 .      
. 


-       .              ,        -       .        .   ,        ,    ,     .  -        ,  ,   .  ,            -,   ,           ,                 .





.

 .      








-     .                ,  -,        -       .        .

   -   .  2017  -              - Tinder, Badoo  ,     .

 2018. -,      ,              [1 - https://roskomsvoboda.org/42613/.]. ,  , :     ,   ,     ,     .      ,      - :  ,   ,   ,    ,   .  ,  -,  ,  ,    ,  .   ?   ,   , .      [       ],     ,  ,  ,     ,  ,     [2 - https://twitter.com/ntvru/status/1055393236699754496?s=20.].

             [3 - https://reestr.rublacklist.net/distributors_main/.].      ,    ,             ,  ,   , -, -    .  2014         Mamba  Wamba,  2017   Badoo,  2019   Tinder. ,         .

      ,      [4 -  . ,     / .    , 2018.],        ,      ,       ,     . ,  ,    ,          ,    ,     ,   ,  -          . ,       ,    , ,     ,  ,      .

       ProQuest Dissertation &amp, Theses Global (PQDT Global)   online dating   115 777 ,     12   1 540.     https://www.researchgate.net/   Online dating research   107 ,        -    .

 ,       . ,            -,   .         (-)    17  30     -[5 -  . .,  . .,  . .      //   . 2015, 10.],   -  .             ,            -,  9%       ,   .    ,   -    ,     [6 -  . .,  . .,  . .      //   . 2015, 10.].

                .      ,          -.  -     ,        ,    ,    .







 -   20  .    Match, JDate  eHarmony   90-   .

 ,  ,         .       .           .      XV ,        .    ,  ,       ,   .

             , ,      . ,     .  ,  .             ,                !.

            .      :     !      ,      !

      XVII    .        .           ,       [7 - History of Online Dating. https://www.datingsitesreviews.com/staticpages/index.php?page=online-dating-history.].

 XVIII           .                 ,    .   XVIII ,     ,   .      ,    [8 - History of Online Dating. https://www.datingsitesreviews.com/staticpages/index.php?page=online-dating-history.].

   ,   [9 -    :      FACEBOOK /  .,  .,  .,  . Love in the Middle East: The contradictions of romance in the Facebook world / Friedland R., Afary J., Gardinali P., Naslund C. // Critical research on religion. L., 2016. Vol. 4, 3. P. 229258.],     ,                 XVIII.                 .      ,       [10 -    :      FACEBOOK /  .,  .,  .,  . Love in the Middle East: The contradictions of romance in the Facebook world / Friedland R., Afary J., Gardinali P., Naslund C. // Critical research on religion. L., 2016. Vol. 4, 3. P. 229258.].

                 ,    ,     .           :  ,     ,  ,    [11 - History of Online Dating. https://www.datingsitesreviews.com/staticpages/index.php?page=online-dating-history.].

        ,          (  ).     .              ,    .      ,  . ,       ,         ,    .                   .

       1959 ,          .    IBM 650   ,     49   49 .      .

 60-   ,     ,               (. Operation Match)    IBM 1401.      ,       .

   : Eros  1965   Data-Mate  1968        .

 1970-           .        Cherry Blossoms,    1974 . -,   Great Expectations,  1976.   .

    1980- :     ,      .

   1991 .                 .

 2019.,   Digital 2019[12 - Digital 2019: Global Internet Use Accelerates. https://wearesocial.com/blog/2019/01/digital-2019-global-internet-use-accelerates.],       6   42 ,         .  ,      100     .          .          10  02 ,          3  45   .       6  29  .

   ,    GlobalWebIndex[13 - https://www.globalwebindex.com/.],       2   16      .  ,  ,    ,     ,        36   .     ,        4   12 .

          :   ,        ,    , ,   ,           [14 -  .  .            /  ; . . . . .: ,   , 2017. . 126  127.].

 1995       - (. Internet Addiction Disorder  IAD).  1999        -:  ,   -,   -,   -,  ,       .

  -        ,  ,   ,   , .

 ,   ,     ,  ,          ,    .   ,   ,    ,   0%  1995   22%  2009   39%  2017 [15 - Rosenfeld, Michael J. How Couples Meet and Stay Together. 2017. Stanford University https://exhibits.stanford.edu/data/catalog/ns183dp7831.].

,             .   -,   ,    ,      ,  ,     .

Match.com     ,  .   1997    JDate.           .            ,          You've Got Mail  .

        .  2000.  eHarmony,  OkCupid   2004 , Badoo  SeekingArrangement   2006 .

 ,                ,        . ,  2006.                ,    ,    ( 13  6%).           ,      .  2013.    16  13%, ..     [16 -  .   :     . Bergrtrom M. (Se) correspondre en ligne: Lhomogamie ? lpreuve des sites de rencontres // Socits contemporaines. P., 2016. 4. P. 1340.].

     -     2007. iPhone.  ,            ,    ,   ,        -.

          .   -10        2018   2019   679   .

    ,       -[17 - Fetters. A. The 5 Years That Changed Dating. The Atlantic. Dec 21, 2018 https://www.theatlantic.com/family/archive/2018/12/tinder-changed-dating/578698/.].  Grindr,   2009 ,     -   ,     ,           .

           ,        [18 - https://www.datingsitesreviews.com/article.php?story=u-s-presidential-candidate-pete-buttigieg-met-his-husband-on-hinge.].

 2010.  Tinder,  2012. Coffee Meets Bagel,  2013. Hinge, Happn and Bumble   2014.           [19 - History of Online Dating. https://www.datingsitesreviews.com/staticpages/index.php?page=online-dating-history.].

Tinder          ,        [20 - Vanessa Tao. Its A Match! Top 3 Marketing Strategies for Online Dating App/ April 2, 2018 http://www.10-hats.com/online-dating-app-marketing-strategies/#more-813.].       Facebook         Tinder,       .

 ,    Tinder,      .  Tinder    swipe,      swiping,       ,     .  ,        -.   ,       -   ,       2021. ,     Json and Partners Consulting, 130          2016  2021. 5,4%[21 - Json &amp; Partners Consulting:        (Mobile, Console, , MMOG, Social). , , , ,   20182021.  2016. Json &amp; Partners: 2017. http://json.tv/ict_telecom_analytics_view/issledovanie-mirovogo-i-rossiyskogo-rynka-igr-2016-god-20170502014806.].

   swiping          .   Match Group       swiping. ,  ,         Tantan     100     Tinder,    2018. Tantan     Match Group.

     Match Group    Bumble.   Bumble   , ,       ,   .     [22 - Judge Rules Tinder's Swiping Interface Is Eligible For Patenting. January 07 2019. https://www.datingsitesreviews.com/article.php?story=judge-rules-tinder-s-swiping-interface-is-eligible-for-patenting.]   .

 -  20 . -       .     ,                 .     700    ,      ,     ,  -   .




  - 


     , ,        .           , (, Forbes ,  90%    [23 - Billion-Dollar Bumble: How Whitney Wolfe Herd Built America's Fastest-Growing Dating App. Nov 14, 2017, https://www.forbes.com/sites/clareoconnor/2017/11/14/billion-dollar-bumble-how-whitney-wolfe-herd-built-americas-fastest-growing-dating-app/#2c696b6248b3.]),      .

    [24 - Its A Match! Top 3 Marketing Strategies for Online Dating AppVanessa Tao / April 2, 2018 http://www.10-hats.com/online-dating-app-marketing-strategies/#more-813.], ,     ,    ,        -.       Bumble, Grindr  Happn.       ,   - Bumble    .

Grindr          (, ,   .).           .

Happn         .      ,      (,              )[25 - Its A Match! Top 3 Marketing Strategies for Online Dating AppVanessa Tao / April 2, 2018 http://www.10-hats.com/online-dating-app-marketing-strategies/#more-813.].

       .       ,          ,  -      .



-   [26 -       ,    ,       ( ).]:

   ChristianDatingForFree.com, ChristianMingle.com, ChristianCafe.com, ChrisitanConnection.com, LoveAndSeek; . ;

   Muslima.com, Nikah.su;

   JDate, Sara&amp; Rashel;

   LDSPlanet;

   Catholic Dating;

   Baptist Dating;

   Methodist Dating;

   Lutheran Dating;

   Presbyterian Dating;

     Anglican Dating;

   Hindu Dating;

   Sikh Dating;

   Buddhist Dating;

   Atheist Dating.



-   :

   Interracial Dating;

   Ethnic Dating;

   Black Dating;

   WhereWhitePeopleMeet.com;

   Asian Dating, AsianMatchMate.com, AsianDating.com, Asia FriendFinder.



-   :

   MilitaryCupid.com;

   Farmers Only;

          LinkYou.



-   [27 -      ꅻ   ( ).]:

     Trump Singles;

     Maple Match;

    Better Together Dating;

    Conservatives Only;

    Liberal Hearts;

      Bernie Singles;

     Libertarian Passions.



-   :

  Asian Dating[28 -          ( ).];

  Indian Dating;

   Middle Eastern Dating;

  Native American Dating;

  European Dating.



-  :

    Trek Passions;

     Equestrian Cupid;

      Tastebuds;

 ,    , ,   Hater.



-    :

     Gluten-Free Singles;

   Veggie Date, Veg Speed Date, My Vegetarian Dating, Vegetarian Passions, http://www.greensingles.com/, http://www.vegetariandatingservice.com/,http://www.veggieconnection.com/;

    SaladMatch;

    Sizzl.



-   :

    Luxy;

     Sudy, Sugar Daddy, Cougar Life, Established Men[29 -        ,       ( ).].



-  :

   Anaem;

   JSwipe;

   Indian Dating;

   Latin Dating;

   JapanCupid.com.



-      :

    BiCupid.com; OutPersonals.com; Grindr; Compatible Partners, Her  Only Women, Gay Dating, Lesbian Dating, Bisexual Dating;

    Feeld  Op3n;

   Swinder, Whiplr;

   Asexual Cupid.



-      :

     Bristlr;

    Tall Friends, Bbw Dating, Big And Tall Dating;

   Thin Dating;

   Athletic Dating, Fit Dating;

        Feabie;

    BeautifulPeople.com;

    Ugly Dating;

    Smell.dating;

     SingldOut.



-  :

   ,       , Happn, Magnet;

   https://ru.foursquare.com/dateoften;

     Dallas Online Dating, Houston Online Dating, San Antonio Online Dating, Fort Worth Online Dating, El Paso Online Dating;

    Dating.mobi.



-  :

    Herpes Singles Dating;

   Dating4Disabled.com.



-   :

    Eve, MonAmour, Teamo, eDarling[30 -      :   ?   ( ).];

    Pure, Taboo, Adult Friend Finder[31 -           ( ).];

     Peppr.



-    :

     DateMyPet;

    Dog Date Afternoon, Dig[32 -          ( ).].



-   :

   Divorced Dating;

     Ashley Madison;

    SingleParentMeet, Single Parents Dating.



-  :

         Wyldfire;

     Bumble.



   ,       ,  ,   .                       .  ,      -,    ,    .

     Online Dating Magazine ,       -         50%    [33 - https://www.onlinedatingmagazine.com/.].    ,   -,    [34 - Martin Zwilling How Many More Online Dating Sites Do We Need? https://www.forbes.com/sites/martinzwilling/2013/03/01/how-many-more-online-dating-sites-do-we-need/#70eeb3337882.], :

 ,   .      ;

     , -            ,        ;

       ,     ,   ,      -[35 - Martin Zwilling/I provide pragmatic advice and services to entrepreneurs and startups. https://www.forbes.com/sites/martinzwilling/2013/03/01/how-many-more-online-dating-sites-do-we-need/#70eeb3337882.];

   - ,         150%,    .




    -


 Facebook   -       2018 ,   , - ,            Cambridge Analytics[36 -  2015     50   Facebook    Cambridge Analytica,       .                      .],   ,        MySpace   -.         ,         - Facebook Dating[37 - Michael Cappetta. Facebook dating service rolls out to 14 more countries. 30/04/2019. https://www.euronews.com/2019/04/30/facebook-dating-service-add-14-more-countries-not-u-s-n1000231.].   ,       Facebook,           ,  ,  ,     -         .

Facebook Dating      ,         Facebook    ,    ,       ,           -    .      14 ,  , , , ,   .  2019.  Dating.com   832 419 .   Facebook  1,49    , 500     ;     .  ,           .

 2019               Facebook   Secret Crush,         ,        .      , Facebook    .

    ,   Facebook   -   ,         ,     ,      . , ,        :   ,     ,  [38 - Martin Zwilling. How Many More Online Dating Sites Do We Need?https://www.forbes.com/sites/martinzwilling/2013/03/01/how-many-more-online-dating-sites-do-we-need/#70eeb3337882.].

  2019.  ,         Lovina.       [39 -   :      https://riafan.ru/1196298-vkontakte-testiruet-sobstvennyi-servis-znakomstv.].

          Refrigerdating (https://www.refrigerdating.com/about).             .       Samsung Family Hub.       Refrigerdating        .         ,  ,        .  ,        .

         .     Refrigerdating   ,  .

         Dominos Pizza     .    Tinder  Bumble   Domino      .        .      ,    .  ,          .        ,    Dominos Pizza       18  24 .             [40 - ElyseRomano. Dominos Announces Plans To Launch A Pizza-Based Dating App. December 07 2018. https://www.datingsitesreviews.com/article.php?story=domino-s-announces-plans-to-launch-a-pizza-based-dating-app.].

  ,       -.

      ,      -,     ,     .        ,    ,     .      ,       [41 -   : https://megafonplus.ru/services/usluga-znakomstva-megafon.html.].     ໠ 5   .    ,     ,     .

       SMS- 1+1.    , ,  ,     ,        ,    SMS         [42 -   : https://moskva.beeline.ru/customers/products/mobile/services/details/sms-znakomstva-1-plyus-1/.].        5   .        150   .

       dating.mts.by[43 -   : https://www.mts.by/finance/info/fun/znakomstva-s-mts/.].      ѻ,        dating.mts.by,     .         .               .      ѻ  0,12.  ( ).

,             -   .           , ,  ,      90       19  45 .

     ,               .   -  .     -,       .




  - 


    -    ,       -. ,    Statistic Brain,    -   1,9   [44 - Statista. 2019. https://www.statista.com/outlook/372/100/online-dating/worldwide.].     IBISWorld[45 - https://www.ibisworld.com/industry-trends/market-research-reports/other-services-except-public-administration/personal-laundry/dating-services.html.],     1,2   ,       45%  .      2010  2015.  11,9%     2018   3   .     1,0%,      -   5,6%.

     Match Group, MagicLab, Sparks Networks.       ,   SEMrush[46 - https://ru.semrush.com.],  Badoo.    beautifulpeople.com; lovoo.com firstmet.com, okcupid.com, dating.com[47 - https://ru.semrush.com.].

    2019.     Dating Sites Reviews[48 - https://www.datingsitesreviews.]  Bumble,     Christian Cafe, eHarmony, Fitness Singles, MillionaireMatch, OkCupid.



 1. -10      2018 .




: Sensor Tower https://sensortower.com/blog/top-grossing-dating-apps-worldwide-2018.



  SimilarWeb[49 - https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/category/community-and-society/romance-and-relationships.],            badoo.com,      pof.com, fotostrana.ru ( 2).



 2. -10        .




: SimilarWeb https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/category/community-and-society/romance-and-relationships.



[50 -       ()       30  2015  780-      ,     ,        .           ,       .     .]  2016.      Android   iOS.             Google Play  App Store   23  Android  19  iOS.    119 , 65     [51 -   .   -. https://rskrf.ru/ratings/tekhnologii/mobilnye-prilozheniya/prilozheniya-dlya-onlayn-znakomstv/.].

   Android  Badoo,      , MyLove, WannaMeet, JAUMO, LovePlanet.      iOS: 1  Badoo; 2  ; 3  ; 4  MyLove; 5  Loveplanet; 6  Tourbar.    [52 -   .   -. 14.02.2018. https://rskrf.ru/ratings/tekhnologii/mobilnye-prilozheniya/prilozheniya-dlya-onlayn-znakomstv/.],      ,   , ,   .

   - -           .     Statista[53 - Statista. 2019. https://www.statista.com/outlook/372/100/online-dating/worldwide.],   ,   , ,  ,    - ( 1).






 1.   -,  .

: Statista. 2019. https://www.statista.com/outlook/372/100/online-dating/worldwide.



-             .     Mamba, Topface, Badoo.

 Mamba          VIP- ( , ,      .).  Badoo       .     -  95%        510%    (   ,      .).

  ,           [54 - Use Tinder To Attract New Customers, Not Bad Dates. Jan 26, 2017. https://www.forbes.com/sites/under30network/2017/01/26/use-tinder-to-attract-new-customers-not-bad-dates/#2382d766b117.].   ,  ,    Tinder    18  34     . ,      ,          .       Dominos Pizza  Tinder.          Tinder              .     ,     .  Dominos Pizza    700        200  .       Atlanta Hawks    Tinder   Swipe Right Night.    Tinder   Love Lounges[55 - Use Tinder To Attract New Customers, Not Bad Dates. Jan 26, 2017. https://www.forbes.com/sites/under30network/2017/01/26/use-tinder-to-attract-new-customers-not-bad-dates/#2382d766b117.].

-           .       Teamo.

      .    , ,   ..           .       . ,    LinkYou.

    -  (, ,  )    243    .        .

 ,       100%    ,  ,  ,  ,  (,  )  .

                   .  ,         Tinder     Facebook.

  Match Group,   OkCupid, Tinder  PlentyOfFish,  16   [56 - Joanna Glasner. VCs arent falling in love with dating startups https://techcrunch.com/2019/02/17/its-valentines-day-but-vcs-arent-falling-in-love-with-dating-startups/.].   Nasdaq,      2016.  1,6   .   Match Group,    Tinder,  2018    2   ( 2).    Tinder   196  .     200 .






 2.   Match Group  2012  2018.,    .

: Statista: https://www.statista.com/statistics/449432/annual-dating-revenue-match-group/.



  Zoosk Sparks Networks     -             .          .     Zoosk   60        2008  2012.[57 - Joanna Glasner. VCs arent falling in love with dating startups https://techcrunch.com/2019/02/17/its-valentines-day-but-vcs-arent-falling-in-love-with-dating-startups/.].

  , ,     [58 - Joanna Glasner. VCs arent falling in love with dating startups https://techcrunch.com/2019/02/17/its-valentines-day-but-vcs-arent-falling-in-love-with-dating-startups/.],      ,  -. ,  2018     127     27 ,   -. ,  80%       Blued   ,   .  ,  2017        Tantan.  2014     Baihe  250   .   -     ( 3).






 3.   -    2010  2019.,   .

: Statista: https://www.statista.com/statistics/385811/china-market-volume-of-online-dating-market/.



    [59 - Martin Zwilling How Many More Online Dating Sites Do We Need? https://www.forbes.com/sites/martinzwilling/2013/03/01/how-many-more-online-dating-sites-do-we-need/#70eeb3337882.],      -   ,  ,      ,   -   .   :    ,      ,     .

 2018            6,5%   25  .

 2019  ,    -  1,667   ,      4,2%,     2023     1,968   .    2019   4,6%   5,2%  2023 .          (797     2019 )[60 - Statista. 2019. https://www.statista.com/outlook/372/100/online-dating/worldwide ps://www.statista.com/outlook/372/100/online-dating/worldwide.].

   -     ,    ,     ,      [61 -       -.].

   ,    .  :    -,    .  ,  ,    ,    .       -  [62 - https://mkechinov.ru/dating-startups.html.].

   Statistic Brain[63 - https://www.statisticbrain.com/.],  10%      .   ,      ,       ,  -  ,           .       :       , ,   .     , , .




  -


        -.  ,        .  ,  , ,    -.

, ,    -            .         ,        ,         [64 - https://mkechinov.ru/dating-startups.html.].         . ,      Bumble,      Tinder.

    ,      ,       ,  ,       .

  ,  ,   ,      ..   Bidvine (https://www.bidvine.com/),      ,      Tinder, Bumble, Grindr[65 - Chelsea Ritschel. 'Professional Tinder Coaches' can make up to ?30 an hour. https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/dating/tinder-coach-professional-earnings-job-dating-app-bumble-bidvine-a8290251.html.].    30    .         , -     -   .        .        -.

     -       . ,   2019.  Match    AskMatch   .      ,   ,       .    -         .  AskMatch     - ,   2020        ,  ,   [66 - ElyseRomano. Match Introduces AskMatch, a One-On-One Phone Sessions With Professional Dating Coaches. June 05 2019. https://www.datingsitesreviews.com/article.php?story=match-introduces-askmatch-one-on-one-phone-sessions-with-professional-dating-coaches.].  ,   AskMatch      ,  .

  ,   -,     .    :             ,    24         .     23,50  .     Aste,   -,     ,      ,    [67 - Rachel Hosie/ Meet the private investigators paid to check out online dating matches before you meet them. 19 June 2017 Independent. https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/love-sex/private-investigators-online-dating-matches-detectives-before-first-date-paid-men-women-a7788291.html.].    Aste,         , ,    ,  45%  -     : 9%   , 9%    , 11%        16%   ,   .

   -        .        ,    ,        .        -           .

         ,      Tinder            .          ,         .        ,   Forbes[68 - Angel Au-Yeung Exclusive Investigation: Sex, Drugs, Misogyny And Sleaze At The HQ Of Bumbles Owner Jul 8, 2019.https://www.forbes.com/sites/angelauyeung/2019/07/08/exclusive-investigation-sex-drugs-misogyny-and-sleaze-at-the-hq-of-bumbles-owner/#2e6526496308.] ,        .             Bumble,       Tinder.  Bumble Forbes       [69 - Angel Au-Yeung Exclusive Investigation: Sex, Drugs, Misogyny And Sleaze At The HQ Of Bumbles Owner Jul 8, 2019.https://www.forbes.com/sites/angelauyeung/2019/07/08/exclusive-investigation-sex-drugs-misogyny-and-sleaze-at-the-hq-of-bumbles-owner/#2e6526496308.]     Tinder   .

 2019.   Forbes,      Badoo. Forbes  13   Badoo,         ,             , -  ,  .    Forbes  Badoo    .  ,         , ,        ,          [70 - https://www.forbes.com/sites/angelauyeung/2019/07/08/exclusive-investigation-sex-drugs-misogyny-and-sleaze-at-the-hq-of-bumbles-owner/#1f932ec76308.].        Peninsula Group,     ,   [71 - Scott Harvey. Andrey Andreev Launches Internal Investigation at Badoo. 10th July 2019. https://www.globaldatinginsights.com/featured/andrey-andreev-launches-internal-investigation-at-badoo/.],    Badoo.

 2013.     - (. Online Dating Association) https://www.onlinedatingassociation.org.uk/,       -: British Asian Dating Site, Christian Connection, The Dating Lab, FreeDating.co.uk, Love and Friends, M14, Meetic, Supercar Dating, Guardian Soulmates, Oasis.com, Muddy Match[72 - Online Dating Association https://www.onlinedatingassociation.org.uk/membership/oda-members.html.].            ,     ,  ,    ,    , ,      ;          ,  ,          [73 - Our Guiding Principles. Online Dating Association https://www.onlinedatingassociation.org.uk/membership/our-guiding-principles.html.].

         ,      -,     -,  ,   ,   ,    ,          .

-       ,  ,     .  ,     -   ,      ,         ,      .




SWOT-  -


   ,   -     ,    .   SWOT-  -.



 

     ,       , ,     -.

       ,             .           ,      .

    .



 

  -   ,         .

  ,   ,        ,  -       [74 -  . ,     / .    , 2018. . 219.].

                .

  , ,  .

    ,    .

 .





      ,      ,        .    /       -.

    ,  ,    2019 ,      [75 - https://www.ibisworld.com/industry-trends/market-research-reports/other-services-except-public-administration/personal-laundry/dating-services.html.].





,      2019 ,            .

   , ,   -,      -.

   -,     -   .

    -,        -.

        .

,   -  .   Match Group,    600       ,  400         .




   -: ,  ,  


      -.               .

        MySpace,   2003         2005  2008.  2006     MySpace                 ,    40 .           ,        .

              ,   .    ,    .   2008.,   comScore,  Myspace   76    ,       800   ,   2009 ,         ,          470  .  2011        (34,8  ),            ( 184   ),        .

    ,        ,        MySpace  .    MySpace   .    Facebook,       .

 2015.  The Impact Team   -    Ashley Madison     37  .   2015      .       , , , , GPS-,        PayPal-,     : , ,     .  ,       Avid Life Media.

 ,           ,       Avid Life Media,              ,   .

     ,         .      Ashley Madison   15  ,            .   ,     .

     Avid Life Media: Cougar Life         Established Men   .  Avid Life Media  380          .

 2015. Ashley Madison               -.           1,6   .   Ashley Madison   Ernst&amp; Young        .

    .  2015.       Adult Friend Finder,  412      :    , , ,    ,    .    : Brazzers forum, You Porn, Cams.com, Penthouse.com, Stripshow.com, iCams.com.

       BeautifulPeople.com.  2011    Shrek     BeautifulPeople.com     [76 -       . BBC news.   . 20  2011. https://www.bbc.com/russian/society/2011/06/110620_dating_site_ugly.shtml#orb-banner.].   ,    BeautifulPeople.com            ,      .    ,       BeautifulPeople.com  ,       ,   ,     ,   .   BeautifulPeople.com.       ,          30  .

 2016.   BeautifulPeople.com.   .   1,1   BeautifulPeople.com      [77 - Nellie Bowles. Shame hacking: attack on dating site for 'beautiful people' is actually pretty scary in San Francisco. 26 Apr 2016. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/apr/25/shame-hack-beautiful-people-ashley-madison-online-dating.].

        Coffee Meets Bagel         .     ,         .     ,          .   , -         [78 - Coffee Meets Bagel Users Get Hacked on Valentines Day. March 04 2019.].

          OkCupid[79 - ElyseRomano. OkCupid Denies Data Breach Despite User Reports Of Hacked Accounts. February 26 2019.],     ,     ,               .

   Jack    ,    , -    Amazon Web services.

  ,      ,      Momo.  30          dark web   200  ( 30  ).      [80 - ElyseRomano. 30 Million Momo Users May Be Affected By Data Leak. December 14 2018. https://www.datingsitesreviews.com/article.php?story=30-million-momo-users-may-be-affected-by-data-leak.].

 ,     ,   2017.       ,       -      [81 - Joana Moll. The Dating Brokers: An autopsy of online love. October 2018. https://www.datingsitesreviews.com/article.php?story=art-project-exposes-the-questionable-practice-of-selling-online-dating-profiles.].          Tactical Tech.      The Dating Brokers: an autopsy of online love     ,     -,          .        2017       USDate   153  . ,   USDate,          ,  Match, OkCupid, Plenty of Fish  Tinder.    ,       ,  , , , ,  , , ,     .    ,  -       -.            .      , ,     .    ,        -,         .

  2019. Apple  Google          Meet24, FastMeet  Meet4U   ,      ,           [82 - Apple and Google Remove 3 Dating Apps After FTC Warns They Endanger Children. May 24 2019. https://www.datingsitesreviews.com/article.php?story=apple-and-google-remove-3-dating-apps-after-ftc-warns-they-endanger-children.].  ,      13           ,  ,    ,     .      ,                      ,    WILDEC LLC.

  2019. ,  ,   OkCupid             -  Match Group         [83 - Man Pleads Guilty to Sending Threatening Letters to OkCupid HQ. July 09 2019. kellysealhttps://www.datingsitesreviews.com/article.php?story=man-pleads-guilty-to-sending-threatening-letters-to-okcupid-hq.].     , 47-             ,     250                .        .

  2018.   eHarmony, ,       ,       .  ,          :   , ,      (. Step aside, fate. It's time science had a go at love).    :  ,           Harmony,      .           ?

          .  ,  eHarmony,           ,  [84 - eHarmony Ad Banned For Claiming Algorithm Is Scientifically-Proven. January 31 2018. https://www.datingsitesreviews.com/article.php?story=eharmony-ad-banned-for-claiming-algorithm-is-scientifically-proven.].

 ,   -     ,       ,    . ,    ,     .




   -


    ,  ,  -  -    ,   ,   ,      .

     Bumble,         .   2019.      Marie Claire Australia   Glass Ceiling Awards             : Majority Rules Award, Pay Equity Award, Family-Friendly Award, The Future-Shaper Award, Social Conscience Award, Mentor Award, The Ceiling Smasher Award, Making Moves Peoples Choice Award.      ,      ,     -   [85 - ElyseRomano. Bumble and Marie Claire Australia Honor Trailblazing Women with Glass Ceiling Awards. June 17 2019. https://www.datingsitesreviews.com/article.php?story=bumble-and-marie-claire-australia-honor-trailblazing-women-with-glass-ceiling-awards.].

      Bumble Fund,        .   ,   Bumble Fund pitch.    Bumble Fund       -    ,      , ,    ;     .

 2019. Bumble           Nude Barre  Virtue Health    [86 - ElyseRomano. Bumble Invests In Two New Female-Led Companies, Launches Charity Initiative. June 03 2019.https://www.datingsitesreviews.com/article.php?story=bumble-invests-in-two-new-female-led-companies-launches-charity-initiative.]      . ,            Bumble,      Bumble[87 - elly Seal. Serena Williams to Invest in New Bumble Fund. April 01 2019. https://www.datingsitesreviews.com/article.php?story=serena-williams-to-invest-in-new-bumble-fund.].   2019.    #InHerCourt   ,                ,    .

    Bumble      Moves Making Impact   ,  ,   :  ,     .  , Bumble   Vital Voices,  ,    -.

    Bumble          Bumble Mag     Hearst Magazines, HearstMade.       ,   ,    ,    ,  ,     Bumble  .   Bumble Mag     Bumble[88 - Elyse Romano. Bumble Announces Inaugural Edition Of New Lifestyle Magazine. April 12 2019 https://www.datingsitesreviews.com/article.php?story=bumble-announces-inaugural-edition-of-new-lifestyle-magazine.].

 Bumble    [89 - ElyseRomano. Bumble Enters The Entertainment Industry With Female-Forward Filmmaking And Music Initiatives. Monday, March 18 2019. https://www.datingsitesreviews.com/article.php?story=bumble-enters-the-entertainment-industry-with-female-forward-filmmaking-and-music-initiatives.].        Force,  ,        ,   -    .     2018   1 100 ,     (,   )   .    20            .    Bumble   ,  -    .

  Bumble Making Moves in Music     .    Bumble    -,     -  -  ,        Astralwerks. Bumble                   11.07. 2019[90 - Dominic Whitlock. Bumble to Throw Nightclub Party in Glasgow. 8th July 2019 https://www.globaldatinginsights.com/news/bumble-to-throw-nightclub-party-in-glasgow/.].

Tinder      ,    .  , Tinder      -      .   2019.        ,    , , , , ,    [91 -   Tinder: https://blog.gotinder.com/orientations/.].  -    ,   50-  [92 -          ,      28  1969   - -  - (-, -).      ,   -        .              .]. Tinder  ,         10    Human Rights Campaign      ,             ,             ,            [93 -   Tinder: https://blog.gotinder.com/introducing-single-swipe-repeat/.].  , Tinder      ,   ,           ,      [94 -   Tinder: https://blog.gotinder.com/introducing-single-swipe-repeat/.].

          #BalanceForBetter Tinder          1     ,     ,    -   -   ,       -,     ,       Tinder        ,  ,          [95 -   Tinder: https://blog.gotinder.com/tinder-opens-its-doors-to-support-international-womens-day-and-promote-balanceforbetter/.].

Tinder        .  2019.   buzzy     [96 - Tinder Launches New Festival Mode Feature. May 23 2019. https://www.datingsitesreviews.com/article.php?story=tinder-launches-new-festival-mode-feature.]. Buzzy   ,       ,       ,        .    ,            -,      .       ,    .  ,    Bonnaroo     300     ,       30 .      ,       ,   . Tinder       AEG Worldwide  Live Nation.   Tinder   ,        ,   . , Tinder     British Summer Time,    5  14  2019. -  .      Tinder      -       , ,  .

 2019. Tinder   Cosmo   Single, Swipe, Repeat    ,    Tinder.    Cosmo       [97 -   Tinder: https://blog.gotinder.com/introducing-single-swipe-repeat/.].

 ,   -               ,  .       .




     ?

, ,     


 Spark Networks,     ,  Jdate  Christian Mingle,   500         985            .           .     -   ,               .    ,                     .

            ,    ,     ,    ,     .    ,   Spark Networks                   -  ,           .

                eHarmony   2018 .       2,2   [98 - ElyseRomano. Spark Networks Ordered To Repay Nearly $1 Million To Customers. October 19 2018. https://www.datingsitesreviews.com/article.php?story=spark-networks-ordered-to-repay-nearly-1-million-to-customers.].   ,        ,       ,       ,     .

      Tinder        2018 .     230    ,  Tinder   ,   30   ,        ,    .          9,99        29   19,99      30   .

     Tinder   17   ,               ,    ,    .     50 -  25   ,     Tinder Plus  Tinder Gold[99 - California Court Finds Tinder Guilty of Discrimination in Its Pricing. February 26 2018. https://www.datingsitesreviews.com/article.php?story=california-court-finds-tinder-guilty-of-discrimination-in-its-pricing.].

   -         .    ,        ,    .  2018.  Grindr,  ,           Grindr   .   ,  Grindr     ,        ,  ,    .  ,   ,        ,  -       ,        Grindr, , [100 - Asian Man Threatens Class Action Lawsuit Against Grindr For Racial Discrimination. July 24 2018. https://www.datingsitesreviews.com/article.php?story=asian-man-threatens-class-action-lawsuit-against-grindr-for-racial-discrimination.].

     [101 - Norwegian Consumer Council Files Formal Complaint Against Tinder. April. https://www.datingsitesreviews.com/article.php?story=norwegian-consumer-council-files-formal-complaint-against-tinder.]     Tinder,     .      ,         ,          .   ,    Tinder    ,   Tinder                  .          ,   ,   Tinder   ,   .  ,      Tinder   13 , ,        , ,           .




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/g-krasnova/pro-eto-gde-i-kak-znakomitsya-v-internete/)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


https://roskomsvoboda.org/42613/.




2


https://twitter.com/ntvru/status/1055393236699754496?s=20.




3


https://reestr.rublacklist.net/distributors_main/.




4


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5


 . .,  . .,  . .      //   . 2015, 10.




6


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8


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9


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11


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20


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23


Billion-Dollar Bumble: How Whitney Wolfe Herd Built America's Fastest-Growing Dating App. Nov 14, 2017, https://www.forbes.com/sites/clareoconnor/2017/11/14/billion-dollar-bumble-how-whitney-wolfe-herd-built-americas-fastest-growing-dating-app/#2c696b6248b3.




24


Its A Match! Top 3 Marketing Strategies for Online Dating App

Vanessa Tao / April 2, 2018 http://www.10-hats.com/online-dating-app-marketing-strategies/#more-813.




25


Its A Match! Top 3 Marketing Strategies for Online Dating App

Vanessa Tao / April 2, 2018 http://www.10-hats.com/online-dating-app-marketing-strategies/#more-813.




26


      ,    ,       ( ).




27


     ꅻ   ( ).




28


         ( ).




29


       ,       ( ).




30


     :   ?   ( ).




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          ( ).




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         ( ).




33


https://www.onlinedatingmagazine.com/.




34


Martin Zwilling How Many More Online Dating Sites Do We Need? https://www.forbes.com/sites/martinzwilling/2013/03/01/how-many-more-online-dating-sites-do-we-need/#70eeb3337882.




35


Martin Zwilling/I provide pragmatic advice and services to entrepreneurs and startups. https://www.forbes.com/sites/martinzwilling/2013/03/01/how-many-more-online-dating-sites-do-we-need/#70eeb3337882.




36


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37


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38


Martin Zwilling. How Many More Online Dating Sites Do We Need?https://www.forbes.com/sites/martinzwilling/2013/03/01/how-many-more-online-dating-sites-do-we-need/#70eeb3337882.




39


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40


ElyseRomano. Dominos Announces Plans To Launch A Pizza-Based Dating App. December 07 2018. https://www.datingsitesreviews.com/article.php?story=domino-s-announces-plans-to-launch-a-pizza-based-dating-app.




41


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42


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43


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45


https://www.ibisworld.com/industry-trends/market-research-reports/other-services-except-public-administration/personal-laundry/dating-services.html.




46


https://ru.semrush.com.




47


https://ru.semrush.com.




48


https://www.datingsitesreviews.




49


https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/category/community-and-society/romance-and-relationships.




50


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51


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Use Tinder To Attract New Customers, Not Bad Dates. Jan 26, 2017. https://www.forbes.com/sites/under30network/2017/01/26/use-tinder-to-attract-new-customers-not-bad-dates/#2382d766b117.




56


Joanna Glasner. VCs arent falling in love with dating startups https://techcrunch.com/2019/02/17/its-valentines-day-but-vcs-arent-falling-in-love-with-dating-startups/.




57


Joanna Glasner. VCs arent falling in love with dating startups https://techcrunch.com/2019/02/17/its-valentines-day-but-vcs-arent-falling-in-love-with-dating-startups/.




58


Joanna Glasner. VCs arent falling in love with dating startups https://techcrunch.com/2019/02/17/its-valentines-day-but-vcs-arent-falling-in-love-with-dating-startups/.




59


Martin Zwilling How Many More Online Dating Sites Do We Need? https://www.forbes.com/sites/martinzwilling/2013/03/01/how-many-more-online-dating-sites-do-we-need/#70eeb3337882.




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61


      -.




62


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64


https://mkechinov.ru/dating-startups.html.




65


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66


ElyseRomano. Match Introduces AskMatch, a One-On-One Phone Sessions With Professional Dating Coaches. June 05 2019. https://www.datingsitesreviews.com/article.php?story=match-introduces-askmatch-one-on-one-phone-sessions-with-professional-dating-coaches.




67


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68


Angel Au-Yeung Exclusive Investigation: Sex, Drugs, Misogyny And Sleaze At The HQ Of Bumbles Owner Jul 8, 2019.

https://www.forbes.com/sites/angelauyeung/2019/07/08/exclusive-investigation-sex-drugs-misogyny-and-sleaze-at-the-hq-of-bumbles-owner/#2e6526496308.




69


Angel Au-Yeung Exclusive Investigation: Sex, Drugs, Misogyny And Sleaze At The HQ Of Bumbles Owner Jul 8, 2019.

https://www.forbes.com/sites/angelauyeung/2019/07/08/exclusive-investigation-sex-drugs-misogyny-and-sleaze-at-the-hq-of-bumbles-owner/#2e6526496308.




70


https://www.forbes.com/sites/angelauyeung/2019/07/08/exclusive-investigation-sex-drugs-misogyny-and-sleaze-at-the-hq-of-bumbles-owner/#1f932ec76308.




71


Scott Harvey. Andrey Andreev Launches Internal Investigation at Badoo. 10th July 2019. https://www.globaldatinginsights.com/featured/andrey-andreev-launches-internal-investigation-at-badoo/.




72


Online Dating Association https://www.onlinedatingassociation.org.uk/membership/oda-members.html.




73


Our Guiding Principles. Online Dating Association https://www.onlinedatingassociation.org.uk/membership/our-guiding-principles.html.




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https://www.ibisworld.com/industry-trends/market-research-reports/other-services-except-public-administration/personal-laundry/dating-services.html.




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Nellie Bowles. Shame hacking: attack on dating site for 'beautiful people' is actually pretty scary in San Francisco. 26 Apr 2016. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/apr/25/shame-hack-beautiful-people-ashley-madison-online-dating.




78


Coffee Meets Bagel Users Get Hacked on Valentines Day. March 04 2019.




79


ElyseRomano. OkCupid Denies Data Breach Despite User Reports Of Hacked Accounts. February 26 2019.




80


ElyseRomano. 30 Million Momo Users May Be Affected By Data Leak. December 14 2018. https://www.datingsitesreviews.com/article.php?story=30-million-momo-users-may-be-affected-by-data-leak.




81


Joana Moll. The Dating Brokers: An autopsy of online love. October 2018. https://www.datingsitesreviews.com/article.php?story=art-project-exposes-the-questionable-practice-of-selling-online-dating-profiles.




82


Apple and Google Remove 3 Dating Apps After FTC Warns They Endanger Children. May 24 2019. https://www.datingsitesreviews.com/article.php?story=apple-and-google-remove-3-dating-apps-after-ftc-warns-they-endanger-children.




83


Man Pleads Guilty to Sending Threatening Letters to OkCupid HQ. July 09 2019. kellysealhttps://www.datingsitesreviews.com/article.php?story=man-pleads-guilty-to-sending-threatening-letters-to-okcupid-hq.




84


eHarmony Ad Banned For Claiming Algorithm Is Scientifically-Proven. January 31 2018. https://www.datingsitesreviews.com/article.php?story=eharmony-ad-banned-for-claiming-algorithm-is-scientifically-proven.




85


ElyseRomano. Bumble and Marie Claire Australia Honor Trailblazing Women with Glass Ceiling Awards. June 17 2019. https://www.datingsitesreviews.com/article.php?story=bumble-and-marie-claire-australia-honor-trailblazing-women-with-glass-ceiling-awards.




86


ElyseRomano. Bumble Invests In Two New Female-Led Companies, Launches Charity Initiative. June 03 2019.https://www.datingsitesreviews.com/article.php?story=bumble-invests-in-two-new-female-led-companies-launches-charity-initiative.




87


elly Seal. Serena Williams to Invest in New Bumble Fund. April 01 2019. https://www.datingsitesreviews.com/article.php?story=serena-williams-to-invest-in-new-bumble-fund.




88


Elyse Romano. Bumble Announces Inaugural Edition Of New Lifestyle Magazine. April 12 2019 https://www.datingsitesreviews.com/article.php?story=bumble-announces-inaugural-edition-of-new-lifestyle-magazine.




89


ElyseRomano. Bumble Enters The Entertainment Industry With Female-Forward Filmmaking And Music Initiatives. Monday, March 18 2019. https://www.datingsitesreviews.com/article.php?story=bumble-enters-the-entertainment-industry-with-female-forward-filmmaking-and-music-initiatives.




90


Dominic Whitlock. Bumble to Throw Nightclub Party in Glasgow. 8th July 2019 https://www.globaldatinginsights.com/news/bumble-to-throw-nightclub-party-in-glasgow/.




91


  Tinder: https://blog.gotinder.com/orientations/.




92


         ,      28  1969   - -  - (-, -).      ,   -        .              .




93


  Tinder: https://blog.gotinder.com/introducing-single-swipe-repeat/.




94


  Tinder: https://blog.gotinder.com/introducing-single-swipe-repeat/.




95


  Tinder: https://blog.gotinder.com/tinder-opens-its-doors-to-support-international-womens-day-and-promote-balanceforbetter/.




96


Tinder Launches New Festival Mode Feature. May 23 2019. https://www.datingsitesreviews.com/article.php?story=tinder-launches-new-festival-mode-feature.




97


  Tinder: https://blog.gotinder.com/introducing-single-swipe-repeat/.




98


ElyseRomano. Spark Networks Ordered To Repay Nearly $1 Million To Customers. October 19 2018. https://www.datingsitesreviews.com/article.php?story=spark-networks-ordered-to-repay-nearly-1-million-to-customers.




99


California Court Finds Tinder Guilty of Discrimination in Its Pricing. February 26 2018. https://www.datingsitesreviews.com/article.php?story=california-court-finds-tinder-guilty-of-discrimination-in-its-pricing.




100


Asian Man Threatens Class Action Lawsuit Against Grindr For Racial Discrimination. July 24 2018. https://www.datingsitesreviews.com/article.php?story=asian-man-threatens-class-action-lawsuit-against-grindr-for-racial-discrimination.




101


Norwegian Consumer Council Files Formal Complaint Against Tinder. April. https://www.datingsitesreviews.com/article.php?story=norwegian-consumer-council-files-formal-complaint-against-tinder.


