 - (   )
  


          ,       ,       ,         .  ,           .




:

    

(.    ,  .. );



         . . ,

  ,  .. ;



  -   ,    .. 



       https://www.canva.com/   CC0.







          -    ,   ,    ()     ,     ()    ,    ,  ,      .    - ,           .

      -           ,       ,          .

      ,     .     ,       .   ,    80 ,    -   ,   ,      ,            .

 ,   ,        .

    ,       ,    ,     ,       .            .       .          ,     .   ,     ,         .      ,   (  )   ,   ,    .

                             .     ,  ,      ,         .       [1 - . : ..        . , 2017 .,  5 . 97-104].

         ,  .     ,  ,   :  (    ),   (   ).  ,      ( -) ,       .   ,    ,    ,      ..

:   .  :   ,  .   .   -   ..  () ,       [2 -  ..   : , , . .:: : , 1994. 560 .].        ?!  ,         .

    .           () ,         ,       ,   .   ,   ,   :      ,    ,    ,        -   .        (   --)     ( - ).

               (     -,   -  ).          ,             ,           .     ,        [3 - . : ..    -  /          . : -  , 2017 . . 607-608].

   ,    ,           .




  


  , ,     (      )  . ,  20     - (  . ).      7-     .






 1.    .   ,     



    ,       -,      

       -   ,   .






.2.   .    .



    ,   ,    .     ,  .    -          ,  ,  ,   ,   ,     .

 ,  -,  , ,  1-   ,             ,    .              -  ,        .    ,       .

         ,    ,   ,     ,   , ,   ,               ,  .      .  :

      .       .     ,  ,    .    ,     .      ,       .  ,   ,     .    ,     10          .   !      ,     ,        .           .

    ,     ,         .  ,      ,         .       ,     .     . ,  

       .     .      .        .   ,      -  .         .          .

        ?       .        ,         .     .     ,              ,    . , !    ,       .    ,   !  .     ,    ,           ,   - .        .   ,    ,      

        . -  ,        ,    .   ,   ,       .  ,    ,      .   ,        .        .      ,      :  , ,    !

  .    ,    .       .  ,    ,     ,   .     . ,   ,        .         .

         .          

  ,      ,   ,       .    1947 ,          .         ,    ,   .    ,       .         ,    .          .   !

7-   ,        .      ,  .         . ,         ,  ,        ,    ,  ,    .         .      ,     .. .         (,  ,    )          .

      , ,   ,     ,            .                  .           .    ..   , .. - ,    ..    ,      .

        2,       2-    ().       ,   ,        .

           (    :   ).     .         .. ,      ,     .    ,  ,      

        .. ,                   .   .

     ,    ,   .           .    .     , ,  -         .            .

          .     .. .          .  ,      ,         .   , ,     .

     ,   ,  ,       ,            .. .         .                 -     -  (19441949 .).      ,              .           Daily Worker.          X.     ?      .      ,    ,        ,       . ,    ,             ,          ,        ,      .        ,         ,    .

              50 .     ,  ,   .

   1960- .          .     :             (,  ,    ..). ,         ,      ,        ,      .        ,    .           .

     ,     .          ,     ,        .            ,     .

              :        ,      .           ,   ,     .       ,       .        .             .  ,     ,         .           (),           ().

 ,            .   ,     ,      . ,   ,     ,    .    .  ,   ,    .  ,        :     ,  ,      .   ,            ,      .







,  

     



  



 :

9  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/9_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8F)1935 (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1935_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4) (82 )



 :

 (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD)),   (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD),   (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C),   (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0),  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0)



:





 :

  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8),  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F),   (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)



- (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0-%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80):

   (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82)



 :

   (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA)



 :

 (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%80)



 :

,   (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9,_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%90%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87)



      (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F),    (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%91%D0%93%D0%A3) (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82).



1  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87)

2   (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87)

3  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87)

4   (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87)

5  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87)



 9  1935 . .       .  1958 .         "".       (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82) (1962-1966).        . .  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9,_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%90%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87)  . .  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD,_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87).  1968 .         1921-1925 ..  1988 .           (1921- 1941).  (1991).  1992 .           (http://www.hist.bsu.by/kafedry/kafedra-istochnikovedeniya.html).   200  ,     .     11  .

 

 ,   (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8),  ,  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F).



        (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C) (2001),  -            .

 

        . : . , 1971. 39 .

     (1921-1937). : . , 1978. 128 .

     (1917-1971). : - , 1973. 350 .

   (  ). : , 2000. 233 .

-   .     .  2- . ( , ,     : , ;    -       /  ). :  , 2000. 244 .

    /     y ii. . 2. : , 2001. .1927.

 i //  ii i (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/be:%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%96_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%96). . 6, . 1. , 2001.

Zur Frage nach dem Stand der belarussischen Historiografie. Probleme. Theorien. Genres // Internationale Schulbuchforschung. Vol 23 (2001,  1). S. 4354. (https://www.jstor.org/stable/43057222)

 :    .               . / . . .   . ( ). : , 2002. 291 .

 :     .             -         : , 2003. 143 .

XXI :    .    ,  70-   . (,         ,   i 1917 : i i  y). : , 2004. 343 .

       :     ( ,  . .). -:  , 2005. 144 .

   . 1918 1945 . .   9- . ( ). : .  , 2005. 191 .

 i. 19171945 . . .  9- . (y y, y ..) i: .  . 2005. 216 .

  .                /    . .  (). :  , 2006. 352 .

iy i  i i: . . . 3. i: , 2007. (, ,     :  XX .). 245 .

 . .       :  ..    ;      .    . . III. : , 2008. . 164167, 363365.  .  . : . , 2010. 207 . (http://elib.bsu.by/bitstream/123456789/4111/1/Sidorcov.pdf)

  XX :    ( , . . , . . , . . ). :  , 2010. 270 .

  :      / . . , . . . : .  , 2013. 192 .

     / ..  // i  ii i: , i, . i, 2018. . 148-156.



y, .. i  ii ii / . . y // ii. 2015, 19, . 3.

, . .     XXI : . . :  , 2007. 470 .

yi ., iiy . iy ii ii. //  ii i (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/be:%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%96_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%96): 6 . /. .; .: . . y (y .). i: , 1993-2003. . 6. . 1:   . 2001. C. 297.

iy i  i i: . .,  70-   iy i   . . i. . 3. .: . . iy, . . i (. ). i: , 2007. 245 . (http://hist.bsu.by/nauka/izdaniya-fakulteta/istochnikovedenie-i-spetsialnye-istoricheskie-distsipliny/3-vypusk.html)



1. ,    








               1958 . ,   5-    ,               Ѕ           .     ,    -  7  1945 .       . ,  ,      ,       .     ,      ,   .   ,      ,  ,       .   [4 - : , ..  :  . : , 2010.  161].



2 .    ( 1960., . ).



     .       ,   ,      .  .     ,    (   ),   ,      ,    ,      .








        .



2.   



     .       .        ,     .

    ,     ,      .      . .    .         . . , ,    ,             ,     ,    .            19211925 ..      ,     , . .     .

     ,              .        .                       -  ( ),     100-  .   :      ,            ,  ,     .          ,      .                                  .             .

             .              (  122- ),             -  ( ,       100- ).

  :      ,            ,  ,     .          ,      .        .                .           .             .

    ,         .        (-11)            ,       .            .     ,       .        ,              .

                 . . .       .       ,      .                 .       , , ,     , ,     ,       ,    ,      .

,            . , ,         ,   .          [2].      .

                ,      .      .. ,  -      .         .

       ..    .       , . .       .     ,         ,       .         ,     (         )     (   ),   ,  ,  .    ,   , .         . . ,           .   . .         ,       ,     ,   ,    .     ,       ,                 .

    .   ,      .         80 %.       :            (    );        (    );      (    ,   ,    ).

           .         .                      ( ,  . . ).      .         .

     ,   ,      .       ,    ,     ,            .

   .    .       ,   .          .

      ..     .       ,    19171918 .        .   : ,   .                  .

!        ,     .     ,         ,    .    .

    ,      .. ,      .. ,    .. ,     ,  . (,  ,  ,    )

    () ,        .     ,         .. ,       ӻ   :       .        .




2.     . 

  .. [5 - .. ,     . . . .  III,  3, 1974 . 82-83.].



.. .      (19171971). , - , 1973.



      ,  -,          .

               ,       . ,  ,    .     ,      ,    .          .         ,    ,    -,      ,  .

       . . ,       ,    ,       .

       .         ,         ,      .   ,   . ,         ,        ,      .

 ,                    .       ,    .

             .        ,   , . .                ,    .

  3     .       ,    ,      .

   л          .      ,         ,       .

         .    л.       , , ,    1  ,   ,    .          ,     ,     .                 .

  , ,        6          ,           ,      ,         .

        ,          ,     ,    .   ,              ,        ,    .          ,         л,   ,  - ,       .

        .              ,    XXIV  ,    ,               .

   ,        ,   ,    .       .

 ,     .        ,   ,     ,            !,      ,    .

    ,      .  ,  . 6       ,              .         , ,    ,     ,    ,    . .       -    . . 50          .     -           . 6      ()     29  1941.                 ,       XXIII  XXIV  .

   ,      . ,       ,   ,        ,    .



3        1921 1925 .[6 - ,..       19211925 ./..//     ; ..., . . . :  ,1968..316.]



 1968                 1921-25 ..  ,     ,  ,    ,      ,     ,      ,        .                 .   ,        ,          .


* * *

 1921 .        .     ,        .      , ,  .    ,         .       .

    .  ,     ,      ,   ,    1921 .  20%  ,         4%   .    ,      ,     ,      ,   .

          ,   .        ,      ,           ,        .

           .          ,    , ; .   1921 .        .       ,  ,       .  ,  ,          ,                  .

       ,  . .    X   (),      ,       ,  .               ,   .        .

     ,  VIII   (), . .     .  ,  ,  , -,  ,           , -,  ,     ,    ,    ,   , , -,  ,      ,               .    ,   . . ,     ,   ,       ,   ,  ,        ,            ,     .

         .     - ,         ,    .

            ,        .        ,          .

VIII   ,      ,      ,        ,       ,     .              ,      , ,  ,     .                 10  1921.

            11  1921 .            .   ( 1921 .)       ̻.

  ()   1921 .           . . .         ;             .         ,             .   .                       ʻ.X   ( 1921 .)       (   )       ,       .

  ,      ,    1921 .       154      .        57 ,      21,    30,     16         2 .     .

             ,    .          .      ,    , :        ,    ,   ,     .

            ,      .       ,     ,   ,       .           .

  -    1920 .  440        878 , 75,2% 1   .   1921 .  416          .         . ,   1921 .  629  214    .       201 .

,   ,         ,       . ,  25   6  1921 .   ,    ,  300  , , ,  .     300     .

        28  1921 .            .

  1921 .          ,    .      .   1922 .       ,     4- .      1922 .   23   12 ,   1922 .26,    1923 .8 ,   2   .        .

   .    1921 .   292    .       .     1922/23      114 ,  111,  227,   55 .  2805 ,    1923 ., 569             .  1924/25  1401   7351    .    (1922/23 1924/25 .)    13  ,    2200 (17%)    .

 1921 .       .            ,    ,    ,     ,    ,     ,      .      ,      .    67     1921  1925 .    .  19231925 .      2  .                   .

              .   1921 .            .   :      I     ,                       .        VIII           ,   ,     .

13  1921 .             , ,            . 14        .

         . 14  1921 .   , ,   ,              .         .         , ,        .   ,                .    1  1923 .  1  1924 .   10      14  20     41.

  1921 .    ,             .    :  ,  , , ,  ,    .  1922 .     :   .     -      (    )        .   ()        .   1922 .                 .      - ,               .     20  1923 ,                     .

  1923 .   . . , . , , . . , . . , . .             .   1922 .    1110 ,  53,3%   ,   1923 .1674 ,  97,9%.      ( )    ( , , ,  )             ,       .            ,      24  1923 .    ,    ,      , ,   ,       . ,         :       23,3% ,      ,           .

 1924 .         .         ,       .

XIII     1924 .,    ,      ,                ,      .  (1924)    ()    ,            .

      1924 .        32  ,      .           ,       .             ,       (, ),      .     ,  (  1924 .     )         .              , ,  ,     ,         ,   ,       ,         ,   ,      .








  1 ,   19241925,     .        1924 .   .       (    ,    ),                .    ,      ,           :            .            .             5  .

           ,      .                  ( 1922 .)  ,    ,          ,      ,             .  1923 .        ,    ;         ,   1:400.                ,     .   ,           .

    19211923 .   1621 .     ,       .      : 1921 .     36% ,  1922 .41,2,  1923 .54,9%.

  1925 .   .     58,4% ,  3,5% ,    .          ,      ,    , . - ,   ,       78,8.      ,             ,      ,          .

          (. 2).








   ,             1:4.       ,    ,       .  ,     19211923 .    2025%   ,         ,      .        VIII    10,2%.    X         30,5%.

   (. 3)    .                .        .  X                    .                   ,  ,   1/5     VIII    1/3   IX              








  X   .      ;   632 , 202    .    X   2/5       .  ,      19241925 .,                ,   , .

 ,  1921  1925 .   ,       ,      .           ,     ,       ,      .               ,    .  ,      1925 .   ,       ,         ,       .          .        ,        , . .        .



3.    



        ,        . ,        ,     .. , .., . .   ..    i     .     ;    .     -    .. .      .

         ,        ,   .        ..      . .      ,             .      .. . ,    :   ,                .

              - ,   ,     .     5       .

     .. .       ,       .      ,      .      ,  , ,    .    ,    .                (  i  )        .      ,  -1841   .               .         .    ,            IBM-286.     IBM-386  IBM-286       (        ).          .

       .       ,  ,    - IBM,     ,  .          .        ,   .. ,        .     ,   ,     .  !

,    ,    .. .     ,     ,              .  ,   .. ,       ,      IBM      .

 ,   , 90-                 ,      .  1992  1993        ˻ ( - ).          ,         .    ..,       .       .        .     .       .        (-  ),  .. .    ,      ,  ,      (  (   ):. / ..  [ .];  .  ..  ..:  , 1998. 316 .).    .

       1992-1993       .       Ը             . ,   ,             ,    ,     .           . ,      ,   .

 ,  ,     ,   . 5-       .. .          .

        25-,   .. .     ,      .    - ;       , ,     ,    (    ,        ).      .. ,     .      .. .    .. ,   .        ,   .    ,   ,        ,        .        ,    .      ,    .      .. ,    .

 ,     ..        ,      .          .     ,   ,              .

           (  )[7 - .  ..    (  )  2000 . 233 .] .      .             ,       ,            ,      .      (- , -, -, -,  ,  ).   -    ,  ,   , ,      .

           .      .











         :      (.. . : , 2003. 143 .),             -        .    :

 1       (- ),            .

 2      ( ,      ,   ,   ).

 3      ( ,  , -,  ).

        -.                 .




1  5     























2. 1.   








3  :     .   



   

   ,

     

  

   .

  



   ,



,  , 



  .

     ,



    ,



   



   .

  : 1) 

  ,

2)   ,

 ,    .

  



(     ) ,  ,



  .

3)    



    ,



    ,



    .

   



   ,



    



   .

          .

     "" ,   , .



   

   ,



   



  



   .

  ,



  ,  ,



  



  .

  



    



   



 .

    



  ,



,   



  .

  , ,



    ,



     



  .

    



  ,



 



  .

  



  ,



  



   .

     



   ,



  



  .

   



   ,



  



  



4   [8 -   :  ..,  ..   :      : .  , 2013. .9-28]



 (. apologia)   -  -,  , . . .        ,      ,  (   )         ,   ,    .



  ,         (.: , . .    -       (   . . ) / . .  // . 2012. 2. . 92-98.),       ,         -   .  ,        ,      ,      ,      ,  .  ,   , ,    -,   ,             ,      .         ,       ,  ,       ,     .

         . .            ,       4-        . ,   ,       ,         .        ,     -  .

    ,   ,      ,      ,   ,        , .       ,   ,   .           ,               .

   ,  ,      , -,      , -,       .       ,        .      - ?             ,          .

    . .      . .     -    .               ,    ,   ,  . . ,       ,     . . .

          ,      ( ,  ), . .       ,   - .

       :    (    - . .)  35  (. .)    ,          .            .       ,       -        .     ,   "   19801990- .   ,          ,       [9 - .: , . .    -       (   . . ) / . .  // . 2012.-2.-. 92-98.].   ,           :    ,  , ,       .  -    .

  , ,    , -,   -,      . ,    , ,                ,        ,      .

   , ,     .        ,        .    -       .        ,     ,           (  ).           :     ,  .

      (  ),       .         ,     .

         - .       (   )  ,         .

  . .  ,        ,           ,   ,       .   , ,     -      .                 -    ,    .

     , ,   ,   ,    -  ,    (  ,  , ),         , ,   ,   ,     .           ,   [10 - .: , . .  :   / . . . : , 2010. 207 .].

,      -     , , ,   . ,   ,   :

1)

  ,       ,        ,       

i



i

  

i



i

.

2)

            (1921   1941 .)    ..   ,       ,     ,   .            .     ,     .

3)

                    .   ,             .

     , ,  ,   . . ,   , .          .        9  2012 .   i y ii i: , i, .          ,  . .           [11 - .: , . .        / . . . : , 2006. 201 .].

 . .          ,            .      ,                .        ,         .              .           ,    -                .             ,          .




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/pages/biblio_book/?art=50633620)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


. : ..        . , 2017 .,  5 . 97-104




2


 ..   : , , . .:: : , 1994. 560 .




3


. : ..    -  /          . : -  , 2017 . . 607-608




4


: , ..  :  . : , 2010.  161




5


.. ,     . . . .  III,  3, 1974 . 82-83.




6


,..       19211925 ./..//     ; ..., . . . :  ,1968..316.




7


.  ..    (  )  2000 . 233 .




8


  :  ..,  ..   :      : .  , 2013. .9-28




9


.: , . .    -       (   . . ) / . .  // . 2012.-2.-. 92-98.




10


.: , . .  :   / . . . : , 2010. 207 .




11


.: , . .        / . . . : , 2006. 201 .


