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  ,       ,         ,     .            . ,         .            , ,   [3 - Randall V. A., Sundberg J. P., Philpott M. P. Animal And in vitro Models for the Study of Hair Follicles // Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings (June 2003), 8 (1): 3945.].


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,  ,    ,     .     ⠖  ,     ()   XIX .        .      4, ࠖ  3,5. ,          [7 - Linus the Long-Haired Wonder Horse // Scribol (May 2018). https://scribol.com/environment/animals-environment/linus-the-long-haired-wonder-horse/ (https://scribol.com/environment/animals-environment/linus-the-long-haired-wonder-horse/).].

    ,     . ,    ࠖ     .     .    (  )   ,     蠖       .  ,     ,   :             . ,        .      堖 ,   ,         . -           ,   蠖   ,    .         ,   [8 - Uno H., Kenji Adachi, Ph.D., and Montagna W. Baldness of the Red Uacari (Cacajao Rubicundus): Histological Propertiesand Enzyme Activities of Hair Follicles // Journal of Gerontology (Jan 1969), 24 (1): 2327.].

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 .       ,        ,   :         .    +20       . ,     ,         .  ,        .       ,    .   ,  ,    ,     [12 -   .  . http://www.moscowzoo.ru/animals/mlekopitayushchie/yaponskiy-makak/ (http://www.moscowzoo.ru/animals/mlekopitayushchie/yaponskiy-makak/) ( : 15.04.2020).],     ,    [13 - Inagaki H., Hamada Y. Differences in Hair Density of Japanese Monkeys (Macaca Fuscata Fuscata) with Localityand Age // Primates (Jan 1985), 26(1): 8590.].








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 50            [17 - Schwartz G. G. and Rosenblum L. A. Allometry of Primate Hair Density and the Evolution of Human Hairlessness // American Journal of Physical Anthropology (1981), 55 (1): 912.].        ,  ,       160  100-    - .         ,         (  ).   ,    ,        . ,    -    .

 2013         [18 - Sandel A. A. Brief Communication: Hair Density and Body Mass in Mammals and the Evolution of Human Hairlessness // American Journal of Physical Anthropology (2013), 152: 145150.],        ,    ,         29  .  ,    ,    .          ,        젖 .

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  2011     , , ,         .   , ,    ,     ࠖ  .           ࠖ Australopithecus sediba,        .                      ,      .    ,           [25 -  ..   .    // .. 10.09.2011. http://antropogenez.ru/single-news/article/126/ (http://antropogenez.ru/single-news/article/126/).].      ,     ?                  ,        ,       .








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 1966         ,      Science[27 - Glass B. Evolution of Hairlessness in Man // Science (1966), 152 (3720): 294.].   ,        ,        .     ࠖ ,        ,         ,           .            ,   .        :     堖     ,         .








    Science     [28 - Brace C. L., Hailman J. P., Kennington G. S., Hershkovitz Ph., Olson W. S. What Ever Happened to Hairy Man? // Science (1966), 153 (3734): 362364.].   ,          ,        ?  , ,      ,       !         ,           ,        ?            ,        ? , ,       堖  ,      ?    ,  ,        ,    ?       ?            ,    .

   ,   ,     ,       [29 - Chatterjee S. K. The Pattern of Indian Clothing in Relation to Tropical Climate // Journal of Human Evolution (1978), 7: 9599.].

,         ,       . ,    ,       ,     ,         (42 . .) [30 - Gilligan, I. Another Tasmanian Paradox: Clothing and Thermal Adaptations in Aboriginal Australia. BAR International Series. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2007.].    ,       ,   ,   ,        ,     ,    .           (  , ,  [31 - Wyndham C. H. and Morrison J. F. Adjustment to Cold of Bushmen in the Kalahari Desert // Journal of Applied Physiology (1958), 13: 219225.])      [32 - Gilligan I., Bulbeck D. Environment and Morphology in Australian Aborigines: A Re-analysis of the Birdsell Database // American Journal of Physical Anthropology (2007), 134: 75.].

         . , ,   ,         ,  蠖      ,  28 000  ,        [33 - Gilligan I. Clothing and Modern Human Behaviour: Prehistoric Tasmania as a Case Study // Archaeology in Oceania (Oct 2007), 42 (3): 102111.].

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, ,      ,   ,   ,   ,   . ,     ,  [38 -  ..    ? // XX2 . 15.08.2016. https://22century.ru/allsorts/31315 (https://22century.ru/allsorts/31315).].

 ,        .  ,    Homo sapiens       ,    -  .  ,   ,    ? ,      Homo  ,    ,   .   ,   Homo ergaster,   Homo erectus,     ,   .    , ,    ,        .     900 000  , ,   ,   (!)      [39 - Carbonell E., Garc?a-Antn M., Mallol C., Mosquera M., Oll A. The TD6 Level Lithic Industry from Gran Dolina, Atapuerca (Burgos, Spain): Production and Use // Journal of Human Evolution (1999), 37: 653693.],[40 - Parsa J. M., Arnolda L., Duvala M., Demuroa M., Prez-Gonzlez A. Reassessing the Age of Atapuerca-TD6 (Spain): New Paleomagnetic Results // Journal of Archaeological Science (De 2013), 40 (12): 45864595.].      ,    ,            , ,       (400 000 )  --   (180 000 )[41 - Gilligan I. The Prehistoric Development of Clothing: Archaeological Implications of a Thermal Model // Published online (Jan 2010) # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC (2009).].          ,         200 000 .



        ,    [42 - Kittler R., Kayser M., Stoneking M. Molecular Evolution of Pediculus humanus and the Origin of Clothing // Current Biology (Aug 2003), 13 (16): 14141417. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982203005074 (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982203005074) ( : 15.04.2020).].      頖 ,   .      ,  ࠖ    .   Pediculus humanus ,    ,  :  P. humanus capitis     ,   P. humanus corporis      ,   ,   .        Pediculus schaeffi ,         67  ,      .     - ?          .          26   14     ,         . -,  ,     ,   ,   ,    ,   . -,     ,           72 000  !        107 000 [43 - Kittler R., Kayser M., Stoneking M. Molecular Evolution of Pediculus Humanus and the Origin of Clothing // Current Biology (Dec 2004), 14 (24): 2309.]. ,  ?       , ,           .


 , ,     .    :   2004       ,   1  ,          [44 - Reed D. L., Smith V. S., Hammond S. L., Rogers A. R, Clayton D. H. Genetic Analysis of Lice Supports Direct Contact between Modern and Archaic Humans // PLoS Biology (Nov 2004), 2 (11): e340.].  ,    ,         ,     ,  -    .      ,   , ,   ,   , ,      -      [45 - Light J. E., Toups M. A., Reed D. L. Whats in a Name: The Taxonomic Status of Human Head and Body Lice // Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution (2008), 47: 12031216.].

,  2010                   ,     , ,  170 000  .    ,  ,        .

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  . ,          ,        ࠖ      .   ?  ,    ,      [46 -  .. -0.   .  I // XX2 . 18.08.2015. https://22century.ru/popular-science-publications/history_of_housing1 (https://22century.ru/popular-science-publications/history_of_housing1).( : 15.04.2020).].    !   , , .      .       ,           , , ,     .           ,  ,  ,  ,  .      , ,  ; ,   ,      .            ⠖    ,          .       .             .

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,       .        .    頖   ?  , ,   ,   .   ,   ?   !  ,  ,       ,       .    ,  ,  ,        .     ![47 - Moore J. D. The Prehistory of Home. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2012, . 288.]

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      , ,   頖    ,       350 000 .   :       ;    ,   , 9  ;  .             .    .   ?[50 - Moore J. D. The Prehistory of Home. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2012, . 288.]

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,    ,       ,   .    [52 - ,    ,   ,   .].         .     ,     Homo sapiens,   ,    - .

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         1 .    :     , 780 000 .             .    ,     .  ,   蠖       [53 - Roebroeks W., Villa P. On the Earliest Evidence for Habitual Use of Fire in Europe // PNAS (Mar 2011).].

  ,  ,  ,  ,           . ,          300400 000 .         , ظ    ,   [54 -  ..   700         // .. 17.03.2011. http://antropogenez.ru/single-news/article/70/ (http://antropogenez.ru/single-news/article/70/).].         1  .

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       ,      . ,    XX , ,      .         ,    ,     [62 - Lehmann T. Ectoparasites: Direct Impact on Host Fitness // Parasitology Today (1993), 9 (1).],[63 - Booth D. T., Clayton D. H. and Block B. A. Experimental Demonstration of the Energetic Cost of Parasitism in Free-Ranging Hosts // Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. B (1993): 125129, 253.].  ,      ,        [64 -  .  . .: , 2002.].         ,          .         .     ,  .               .         -  .      ,      ,        ,     .

        ,       ,     28%   (     [65 - Rantala M. J. Human Nakedness: Adaptation against Ectoparasites? // International Journal for Parasitology 29 (1999): 19871989.].  ,   ,    ,     ).      ⠖    :           400 ,   [66 - Sutherland C. The Parasites of Homo sapiens an Annotated Checklist of the Protozoa, Helminths and Arthropods for Which We Are Home // Parasite Immunology (2003), 25: 401.]. ,        ,      [67 - Ashford R. W. Parasites as Indicators of Human Biology and Evolution // Journal of Medical Microbiology (2000), 49 (9): 771772.], ,      ,   . , ࠖ       :         ,       .

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    .             [70 - Hassanloo Z., Fenton M. B., DeLaurier J. D., and Eger J. L. Fur Increases the Parasite Drag for Flying Bats // Canadian Journal of Zoology (1995), Vol. 73.].     (parasite drag)   :       ,     [71 -  . .:     , 2011.]. ,       .             Journal of Zoology,         [72 - Rantala M. J. Evolution of Nakedness in Homo sapiens // Journal of Zoology (2007), 273: 17.].







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