    (19181922 .)
  


  #110    #173




    (19181922 .)





 1

   : , , 





       :   


.. 




.      ,              .   ,        .  ,           ,         .

 :    , ,  , , .



G. GOLIKOV


VISUAL SOURCES ON HISTORY OF THE RUSSIAN CIVIL WAR: PHOTOGRAPHY AND NEWSREEL



Abstract. The article is devoted to photography and newsreel materials, which recorded visual information on the history of the Civil War in the former Russian Empire. As a visual source, they contain information about the iconography of people and events. As documents purposefully created in the conditions of military confrontation on the instructions of the official structures of power, they allow to study the means and methods of conducting of visual propaganda.

Keywords: the Russian Civil War, source studies, visual information, photography, newsreel.


                 .      .  ,                ,            .

           ,    .               ,      .         ,    ,   .                  .

  . . ,      1000    200         ,              .     ,    . . , . . , . . , . . ,      .     ,         ,         [1 -  . .     . ., 2005. . 171, 300.].

                . 1917?1922 (.:  ,   , 2018. 584 .: .)       ,        .

                  (),     ( ),     (),    -  (),    :     - ( ),      (),       (), -  ,      (),  -  (),     ,     , , .      700   .

        .      -.     ,           .            . . .           . . .   1918?1922 .       . . .   1918?1920 .     . . .          .              .  1918 .       [2 -  . .       //        . 19171922. ., 2008. . 34 (   ).].

       . .      ()  - ,   ,         .   1919 .               .        .

         . . . ,    ,       . . . ,    ,         . . .              . . . .  ,    ,     1918 .           .             . . . . . ,    ,      ,      . . . ,    ,        .

        .     ,     1946 .          (),          . ,  -,  ,        .        .

           .           1918 .                    .         ()  30  1918 .          .      ,  1919 .,   ,      ,     17  40     [3 -  . .      //   . 42.].            , ,     .

  -           1918 .       . . ,  ,    ,        .     . . . ,       ,    . . .    ,   ,   .           .   ,    ,      1917 .,     .           .

      ,  . .     .  :       .  .          .        .                [4 -  (). 1933. 10. 23 ;  . .    //  . 1968. 10. . 117.].

        - .            .

  1918?1922 .         .         ,        -   : . . , . . , . . , . . .

  1919 .       - ,    ,         ,   ,   ,  ,  . ,    -   1919 .       . .   -  . . .  :       .           ,   -   .          . .      ,  ,  ,   ,   .  ,    .        . .     ,   ,             1920- .   2000   [5 -    ?   .  //  . 1928. 30. . 5.].

   .              - ,     .            .  ,   ,              .         .

  1919 .    ()          --.      . 3    :      . .   . . .         1919 .     .        --     ,  .   1920 .     ,    .

    1919 .      ,      -      .        .

           ,                 ,         .           .   ,   -   ,          ,    .

,    ,          .     .      (         )   ,           ?                   .

   . . ,    (, , ,      ,     )          .              [6 -  . .     (    1917?1920 .) //    1969 . ., 1971. . 58, 59.].

 ,          : /  .        ,   (, , , ),  (,     )     . ,           ,    .

,    173  :   - . .  (3- ),    - . .  (4- ), -   - . . - (5- ),     . .    (2- )   25  1919.   . Ļ.

     174 .  :    - . . - ( )        . 18  1919.  . . . Ļ.

    175   1-   - . .        . 25  1919.   . Ļ.

 ,    173  175      ,     .                    . ,      .

  ,  -     , ,  ,   ,                 .    ,     ,   ,        .   126    , ,    .      1919 .       .    ,      : i.    .   - ,  . ,  . ,     .

  212       i  ,       .    :        . . 1920.   . λ,      .  ,  ,    . ,  :      .

     .     :      1919 .    1920 .

      - .  I   .    1917 (65 )  ,         ,     ,           .

  II   .  1917   1918 (60 ) :     ,   ,      -     .

    1918 .     ()    - 27  (9 )                  -          .

  85  ,       . .  -      (  , ).  :   102                   ( 1918 .,   . );   104          ( 1918 .,   , );   107       -            -   (,  1918 .,   , );   113           -   (,  1918 .,   , ).

   3  1918 . -             .                    .   87?92             1918 . ,    (  ).

       .  30  (12 )  . .             .      . .              .   1917 .       . . .         .   118   . . ,      1917 . (  ,  ).   119?123        . . ,       ( 1918 .,   ,  ).

 1918 .     .      .      :    ( III  1918   1920 120 );    ( IV  1918   1922 180 );  -  ( V  1918   1920 70 );    ( VI  1918?1922 51 );       -  ( VII  1919   1921 57 );     ( VIII 1918?1922 57 ).  ,      ,    .                   .

 1918 .       .        . .      .   129  ,         1918 .         . .  ( . . ,  ).       .          .   ( 130)        ( 1918 .,   ,  ).              .       1918 .      .         (),     . . .

    1918 . ,         ,          .   147 ,        (1918 .,   , ).

 1919 .   , , .   185    :     . 1919.   . Ļ.        . . , 3  . .      .         4-       . . .     195            ( 1919 .,   , ).    197               ( 1919 .,   , ).      ,     .

       ,  ,    .     208            ( ,  1919 .,   , ).   1920 .         .      . .  ( 215, ).

  1920 . . .   . .   ,     .            .       ( 244)        ( 242).    . 13?16  1920 .    ( 247?251, ,   ,  ).   255  ,    :    . .        (,  1920 .,   , ).

            ,          .              .                 1918 .     ,     .     265     ,   .  : .  1918.   .  .

 8    .                   ,      ().           ( 280, ,  1918 ., ).

  1918 .        .                  .   257        (10  1918 .,   , ).          ( 299?302, 309?311,   ).        .           ( 308, ,  , 4  1918 ., ).

        .   1918 .    ,       ( 297     . 8?23  1918.   . Ȼ).        ().   298    . .  1918.   .  Ի.           ,          . . . 18                 .

          .     1918 .      .       , , , ,   ( 283?294).              ( 323,  1918 ., ).

     ,      1919 .,       . .  ( 355, 356,    1920 .,   ,  )     ( 357, ,  1920 .,   , ).

4  1920 . . .              . . ,        .            .   361, 364?366   . .       ,   .

        ,    ,   1920 .         ()    .        -  ()  ( 383?392).                     .               ( 399, , 22  1920 .,   , ).

 1921?1922 .    ,     .        25  1922 .    .   424?428             .

3         ( 429,  , , 1922 .,   , ).

 ,      ,      .        ,      ,     .

      - .    ,   ,   ,    . . [7 -  . .   . 37?39.].  ,    ,     : 1. ; 2.     ; 3. ,   ; 4.    .       ,       ,     :       ,  , , , , ,   . ,  ,  ,              ,         .        ,       ,       .            .

         . 1917?1922    :      .                      - .          ,       .

     . ,           ,          1920 .   VIII   ,    . .   . .    .       .       ,      .

-    , , ,  ,     ,   (  ),        ,          .

      ,     . , -, .                          . ,           . .       ,         ,    .

          . . .    ,  :      ,     . <>       .      .         .       . .         . .     .       ,       .  :   (. .    3- . . .)         䅻   ,       [8 -    ?   .  . 5.].

            ?           .  ,           ,         .




   .     - (. )


.. 




.              -.        ,     .           .     ,   .     ,    .       .

 :  -, ,  ,   ,   .



S. V. DEVYATOV


UNKNOWN ARCHIVE OF THE RUSSIAN ABROAD. DOCUMENTS AND MATERIALS OF THE KRYLOV-PLYUSNIN COLLECTION (BELGIUM. BRUSSELS)



Abstract. The article is devoted to the history of the little-known and not introduced into scientific circulation collection of documents of the Krylov-Plyusnin family. The article discusses the structure and history of the origin of the archive, library and various historical artifacts. All this is currently stored in the city of Brussels in Belgium. The characteristic of the collected archival funds, their chronological framework is given. There are thematic tables on the library, including books and periodicals. These topics are the main ones in the article.

Keywords: Collection of the Krylov-Plyusnin, History, Russian Diaspora, Brotherhood of Russian truth, Russian General Military Union.


                  ( ),      .              XIX .,            .

          ( ),            ,      .            ()   ,   19922019 .  ,  50- .        17  [9 -        . ., 1999.].                     .                     -,  ,   ,  .               .   ,            .

                        .                    ().              .    ,   ,          19201930- .        , ,  ,    -   ().          .   -         19201930- .  , ,             .  ,     ,  ,   ,     .

                 .        -,      , , ,      ,   .        XIX .   1970- .

  ,      -                  ,     .

                           (19011974)      ( ).         , ,   .

          . . ,                 11-     ;  - . . ;      . . ;          .

   ,     . . .      -. . .            :

?    ();

? .

 ,                 .    -     .                ,    ,     , , ,    .

     26    (      . .        ).      ,   1921    1930- .              .           ,    .   , ,    ,         ,          .         .        .

   (18891969)    ,      ,  ,      ,   .  1930- . . .           ,       .      (    . . , . . , . . ),     , ,       ,   .   ,          ,         .         ,       .       ( ,   . .),  . .     .

           ,     ,      1939 .,   ,   , ,             ()[10 - .  . http://rgvarchive.ru/ob-arkhive/kharakteristika-fondov. shtm.].           , , ,       . . ,            , .             ?   ? ,        .  ,  : ?   ?  .    ? i   i,  ? ?  ,            ?  , ?    , ?  ,    ,   i     , ,    ,  ?.  i,          i   ?,     ?  ,     ? ?, ,   ,     (?i ), ?      .     ?  i,     ?    i   ?[11 -  . ?   ? . . 2. : i   i, 1931. . 78.].           ,       ,          (    ,      .),     , , , , ,      ,   , .

          . . , -   ,       ,    . . ,     . .   . .   19241937 .      . . , . . ,     . .  . . ,  . . ,   . . ,    . .   . .  . .       .

              ,    ,     ,     [12 -         ,      9 (22)  11 (24)  1936 .         .] (),  -  ().

 ,              ,                .              ,    .               .             ,     . .         . . .  ,       -,  ,         .

             11-   ,     .       . .   69   .        (    ,      ,     );    컠    ,  . .   1952  1964 .  100 ,     ;    ;  (       );   .          2-  1-      (       1919 .);  .   ( ),          ,         .  , ,               ()   -    17-   .

    ,    ,   1, 1952 .        . .    12-   .   11-                  .

         , ,  ,   . .,        ,      ,         ,   .

     ,    , ,     ,     .           ,     (1931,  2)  .

   ,    .     ,     ,     .   ,   .

     ,   .       XVIII   XX .,    . . ,  ,         .      -   1213  1952 .    2223  1954 .    -      ,  1954 .     - . . ,       1901  1907 .  . .       ,      ,       .

        . . ,  .  ,       ,   1938 .         ,                 .

 - . . ,      ,      19381957 .,     . .             .      .   :        1930-  1940- .     ,     ,      ,      .     ,     ,        .      ,  ,     ,             ,    . . .           ,   . ,     ,       .

  . .  (18751934)           .      ,    . .   1917 .,       ,             .

         (    )  XX .

           270    , ,  ,   ,   .    . . , . . , . .              .

    -     .            ,   .         19201980- .,     ,      ,       19201930- .,       ,    XX .,       ,   19201980- .    ,           -  ,      .,   ,    . ,     !,   --  1919 .   ,      -.            .

  ,     -,     ,     -    .


    

.    1,5 . . (69   ).          ,  , , ,   .   ,     .

.     3 . .        , , ,   .,       .













        .  ,        3      ,       ,  ,  ,   ,    ϻ,  !,  , ,   .      , , , , , , , -, -, -, ,    .        XIX    .

            .          ,     , ,           (,    , ,   . .),     .     . ,  .  ( ),  . . ,   (),   . ,  . ,  . ,  . ,    . . , . . , . .        .

    ,     -.      .



, 18  2016 .


 !

,     (1917 .)     (19011974)     (19142010,  )        ,      25  2010           (   ),  .     ,       ,     .     , , ,     , , ,    ,    .

             .  ,            .               , , , , 

           ,               .

    ,



 , ,   .

    ,    ,    ,                   - .            .  , ,        ,            .

         , ,      ,            -.    ,    ,              ,               .

,              -     ,   .       ,   ,        .




       :  


.. 




.           .              .     .

 :  ,  ,  ,   , . . , . . ,  ,  .



O. K. KAYKOVA


THE MOSCOW KREMLIN?S DAILY LIFE DURING THE RUSSIAN CIVIL WAR: NEW DOCUMENTS



Abstract. The article deals with the problem the Moscow Kremlin?s daily life during the soviet period. Data on residents of the Kremlin during the Russian Civil War are given. Prospects for studies are revealed.

Keywords: The Moscow Kremlin, the Soviet government, the state residence, the Russian Civil War, V. I. Lenin, I. V. Stalin, residents of the Kremlin, residence books.


    1918 .          .    27                .

              .    ,         . .   .       ( ).    ,   . .    ,   1917 .    - ,        .  1955 .    . .                 .     1994 .         ,      ,     ,      . .   ,       ,       .

      . .   .  ,   1953 .,          ,   ,       .     ,   . .          ,   .   1953 .          ,   . .    1930- .   . .       .            1918 . . .         .       . .    .    . .   . .   ,          .   1921 .   . .           ,     . . .         ,    1932 . . .    .    , . .      ,     ,              - .

         .      ,   ,                  .               ,   ,  ,   ,    .        ,   , ,     ,  () ,   -    : , , ,    ,   ,        ,      ,    ,    .   ,    ,      ,         .

     , ,    , ,       .   11  1918 .    . .     ,       .    . .    . .  . .        1      .        . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . -, . . , . . , . .   .       .           ,              ,          .       : . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . ,  , . . . . . , . . , . . , . . .

      - , - ,   .   . . ,        ,    :  ,     ,    - ,   [13 - . :  . .  .   . ., 2004. . 22.].       .                [14 -  . . 1235. . 93. . 77. . 13.].

            .             5 . .  ,      .   1919 .      1000 ,    400  .        2238 ,   ,    ,   1200 .               4000 .   1919 .    40  [15 - . . 17. . 86. . 249. . 44 .].

      ,             .                        .       ,          .

      [16 - ., .:      /  . . . . ., 2009;  . .,  . .,  . .,  . .       . ., 2010;   . 90    . 19212011. ., 2011;   . ., 2018;     : 100-        . ., 2018.]  [17 - ., .:  . .   -      19201930-  // . 2011. 8. . 3342;  . .,  . .,  . .,  . .   // . 2016. 1. . 122125;  . .,  . .,  . .    .     // .   : .  . 2016. 1 (97). . 112117;  . .    // i. . 2018. 1. . 1833;  . .,  . .     // -9.      . 2018. 1 (2). . 57;  . .,  . .,  . .,  . .       ! // . 2019. 1. . 126130;  . .           //     .  100-    .   .     ӻ. ., 2019. . 11123.],             .        ,       .           ,         .

           .         ,     .   20  ,     1918  1962 .               1920- .   , ,       .

  ,       ,          .  ,              . ,     ,    ,      ,          .         ,         .         .  ,        (- ),   . . . ,  1919 .            200 .

        .         ,  ,               .  ,               . ,   , ,       -     .

,     ,           .




.. .     


. . 




.       ,  . . ,  ,   .       1920- .   .       . . ,  ,    .             ,    . .      .    ,        . . ,          .                    .

 : . . ,  , ,  , , .



E. A. KOTELENETS


V. I. LENIN. THE SOVIET LEADER IN THE MIRROR OF HISTORIOGRAPHY



Abstract. The article analyzes Russian and foreign studies on V. I. Lenin, his personality, activities and heritage. The historical scope of work covers the period from the 1920s to the present. The author considers the phenomen of the formation of the cult of personality of V. I. Lenin, the phenomen of anti-Leninians, the relationship between Leninism and Stalinism. In the course of studying this problem, close attention is paid to changing the direction of research on the personality, activities and heritage of V. I. Lenin influenced by various political circumstances. In conclusion, the author notes that at the moment the scientific analysis of the personality of V. I. Lenin, his life and heritage, is an instrument of modern political struggle. And only an impartial applied history, in the conditions of its depoliticization, will allow to solve the problem of political interpretations in historical science and historical memory.

Keywords: Lenin, cult of personality, anti-leninism, leninism, politicization of history.


      1917 . ,       ,     .   ,        ,       [18 -  . .   .    . ., 2017. C. 9.].     1917 .    .     .       .     .     , , [19 -  . .        , 19871999:    : 07.00.09. ., 2000. . 301.].        , , . . .             ,         .  -   ,        . . .      ,    XX .  , ,    ,          ,     ,        . .    . .     :     ,    .    ,    1917-    ,     ,  ,    , .        ,   ,      [20 -  . .      // .   . ., 1996. . 260.].

         . . ,  ,  .               .         ,      .  ,  1920-,   ,    . . .      :   -,         ,      !   ,     , :    .        [21 -  . .  . ., 1990. . 89.]           . . .       . . , . . -, . . , . .       .       ,     1921  1933 .         550  ,       [22 -  . .      . 78.].  . .  ,                  .                    [23 - .:  . .      (1917   1930- ). . . . . ., 1976.].       . .       .      . . ,  ,     ,      .                    . . .  ,    ,    ,  ,      [24 -  .   :     . URL: https://www.kp.ru/daily/26670.5/3692043/].

,  19801990- .,           . . .            . ,  1989 .    . .             86% .   1994 .,     , . .    33,6%    [25 -     :   :      90-  /  . . . . ., 1993;  . .   //    .   .  . 1995. 2. . 2629.]. ,  . .       . .       :  ( ),   .    . . .      :  ,    -      ,     ,  ,        ;  ,   , ,      ,            ,       ;           ,  ,     ,      1917 [26 -  . .  . . .    . ., 1990. . 205.].   1980- .   ,         ,      .              ,           ,   .   1989 .            .             1990 .[27 -  .  //  . 1987. 18 .]    ,            ,    ,   .    ,           .

             .             . ,     , ,    .    .  : ,   . ,            , ,              ,  ,      ?  ,  ,    ,    ,    ? ,     . .     ,        ,           . ,      1937 .,           ,     .   .   1957  1958 .[28 -  .  . . , 1985. . 32.]

  ,     ,     1917 .     35       .  ,     . . ,     ,            .    ,           ,   .                .  ,   ,     .       ,  .        ,   . ,      1917 .,     ,       .   25  .      1918 .         .    1950- .    .              .       :    ,    . . . ,    ,     .        . .    ,    .       -  ,           .   ,           ,  . .       ,       .  ,    1917 .       [29 - Merridale . Lenin on the Train. Penguin Published, 2017.].

     ,         ,           . .   ,    .               .          ,      ,      .      . , ,  . .    ,     , , ,  ,  -  , , ,      , ,    .  ,      ,   ,   [30 -  .   //   . 1989. 1. . 56.].

          ,        ,     , ,      ,  ,     [31 -  . .,  . .,  . .   ? // . 1989. 10. . 91.].       . ,      . .    ,   . .     :       -     .     ,      ,  ,  -      .        .      , ,  .          [32 -  . . //   (). 1990. 26 .]. . .    .   . :  ,       ,  ,    ,    .           ,   [33 -  .,  .   (    ) //  . 1990. 4. . 114117.].       ,    ,        .   ,        ,    ,   :     -  - ?     ,             .

    . . ,          .   2017 . . .      .               . ,      .          ,             .       ,      . .      19171921 .     .    , , , ,     .   ,        . .        ,            .        .  ,       . .      .     ( . , . , . , . , .   .)        ( . , . , . , . , .   .).     , ,            .

,                ,      ,     .  ,   . .     ,       ,     .       ,   ,      . ,  ,     ,             .   . .    ,   ,  ,  . ,  ,      ,     . . ,      .       .        ,      . ,            .         ,            . . .                    ,          ,    .




      - (   . .  .    )


.. 




.    ,   ,        ,      .     , -,     ,     ,      ,  ,    ,   .   . .   ,        ,   ,              ,      .

 . . . , ,   , -,  ,  ,  , . . , . . .



O. S. PETROVA


THE RUSSIAN CIVIL WAR THROUGH THE PRISM OF EGO-SOURCES (based on the Memoirs of P. S. Uvarova The Past. Long Ago Happy Days)



Abstract. The description of the last days spent by the Uvarovs in the fatherland allows to consider routine life of the family during the period when their usual way of life was destroying. Referring to the personal sources and ego-sources gives the possibility to open new pages, see the particular facets of the analyzed phenomenon, allows to find out not only what was happening, but also what the author felt. The peculiarity of P.S. Uvarovas memories is that they concentrate not on everyday bits and pieces but on the reflections with the idea to preserve and to pass on the life principles and the values inexorably destroyed by the the Russian Civil War to ancestors.

Keywords. P. S. Uvarova, memoirs, personal sources, ego-sources, the Russian Civil War, the White Movement, the Volunteer Army, A. I. Denikin, A. G. Shkuro.


  1917 .,         ,        . ,       , , , ,         . . ,   ,   ,     [34 -  . .   .    ,  1917 . . ., 1991. URL: http://militera.lib.ru/memo/russian/denikin_ ai2/5_13.html ( : 04.08.2019).],       ,      ,     .       [35 -      , 19181922. . 2. ., 1922.].

      ,    .             .       . . -[36 - - . .    . . 14. ., 1924 1933.],  .   .[37 -  .    :  , 27  1918 . 14  1919 . , 1923.]      1928 .              ,    <>   ,     . , ,    .        ,            ,      .    , ,       ?  ? ? , ?     , , ,       [38 -  . .  //      .     . , 1928.].     ,         .

               ,   ,     .     :          ,             , ,   - ;         -    .     :        ,    ,     ,      ,     .        ,      ,      ,  ,     .           19902006 .           ,    ,         1917  1991 .[39 -        : . . ., . . ., .    19171991 .  4 . ., 20032006.]

   ,    ,    ,       .          ,    ,    .   ,      ,      ,         ,  ,      ,      [40 - ., .:  . .    :     . ., 1959;  . .   XVIII    XIX .:    . ., 1991;    : ,    /  . . . . . ., 2004  .].     . . ,     ,  [41 -     . 273.].          .       ,      ,      [42 -  . . 269.],     .          -.   . . ,                ,      [43 -  . .    . .       //  ?   :  . . 8:  VIII ? ? : . ? ., 2019. . 263.].      ,      ,      ,       ,   [44 -  . .    . .  . 264.].         . .  (18401924),      ,  ,      .

    .    .     .       . . ,    .      1919 .,     .    ,       122  ,   ,          ,      2005 .[45 -  . . .     //  . ., 2005. . 144.]

    , ,     .        ,   . .       ,      . . ,        ,     .            .       . . ,    . .        ,      .

      [46 -  . .   : ( 30-    ) // . 1915. . 16. 9/10;  25-  . .        // .    . . 23. . 1. ., 1911;  . .  . .  //   - .      XIII    . . . 16. , 1905. . 18.],           [47 -  . . . .     .     //  . . . . 1027;  . .   :    . ., 2003;  . .    . --, 2003.]. ,    ,   ,   <>      ,    .       ,   ,  ,    ,       ,   [48 -  . . . .     . 10.]. . .    ,   ,    ,   ,       (1894).  1910 .       .         , , ,      ,         .   . . , . .         , ,       [49 -  . .                //            .   : [  ]. ., 1889. . XII.].

  . .      ,       ,      ,  ,     ,   .    ,     ,     ,        .  -       . ,   . .          ,    ,      .

     ,        ,     . . .        ,   ,        .       ,       ,        -,     , ,    . . . . .

     ,      ,   ,        1917 .,      .          .     ,  . .     .     .             ,      ,     .   ,     ,       ,         ,    .         19171919 .,       :  ,           ,    ,   ,       ,     . . ,     ,        .

         .   . .   ,      1917 .,       , ,   ,     ,  15  1917 .   [50 -  . .  . 235.].   ,        ,     ,       ,                    [51 -  .].    ,  ,     , ,  ,      ,     ,            ,   ,       ,  [52 -  . . 236.].           ,     . ,      ,       .   ,    . .      [53 -  .].      ,     ,        ,     ,         [54 -  . . 237.].              19171919 .

,       1917 ., . .     : ,   ,      .   ,            ,     [55 -  . . 236.]




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/pages/biblio_book/?art=51938786)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes



1


 . .     . ., 2005. . 171, 300.




2


 . .       //        . 19171922. ., 2008. . 34 (   ).




3


 . .      //   . 42.




4


 (). 1933. 10. 23 ;  . .    //  . 1968. 10. . 117.




5


   ?   .  //  . 1928. 30. . 5.




6


 . .     (    1917?1920 .) //    1969 . ., 1971. . 58, 59.




7


 . .   . 37?39.




8


   ?   .  . 5.




9


       . ., 1999.




10


.  . http://rgvarchive.ru/ob-arkhive/kharakteristika-fondov. shtm.




11


 . ?   ? . . 2. : i   i, 1931. . 78.




12


        ,      9 (22)  11 (24)  1936 .         .




13


. :  . .  .   . ., 2004. . 22.




14


 . . 1235. . 93. . 77. . 13.




15


. . 17. . 86. . 249. . 44 .




16


., .:      /  . . . . ., 2009;  . .,  . .,  . .,  . .       . ., 2010;   . 90    . 19212011. ., 2011;   . ., 2018;     : 100-        . ., 2018.




17


., .:  . .   -      19201930-  // . 2011. 8. . 3342;  . .,  . .,  . .,  . .   // . 2016. 1. . 122125;  . .,  . .,  . .    .     // .   : .  . 2016. 1 (97). . 112117;  . .    // i. . 2018. 1. . 1833;  . .,  . .     // -9.      . 2018. 1 (2). . 57;  . .,  . .,  . .,  . .       ! // . 2019. 1. . 126130;  . .           //     .  100-    .   .     ӻ. ., 2019. . 11123.




18


 . .   .    . ., 2017. C. 9.




19


 . .        , 19871999:    : 07.00.09. ., 2000. . 301.




20


 . .      // .   . ., 1996. . 260.




21


 . .  . ., 1990. . 89.




22


 . .      . 78.




23


.:  . .      (1917   1930- ). . . . . ., 1976.




24


 .   :     . URL: https://www.kp.ru/daily/26670.5/3692043/




25


    :   :      90-  /  . . . . ., 1993;  . .   //    .   .  . 1995. 2. . 2629.




26


 . .  . . .    . ., 1990. . 205.




27


 .  //  . 1987. 18 .




28


 .  . . , 1985. . 32.




29


Merridale . Lenin on the Train. Penguin Published, 2017.




30


 .   //   . 1989. 1. . 56.




31


 . .,  . .,  . .   ? // . 1989. 10. . 91.




32


 . . //   (). 1990. 26 .




33


 .,  .   (    ) //  . 1990. 4. . 114117.




34


 . .   .    ,  1917 . . ., 1991. URL: http://militera.lib.ru/memo/russian/denikin_ ai2/5_13.html ( : 04.08.2019).




35


     , 19181922. . 2. ., 1922.




36


- . .    . . 14. ., 1924 1933.




37


 .    :  , 27  1918 . 14  1919 . , 1923.




38


 . .  //      .     . , 1928.




39


       : . . ., . . ., .    19171991 .  4 . ., 20032006.




40


., .:  . .    :     . ., 1959;  . .   XVIII    XIX .:    . ., 1991;    : ,    /  . . . . . ., 2004  .




41


    . 273.




42


 . . 269.




43


 . .    . .       //  ?   :  . . 8:  VIII ? ? : . ? ., 2019. . 263.




44


 . .    . .  . 264.




45


 . . .     //  . ., 2005. . 144.




46


 . .   : ( 30-    ) // . 1915. . 16. 9/10;  25-  . .        // .    . . 23. . 1. ., 1911;  . .  . .  //   - .      XIII    . . . 16. , 1905. . 18.




47


 . . . .     .     //  . . . . 1027;  . .   :    . ., 2003;  . .    . --, 2003.




48


 . . . .     . 10.




49


 . .                //            .   : [  ]. ., 1889. . XII.




50


 . .  . 235.




51


 .




52


 . . 236.




53


 .




54


 . . 237.




55


 . . 236.


