  .         
 -


-            $1  20䠖          2018.       ,          .

 -,     -,                 ,         ,         ,   .

   -                    ,   .        ,  젖 .





 -

  .         



 . 

 . 

  . 

  . 

 . , . 

  . 

  . 



Antonio Nieto-Rodriguez, 2019

   , , .   , 2021



  .           () .  ,  ,   ,  ,   ,          .  ,   ,     ,  ,          ,      ,   ,       .

,      ,  ,   ,        () ,        ,    .


?




1.:  

   :    ,      ,        .     !














, 5 2010., 14:00,  , [1 -     ,      .]


 ,   ,      .       -. ,   .     -            ,     .      .  ,    ,  ,   33     700          .   .

             ,       ,     .       (    2010.),    500 .         .           ,   . 7 2010.,  130       ,         ,   45    .     ,   ,    ,      ,   .       ,   .  ,     .  ,         .

 ,       ,      .      ?     ,     蠖   .        .    ,  .         ,       ?      !




, 7 2010., 15:00, , 


   , ,      ,     ,             ,       .                .        .       -,     .

  , 7 2010.,        ,      . ,     , ,        .         .              .       ,     .

    ,        .   ,     ?  ,     2010.:     ,         ,   , ,   .   ,         ,     ,  -  .    ,  ,   ,          ,   . ,  ,  ,      .        , ,      ,     .      젖 ,      ,  ,     . (  ,      !)

,       .      ,    ,  .    ,       ,     -   .           ,        .         ,      ,      .       ,   ,        .     .   ,     .     ,   ,       .       .




, 7 2010., 8:00, , 


    ظ,  18  -   ,   ,          -.           .   ,     ,     ,       .   , 30 2011.,    .  ,   ,      ,           .

?      .     ࠖ          45   .     ظ           .

   .  -       15.     2006.,  ,     .     ,     ,  , -      .  ,             ,      .                 ,            [2 - How Berlins Futuristic Airport Became a $6 Billion Embarrassment (Bloomberg Businessweek), last modified 23 July 2015, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2015-07-23/how-berlin-s-futuristic-airport-became-a-6-billion-embarrassment (https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2015-07-23/how-berlin-s-futuristic-airport-became-a-6-billion-embarrassment).].     ,       ,         ,   -.

     2010.   ,         ,        ,       ,     .     ,   .                3 2012.

    ,     , ,      ,   ,   :       .

     ,     ,     .   2018.,          (30 2011.),    -   [3 - Last modified 22 November 2015, https://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/spiegel-investigation-how-the-new-berlin-airport-project-fell-apart-a-868283.html (https://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/spiegel-investigation-how-the-new-berlin-airport-project-fell-apart-a-868283.html).],      ,    .     2020.,     7,9      5,4.           蠖  21,     2,   ,      865,        ,    .




, 7 2010., 15:00,  , 


                -.    ,     .         -.                ,    .    ,   ,         33            .        ,  ,        .

                 .   700    -.      ,   .         ,           .         .     .         .       .

       ,      .       .

         ,   ,    .     ; ,    ENAP        ,      .

   17         ,    .     ,      .  -   ,         .

   , 22,  5:00    ,   ,       .   ,   ,     .             :  ,  ,  33.

 , 13 2010.,  70  ,   ,  ,       700   ,     NASA.    ,       33 ,   ,   蠖     ,    .

             .       ,      ,           2009.

   ,                 -㠖   ,         .    ,   :       .         ,    .   .   .   .




 


 ,     ,   ,       .

,                            . ,  20 , : 92%   ,    [4 - Rwanda Reconciliation Barometer (Republic of Rwanda, 2015), accessed 6 October 2018, https://nurc.gov.rw/fileadmin/Documents/Others/Rwanda_Reconciliation_Barometer_2015.pdf (https://nurc.gov.rw/fileadmin/Documents/Others/Rwanda_Reconciliation_Barometer_2015.pdf).]. -                       (56%).

    ,    .  1961.     ,    ࠖ      .  -   [5 -      -   19591990.]   ,     ,   ,      .     ,    ,        .     ,      ,              .          .

 ,    ,   ,     ;     ,           ;  ,                .

        2002.        3 1967.

      ,  ,  :           1960- .;  -777,     ;   2005.  Purple 2,      iPhone     .

,    ,     ⠖ ,           - .

,      .          .    ,   ,  ,   ,   ࠖ      .    ⠖      ,               .

  .    .

       ,          ,      .     ,     . ,  ,            ,   ,  ,  .

     (Project Management Institute, PMI) 2017.,        66  88 (  2027.).  ,   ,      $20 (  2027.)[6 - Project Management Job Growth and Talent Gap Report 2017-2027 (Project Management Institute, 2017), accessed 1 October 2018, https://www.pmi.org/-/media/pmi/documents/public/pdf/learning/job-growth-report.pdf (https://www.pmi.org/-/media/pmi/documents/public/pdf/learning/job-growth-report.pdf).].    ,      .

  .  1   ,   . ,    - Google Ngram Viewer[7 - Google Books Ngram Viewer, https://books.google.com/ngrams (https://books.google.com/ngrams).], ,     project ()         19002000.           ,   strategy (), operations (), sales (), leadership (), marketing (), innovation ()  talent ().    ,     .








       ,      ,     .             .            .  ,              .    ,   ,   蠖  2018.   Quartz at Work     ,   ,  2020.[8 - The Number of Americans Working for Themselves could Triple by 2020 (Quartz at Work), last modified 21 February 2018, https://work.qz.com/1211533/the-number-of-americans-working-for-themselves-could-triple-by-2020 (https://work.qz.com/1211533/the-number-of-americans-working-for-themselves-could-triple-by-2020).]  ,   蠖   .




 


    ,    .

  2016.            (PMIAA)[9 - US Senate Unanimously Approves the Program Management Improvement and Accountability Act (Project Management Institute), last modified 1 December 2016, https://www.pmi.org/about/press-media/press-releases/senate-program-management-act (https://www.pmi.org/about/press-media/press-releases/senate-program-management-act).],               . PMIAA       :

?               ;

?         ;

? ,             ;        ,         ;

?            .

6 2017.     (APM)    [10 - APM Receives Its Royal Charter (Association for Project Management), last modified 6 January 2017, https://www.apm.org.uk/news/apm-receives-its-royal-charter (https://www.apm.org.uk/news/apm-receives-its-royal-charter).]       .  APM    ,           :              .

       ,    .      IBM :          ,      .  !     .

Richards Group         $1,28,  $170   650 .  ,     ,       ,     [11 - Stan Richardss Unique Management Style (Inc.), accessed 1 October 2018, https://www.inc.com/magazine/201111/stan-richards-unique-management-style.html (https://www.inc.com/magazine/201111/stan-richards-unique-management-style.html).].

 : 2016. Nike     -         ,      ( EMEA).      ,        .   ,       :  .  ,  Nike        .                    . Nike  堖     ,   ,   UPS, Amazon   .




   


          ,       ,   .         ,       :       .    ,      .

?.            ,  .         ,      .                 .          ?

?.           :      XX.       ,   - ,  ,            .            ,     ,    ,    ,       ,   .        ?

? .            .              .            ,     ,       ,        ,         .       ,     ,      :             .          ,       ?

?.   ,      ,           .         蠖  2012.            ,         .   ,        .         ,   蠖   ,                .     ?

?    .            .     ,     ,            .        .  ,     , ,     ,   .         ,         .          .    -    ,      ?

  ,  2025.              60%    :  ,  ,  .     ,      !

            .  , ,  40%     ,      [12 - . https://www.gpm-ipma.de/know_how/studienergebnisse/makrooekonomische_vermessung_der_projekttaetigkeit_in_deutschland.html (https://www.gpm-ipma.de/know_how/studienergebnisse/makrooekonomische_vermessung_der_projekttaetigkeit_in_deutschland.html).].        .           [13 - Atif Ansar, Bent Flyvbjerg, Alexander Budzier and Daniel Lunn, Does Infrastructure Investment Lead to Economic Growth or Economic Fragility? Evidence from China, Oxford Review of Economic Policy 32 (2016).],          .    -  .  ,     ,    .

    ,      .  ,      .       .    ,   ,    ,   , ,    ,     . , ,       ⠖              .        ,    .    ,   ,   ,   .




 


     蠖     ,        - .       ,       ,       1994.,    Project Canvas ( ).      , ,   .

      ,     ,  ,          .

     ,      :

? :      ,     ,       ;

? : ,     ,         ;

? ,   :      (   , , ,  ,  , ,  젖 , ,    ,  , );

? : , ,    (  ),    .

        5.

,      .




2.    

    .         ?












 25       ,      .      ,   ,        ,        .

     -  Unisys,     .      :   ,        .         堖     (SSC)  ,    .                   .   ,          .

        ,     ,     - ,      .    ,   :        .       .  SSC      , , ,    .

    ,    :        ,    .   ,    ,        .         ,          (The Focused Organization)[14 - Antonio Nieto-Rodriguez, The Focused Organization: How Concentrating on a Few Key Initiatives Can Dramatically Improve Strategy Execution (Abingdon: Routledge, 2016).].      ,  [15 - Organisational Ambidexterity: Understanding an Ambidextrous Organisation Is One Thing, Making It a Reality Is Another (London Business School), last modified 1 October 2014, https://www.london.edu/faculty-and-research/lbsr/organisational-ambidexterity (https://www.london.edu/faculty-and-research/lbsr/organisational-ambidexterity).].

     Unisys     Price Waterhouse (PW)    .           ,  PW    :      (SAP ERP)        .        :   SAP,    30.       ,     .     ,      ,        ,    PW    .  ,      ,       .          ,       .         .      : -          , ,  .

      :       ,  頖      2000. -  .     ,     ,           -.      ,  ,   .        ,      .       ,          .          .      , 蠖    堖     .

   PW,       ,     Coopers & Lybrand.     PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC),         .

   ,      .    .     ,     .  ,    ,  ,      ,   .

堖     ,       ,      ,      .     ,     .         ,      .   ,           (M&A),       ,     .     ,      .  堖  ,    .                .   Harvard Business Review  KMPG,    M&A  8390%[16 - How to Prevent M&A Failure (Investment Bank), accessed 1 October 2018, https://investmentbank.com/merger-acquisition-failure-2 (https://investmentbank.com/merger-acquisition-failure-2).].

  PW  Coopers & Lybrand   ,        .    ,     ,  ,      .        ,           : PW   ,   ,  oopers ,  .      :        ,   .       ,         .    ,      ,   .

      PwC      ,      .  ,     젖  ,      .        ,    .  2003.     .              .

    ,            . 頖 ,        .   64    200 .             [17 - Antonio Nieto-Rodriguez, Boosting Business Performance through Programme and Project Management (white paper, PricewaterhouseCoopers, 2004).]      .    ,        .      PwC      .

                 ,   !      ,        ,    젖    .        :        ,    .   ,   - ,     .   ,          $1    ,           .

   ,   -   :        PwC.  ,  ,   ,           .            ,  ,      .     8:46    PwC,         : ,      ,    ! ,  ,      .  ,     ,    .    ,        .   :    , ,  !

  2006.,      .        ,    , ,  ,    ,         蠖 ?         :  ,           ?

           ,                .

 ,     ,        ,          :

?-,   ,    ,            ;

?-,               ,     .      .

 2007.  Fortis      ,    .     ,    ,     .       Fortis,   20-     [18 - Fortune Global 500 (CNN Money), accessed 1 October 2018, http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/global500/2007/snapshots/7694.html (http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/global500/2007/snapshots/7694.html).].    - ,     2004.,  :    Fortis      .

       蠖  .      .           -,  , , ,  , ,   .   100  ,           .    ,  ,        ,    ,   :




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/pages/biblio_book/?art=63352568)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


    ,      .




2


How Berlins Futuristic Airport Became a $6 Billion Embarrassment (Bloomberg Businessweek), last modified 23 July 2015, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2015-07-23/how-berlin-s-futuristic-airport-became-a-6-billion-embarrassment (https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2015-07-23/how-berlin-s-futuristic-airport-became-a-6-billion-embarrassment).




3


Last modified 22 November 2015, https://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/spiegel-investigation-how-the-new-berlin-airport-project-fell-apart-a-868283.html (https://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/spiegel-investigation-how-the-new-berlin-airport-project-fell-apart-a-868283.html).




4


Rwanda Reconciliation Barometer (Republic of Rwanda, 2015), accessed 6 October 2018, https://nurc.gov.rw/fileadmin/Documents/Others/Rwanda_Reconciliation_Barometer_2015.pdf (https://nurc.gov.rw/fileadmin/Documents/Others/Rwanda_Reconciliation_Barometer_2015.pdf).




5


     -   19591990.




6


Project Management Job Growth and Talent Gap Report 2017-2027 (Project Management Institute, 2017), accessed 1 October 2018, https://www.pmi.org/-/media/pmi/documents/public/pdf/learning/job-growth-report.pdf (https://www.pmi.org/-/media/pmi/documents/public/pdf/learning/job-growth-report.pdf).




7


Google Books Ngram Viewer, https://books.google.com/ngrams (https://books.google.com/ngrams).




8


The Number of Americans Working for Themselves could Triple by 2020 (Quartz at Work), last modified 21 February 2018, https://work.qz.com/1211533/the-number-of-americans-working-for-themselves-could-triple-by-2020 (https://work.qz.com/1211533/the-number-of-americans-working-for-themselves-could-triple-by-2020).




9


US Senate Unanimously Approves the Program Management Improvement and Accountability Act (Project Management Institute), last modified 1 December 2016, https://www.pmi.org/about/press-media/press-releases/senate-program-management-act (https://www.pmi.org/about/press-media/press-releases/senate-program-management-act).




10


APM Receives Its Royal Charter (Association for Project Management), last modified 6 January 2017, https://www.apm.org.uk/news/apm-receives-its-royal-charter (https://www.apm.org.uk/news/apm-receives-its-royal-charter).




11


Stan Richardss Unique Management Style (Inc.), accessed 1 October 2018, https://www.inc.com/magazine/201111/stan-richards-unique-management-style.html (https://www.inc.com/magazine/201111/stan-richards-unique-management-style.html).




12


. https://www.gpm-ipma.de/know_how/studienergebnisse/makrooekonomische_vermessung_der_projekttaetigkeit_in_deutschland.html (https://www.gpm-ipma.de/know_how/studienergebnisse/makrooekonomische_vermessung_der_projekttaetigkeit_in_deutschland.html).




13


Atif Ansar, Bent Flyvbjerg, Alexander Budzier and Daniel Lunn, Does Infrastructure Investment Lead to Economic Growth or Economic Fragility? Evidence from China, Oxford Review of Economic Policy 32 (2016).




14


Antonio Nieto-Rodriguez, The Focused Organization: How Concentrating on a Few Key Initiatives Can Dramatically Improve Strategy Execution (Abingdon: Routledge, 2016).




15


Organisational Ambidexterity: Understanding an Ambidextrous Organisation Is One Thing, Making It a Reality Is Another (London Business School), last modified 1 October 2014, https://www.london.edu/faculty-and-research/lbsr/organisational-ambidexterity (https://www.london.edu/faculty-and-research/lbsr/organisational-ambidexterity).




16


How to Prevent M&A Failure (Investment Bank), accessed 1 October 2018, https://investmentbank.com/merger-acquisition-failure-2 (https://investmentbank.com/merger-acquisition-failure-2).




17


Antonio Nieto-Rodriguez, Boosting Business Performance through Programme and Project Management (white paper, PricewaterhouseCoopers, 2004).




18


Fortune Global 500 (CNN Money), accessed 1 October 2018, http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/global500/2007/snapshots/7694.html (http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/global500/2007/snapshots/7694.html).


