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 2005 by Thomas E. Woods, Jr.

  ͻ, 2010




 


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 2009.




 1

 


     ,     , -        ,   .     .               .       ,   ;       .       ,   .      ,         ,   , , ,   ,    ,  .      ,         .  ,  ,   .

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      ,       .     ,         ,     ,            . ,  ,   , ,    ,      ,      .

          ,         . , ,     ,    ,            ,     .      ,        [1 - ., .: Henry Kamen, The Spanish Inquisition: A Historical Revision (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999); Edward M. Peters, Inquisition (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989).].

  ,        ,       (            ). ,        ,    .       ,  ,          .               ,          ,          ,    (          )      .      ,     :     ,           .

          .        2001          (Christopher Knight and Robert Lomas, Second Messiah).              ,    .                     .  ,  :      ,    ,         .      ,   -     [2 - Christopher Knight and Robert Lomas, Second Messiah (Gloucester, Mass.: Fair Winds Press, 2001), 70.]. ,  :          ,       [3 - Ibid., 71.].

     ,          ,         ,   .        ,     .               ,        . ,        :              ,       ,        ,      ,    .

      ,                   .   ,  ,          .      ,       ,          ,    ,    ,      .

      ,      (A. C. Crombie),   (David Lindberg),   (Edward Grant),   (Stanley Jaki),   (Thomas Goldstein)    (J. L. Heilbron),   ,       .      ,      ;     ,     .     .   ( ), ,   .    .  . ,      ,   , .  .         .      ,      .

   .       -,    ,  35  ,           .           :    ,               , -     ,    ,    ,    ,    ,  [4 - J.L. Heilbron, The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar Observatories (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1999), 3.].                .

               .  ,          ,       .     ,      .           ,        .     ,      ,      ,         ,   ,      . .  [  ]   .  -    [5 - Reginald Gregoire, Leo Moulin, and Raymond Oursel, The Monastic Realm (New York: Rizzoli, 1985), 277.].

   ,      ,         XVIIXVIII .            XVI ;      ,    .          ,                    .            .

             .         .   ,      , ,  ,    ,          ,           .     :     ,     .   ,  ,            ,     [6 - Harold J. Berman, The Interaction of Law and Religion (Nashville, Tenn.: Abingdon Press, 1974), 59.].

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  ,      ,         ,        .          ,         ,       ,   .        ,     ,     ,      -  ,   .         XIX    ,          ,                     .

                   ,    .        ,        ,          .       ,       ,      .     ,     .   ,            ,        ,   .              ,        .                ;            .     .      .




 2

  



      ,     .       .    ,                 VIIIX .

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  II    ,        (V?lkerwanderungen)      ,      .  ,                ,         .           .

             . ,           V ,      .            ;       .    [] ,      410 ,         ,       [8 - Henri Daniel-Rops, The Church in the Dark Ages, trans. Audrey Butler (London: J. M. Dent & Sons, 1959), 59.].          376 ,      .  378     ,          .     .

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,   ,    ,       .      ,      (,    );       .     ,         ,      ,      .   481     ,     . .  ( )         ,       :    .      . ,       ,    .

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 ,      .    ,         ; ,    ,      .      :     ,    ,     [11 - Gustav Schnurer, Church and Culture in the Middle Ages, vol. 1, trans. George J. Undreiner (Paterson, Nj: Saint Anthony Guild Press, 1956), 285.].  VII          ,          .

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     .          ,           .  VIII               ,       732 ,         ( ),      .

     .      ,     -. -       ,   ,             .   VIII  ,     ,    .  ,    751 ,     I ,  ,  ,   ,  ,  ,  ,   . ,   ,    , ,         .   ,   ,       ,         .

                     .          .       (768814), ,   . (     ,        ,      ,  , ,   .)     ,        ,            .   ,     ,          .    :     , , ,      ,      ,         ,     [12 - Joseph H. Lynch, The Medieval Church: A Brief History (London: Longman, 1992), 89.].

    ,       ,     .             (814840). ,               , ,       .       ,      .   .  781 ,     ,        ,        .         ,     ;     ,       .         ,      VIVII ,     .             ,     .        ,  ,  IX   ,       .   :       ,              ,      ,          ,     ,          ,    VIII [13 - Ibid., 95; Kenneth Clark, Civilisation: A Personal View (New York: HarperPerennial, 1969), 18.].

           :  , ,      ,   .         ,         .         .

         ,    .           ,       ,        ,   [14 - Lynch, 95.].    ,      ,        ;     ,      .

         ,       . .           .    ,               .    ,         ,  ,        ,             [15 - L. D. Reynolds and N. G. Wilson, Scribes and Scholars: A Guide to the Transmission of Greek and Latin Literature, 3rd ed. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991), 95.].   :       ,    ,          [16 - Philippe Wolff, The Awakening of Europe (New York: Penguin Books, 1968), 57.].   ,   ,         .

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    ,     ,     ;     ,   ,    ,  .      ,            :         ,     , !  ,   ,   ,    .        ,  , ,    ,      ;               [17 - Ibid., 77.].

       IXX ,    ,   .           ,          .             .    , , ,      ,      ,     -;       ,        ,  ;          ,        .        ,  ,  ;      ,     ,     ,    (    ),   [18 - David Knowles, The Evolution of Medieval Thought, 2nd ed. (London: Longman, 1988), 69.].

           .       ,      (798)     (813)   (816)[19 - Wolff, 4849.].   ,  ,     ,     :        .             ,        ,    ,               [20 - Knowles, 66.].

       ,    .    IV  V     :  , , .  IXX       :      ,    . ( ,     ,    ,          ,     .)      , , ,            [21 - Wolff, 153ff.].      ,         .    :    ,     , ,    ,   [22 - Andrew Fleming West, Alcuin and the Rise of the Christian Schools (New York: Charles Scribners Sons, 1892), 179.].

     ,           :        ,         ,   ,    , -,   .       ,     ,   ,           [23 - Christopher Dawson, Religion and the Rise of Western Culture (New York: Image Books, 1991 [1950]), 66.].

    ,      ,       .        ,    ,      ,   .       ,   ,      ,     ,         ,   .    .                   ,     ,                [24 - Ibid.].

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 :    ,  ,     [25 - Daniel-Rops, 538.].              .  :   ,     ,   . ,    [] ,  [26 - Wolff, 183.].

 997       III     .     ,      .  ,   .     .     .         .           ,       .  , ,   ,    .       .      :        ,         - . ,  ,   [27 - Ibid., 177178.].

      ,         ,   ,         .         .         .     ,        ,      .




 3

   



       .            ,        .        ,     :    ,     .  ,   ,    .

      III .     -,   ,        [28 - Philip Hughes, A History of the Church, vol. 1, rev. ed. (London: Sheed and Ward, 1948), 138139.].   .

       .         ( ),      III   IV .        .  ,   ,       ,       .

    ,     ,           .         - .        ,         ,   .             .   ,       , :      ,     ,              ,   ,       [29 - Ibid., 140.].

,   ,    ,             ,     .      ,       .     ,      .            V.

      ,      .   ,  ,        ,  ,    .          .  . .   12     60   ,  ,     ,   80       -,    .    529      . ,         .

  .       ,       ,    ,       .     ,     (,   ,         ),      ,         (        ).   -     ,      .




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notes








1


., .: Henry Kamen, The Spanish Inquisition: A Historical Revision (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999); Edward M. Peters, Inquisition (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989).




2


Christopher Knight and Robert Lomas, Second Messiah (Gloucester, Mass.: Fair Winds Press, 2001), 70.




3


Ibid., 71.




4


J.L. Heilbron, The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar Observatories (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1999), 3.




5


Reginald Gregoire, Leo Moulin, and Raymond Oursel, The Monastic Realm (New York: Rizzoli, 1985), 277.




6


Harold J. Berman, The Interaction of Law and Religion (Nashville, Tenn.: Abingdon Press, 1974), 59.




7


Will Durant, Caesar and Christ (New York: MJF Books, 1950), 79.




8


Henri Daniel-Rops, The Church in the Dark Ages, trans. Audrey Butler (London: J. M. Dent & Sons, 1959), 59.




9


J. N. Hillgarth, ed., Christianity and Paganism, 350750: The Conversion of Western Europe (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1986), 69.




10


Ibid., 70.




11


Gustav Schnurer, Church and Culture in the Middle Ages, vol. 1, trans. George J. Undreiner (Paterson, Nj: Saint Anthony Guild Press, 1956), 285.




12


Joseph H. Lynch, The Medieval Church: A Brief History (London: Longman, 1992), 89.




13


Ibid., 95; Kenneth Clark, Civilisation: A Personal View (New York: HarperPerennial, 1969), 18.




14


Lynch, 95.




15


L. D. Reynolds and N. G. Wilson, Scribes and Scholars: A Guide to the Transmission of Greek and Latin Literature, 3rd ed. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991), 95.




16


Philippe Wolff, The Awakening of Europe (New York: Penguin Books, 1968), 57.




17


Ibid., 77.




18


David Knowles, The Evolution of Medieval Thought, 2nd ed. (London: Longman, 1988), 69.




19


Wolff, 4849.




20


Knowles, 66.




21


Wolff, 153ff.




22


Andrew Fleming West, Alcuin and the Rise of the Christian Schools (New York: Charles Scribners Sons, 1892), 179.




23


Christopher Dawson, Religion and the Rise of Western Culture (New York: Image Books, 1991 [1950]), 66.




24


Ibid.




25


Daniel-Rops, 538.




26


Wolff, 183.




27


Ibid., 177178.




28


Philip Hughes, A History of the Church, vol. 1, rev. ed. (London: Sheed and Ward, 1948), 138139.




29


Ibid., 140.


