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 1

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 childfree   70-  XX .         childless    - .[4 -  ..   :     . 2013.] ,        ,    ,   , ,   ,      ,    ,     .            .   1   .     :   70-   ,   ,   .       ,   ,  ,    .      ,              .

    1990-,           The Childfree Network (    ).           .       40  childfree.[5 - Blackstone, Amy and Stewart, Mahala Dyer, Choosing to be Childfree: Research on the Decision Not to Parent (2012). Sociology School Faculty Scholarship. Paper 5. http://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/soc_facpub/5]

               .    ,       60-   ,   .    : , ,     ,        ,          ,   .     ,   .

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              ,     .        ,      ,   Kidding Aside.[8 - Nicki Defago Childfree and Loving It. 2005.]     ,               ,    .       ,    ,     :     25%.         ,        :   ,     .[9 -  .     . 2010. http://www.chronoton.ru/present/life/]

  軠  .     -       .   1980        Childless by Choice (   ).           ,      .           / ,      .[10 - Veevers J.E. (1980). Childless by choice Toronto, Toronto: Butterworth, Canada.]

       .       , .    ,            .




 2

   


           2000- ,             (2004)[11 - https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/].          .      Cosmopolitan.    6  2008      :   ,   ,   ,    ,   , , , .          ,  ,  ,  ,   ,     ,      , ,    ,    .        : ,   ,   .      .  ,      [12 - https://www.cosmo.ru/health/your_health/detskiy-ad/]

       ,         ,         .[13 - https://www.cosmo.ru/lifestyle/society/ya-chayldfri-primite-eto-i-ostavte-menya-v-pokoe/][14 - https://www.cosmo.ru/lifestyle/society/a-chasiki-to-tikayutili-net-darya-shipacheva-o-tom-chto-nikogda-ne-pozdno/ (http://vk.com/childfree_club)][15 - https://www.cosmo.ru/lifestyle/news/26-11-2015/devushka-chayldfri-rasskazala-o-travle-i-nenavistnikah-v-internete/ (https://vk.com/anti_childfree)]

 ,    12  2016     :    ,    ,  :         .    .   .        .[16 - https://www.cosmo.ru/psychology/psychology/zhenstvennost-eto-lozh-psiholog-elena-nizeenko-obyasnyaet-pochemu/ (http://psybay.ru/?p=189)]

     Mens Health  2017             .    ,      .[17 - Mens Health.  2017.]

   ( Life#),      ,   2014 :     -   ,    .   ,      40 .[18 - https://life.ru/t/ /792004 (https://vk.com/beremennostb)]

   2014  - Lenta.ru              .          .

    ,          .     .     17,5  ,       .       6  <>       3540-.

,    ,  ,        2743 ,    ,     .    , 20          .[19 - https://lenta.ru/articles/2014/09/16/demography/ (http://psymagazine.moscow/articles/090715)]

 Wonderzine 25  2017    :     .            ,    .  ,     ,  ,            .      ,   ,      .  ,   ,   ,        ,   -  .

        .       ,       ,        .        :             .[20 - http://www.wonderzine.com/wonderzine/life/life/230330-childfree (https://lenta.ru/news/2017/04/24/mosgorduma/)]

  2017       ,  ,   .       :  ,  ,      ,      .   ,  ,  ,    ,       -:  -   ,      .    ,    ,      .   ,   .

      -  :    , ,     ,        .          ,     - ,     . ,     ,  ,      ,    .[21 - https://ria.ru/society/20171105/1508218073.html (https://lenta.ru/articles/2014/09/16/demography/)]

  - Furfur            :          ,   ,   :    !      !  ,    .    軠       ,   ,    (     ),  .    40 ,    - .    ![22 - http://www.furfur.me/furfur/heros/heroes-furfur/215267-fuck_kids (https://www.cosmo.ru/lifestyle/society/triggery-nenavisti-7-tabu-kotorye-na-tebya-nalozhili-potomu-chto-ty-zhenshchina/)]

  Huffington Post -        8 ,     .      , , .    ,      .     2013              18   304 480 .      3296  37 227 .       8893 .   22 203 .      .

.   ,     ,    ,         .[23 - https://www.huffingtonpost.com/sezin-koehler/8-reasons-why-im-not-having-children-childfree_b_5705311.html (https://www.cosmo.ru/lifestyle/news/26-11-2015/devushka-chayldfri-rasskazala-o-travle-i-nenavistnikah-v-internete/)]

    Mic  ,             .    .       ,      ,  . .   , -     .   ,   ,     ,   -.    .      ,       ,  ,      .[24 - https://mic.com/articles/114040/for-young-women-not-having-children-has-become-the-rational-decision#.Rwz4bmmfv (https://vk.com/detkisuperanticf)]

 New York Times    ,         ,    .[25 - https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/21/upshot/how-a-part-time-pay-penalty-hits-working-mothers.html (https://vk.com/public147718530)]  The Economist            ,    .   ,         ,              .[26 - https://www.economist.com/blogs/democracyinamerica/2013/04/women-workforce (https://www.cosmo.ru/health/your_health/detskiy-ad/)]

         ,  軠   ,          .[27 - http://www.wonderzine.com/wonderzine/life/life/230330-childfree (https://www.cosmo.ru/psychology/psychology/zhenstvennost-eto-lozh-psiholog-elena-nizeenko-obyasnyaet-pochemu/)]

       ,         ,    .    ,   ,  , .

      , , , [28 - https://snob.ru/selected/entry/9625 (http://vk.com/club40523907)]  .. .  ,    Gracia,      (      ), ,   ,    -          .[29 - https://graziamagazine.ru/lifestyle/kakovo-eto/ (https://rg.ru/2016/03/21/minzdrav-chislo-otkaznikov-v-roddomah-snizilos-na-20-procentov.html)]

        -  ,       .            ,       . Wonderzine       ,    :     򻠖    ,              ,      .         ,       .         .[30 - http://www.wonderzine.com/wonderzine/life/life/230330-childfree (https://graziamagazine.ru/lifestyle/kakovo-eto/)]

     ,        ,     .[31 - https://ria.ru/society/20171105/1508218073.html (https://snob.ru/selected/entry/9625)]

 Gracia    ,   .           :  - ,  軠  ,   .   .            .      ,      .  ,  ,          . ,           ,          .[32 - https://graziamagazine.ru/lifestyle/kakovo-eto/ (http://www.wonderzine.com/wonderzine/life/life/230330-childfree)]



   ,      :

) (Lenta.ru,  , New York Times).     ,        .        ,             ,  ,      ..     ,     , ,  .

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 3

        


    - ,      ,           . .        :        ,        ,       .[34 - Birns ., Hay D. The Different Faces of Motherhood. N.-Y., 1988.]

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        :     ,      ;      ,                  .      ,        ,    ,         ,    ,    .[36 -  .  . .: -, 2009.]

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                        (      ),        ,       .

      , ,   . ,                 .[40 -  .   : . . , 1989.]

      -. . ,    ,         , ,         .[41 -  .    . .: -, : . 1998.]

              .[42 - Freud S. ?ber die weibliche Sexualit?t (1931).]

  ,          .               , , .       ,  ,   .              ,   .[43 - Freud S. Femininity. Standard Edition 22: 1933.]

              ,            .    ,   ,       .     ,               .      ,      ,    .[44 -    .       (Zur Entwicklung des Oedipuskomplexes der Frau).]

  ,         .       ,      , .  , .      , ,                .    , .      .[45 -  .  .  -   . .., 1997.]

    ,      22  1932 , ,            ,    . .        ,        .       ,             ,    .           .[46 -  . ,      22  1932. /Int. Z. Psychoanal. 1934, 36774 http://psycluber.com/psihologiya-dlya-profi/o-psihologii-zhenskoj-seksualnosti.html (https://lenta.ru/news/2015/11/06/iprit/)]

 . ,       ,  ,        .         .   ,     ,        .    .          ,    .          ,   ;   -   .  ,      .          .     ,         ,   .  ,           .

,    . ,         ,        .[47 - Deutsch H. The Psychology of Women. Vol. 2. Motherhood. N.-Y.: Grime & Stratton, 1945.]      ,  ,          ,   ,   .[48 - Lidz T. The Person: His development throughout the life cycle. N.-Y., London: Basic Books, 1968.]

              .   ,            ,    ,    .              .   . ,            ,  ,   .         ,         .  , .           ,      ,         .[49 - Kestenberg J. On the development of maternal feelings in early childhood. Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 11: 1956.][50 - Kestenberg J. Children and Parents. Psychoanalytic Studies in Development. N.-Y.: Aronson, 1975.]

   .   ,            .[51 - Kestenberg J. On the development of maternal feelings in early childhood. Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 11: 1956.]

 ,     , ,       . .     .  .      ,  :                       ;    ,     .    ,     ,        .           ,      . .  ,              -  .    .                . .     , ,      .  ,            .       ,    .            ,     ,       . .    ,      ,       .[52 -  .         19451952.]




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/irina-litvinskaya/prichiny-chayldfri-gid-po-psihoanaliticheskim-teoriyam/)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


- ..,  ..   : ,   - . ..:  ,  , 2010.




2


Van de Kaa D.J. (2001b). Demographic Transition, Second. International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences.




3


https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/




4


 ..   :     . 2013.




5


Blackstone, Amy and Stewart, Mahala Dyer, Choosing to be Childfree: Research on the Decision Not to Parent (2012). Sociology School Faculty Scholarship. Paper 5. http://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/soc_facpub/5




6


https://genderlibrary.files.wordpress.com/2015/02/shulamith-firestone.pdf




7


Rich A. Of Woman Born: Motherhood as Experience and Institution. N.-Y., 1976.




8


Nicki Defago Childfree and Loving It. 2005.




9


 .     . 2010. http://www.chronoton.ru/present/life/




10


Veevers J.E. (1980). Childless by choice Toronto, Toronto: Butterworth, Canada.




11


https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/




12


https://www.cosmo.ru/health/your_health/detskiy-ad/




13


https://www.cosmo.ru/lifestyle/society/ya-chayldfri-primite-eto-i-ostavte-menya-v-pokoe/




14


https://www.cosmo.ru/lifestyle/society/a-chasiki-to-tikayutili-net-darya-shipacheva-o-tom-chto-nikogda-ne-pozdno/ (http://vk.com/childfree_club)




15


https://www.cosmo.ru/lifestyle/news/26-11-2015/devushka-chayldfri-rasskazala-o-travle-i-nenavistnikah-v-internete/ (https://vk.com/anti_childfree)




16


https://www.cosmo.ru/psychology/psychology/zhenstvennost-eto-lozh-psiholog-elena-nizeenko-obyasnyaet-pochemu/ (http://psybay.ru/?p=189)




17


Mens Health.  2017.




18


https://life.ru/t/ /792004 (https://vk.com/beremennostb)




19


https://lenta.ru/articles/2014/09/16/demography/ (http://psymagazine.moscow/articles/090715)




20


http://www.wonderzine.com/wonderzine/life/life/230330-childfree (https://lenta.ru/news/2017/04/24/mosgorduma/)




21


https://ria.ru/society/20171105/1508218073.html (https://lenta.ru/articles/2014/09/16/demography/)




22


http://www.furfur.me/furfur/heros/heroes-furfur/215267-fuck_kids (https://www.cosmo.ru/lifestyle/society/triggery-nenavisti-7-tabu-kotorye-na-tebya-nalozhili-potomu-chto-ty-zhenshchina/)




23


https://www.huffingtonpost.com/sezin-koehler/8-reasons-why-im-not-having-children-childfree_b_5705311.html (https://www.cosmo.ru/lifestyle/news/26-11-2015/devushka-chayldfri-rasskazala-o-travle-i-nenavistnikah-v-internete/)




24


https://mic.com/articles/114040/for-young-women-not-having-children-has-become-the-rational-decision#.Rwz4bmmfv (https://vk.com/detkisuperanticf)




25


https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/21/upshot/how-a-part-time-pay-penalty-hits-working-mothers.html (https://vk.com/public147718530)




26


https://www.economist.com/blogs/democracyinamerica/2013/04/women-workforce (https://www.cosmo.ru/health/your_health/detskiy-ad/)




27


http://www.wonderzine.com/wonderzine/life/life/230330-childfree (https://www.cosmo.ru/psychology/psychology/zhenstvennost-eto-lozh-psiholog-elena-nizeenko-obyasnyaet-pochemu/)




28


https://snob.ru/selected/entry/9625 (http://vk.com/club40523907)




29


https://graziamagazine.ru/lifestyle/kakovo-eto/ (https://rg.ru/2016/03/21/minzdrav-chislo-otkaznikov-v-roddomah-snizilos-na-20-procentov.html)




30


http://www.wonderzine.com/wonderzine/life/life/230330-childfree (https://graziamagazine.ru/lifestyle/kakovo-eto/)




31


https://ria.ru/society/20171105/1508218073.html (https://snob.ru/selected/entry/9625)




32


https://graziamagazine.ru/lifestyle/kakovo-eto/ (http://www.wonderzine.com/wonderzine/life/life/230330-childfree)




33


https://www.cosmo.ru/lifestyle/society/triggery-nenavisti-7-tabu-kotorye-na-tebya-nalozhili-potomu-chto-ty-zhenshchina/ (https://www.cosmo.ru/lifestyle/society/a-chasiki-to-tikayutili-net-darya-shipacheva-o-tom-chto-nikogda-ne-pozdno/)




34


Birns ., Hay D. The Different Faces of Motherhood. N.-Y., 1988.




35


 . . .: , 2007.




36


 .  . .: -, 2009.




37


 .   : . ., 1991.




38


 .      //  : . . /. .. . ., 1990.




39


 .    . .: -, : . 1998.




40


 .   : . . , 1989.




41


 .    . .: -, : . 1998.




42


Freud S. ?ber die weibliche Sexualit?t (1931).




43


Freud S. Femininity. Standard Edition 22: 1933.




44


   .       (Zur Entwicklung des Oedipuskomplexes der Frau).




45


 .  .  -   . .., 1997.




46


 . ,      22  1932. /Int. Z. Psychoanal. 1934, 36774 http://psycluber.com/psihologiya-dlya-profi/o-psihologii-zhenskoj-seksualnosti.html (https://lenta.ru/news/2015/11/06/iprit/)




47


Deutsch H. The Psychology of Women. Vol. 2. Motherhood. N.-Y.: Grime & Stratton, 1945.




48


Lidz T. The Person: His development throughout the life cycle. N.-Y., London: Basic Books, 1968.




49


Kestenberg J. On the development of maternal feelings in early childhood. Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 11: 1956.




50


Kestenberg J. Children and Parents. Psychoanalytic Studies in Development. N.-Y.: Aronson, 1975.




51


Kestenberg J. On the development of maternal feelings in early childhood. Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 11: 1956.




52


 .         19451952.


