.google.ru/books?id=iYhjlKR7GZEC&printsec=frontcover&dq=inauthor:%22Daniel+E.+ Moerman%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjVwN2yxtLjAhV3xc QBHfHNDsIQ6AEILzAB#v=onepage&q&f=false (02.06.2019).

[15] Page du Pratz, Antoine S. Histoire de la Louisiane. Paris, 1758.

[16] Sauer, Carl O. Sixteenth Century North America: The Land and the People as Seen bythe Europeans. Berkeley, California: University ofCalifornia Press, 1975. pp. 8081.

[17] Smith, Bruce D. Rivers ofchange: essays on early agriculture ineastern North America. Cowan, C. Wesley, 1951, Hoffman, Michael P. Tuscaloosa: University ofAlabama Press, 2007.

[18] Smith, Bruce D. Eastern North America as an independent center ofplant domestication. Proceedings ofthe National Academy ofSciences ofthe United States ofAmerica, 2006. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1567861/ (20.03.2019).

[19] Smith, Bruce D.; Yarnell, Richard A. (2009-04-21). Initial formation ofan indigenous crop complex ineastern North America at 3800B.P. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2666091/ (28.02.2019)

[20] Smith, Norman F. Trees ofMichigan and the Upper Great Lakes. 6th ed. Thunder Bay Press, 2002. p.81.

[21] Sturtevant, William C. Handbook ofNorth American Indians: Great Basin. WashingtonD.C.: Smithsonian Institution,1986.

[22] T. Abe Lloyd. How toCook Camas. http://arcadianabe.blogspot.com/2012/06/how-to-cook-camas.html (06.03.2019).

[23] Thomas C. Hart, Timothy H. Ives. Preliminary Starch Grain Evidence ofAncient Stone Tool Use at the Early Archaic (9,000B.P.) Site ofSandy Hill, Mashantucket, Connecticut. Ethnobiology Letters. 4: 87. https://ojs.ethnobiology.org/index.php/ebl/article/view/57 (15.03.2019).

[24] Thomas J. Elpel. Fire Plow Sets for Primitive Fire Making.

[25] Turner, Nancy J. Wild Berries. The Canadian Encyclopedia. http://www.grannysstore.com/Wilderness_Survival/fireplow.htm (17.03.20190).

[26] https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/wild-berries (27.02.2019).

[27] Weatherford, Jack. Native Roots: How the Indians Enriched America. Ballantine Books, 1992.

[28] Yanovsky, Elias. Food Plants ofthe North American Indians.U.S.Department ofagriculture. Miscellaneous publication No. 237. July 1936. https://books.google.ru/books/about/Food_Plants_of_the_North_ American_Indian.html? id=KNw9AAAAIAAJ&redir_esc=y (22.03.2019 15.07.2019).




      



..


   -    

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      .        .    XIX  :

   ,   .      .       ,   .     ,   ,  ,     ,    .   ,     .      ,      ,    ,     .      ,            [8, pp. 35,37].

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  ,     ,     .    ,              .        .  ,     ,  ,   .

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   ,   .  - - (   ) :       cimagin ( 4 )      .          ,  ,    ,   .             [3, p. 115].

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  (menikan)   .    ,   .      V,   .    ,    ( )      [3, p. 115].

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          / (  ), ,  ,       . -,         .       .           . -,         ,     .  ,            .             ,      . ,  砫      ,   ,    砫 .

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,   ,  ,   .   ,   ,    ,    [4, p.48].

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         -  ()   .    :

      ,     .        ,   ,        .    ,       ,   -     .      .       -  ,      ,     .            ,      .      ,   ,   ,     ,   ,      .   ,     .   ,      ,    ,      .   ,      ,    .   .          .       :

   .   .    ꠖ ,    ,    .

     :     .    ?   ?.  : Ѡ  .     .     .     .         .   ,   軻 [1, pp.122125].

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2)       ,      ,       .  ,  ,   ,    .    , ,    ,    - .       .      ( ).

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5)              ; ,   ; ,     ,    .

    , ,      .  ,    ,         ,      . ,  ,  ,      ,     ,       .







[1] Bouchard S. Chroniques de chasse dun Montagnais de Mingan. Srie cultures amerindiennes. Qubec: Ministre des Affaires culturelles, 1977.

[2] Clment D. La terre qui pousse. Lethnobotanique innue dEkuanitshit. Collection Mondes Autochtones. Qubec: Presse de lUniversit Laval, 2014.

[3] Labrador Winter: The Ethnographic Journals ofWilliam Duncan Strong, 19271928. Edited byE.B Leacock. and N.A.Rothchild. Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1994.

[4] Le MoineJ.M.Chasse et p?che au Canada. Qubec: 1887.

[5] Oeuvres de Champlain publies sous le patronage de lUniversit de Laval par lAbb C.-H. Laverdi?re. Seconde edition. Qubec, 1870. Vol. 3. P.288.

[6] Rivale P. Les collections ethnographiques dAmrique du Nord en France dans la seconde moiti du XVIII si?cle // Les Indiens des for?ts et des prairies dAmrique du Nord. Premi?res Nations, Collections royales. Sous la direction de Christian Feest. Muse du Quai Branly, 2007. Pp. 5966.

[7] Petitot E. Quinze ans sous le cercle polaire. Mackenzie, Anderson, Yukon. Paris: 1889.

[8] Petitot E. Autour du Grand Lac des Esclaves. Paris: 1891.

[9] RogersE.S.The Mistassini Cree // Ed.M.G.Bicchieri. Hunters and Gatherers Today, New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1972. Pp. 90137.

[10] Rousseau J. ? travers lUngava // Mmoires du Jardin Botanique de Montral. Montral: 1949. N. 4. P. 81131

[11] Rousseau J. LIndien de la for?t borale, lment de la formation cologique // Studia varia. Socit Royale du Canada. Ottawa: 1957. Pp. 3751.

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[13] ThwaitesR.G.ed.The Jesuit Relations and allied documents. Travels and explorations the Jesuit Missionaries inNew France. 16101791. New-York: Pageant Book, 1959. Vol. 6. P.294.

[14] Turner L. Ethnology ofthe Ungava District, Hudson Bay Territory. (Ed. originale 1894. Eleventh Report ofthe Bureau ofEthnology 188990. Washington, Smithsonian Institution). Qubec: 1979.

[15]   .  2009.

[16] ..   ( ). .: , 1991.




   -  



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Ѡ  -   .     ,            .     .  ,         ,  XVII . [8, p. 92] ,  .         .   ,     ,   .       .  1830- .    ,         .      ,     ,    .   堖  .       ,          .    ,     ,   .                      ࠖ ,  .






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   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/pages/biblio_book/?art=49602626)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


  (Antoine-Simon Le Page du Pratz, 1695? 1775) ,  .    17201728.




2


 ( nixtli () tamalli ()  )   .           80


,   1618.         [3].




3


  




4


Ѡ1990- .       頖 .




5


   .


