   
 

 


 
  ࠖ  .  ,              . 50    ,    ,      Google, Facebook, Microsoft Amazon.

    .





 ,  

   

50   



  

John Wiley & Sons Limited (a company of John Wiley & Sons, Inc.)



  .

                    .



 2019 Bernard Marr All Rights Reserved. Authorised translation from the English language edition published by John Wiley & Sons Limited. Responsibility for the accuracy of the translation rests solely with Mann, Ivanov and Ferber and is not the responsibility of John Wiley & Sons Limited. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without the written permission of the original copyright holder, John Wiley & Sons Limited.

    ,    , .  ,  , 2020


* * *







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 ,    ,      Google, Facebook, Alibaba, Baidu, Microsoft, Amazon Tencent.    :       ,    ,       .        ,  .


  

Ƞ     ,   堖 .                 .

          .  2016,   ,         [1 - Preparing for the Future of Artificial Intelligence, Executive Office of the President, National Science and Technology Council, National Science and Technology Council Committee on Technology, October 2016: https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/whitehousefiles/microsites/ostp/NSTC/preparing_for_the_future_of_ai.pdf (https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/whitehousefiles/microsites/ostp/NSTC/preparing_for_the_future_of_ai.pdf)],       .  2018,    ,             [2 - Artificial Intelligence for the American People, The White House: https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/artificial-intelligence-american-people/ (https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/artificial-intelligence-american-people/)].   :       ,       ,            ,   .         ,     ,        [3 - Summary of the 2018 White House Summit on Artificial Intelligence for American Industry, The White House Office of Science and Technology Policy 10 May 2018: https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Summary-Report-of-White-House-AI-Summit.pdf (https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Summary-Report-of-White-House-AI-Summit.pdf)].

     :    ,    ,   . [] ,      ,   [4 - Whoever leads in AI will rule the world: Putin to Russian children on Knowledge Day: https://www.rt.com/news/401731-ai-rule-worldputin/ (https://www.rt.com/news/401731-ai-rule-worldputin/)].       2030       [5 - A Next Generation Artificial Intelligence Development Plan: http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/201707/20/content_5211996.htm (http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2017%E2%80%9307/20/content_5211996.htm) and Three-Year Action Plan to Promote the Development of New-Generation Artificial Intelligence Industry: http://www.miit.gov.cn/n1146295/n1652858/n1652930/n3757016/c5960820/content.html (http://www.miit.gov.cn/n1146295/n1652858/n1652930/n3757016/c5960820/content.html)].  2018   ,  :        ,   ,   .    ,           XXI.    .      ,      [6 - Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the European Council, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, Artificial Intelligence for Europe, Brussels 2018: https://ec.europa.eu/digital-singlemarket/en/news/communication-artificial-intelligence-europe (https://ec.europa.eu/digital-singlemarket/en/news/communication-artificial-intelligence-europe)].

-   .   Amazon   ,    ⠫      ,      [7 - A.I. is in a golden age and solving problems that were once in the realm of sci-fi, Jeff Bezos says, CNBC: https://www.cnbc.com/2017/05/08/amazon-jeff-bezos-artificial-intelligence-ai-golden-age.html (https://www.cnbc.com/2017/05/08/amazon-jeff-bezos-artificial-intelligence-ai-golden-age.html)].  Google   :     Ƞ          [8 - Googles Sergey Brin warns of the threat from AI in todays technology renaissance: https://www.theverge.com/2018/4/28/17295064/googleai-threat-sergey-brin-founders-letter-technology-renaissance (https://www.theverge.com/2018/4/28/17295064/googleai-threat-sergey-brin-founders-letter-technology-renaissance)].     Microsoft  ,      [9 - Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella on the rise of A.I.: The future we will invent is a choice we make: https://www.cnbc.com/2018/05/24/microsoft-ceo-satya-nadella-on-the-rise-of-a-i-the-future-we-willinvent-is-a-choice-we-make.html (https://www.cnbc.com/2018/05/24/microsoft-ceo-satya-nadella-on-the-rise-of-a-i-the-future-we-willinvent-is-a-choice-we-make.html)].         ,    ,   (      )    ,          [10 - The Fourth Industrial Revolution: what it means, how to respond, Klaus Schwab, World Economic Forum: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/01/the-fourth-industrial-revolution-what-it-means-andhow-to-respond/ (https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/01/the-fourth-industrial-revolution-what-it-means-andhow-to-respond/)].


       

Ƞ     .        1950-. Ƞ           ,    .   ,      ()         .

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 1.   





1.Alibaba.       2


    Alibaba Group         .    Alibaba.com, Taobao, Tmall Ali Express.        Amazon  eBay  [11 - Institutional Investor, Ali Baba vs The World: https://www.institutionalinvestor.com/article/b1505pjf8xsy75/alibaba-vs-the-world (https://www.institutionalinvestor.com/article/b1505pjf8xsy75/alibaba-vs-the-world)].    -          . -,   ,      2  Alibaba   500 .

     .     , Alibaba  ,    ,     .

Alibaba       :   .        (    ),     .


 Alibaba  

       ,        .  ࠖ    1   2030       [12 - CNBC, China is determined to steal A.I. crown from US and nothing, not even a trade war, will stop it: https://www.cnbc.com/2018/05/04/china-aims-to-steal-us-a-i-crown-and-not-even-trade-war-will-stop-it.html (https://www.cnbc.com/2018/05/04/china-aims-to-steal-us-a-i-crown-and-not-even-trade-war-will-stop-it.html)].

         ,    .

  Alibaba   ,          ,    .          ,    ,    .

   (,     ),        ,    .

   Alibaba  Taobao        [13 - Virtual-Taobao: Virtualizing Real-world Online Retail Environment for Reinforcement Learning: https://arxiv.org/abs/1805.10000 (https://arxiv.org/abs/1805.10000)].

              ,   .     .   ,    Taobao:    , 젖 100   .

                .

 Alibaba   - Dian Xiaomi.      350     90%    .         ⠖   ,    libaba[14 - SCMP, Alibaba lets AI, robots and drones do the heavy lifting on Singles Day: https://www.scmp.com/tech/innovation/article/2119359/alibabalets-ai-robots-and-drones-do-heavy-lifting-singles-day (https://www.scmp.com/tech/innovation/article/2119359/alibabalets-ai-robots-and-drones-do-heavy-lifting-singles-day)].


   

  Alibaba  ,     ,      .     .

-             20.   [15 - BBC, The worlds most prolific writer is a Chinese algorithm: http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20180829-the-worlds-most-prolificwriter-is-a-chinese-algorithm (http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20180829-the-worlds-most-prolificwriter-is-a-chinese-algorithm)].

 ,   ,        ,  ,         .         .

  :      ,      .  ,         ,      .


 

 Amazon Google, Alibaba  - -  ࠖ  [16 - Data Center News, Alibaba gives AWS, Microsoft and Google a run for their cloud money: https://datacenternews.asia/story/alibaba-givesaws-microsoft-and-google-run-their-cloud-money/ (https://datacenternews.asia/story/alibaba-givesaws-microsoft-and-google-run-their-cloud-money/)].

      .     ,     (     ),          .

        Alibaba    ,    .

 2018          100.       82,44: 82,3[17 - Bloomberg, Alibabas AI Outguns Humans in Reading Test: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/20180115/alibaba-s-aioutgunned-humans-in-key-stanford-reading-test (https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018%E2%80%9301%E2%80%9315/alibaba-s-aioutgunned-humans-in-key-stanford-reading-test)].


 

Alibaba   ,     , ,          .

Alibaba City Brain          9,5 .   ,    15%[18 - Wired, In China, Alibabas data-hungry AI is controlling (and watching) cities: https://www.wired.co.uk/article/alibaba-city-brain-artificialintelligence-china-kuala-lumpur (https://www.wired.co.uk/article/alibaba-city-brain-artificialintelligence-china-kuala-lumpur)].        -.

City Brain           .   ,       ,    .

         Alibaba.                  [19 - Technology Review, Inside the Chinese lab that plans to rewire the world with AI: https://www.technologyreview.com/s/610219/insidethe-chinese-lab-that-plans-to-rewire-the-world-with-ai/ (https://www.technologyreview.com/s/610219/insidethe-chinese-lab-that-plans-to-rewire-the-world-with-ai/)].


 

Alibaba  -   ,    .

          ,         ,        [20 - Financial Times, Alibaba brings artificial intelligence to the barnyard: https://www.ft.com/content/320fb98a-69f4-11e8-b6eb-4acfcfb08c11 (https://www.ft.com/content/320fb98a-69f4-11e8-b6eb-4acfcfb08c11)].

   - ,       ,        .          .


 , ,   

   Alibaba   ,                 .

-      ,   18   .         -    .

 2017 Alibaba ,       15          .    , ,    (Academy for Discovery, Adventure, Momentum and Outlook DAMO).       , -  ,   , -    100 [21 - CNBC, Alibaba says it will invest more than $15 billion over three years in global research program: https://www.cnbc.com/2017/10/11/alibabasays-will-pour-15-billion-into-global-research-program.html (https://www.cnbc.com/2017/10/11/alibabasays-will-pour-15-billion-into-global-research-program.html)].     ,   ,  ,       .


 

Alibaba        ,           .

           .         , Alibaba        .

         -, Alibaba          .




2.Alphabet Google.    


   Alphabet  .    -,   - .      Google, -  Verily,   Waymo,      Nest Deep Mind  .

 2017  ,  Alphabet, :     Ƞ          [22 - Alphabet, 2017 Founders Letter: https://abc.xyz/investor/foundersletters/017/index.html (https://abc.xyz/investor/foundersletters/017/index.html)],     .

 Alphabet         :  ,   ,  ,  ,     .


 Alphabet  

 

     Google  .          ࠖ 2015,    RankBrain[23 - Search Engine Land, FAQ: All about the Google RankBrain algorithm: https://searchengineland.com/faq-all-about-the-new-google-rankbrainalgorithm-234440 (https://searchengineland.com/faq-all-about-the-new-google-rankbrainalgorithm-234440)].

        :     ,    .   .

           ,         .       ,       .      ,   ,    .

  Google    ,   ,      -: -, ,   .      .

  ,     .         ,     .   ,               .

  Google   ,    . ,     ,  Alphabet Google      .

Google     ,      Gmail    ,      .


    

           .    Google Home, Amazon Alexa Apple Siri.

       ,      ,    .          .    ,    ,    .

    Ƞ .      ,    .    ,    Google Duplex.      ,      ,        . Google   Duplex       [24 - Google, Google Duplex: An AI System for Accomplishing Real-World Tasks Over the Phone: https://ai.googleblog.com/2018/05/duplex-aisystem-for-natural-conversation.html (https://ai.googleblog.com/2018/05/duplex-aisystem-for-natural-conversation.html)].           -.    Google     :     -,  蠫,    .


 

      ,          .      Google,     .    Google Translate   ,   ,      . Google      Pixel Buds   Google Assistant,           [25 - The Verge, The Pixel Buds translation feature is coming to all headphones With Google Assistant: https://www.theverge.com/circuitbreaker/2018/10/15/17978298/pixel-buds-google-translate-google-assistantheadphones (https://www.theverge.com/circuitbreaker/2018/10/15/17978298/pixel-buds-google-translate-google-assistantheadphones)].


 

 Waymo  Alphabet,    ,       .      [26 - Financial Times, Alphabets Waymo begins charging passengers for self-driving cars: https://www.ft.com/content/7980e98e-d8b6-11e8-a854-33d6f82e62f8 (https://www.ft.com/content/7980e98e-d8b6-11e8-a854-33d6f82e62f8)].

Alphabet   :   ,       .      ,        .  Waymo    :   ,        .


   

   Google    ,       (  )      YouTube.    ,    (, )         :   ,  [27 - Google, Adding Sound Effect Information to YouTube Captions: https://ai.googleblog.com/2017/03/adding-sound-effect-information-to.html (https://ai.googleblog.com/2017/03/adding-sound-effect-information-to.html)].


 

  Alphabet (     )    .       .        蠖  3D-  [28 - Nature, Clinically applicable deep learning for diagnosis and referral in retinal disease: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-018-0107-6 (https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-018-0107-6)].       .        ,  ,      ,    (  ).            .


Google Brain

    Google  Google Brain.   2011  ,       .      .

 Google Brain ,          ,     ,      .       ,        ,      [29 - Google, Using large-scale brain simulations for machine learning and A.I.: https://googleblog.blogspot.com/2012/06/using-large-scale-brainsimulations-for.html (https://googleblog.blogspot.com/2012/06/using-large-scale-brainsimulations-for.html)].


Deep Mind

Deep Mind     Alphabet ,  2014.              .  Deep Mind ,    ,     ,    ,      .    2016,         [30 - Wired, Googles AI Wins First Historic Match: https://www.wired.com/2016/03/googles-ai-wins-first-game-historic-match-go-champion/ (https://www.wired.com/2016/03/googles-ai-wins-first-game-historic-match-go-champion/)].

 Deep Mind    Alphabet.     -,      Android ..       ,     .


 

Alphabet Google        .

 ,          ,   .

    Alphabet      : ,  ,  ,  ,    .

                Google     .

  Google             ,    .




3.Amazon.     


  - Amazon     ,  :      -,  .  Amazon         .         .  -        , -       :   Kindle,     Fire    Amazon Echo.

  1990- Amazon   .    堖            .          -    .     Walmart Target   栖     Google, Facebook Apple      . ,           .     Echo    Alexa   .

  ⠖     蠫  ( ) ,    .


 Amazon  

Amazon    ,        .       - .     ,             ,     ,       .

  2014       :        [31 - Wired, Inside Amazons Artificial Intelligence Flywheel: https://www.wired.com/story/amazon-artificial-intelligence-flywheel/ (https://www.wired.com/story/amazon-artificial-intelligence-flywheel/)].        ,     :     ,     腻 ..

      ,   ,  ,    .            Amazon       .       Amazon,  Google,  Facebook    Netflix.        , Amazon     堖   .

Amazon      ⠖  ,          .           [32 - Robots, Drive Unit: https://robots.ieee.org/robots/kiva/?utm_source=spectrum (https://robots.ieee.org/robots/kiva/?utm_source%3dspectrum)].           ,        ,   .     ,   ,  Amazon       ,  ,   .        Amazon       [33 - IEEE Spectrum, Brad Porter, VP of Robotics at Amazon, on Warehouse Automation, Machine Learning, and His First Robot: https://spectrum.ieee.org/automaton/robotics/industrial-robots/interview-brad-portervp-of-robotics-at-amazon (https://spectrum.ieee.org/automaton/robotics/industrial-robots/interview-brad-portervp-of-robotics-at-amazon)].


Amazon Alexa

  ,    - 2015  . ʠ2018   16%  .  ,    蠫    [34 - Tech Crunch, 39 million Americans now own a smart speaker, report claims: https://techcrunch.com/2018/01/12/39-million-americans-now-own-a-smart-speaker-report-claims/ (https://techcrunch.com/2018/01/12/39-million-americans-now-own-a-smart-speaker-report-claims/)].

   ,    -             .    :   ,     ,  , ,    .

C Echo     :    ,       .

      .      [35 - Quora, How does Amazon use Deep Learning?: https://www.quora.com/How-does-Amazon-use-Deep-Learning (https://www.quora.com/How-does-Amazon-use-Deep-Learning)].             .         .     ,  ,   .


  Amazon

       Amazon  [36 - Wired, Inside Amazons Artificial Intelligence Flywheel: https://www.wired.com/story/amazon-artificial-intelligence-flywheel/ (https://www.wired.com/story/amazon-artificial-intelligence-flywheel/)]. ,   ,            .    Amazon  ,        ,       .

            .        .  ,             Echo.

   ,       Alexa  ,     .    ,     Amazon Prime Video, Amazon Music Unlimited   .    Alexa     ,  40.    [37 - Amazon, The Scalable Neural Architecture behind Alexas Ability to Select Skills: https://developer.amazon.com/blogs/alexa/post/4e6db03f-6048-4b62-ba4b-6544da9ac440/the-scalable-neural-architecturebehind-alexa-s-ability-to-arbitrate-skills (https://developer.amazon.com/blogs/alexa/post/4e6db03f-6048-4b62-ba4b-6544da9ac440/the-scalable-neural-architecturebehind-alexa-s-ability-to-arbitrate-skills)].

       .      ,    ,         .


- Amazon

Amazon,     Google Alibaba,  -     Amazon Web Services (AWS).        :     򻠖  ,    .

     ,     Amazon    ,     .   :         !

AWS       ,     ,  ,           [38 - Amazon, Machine Learning on AWS: https://aws.amazon.com/machine-learning/ (https://aws.amazon.com/machine-learning/)].


Amazon Prime Air

    Amazon    -,       .  2013 ,        30   [39 - CBS, Amazon unveils futuristic plan: delivery by drone: https://www.cbsnews.com/news/amazon-unveils-futuristic-plan-delivery-by-drone/ (https://www.cbsnews.com/news/amazon-unveils-futuristic-plan-delivery-by-drone/)]




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/pages/biblio_book/?art=51663092)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


Preparing for the Future of Artificial Intelligence, Executive Office of the President, National Science and Technology Council, National Science and Technology Council Committee on Technology, October 2016: https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/whitehousefiles/microsites/ostp/NSTC/preparing_for_the_future_of_ai.pdf (https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/whitehousefiles/microsites/ostp/NSTC/preparing_for_the_future_of_ai.pdf)




2


Artificial Intelligence for the American People, The White House: https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/artificial-intelligence-american-people/ (https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/artificial-intelligence-american-people/)




3


Summary of the 2018 White House Summit on Artificial Intelligence for American Industry, The White House Office of Science and Technology Policy 10 May 2018: https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Summary-Report-of-White-House-AI-Summit.pdf (https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Summary-Report-of-White-House-AI-Summit.pdf)




4


Whoever leads in AI will rule the world: Putin to Russian children on Knowledge Day: https://www.rt.com/news/401731-ai-rule-worldputin/ (https://www.rt.com/news/401731-ai-rule-worldputin/)




5


A Next Generation Artificial Intelligence Development Plan: http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/201707/20/content_5211996.htm (http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2017%E2%80%9307/20/content_5211996.htm) and Three-Year Action Plan to Promote the Development of New-Generation Artificial Intelligence Industry: http://www.miit.gov.cn/n1146295/n1652858/n1652930/n3757016/c5960820/content.html (http://www.miit.gov.cn/n1146295/n1652858/n1652930/n3757016/c5960820/content.html)




6


Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the European Council, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, Artificial Intelligence for Europe, Brussels 2018: https://ec.europa.eu/digital-singlemarket/en/news/communication-artificial-intelligence-europe (https://ec.europa.eu/digital-singlemarket/en/news/communication-artificial-intelligence-europe)




7


A.I. is in a golden age and solving problems that were once in the realm of sci-fi, Jeff Bezos says, CNBC: https://www.cnbc.com/2017/05/08/amazon-jeff-bezos-artificial-intelligence-ai-golden-age.html (https://www.cnbc.com/2017/05/08/amazon-jeff-bezos-artificial-intelligence-ai-golden-age.html)




8


Googles Sergey Brin warns of the threat from AI in todays technology renaissance: https://www.theverge.com/2018/4/28/17295064/googleai-threat-sergey-brin-founders-letter-technology-renaissance (https://www.theverge.com/2018/4/28/17295064/googleai-threat-sergey-brin-founders-letter-technology-renaissance)




9


Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella on the rise of A.I.: The future we will invent is a choice we make: https://www.cnbc.com/2018/05/24/microsoft-ceo-satya-nadella-on-the-rise-of-a-i-the-future-we-willinvent-is-a-choice-we-make.html (https://www.cnbc.com/2018/05/24/microsoft-ceo-satya-nadella-on-the-rise-of-a-i-the-future-we-willinvent-is-a-choice-we-make.html)




10


The Fourth Industrial Revolution: what it means, how to respond, Klaus Schwab, World Economic Forum: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/01/the-fourth-industrial-revolution-what-it-means-andhow-to-respond/ (https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/01/the-fourth-industrial-revolution-what-it-means-andhow-to-respond/)




11


Institutional Investor, Ali Baba vs The World: https://www.institutionalinvestor.com/article/b1505pjf8xsy75/alibaba-vs-the-world (https://www.institutionalinvestor.com/article/b1505pjf8xsy75/alibaba-vs-the-world)




12


CNBC, China is determined to steal A.I. crown from US and nothing, not even a trade war, will stop it: https://www.cnbc.com/2018/05/04/china-aims-to-steal-us-a-i-crown-and-not-even-trade-war-will-stop-it.html (https://www.cnbc.com/2018/05/04/china-aims-to-steal-us-a-i-crown-and-not-even-trade-war-will-stop-it.html)




13


Virtual-Taobao: Virtualizing Real-world Online Retail Environment for Reinforcement Learning: https://arxiv.org/abs/1805.10000 (https://arxiv.org/abs/1805.10000)




14


SCMP, Alibaba lets AI, robots and drones do the heavy lifting on Singles Day: https://www.scmp.com/tech/innovation/article/2119359/alibabalets-ai-robots-and-drones-do-heavy-lifting-singles-day (https://www.scmp.com/tech/innovation/article/2119359/alibabalets-ai-robots-and-drones-do-heavy-lifting-singles-day)




15


BBC, The worlds most prolific writer is a Chinese algorithm: http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20180829-the-worlds-most-prolificwriter-is-a-chinese-algorithm (http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20180829-the-worlds-most-prolificwriter-is-a-chinese-algorithm)




16


Data Center News, Alibaba gives AWS, Microsoft and Google a run for their cloud money: https://datacenternews.asia/story/alibaba-givesaws-microsoft-and-google-run-their-cloud-money/ (https://datacenternews.asia/story/alibaba-givesaws-microsoft-and-google-run-their-cloud-money/)




17


Bloomberg, Alibabas AI Outguns Humans in Reading Test: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/20180115/alibaba-s-aioutgunned-humans-in-key-stanford-reading-test (https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018%E2%80%9301%E2%80%9315/alibaba-s-aioutgunned-humans-in-key-stanford-reading-test)




18


Wired, In China, Alibabas data-hungry AI is controlling (and watching) cities: https://www.wired.co.uk/article/alibaba-city-brain-artificialintelligence-china-kuala-lumpur (https://www.wired.co.uk/article/alibaba-city-brain-artificialintelligence-china-kuala-lumpur)




19


Technology Review, Inside the Chinese lab that plans to rewire the world with AI: https://www.technologyreview.com/s/610219/insidethe-chinese-lab-that-plans-to-rewire-the-world-with-ai/ (https://www.technologyreview.com/s/610219/insidethe-chinese-lab-that-plans-to-rewire-the-world-with-ai/)




20


Financial Times, Alibaba brings artificial intelligence to the barnyard: https://www.ft.com/content/320fb98a-69f4-11e8-b6eb-4acfcfb08c11 (https://www.ft.com/content/320fb98a-69f4-11e8-b6eb-4acfcfb08c11)




21


CNBC, Alibaba says it will invest more than $15 billion over three years in global research program: https://www.cnbc.com/2017/10/11/alibabasays-will-pour-15-billion-into-global-research-program.html (https://www.cnbc.com/2017/10/11/alibabasays-will-pour-15-billion-into-global-research-program.html)




22


Alphabet, 2017 Founders Letter: https://abc.xyz/investor/foundersletters/017/index.html (https://abc.xyz/investor/foundersletters/017/index.html)




23


Search Engine Land, FAQ: All about the Google RankBrain algorithm: https://searchengineland.com/faq-all-about-the-new-google-rankbrainalgorithm-234440 (https://searchengineland.com/faq-all-about-the-new-google-rankbrainalgorithm-234440)




24


Google, Google Duplex: An AI System for Accomplishing Real-World Tasks Over the Phone: https://ai.googleblog.com/2018/05/duplex-aisystem-for-natural-conversation.html (https://ai.googleblog.com/2018/05/duplex-aisystem-for-natural-conversation.html)




25


The Verge, The Pixel Buds translation feature is coming to all headphones With Google Assistant: https://www.theverge.com/circuitbreaker/2018/10/15/17978298/pixel-buds-google-translate-google-assistantheadphones (https://www.theverge.com/circuitbreaker/2018/10/15/17978298/pixel-buds-google-translate-google-assistantheadphones)




26


Financial Times, Alphabets Waymo begins charging passengers for self-driving cars: https://www.ft.com/content/7980e98e-d8b6-11e8-a854-33d6f82e62f8 (https://www.ft.com/content/7980e98e-d8b6-11e8-a854-33d6f82e62f8)




27


Google, Adding Sound Effect Information to YouTube Captions: https://ai.googleblog.com/2017/03/adding-sound-effect-information-to.html (https://ai.googleblog.com/2017/03/adding-sound-effect-information-to.html)




28


Nature, Clinically applicable deep learning for diagnosis and referral in retinal disease: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-018-0107-6 (https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-018-0107-6)




29


Google, Using large-scale brain simulations for machine learning and A.I.: https://googleblog.blogspot.com/2012/06/using-large-scale-brainsimulations-for.html (https://googleblog.blogspot.com/2012/06/using-large-scale-brainsimulations-for.html)




30


Wired, Googles AI Wins First Historic Match: https://www.wired.com/2016/03/googles-ai-wins-first-game-historic-match-go-champion/ (https://www.wired.com/2016/03/googles-ai-wins-first-game-historic-match-go-champion/)




31


Wired, Inside Amazons Artificial Intelligence Flywheel: https://www.wired.com/story/amazon-artificial-intelligence-flywheel/ (https://www.wired.com/story/amazon-artificial-intelligence-flywheel/)




32


Robots, Drive Unit: https://robots.ieee.org/robots/kiva/?utm_source=spectrum (https://robots.ieee.org/robots/kiva/?utm_source%3dspectrum)




33


IEEE Spectrum, Brad Porter, VP of Robotics at Amazon, on Warehouse Automation, Machine Learning, and His First Robot: https://spectrum.ieee.org/automaton/robotics/industrial-robots/interview-brad-portervp-of-robotics-at-amazon (https://spectrum.ieee.org/automaton/robotics/industrial-robots/interview-brad-portervp-of-robotics-at-amazon)




34


Tech Crunch, 39 million Americans now own a smart speaker, report claims: https://techcrunch.com/2018/01/12/39-million-americans-now-own-a-smart-speaker-report-claims/ (https://techcrunch.com/2018/01/12/39-million-americans-now-own-a-smart-speaker-report-claims/)




35


Quora, How does Amazon use Deep Learning?: https://www.quora.com/How-does-Amazon-use-Deep-Learning (https://www.quora.com/How-does-Amazon-use-Deep-Learning)




36


Wired, Inside Amazons Artificial Intelligence Flywheel: https://www.wired.com/story/amazon-artificial-intelligence-flywheel/ (https://www.wired.com/story/amazon-artificial-intelligence-flywheel/)




37


Amazon, The Scalable Neural Architecture behind Alexas Ability to Select Skills: https://developer.amazon.com/blogs/alexa/post/4e6db03f-6048-4b62-ba4b-6544da9ac440/the-scalable-neural-architecturebehind-alexa-s-ability-to-arbitrate-skills (https://developer.amazon.com/blogs/alexa/post/4e6db03f-6048-4b62-ba4b-6544da9ac440/the-scalable-neural-architecturebehind-alexa-s-ability-to-arbitrate-skills)




38


Amazon, Machine Learning on AWS: https://aws.amazon.com/machine-learning/ (https://aws.amazon.com/machine-learning/)




39


CBS, Amazon unveils futuristic plan: delivery by drone: https://www.cbsnews.com/news/amazon-unveils-futuristic-plan-delivery-by-drone/ (https://www.cbsnews.com/news/amazon-unveils-futuristic-plan-delivery-by-drone/)


