 
 


       ,         .            ,       .          B2,        .        ,   .





 



 



 ,2020



ISBN978-5-4498-6410-9

     Ridero




Suffixes



noun  , verb , adjective  , adverb 




   


verb + -er, -or = noun     : teach teacher, work worker, write writer, employ employer;

verb + -er = noun  ,    : cook cooker, grate grater, sharpen sharpener, erase eraser;

verb/noun + -ee = noun    : employ employee, pay payee, refuge refugee;

verb/noun + -ing = noun      : draw drawing, build building;

noun + -eer = noun ,     : engine engineer;

verb/noun/adjective + -ist = noun   -    : art artist, Buddhism Buddhist, journal journalist, violin violinist, fatal fatalist;

adjective + -ity = noun  *: equal equality, flexible flexibility;

*   ,       : affinity, calamity, heredity, vicinity;

adjective -ble => + -bility = noun  : visible visibility (but: hospitable hospitality);

adjective + -ness = noun  : good goodness, happy happiness, sad sadness;

noun + -hood = noun  : brother brotherhood, mother motherhood;

noun + -ship = noun  : champion championship, friend friendship;

noun/verb/adjective + -dom = noun  : king kingdom, free freedom;

verb + -ance, -ence = noun  : admit admittance, emerge emergence;



adjective + -ance, -ence = noun  .     -ant  -ent   t  -ce: fragrant fragrance, dependent dependence;

verb + -ment = noun   *: achieve achievement, employ employment;

*    (document, monument)

verb + (a) tion, (i) tion, -sion = noun  *: qualify qualification, invent invention, oppose opposition, omit omission;

*   ,       : incursion (), jubilation (), nutrition ( ), tradition ();

*   ,   , : precise precision, profuse profusion;

    :

nd => +sion: expand expansion;

it => + (s) sion: admit admission, permit permission (but: limit limitation, visit visitation);

ere => +sion: cohere cohesion;

ert => +sion: divert diversion, invert inversion;

se => + -sion: confuse confusion;

de => +sion: collide collision, conclude conclusion;

ate, -ute, -ce => +tion: collocate collocation, pollute pollution, produce production;

ish => +ition: abolish abolition;

ge => +ation: allege  allegation

verb/numbers/adjective + -th = noun/ordinal numbers     ,     : four fourth, fifteen fifteenth, grow growth, warm warmth;

adjective + -cy = noun: fluent fluency, frequent frequency




   


noun + -al = adjective : season seasonal; practice practical;

noun + -cal = adjective *: geography geographical, history historical;

*   -ical    -ic: economical economic, astronomical astronomic, historical historic,   surgical;

noun + -ive = adjective *: act active;

* ,  -ive,      : pensive ;

*   -itive: sense sensitive;

*  -ive    -in: inactive, inexpensive, insensitive;

noun + -ous = adjective *: danger dangerous, courage courageous, fame famous;

*   -ous    noun : anxious, curious, enormous, generous, noxious, obvious, precious, serious;

 -ous  {-?s}

noun + -ful = adjective ,    : hope hopeful, harm harmful;

noun + -less = adjective ,    : hope hopeless, harm harmless;

noun + -able, -ible = adjective ,  ,  -   *: drink drinkable, sense sensible;

* ,  -able, -ible,      ,   ,   un-: unworkable , palpable ; , edible ;

noun + -ic = adjective : economy economic, history historic, optimist optimistic;

noun + -y = adjective : health healthy, boss bossy;

noun + -ish = adjective : child childish, fool foolish;

noun with -ance, -ence  -ce  t = adjective : distance distant, dependence dependent;




Prefixes





   


        .      .

     :

il   ,    l: il- + legal = illegal

im  ,    m  p: im- + polite = impolite, im- + moral = immoral

ir  ,   r: ir- + responsible = irresponsible (romantic unromantic)

in  ()    -ive: in- + expensive = inexpensive, in- + direct = indirect



  

anti- + adjective/noun  : anti-clockwise;

anti- + adjective/noun : anti-European;

co- + noun/verb : co-worker;

de- + noun/verb  : centralize decentralize;

de-+ verb : value devalue;

dis- + verb /: like dislike, embark disembark;

ex- + noun : husband ex-husband;

il- + adjective  : legal illegal;

im- + adjective  : possible impossible;

in- + adjective  : direct indirect;

inter- + adjective : continental intercontinental;

ir- + adjective  : regular irregular;

mis- + verb /: understand misunderstand, handle mishandle;

macro- + noun /: economics macroeconomics;

micro- + noun  /: electronics microelectronics;

mini- + noun /: bus minibus;

mono- + adjective /: lingual monolingual;

multi- + noun/adjective /: national multinational;

semi- + noun/adjective : circle semicircle;

over- + verb  : do overdo, work overwork;

out- + verb : number outnumber  ();

post- + noun/verb : graduate postgraduate;

pre- + noun/verb /: arrangement pre-arrangement;

pro- + noun/adjective : European pro-European;

sub- + adjective : standard substandard;

super- + noun/adjective , /: human superhuman;

trans- + noun/verb/adjective /: continental transcontinental;

un- + verb/adjective /: lock unlock, happy unhappy;

under- + verb ,  : cook undercook, charge undercharge.




Word Formation inRhymes





 


		collect collector collection
		correct incorrect correction
		instruct instructor instruction
		attract (un) attractive attraction

collect ; collector ; collection 

correct ; incorrect ; correction 

instruct ; instructor ; instruction 

attract ; (un) attractive () ; attraction 

		connect disconnect connection
		perfect imperfect perfection
		destroy destructive destruction
		pollute polluted pollution

connect () ; disconnect ; connection () 

perfect c; imperfect ; perfection 

destroy ; destructive ; destruction 

pollute ; polluted ; pollution 

		educate education
		admire admiration
		introduce introduction
		reduce reduction

educate ; education 




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