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,       ,  ,       ,    1821 .[1 - Th?luck, F. A. G., Ssufismus sive Theosophia Persarum pantheistica, Berlin, 1821 ( ).]

  -  ,    ,       .    ,  ,    ,  ,       ,   1166 . , ,      , ,   .   ,         ,    .    ,   ,   ,  ,             ,   .[2 -  , ,   ..   ,   .        The Sufis () (-, 1964; , 1966), . 19, 50, 178, 179, 182, 183,184, 186, 188.  , (. J. P. Broun, The Dervishes, (, 1927), .229)       ,       .          (-,   860 .).]

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     , ,     ,  , ,    ,     [3 - ,      () (883-931).      . Garcin de Tassy,   - ( ) (, 1864],        [4 -      XV   (   -)         .     ,         .             822.  ..       ,  , , , .]          ,          , ,   ,     ,      .        ,        :   ,   ,       ,        .

  ,   ,        ,      .     ,        [5 - ԗ .     ,     ,    ,       ,     ].  ,        ,              .   ,      ,   ,     ,      .    ,     [6 - - , -  -,        , . Sirdar Ikbal Ali Shah, Islamik Sufism ( ) (, 1933. 17.],      ,     ,         ,      ,   ,  ,     ,        .       ,   [7 -       ;  ,     ,    ,       .],  -,       (   632  ..). ,       623 .            -.     ,   ,         , ,  ,   (),    (    ),         ,       .

    ,    , ,          .    ,     .  ,       ,           ,   ,    ,  ,   ,   ,      . ,    [8 -   : , .  :               ,    ;  ,   :      ,    , ,  ,     .                 셻  :         ,   . --:    .].  ,        ,    (),         ( ).           ,  ,     ,      ,     ( ),         [9 -  , .XI, . 579, 780, 581.    ,         , :    ,  Cuzari;     ;   ,  Microcosmus;   ,   .].          ,         ,   , ,    ,        ,    [10 -      ,     , ,  M. A. Ubicini, Letters on Turkey, (  ), (, 1856].

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,  :         ,   [11 - . Th?luck,  .          ,            ,   .].    ,       ()       , ,    ,            [12 - R.A. Nicholson, The Mystics of Islam ( , (, 1914), . 3-4).                .       ,    ,            (The Times, 27  1945.).].

 ,    ,      1914 .          ɻ   ,             ( XI ).      ,   ,   (      ,  , ,  ),       [13 - ..  ()  -, (Revelation of the Veiled    ), (, 1911. 34.].

        ,        ,       ,   . ,      ,     .  ,    ,   軠 ,       ,   ,    .  ,      ,    ,      .                [14 - Cyprian Rice, The Persian Sufis, ( , (, 1964), .9).      ,    ,       .    ,      Nihil Obstat  Imrimatur      .   ,     ,                ,            ,    ( , . 10).] (   ),        (   ) :            (),     .

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             , , ,      .     (       ?),       ,         ,  ,    -     :      ,  ,    .     ,    (        )     ,       ,       ,   .      .    ,           ,      .

     [16 - The Sufis (), -, 1964; , 1969]   ,  ,                  ,   ,        [17 - . Miguel Asin  Palacios, Un precurso hispanomusul-man de San Juan de La Cruz, Andalus, I (1933), p. 7 ff. .  . Nwyia, Ibn Abbad de Ronda et Jean de la Croix, Andalus, XXII (1957), p. 113 ff],    [18 - As?n, El Sim?l de loa Castillos  moradas del alma en la mistica islamica  en Santa Teresa, Andalus, II 1946), p. 263 ff],  [19 - I. Shah The Sufis () . 239; Baron Carra de Vaux  Journal Asiatique, XIX, . 63.    (  1294 .),    ,    ;    - ( )  ,       ,          1161 .      . The Sufis ().], ,   [20 - I. Shah, The Sufis (), . XVI, 155, 191, 194, 196, 203-204, 243, 370.],   ,    [21 - As?n, Abenmasarra; I. Shah, The Sufis . XVII, XIX, 42, 140, 203, 244, 246, 247, 261, 370, 389. .  J. Ribera, Origines de la Filosofia de Rimundo Lulio],  ,  [22 - C. F. Loehlin, Sufism and Sikhizm (  ), Moslem World, XXIX, . 351;  I. Shah, The Sufis, . 358],   Gesta Romanorum[23 - C. Swan, Gesta Romanorum, , 1829   .        1324 . ,    ,      ,  , ,  . , ,         .],     [24 - . Barth, Religions of India ( ), Dr Tara Chand, The Cultural History of India ( ), (Hyderabad, 1958), . 153; I. Shah, The Sufis, . 356.].        ,          [25 -  I. Shah, The Secret Lore of Magic, ( ), (, 1957).      . The Sufis, . 356  . ; I. Shah, Destination Mecca (   ), (, 1957),  . 169 .   ,   , . J. P. Brown, The Dervishes, (, 1867); (.. 1927); L. M. J. Garnett, Mysticism and Magic in Turkey (    ), (, 1912); S. A. Salik, The Saint of Gilan (  ), (, 1953); J. A. Subhan, Sufism, its Saints and Shrines (.    ), (, 1939).]       ,      [26 -          -  ,     . .( Simbolism) The Niche    Gairdner (Royal Asiatic Society, , 1924).          ; . R. Landau, The Philosophi of Ibn Arabi (  ), (-, 1959). . 4f  . .       ,  ,   ,    ,      ,    . David Bakan: Sugmund Freud and the Jewish Mystical Tradition (     ), (-, 1958).].

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  ,     ,    ,    ,           ,  ,   ,         . ,     ,        [28 - E. W. F. Tomlin, F.R.A.S., Great Philosophers of the East (  ), (, 1959.294-295.],       , ,   (     )  .     ,        ,   [29 - E. W. F. Tomlin, Great Philosophers of the West (  ), (, 1959];   ,          .         .      , ,     [30 -     1959 1960.],     ,      ,        .

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    ,  ,   (,       ,    ), ,          ,   ,      ,      [31 -      :   ໠ (Tomlin, Great Philosophers of the East (  ), . 295);     ,    ,  . (. - Sell, Sufism), (,   ໠ (Tomlin, Great Philosophers of the East (  ), . 295);     ,    ,  . (. - Sell, Sufism), (, 1910), . 11);          軠 (J. P. Brown, .  .V); ,      軠 (J. W. Redhouse, , (, 1881), .XIX);    ,         ,  (E. G. Browne, A Literary History of Persia, (, 1909), . 442);   ໠ (F. Hadland Davis, The Persian Mystics: Jalaludin Rumi,  :  , (, 1907), .1);    ໠ (Miss G. L. Bell, Poems from the Divan of Hafiz,    , (, 1928), .51);    ,  , ,  ,  ໠ (E. H. Whinfield, Masnavi I manavi,  , (, 1887), . XV);       , ,    .        (T. Burckhardt, An Introduction to Sufi Doctrine,    , (, 1959), . 5).].

 ,      ,      ,       .  , ,   ,      .  ,      (,   );    ,        ;  ,   ,    ,  , ,        .    ,    ,      ,          ,      .

    ,   ,       ,  ,        .     ,       ,    ,         .

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   ,       ?

     ,        ,        . ,  ,     ,    ,      ,                 .        , ,    ,    ,     .       :      ,  , ,  ,   ,           ,  ,  ,  ?

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,      ,   ,  ,        .          [55 -     ( ), (10771166),    (-), (13181389)],    ,      ,       .       [56 -       1934 .    , ,  , ,          .],       ,  ,       .   ,   ,             ,        ,  .       . ,     , ,    ,  ,    -   ,   ,         [57 -        ,   -,     (  910.).   . . ,  , (, 1935), .106:         ( ) .]. ,    ,     , ,    ,  ,      ,        .  , ,  ,   ,    ,   .

         ,   .   ,       ,   ,            ,     .

   ,     ,    .    :    ,   .   ,     (     ,   ),  ,            -        .  , ,     ,    .      , ,    [58 -  Fihi Ma Fihi, ( A. J. Arberry, Discourses of Rumi ( ), (, 1961)); The Mathnavi, (. R. A. Nicholson, (, 1926); J. W. Redhouse, (, 1881); E. H. Whinfield, (, 1887); C. E. Wilson, (, 1910 ..] (  1273 .),    [59 -     (. J. Stephenson, Walled Garden of Truth (   ), (, 1910)); Karnama, Book of the Work ( ); .] (XIV ),    [60 -  - (. W. H. T. Gairdner, The Niche for lamps (  ), Royal Asiatic Society(, 1924); (, 1952).    -, (Revival of Religious Sciences), (  ).] (  1111 .)   -  [61 - Futuhat Al-Makkia, (Openings in Mecca) (  ); Fusus El-Hikam, (Bezels of the Wisdoms) (    ); Kimia-i-Sadat, (Alchemy of Happiness) ( ); Tarjuman El-Ashwaq,( Interpreter of Desires) ( , , Nicholson).] (  1240 .)   ,     ,        ,    ,       .     ,  ..

   ,     ,       ,    ,      ,           [62 - . Dietrici, Der Darwinismus im 10. und 19(  10  19 ), (, 1878; , .].

   ,   [63 - ,  / , (- );    , ; .],   [64 - :             , ,        (, ):        --            .],   [65 - ,   (XI )         .],   [66 - , ., Nicholson, Diwan-i-Shams-i-Tabriz, . 32 (n.IX),    .], ,     ;     ,        ,           .   ,   ,             -  ,  -       .       - ,       ,    ,      , -             . ,    ,       [67 -  Mohammed Ali Aini, . . Rechid, La Quintessence de la philosophi de Ibn-i-Arabi(   -), (, 1926) . 66, 67].

     ,      ,  ,             ,     , ,    , ,            .         ,     ,  [68 -    (  910.)    :     ,       ,   .].

      ,      ,  ,          ,     ,       ,   ,  ,    ,   ,   ,  ,    .

           ,  .   ,   ,          ,        (       ),   ,         ,  ,  .   ,     ,    ,  ,   :   ,        .     ,    ()[69 - -: -      ( Sirdar Ali Shah, Islamic Sufism   , . 211].        .  , ,      ,   ,   ,     ,  ,       ,    ,    .

 ,    ,   ,    - ,     ,         ;    ,      ,     [70 - ., ,  (11841263),  ( ),   , . Agha Omar Ali-Shah, Gulistan (   , Le Jardin de Roses, , 1966   ,      :       ,         .             ,     ,        .        :  ,            . ,        .  ,    ,     ,   ,    . :     ,       . (,   ).],       ,  ,    . ,  ,           -        .

      (     ),           .       , ,                ,     ,         .          ,            .

 ,            (        ),     ,       ,               ,        ,     ,    ,     .       ,    .        .           [71 -        -,      , ,   ,   :      ,,   ,  ,  .      - (1040 .):     ,    .    ,      .   ߻:  ,  ?    .  ,  ,  ,  .  ,   ----. , . 124 ( ).].   ,    -  ,     ,       ,    


,   ,  -[72 -  -,  - (     ), - - ( )    S. A. Q. Husaini, Ibn Al Arabi (, 1931);  ; Burchardt ., La Sagesse des Prophetes (, 1955), p.22 f]   !

 ,    (  ,         )          .  ,   ,       ,             .       ,        .    . ,        -. .     ,  .  ,  ,    ,      ,   [73 - J. K. Birge, The Bectashi Order of Dervishes (  ), (, 1937), . 39, . 3].        [74 - Brown, The Dervishes, . 475].

      ,          ,        .   ,   ,          .   :   ,   ,   ,     ,      ,      ,  ,   .  ,       ,        컠     ,              ,   ,   ,       ,  ,     [75 -         ,  ,         , . 169].

    ,                ,        ,            ,     .        :        ,   ,     ,        [76 - P. Lawrence, Road Belongs to Cargo ( ), (, 1964    ,   .].

  ,  ,        .  ,          ,      . -     ,   ,    .

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   :

     , ,      ..      ,     Blackwoods Magazin[77 -  290,  1754, . 484-595,   291, : 1756. 123135.]  1961  1962 .     ,     ,         .         [78 - Siraat (  ), ,  1,  5,   1961, . 5, . 1-3, Sufism in a changing world (   ), : Selim Brook White (Murid]  1961 .      .     1962 [79 - Internetional Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis,  10,  4 (), . 271-274, J. Hallaj, Hipnotherapeutic Techniques in a Central Asian Community (   - ).   R. E. Shor and M. T. Orne, The Nature of Hipnosis ( ) (Selected Basic Readings), (-, 1965),  6, . 453  .]       ,        -      .            .

  , -,                      .    1960 .    Contemporary Review[80 -  197,  1132, , 1960: W. Foster, The family of Hashim ( ), . 269-71].

     ,  ,    ,      ,     ,     ,         .   , ,        Lady[81 -  CLXII,  4210, 9- , 1965: D. R. Martin, Below the Hindu Kush (  ), . 870], ,   ,   [82 -        R. W. Davidson, Documents on Contemporary Dervish Communities (    ), (, 19651967].

  The Times[83 - The Times,  55955,  9 , 1964. Elusive Guardians of Ancient Secrets (   ), . 12, . 6-8],  ,   1964 .,                 .

     -      .       She  1961 ,      1965 [84 - She () (, 1963), . 58: She Looks at religion  11;  (, 1965), Mir S. Khan, The Hard High Life, . 68-70 (  ).],   ,   ,    -    .




  


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  ,   ,       ,       ,     ,   , ,     , ,  ,   .       .         ,        ,     , ,  ,         [86 -         .-  (  860.): 黠 ,      ,      ,     .-  - (  717.):   ,        . -  (  907.):        () . ( ):    ,       ,              .     .   (  910.):    ,     . :         .  - ( ):    ,  .]. ,    :      () ,      ().

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        .   ,                 ,   ,       .  ,    ,     ,     [89 -        ,       (, 1967       ,    .].

       ,   ,  ,         . ,     ,     ,           .    :    ,      [90 -    . J.Aberry  ,    ,       ,      . (Tales from the Masnavi, (, 1961), . 19).   --,    ,     ,  :     ,   . Gibb    History of Ottoman Poetry (  ), (1900, I, 118)     ,       .].

,            ,  , ,   ,         .  ,        [91 -   (1317    ,     :   ,   ,  ,      .   ,   ,  ,       .,  ,          , ,   ,   .(--ǻ  )  :  -   -    .           .       :     , .].     ,    ,     ,   ,              .    ,   ,     .   ,   ,      ,      ,      (     ):     ,    [92 -           ,   ,               Birge,    The Bectashi Order of Dervishes (  ), (. 88),           .   I.Shah Exploits of the Incomparable Mulla Nasrudin (   ), (, 1966).],  ,      ,  - ?  ,        ,      .      [93 -         -,  ,   922 .    ,      ,       - ,    -.        .   101, .                (. . 19  ).],     ,       ,         .        , ,     .                [94 -         R. J. Liftan, Thought Reform ( ), (, 1961); J. Mann, Changing Human Behaviour (  ), (-, 1965); W. J. H. Sprott, Human Groups ( ), (, 1958); M. Phillips, Small Social Groups in England (    ), (, 1965].

  ,         ( ,  ,   ),        ,      ,  ,   ,   . ,   ,           (     ,  -   ),     (  )  ,   ,  ,   - (  VII .),          [95 -   ,            ,        ( )  ,  A. Pavet de Courteille  Le Memorial des saints ( ), (, 1889), . 11. .      Dr. B.Behari, Fariduddin Attars Tadhkiratul Aulia, (-   ), (, 1961).].  ,  ,   ( ,   ,        ),  ,  ,   ,        ,      [96 -  --,           (    ,       H. Wilberforce Clarke, (, 1890].  ,   ,  - (11881235)    ,       .  ,           ۻ (  ):

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		    [97 - -   :      /       , .   (. . . 436  -    .    , . 82.].

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     ,             ,    ,                 ,     .

        ,        (    ,      ,    )  ,         . ,    ,      ,  ,   [99 -  Professor L. Massignon, Le Diwan d`Al Hallaj ( ), (, 1955  .],     ..    ,     ,    

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   (  1337 )    ,       ,     ,       .        ,   ,       ,    .           ,   ,       .

    XIX    XX              ,   ø[100 -   Turkish Nationalizm and Western Civilization (    ), (, 1959],  ,           ,     , , ,    .

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   , ,      ,     ,          .        (. 1123)[106 -   (  1223.):        : . SwamiGovinda Tirtha, The Nectar of Grace  Omar Khayyams Life and Works ( 軠     ), (, 1941); I. Shah, The Sufis, . 164, 71.    24-    ,    E. Heron-Allen, The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam (  ), (, 1898), . 141.  :            --.   -- - :3   --  .       1967 .         .]:

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   -        ,         .    ,    -      .  ,   ,      .  - :     ,  ,    ,     [107 -    Maulvi S. A. Q. Husaini, Ibn Al Arabi, (, 1931), VI, I, . 38].

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                , ,     ,     ,   .    , , ,      ,                ,            .          [108 - R.Simac, In a Naqshbandi Circle (  ),   Hibbert Journal, (, 1967), . 67,  258,  I. Shah, Karavan of Dreams ( ), (, 1968],   .

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   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/pages/biblio_book/?art=51828631)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes



1


Th?luck, F. A. G., Ssufismus sive Theosophia Persarum pantheistica, Berlin, 1821 ( ).




2


 , ,   ..   ,   .        The Sufis () (-, 1964; , 1966), . 19, 50, 178, 179, 182, 183,184, 186, 188.  , (. J. P. Broun, The Dervishes, (, 1927), .229)       ,       .          (-,   860 .).




3


,      () (883-931).      . Garcin de Tassy,   - ( ) (, 1864




4


     XV   (   -)         .     ,         .             822.  ..       ,  , , , .




5


ԗ .     ,     ,    ,       ,     




6


- , -  -,        , . Sirdar Ikbal Ali Shah, Islamik Sufism ( ) (, 1933. 17.




7


      ;  ,     ,    ,       .




8


  : , .  :               ,    ;  ,   :      ,    , ,  ,     .                 셻  :         ,   . --:    .




9


 , .XI, . 579, 780, 581.    ,         , :    ,  Cuzari;     ;   ,  Microcosmus;   ,   .




10


     ,     , ,  M. A. Ubicini, Letters on Turkey, (  ), (, 1856




11


. Th?luck,  .          ,            ,   .




12


R.A. Nicholson, The Mystics of Islam ( , (, 1914), . 3-4).                .       ,    ,            (The Times, 27  1945.).




13


..  ()  -, (Revelation of the Veiled    ), (, 1911. 34.




14


Cyprian Rice, The Persian Sufis, ( , (, 1964), .9).      ,    ,       .    ,      Nihil Obstat  Imrimatur      .   ,     ,                ,            ,    ( , . 10).




15


   -   (  652.)    :   ,    :      ?




16


The Sufis (), -, 1964; , 1969




17


. Miguel Asin  Palacios, Un precurso hispanomusul-man de San Juan de La Cruz, Andalus, I (1933), p. 7 ff. .  . Nwyia, Ibn Abbad de Ronda et Jean de la Croix, Andalus, XXII (1957), p. 113 ff




18


As?n, El Sim?l de loa Castillos  moradas del alma en la mistica islamica  en Santa Teresa, Andalus, II 1946), p. 263 ff




19


I. Shah The Sufis () . 239; Baron Carra de Vaux  Journal Asiatique, XIX, . 63.    (  1294 .),    ,    ;    - ( )  ,       ,          1161 .      . The Sufis ().




20


I. Shah, The Sufis (), . XVI, 155, 191, 194, 196, 203-204, 243, 370.




21


As?n, Abenmasarra; I. Shah, The Sufis . XVII, XIX, 42, 140, 203, 244, 246, 247, 261, 370, 389. .  J. Ribera, Origines de la Filosofia de Rimundo Lulio




22


C. F. Loehlin, Sufism and Sikhizm (  ), Moslem World, XXIX, . 351;  I. Shah, The Sufis, . 358




23


C. Swan, Gesta Romanorum, , 1829   .        1324 . ,    ,      ,  , ,  . , ,         .




24


. Barth, Religions of India ( ), Dr Tara Chand, The Cultural History of India ( ), (Hyderabad, 1958), . 153; I. Shah, The Sufis, . 356.




25


 I. Shah, The Secret Lore of Magic, ( ), (, 1957).      . The Sufis, . 356  . ; I. Shah, Destination Mecca (   ), (, 1957),  . 169 .   ,   , . J. P. Brown, The Dervishes, (, 1867); (.. 1927); L. M. J. Garnett, Mysticism and Magic in Turkey (    ), (, 1912); S. A. Salik, The Saint of Gilan (  ), (, 1953); J. A. Subhan, Sufism, its Saints and Shrines (.    ), (, 1939).




26


         -  ,     . .( Simbolism) The Niche    Gairdner (Royal Asiatic Society, , 1924).          ; . R. Landau, The Philosophi of Ibn Arabi (  ), (-, 1959). . 4f  . .       ,  ,   ,    ,      ,    . David Bakan: Sugmund Freud and the Jewish Mystical Tradition (     ), (-, 1958).




27


    ,     ,         (   ,     ),      The Sufis. The Coombe Springs Press ()         1965 .




28


E. W. F. Tomlin, F.R.A.S., Great Philosophers of the East (  ), (, 1959.294-295.




29


E. W. F. Tomlin, Great Philosophers of the West (  ), (, 1959




30


    1959 1960.




31


     :

   ໠ (Tomlin, Great Philosophers of the East (  ), . 295);     ,    ,  . (. - Sell, Sufism), (,   ໠ (Tomlin, Great Philosophers of the East (  ), . 295);     ,    ,  . (. - Sell, Sufism), (, 1910), . 11);          軠 (J. P. Brown, .  .V); ,      軠 (J. W. Redhouse, , (, 1881), .XIX);    ,         ,  (E. G. Browne, A Literary History of Persia, (, 1909), . 442);   ໠ (F. Hadland Davis, The Persian Mystics: Jalaludin Rumi,  :  , (, 1907), .1);    ໠ (Miss G. L. Bell, Poems from the Divan of Hafiz,    , (, 1928), .51);    ,  , ,  ,  ໠ (E. H. Whinfield, Masnavi I manavi,  , (, 1887), . XV);       , ,    .        

(T. Burckhardt, An Introduction to Sufi Doctrine,    , (, 1959), . 5).




32


R.A. Nicholson, Selections from the Diwan-i Shams-i-Tabriz,   ---- (, 1898, .. 1952)  . XXXVI  ).         ,  ,   ,    ܻ (. Oriental Mysticism ( ), . 80).         :            ,         ,    .   (: , )      ,  .      ,  -      .   廠     ,    1080 .        ,  ,       .         . . P. K. Hitti, History of the Arabs, ( , 1951 . . . 562).




33


     I. Shah, The Sufis, . XVII.         1954 ,  ..    ,     1961 . . -    ,          .     (Haydens History of Dates)  (. ll):    ,  1872 .       .




34


  :        (  1162.). C. Arkon Daraul, Secret Societies ( , (,1961), . 15).      -  1961 .   A History of Secret Societies (  ).            ,   I. Shah, The Sufis;      . .   93.




35


..      , ,  ,        ,                ().       ,   (     , (-, 1950)      ( . 1963)  ,  ,   .        1923 , (The Echo of the Champs-Elysees, 1, 37,  2, (, , 13-35, 1923)      ,    ,    ,    ,    , ,   .      , (, 1952)   , (, 1950)   ,        .          ,             ,     .

  .. ,    ,  ,     ,       , ,     , (, 1951), . 7. , ,                   ,   ,  ,    .        ,   ,       ,    .    ,  ,       (, 1950),     .   ,           . . , The Fourth Way ( ), (, 1957).




36


Hammarskj?ld and Sufis (   ):      (Hammarskjold, Markings, , 1964), . 95  . C.  Readers Digest,   Dagens Nyheter, (, 1962)     ,      (174694):

		     ,
		 ,
		 ,    .
		  ,  
		    ,
		  ,
		      .




37


         ,     ,    ,        .      ----      ,      (.   32 , . 290  291,    . ). .  Garcin de Tassy, Philosophical and Religious Poetry of the Persians (    ), (, 1864).




38


. Professor Kenneth Walker, Diagnosis of Man ( ), (, 1962).          -    ,  ,            .      .  Study of Gurdjieffs Teaching (  ), (, 1957




39


, ,    , : I. Shah, The Sufis




40


F.Hitchman, Barton, 1, . 286




41


 L. A. Hill.




42


., J. G. Saxe, The Blind Men and the Elephant (  ), (, 1964),  C. Downing (.), Tales of the Hodja (  ), (, 1964




43


I. Shah, The Sufis, . 208 ; 243,       J. L. Bracelin, Gerald Gardner  Witch ( -) (,1960), . 75; A. Daraul, Witches and Sorcerers (  ), (-, 1966), . 20, 23, 24, 73, 204   . .




44


. I. Shah, The Sufis, . 187, 191, 223, 389  A. Daraul, Secret Societies ( ), (, 1961).  ,        ,   .           ( , . 195




45


A. Daraul, Secret Societies, . 22; E. J. Jurji, The Illuministic Sufis ( ), (JAOS 57, . 90, 1937); Brown, Dervishes




46


. I. Shah, The Sufis,   ,     -      .              . . Hitti, History of the Arabs ( )  G. Leff, Mediaeval Thought ( ), (, 1958




47


Leff,  ; O. B. Kapor, Research Thesis on the Mystic Philosophy of Kabir (     ), (Allahabad University Studies, 10, 1933) . 166




48


W. Ivanow, The Truth Worshippers of Kurdistan (  ), (, 1953), . 5768   . .




49


,    ,   ,    ( ,  ),        ,  ,       ,    ,     - ( ).           Senexs del Monte,    . ,   -       . ,      .  , ,     ,  Sirdar Ikbal Ali Shah, The General Principles of Sufism (  ), Hibbert Journal,  20, (19211922), . 523535. - ,       ,   . , ,      ,    -,       ( ) - - ( -);     ( ) -  -, ;      Errores Gaziorum  Ghulat Aljazair ( ).




50


I. Shah, The Sufis, . 309, 363-364.




51


 , . 309                .




52


 , . IV, XIX, 225-7,399.




53


 M. Acin Palacios: Islam and the Divine Comedy (   ), ( -, 11651240) . H. Sunderland, (,1926). La Escatologia Musulmana en la Divina Comedia (    ), (, 1961).




54


 (12071273  , ,    (), ,              .




55


    ( ), (10771166),    (-), (13181389)




56


      1934 .    , ,  , ,          .




57


       ,   -,     (  910.).   . . ,  , (, 1935), .106:         ( ) .




58


 Fihi Ma Fihi, ( A. J. Arberry, Discourses of Rumi ( ), (, 1961)); The Mathnavi, (. R. A. Nicholson, (, 1926); J. W. Redhouse, (, 1881); E. H. Whinfield, (, 1887); C. E. Wilson, (, 1910 ..




59


    (. J. Stephenson, Walled Garden of Truth (   ), (, 1910)); Karnama, Book of the Work ( ); .




60


 - (. W. H. T. Gairdner, The Niche for lamps (  ), Royal Asiatic Society(, 1924); (, 1952).    -, (Revival of Religious Sciences), (  ).




61


Futuhat Al-Makkia, (Openings in Mecca) (  ); Fusus El-Hikam, (Bezels of the Wisdoms) (    ); Kimia-i-Sadat, (Alchemy of Happiness) ( ); Tarjuman El-Ashwaq,( Interpreter of Desires) ( , , Nicholson).




62


. Dietrici, Der Darwinismus im 10. und 19(  10  19 ), (, 1878; , .




63


,  / , (- );    , ; .




64


:             , ,        (, ):

		      
		  -- 
		      
		     .




65


,   (XI )         .




66


, ., Nicholson, Diwan-i-Shams-i-Tabriz, . 32 (n.IX),    .




67


 Mohammed Ali Aini, . . Rechid, La Quintessence de la philosophi de Ibn-i-Arabi(   -), (, 1926) . 66, 67




68


   (  910.)    :     ,       ,   .




69


-: -      ( Sirdar Ali Shah, Islamic Sufism   , . 211




70


., ,  (11841263),  ( ),   , . Agha Omar Ali-Shah, Gulistan (   , Le Jardin de Roses, , 1966   ,      :       ,         .             ,     ,        .        :  ,            . ,        .  ,    ,     ,   ,    . :     ,       . (,   ).




71


       -,      , ,   ,   :

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72


 -,  - (     ), - - ( )    S. A. Q. Husaini, Ibn Al Arabi (, 1931);  ; Burchardt ., La Sagesse des Prophetes (, 1955), p.22 f




73


J. K. Birge, The Bectashi Order of Dervishes (  ), (, 1937), . 39, . 3




74


Brown, The Dervishes, . 475




75


        ,  ,         , . 169




76


P. Lawrence, Road Belongs to Cargo ( ), (, 1964    ,   .




77


 290,  1754, . 484-595,   291, : 1756. 123135.




78


Siraat (  ), ,  1,  5,   1961, . 5, . 1-3, Sufism in a changing world (   ), : Selim Brook White (Murid




79


Internetional Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis,  10,  4 (), . 271-274, J. Hallaj, Hipnotherapeutic Techniques in a Central Asian Community (   - ).   R. E. Shor and M. T. Orne, The Nature of Hipnosis ( ) (Selected Basic Readings), (-, 1965),  6, . 453  .




80


 197,  1132, , 1960: W. Foster, The family of Hashim ( ), . 269-71




81


 CLXII,  4210, 9- , 1965: D. R. Martin, Below the Hindu Kush (  ), . 870




82


       R. W. Davidson, Documents on Contemporary Dervish Communities (    ), (, 19651967




83


The Times,  55955,  9 , 1964. Elusive Guardians of Ancient Secrets (   ), . 12, . 6-8




84


She () (, 1963), . 58: She Looks at religion  11;  (, 1965), Mir S. Khan, The Hard High Life, . 68-70 (  ).




85


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86


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87


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88


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89


       ,       (, 1967       ,    .




90


   . J.Aberry  ,    ,       ,      . (Tales from the Masnavi, (, 1961), . 19).   --,    ,     ,  :     ,   . Gibb    History of Ottoman Poetry (  ), (1900, I, 118)     ,       .




91


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		     , .




92


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,    




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,   -:  ,        .  , , ,    ,        .




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   .




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 . . 55 .




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   - (  ),      .




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            .  , ,     (  ).




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		    --.
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109


 ,        ,   ,           ,      ,    ,   ,    .  , ,    ,       .




110


 .   . .


