 .     
 


  ()
              ,     14551485 ,                        ,  ,       .     ,        ,    ,           .              ,                 ,    .

,   , ,    ,    ,         ,      .





 

 :     



 David Grummitt, 2012

  ..,    , 2020

    , .    -, 2020




























   [1 -             ,   .               . . . .],       ,         [2 - H.E.Marshall. Our Island Story: A History of England for Boys and Girls. London: T. C. and E.C.Jack, 1905.].             ,   ,        ,  - .       ,        .              XV,             ,       ,    .           ,                .          ,                     [3 - G.Harriss. Shaping the Nation: England, 13601461. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.].

        .         .  XV     ,            ,       .    ,      ,     ,        .          ,       ,        .  ,        ,    :         ,   ,      .          .            ,        .

              : ?,        ,      ; ?,        ; ?,       ,      .         ,       ,       1450.      :   ( 1399 1459);         14591464, 1469147114831487;    .






     





     ?


   ,     ..,     ,    ,      .    ,       -           .                1450    III 1483.          ,       [4 - C.B.McCullagh. The Logic of History: Putting Postmodernism in Perspective. London: Routledge, 2003. P.125127.].             . ?  ,         .    ,     ;  ,       .    ,                 1829    ( ,  ; Anne of Geierstein, or The Maiden of the Mist),   XV      . ,    XV    ,      ,       [5 - J.R.Lander. Crown and Nobility 14501509. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1976. P.57.].

           , ,       ,       .  ,          ( ,  ); ,           ,      .       ,  IV,  1485,                . , ,              .     ,       ,      ,        [III] ,   [],    [  IV],    [6 - N.Pronay, J.Cox (eds.). The Crowland Chronicle Continuations: 14591486. Stroud: Sutton Publishing, 1986. P.185.].    ,             [7 -         .   ,    , . .]  ,       ,             .  ,   XV             ,   ,        c        .                           VII,         VIII,          .    XV        .




      


    XV        ,       .      ,                 .    ,       VI,          ,    ,   ,    .               .   VI 1461      .  1471   ,     ,  ,    ,       1483                .          ,      1431 1471,       (  ,     1471).       VI  , ,    ,   ,     [8 - W.Marx (ed.) An English Chronicle. 13771461. Woodbridge: Boydell and Brewer, 2003. P.79.].     ,    .   :          -        1450,               1485.

        XV,     .  ,    1516    ,   1223 1485 (   1509).        ,    VII,    1534-.           (  VI      ),        (    蠫  軠 )          . XV     ,    1399 II        1485-.  ,   ,         ,    III,  1513,     ,      ,      .    ,   , ,     ,             1399.          .              IV  1461,     III, 1483-,       1486,       .

         1548,            .     1399,        XV,    .      ,     1399       ,         ,   II    ,   .          IV.   -     :  ,  , ,   (    ,  ),               [9 - H.Ellis (ed.). Halls Chronicle/ London: J.Johnson, 1809. P.13.].      ,     1561,    XV     .          :         ,   ,   .          ,         ,    ,     ,   ,   [ ] [10 - A.J.Pollard. The Wars of the Roses. Basingstoke: MacMillan, 1988. P.910.].

 ,                   .       ,    II 1399,    VII            ,      VI   蠫III,   II, IV   蠫V.  ,    ,         . , ,  VI   ,           ,          .        ,       ,   (  III)[11 - III        .      1461.   1483. . . .],   ,   ,  .            .

  :      . II           ,     :          .  ,   ,           ,    1399.  ,   IV,    ,  III  V, ,    ,        .

    ,   ,           15951609,        ,                .          ,  XVI                 .




      


              XIX. Ѡ1820-            ,       ( ).       ,                          .          ,   (18251901), 1866        .                 . -,      ,          XV. -,                    ,            XV.

     ,        : ,     ,       .  XX    ,           .   XV       ,                 .    ,       ,        .  ,   ,       ,        [12 - W.Stubbs. Select Charters and Other Illustrations of English Constitutional History. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1870. P. XV.].   ,       ,  I, ,  ,       ,    .

             III.                          .     ,    ( )    .          ,  ,     ,  IV     ,         .     ,   VI,        ,      .                 (  ),        .   ,                 XVII      :      ,    ,         [13 - W.Stubbs. The Constitutional History of England. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1897. Vol. 3. P.294.].

   XV       , ,  ,       ,   .               ,  1885,       ,      VI.   ,      -       ,       ,     ,        .         ,      (    ,       ),     .      XV  ,      ,    ,   [14 -   (The Paston Letters)       1422 1509.,        XV. . . .].

   ,   ,     XV     .            ,    .   ,      II,   ,   ,   -   -      (         !).

           XV,         ,  .       1911 : ,     ,     VI, IV III     ,          [15 - Pollard. Wars of the Roses. P.1213.].

 ()    XV       XX. , ,   ,       .   ,    (18371883),       , 1874        .     XV    . -,      IV VII,                ,  ?,    .            ,     .   ,   :   XV     ,     ?           ,  ,    ,   ,       [16 - J.R.Green. A Short History of the English People. London: Harper and Brothers. 1878. P.301.].             .           ,     VII   ,      .               XX      (18521926).

    ,  ,                    XV.  1923      .            XV.     ,             XV.            ,   ,     ,     ,      ,   -      ,          ,     [17 - C.L.Kingsford. Prejudice and Promise in Fifteenth Century England. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1925.].




..      


  XX   ,         XV,    (19031966).    ,                     [18 - G.L.Harriss. Kenneth Bruce McFarlane (19031966)// Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.].         XV,       ,      ,       ...            .            .

                  ,     .        .         (      ),         .    ,    -,  ,   ,         ,        .    (   )      ,          ,       ,            .                      .         , ,         (   ).

           XV.   ,          .          ,         XV,      .     ,   ,    .  ,        .      ,  ,        ,          ,       .

      ,   [19 - -   (   )   (indenture,  . dens  ),  :   ,    ,      .],   ,        ,      .         ,           ,   ,    .          ,              ,      ,   -     . , ,     ,    ,              VI. ,     ,   III     ,     ,          ,      .

      (, ,        ,       ).   1964        :            ,     ,       ,          [20 - K.B.McFarlane. The Wars of the Roses// G.L.Harriss (ed.). England in the Fifteenth Century. London: Hambledon Press, 1981. P.238239.].            VI  ,      1469147114831487     IV (    ) ,   (  , V).

       XV,     ,       .  ,              ,           .      ,                 .               .   ,   ,   1471            .    :        .    XV   ,              .

      ,         XV  . Ѡ1970-    (       )              .  ,     ,     ,             .            . ,       XV (       ,       - )       , .

       ,         .             ,  , ,           XV;   ,          .         (     ,  XIV, ),         ,      .       ,     XIV   1629    I.      ,      ,       ,   ,           [21 - Harriss. Shaping the Nation. P.653.].

        ,         VI         :      ;            ; , ,            .  1471 IV   ,  VI      ,           ,     .      ,    VI,  1483      V,  -    .   1450- 1460-  -  ,         .      1480-    ,   .

                     ,           ,       ,         ;            .  ,  (   ,          )         ,   - .    ,              ,      ,    . ,             .

  XV       .            .              .    XV, , ,         ;   XV    .       .              ,     : ,       1487       ,    [22 - M.Hicks. The Wars of the Roses. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2009. P.262264.].




 


                XV   ?           ,      :        ,  蠫.                ,  ,        .             .       ,      .      ?  :       ,      .        ,          .           ,          [23 - D.Hoak. Tudor Political Culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995). P.1.].                        .

  ,         ,      .       ,        ,          ,    ,       .  ,    ,           (,   )    ,    ,      .            (     ,    )         ,  XV.

            -       .  ,  .         ,     .       ,                ,               ,       [24 -   .: Ch.Carpenter. Introduction: Political Culture, Politics and Cultural History// Ch.Carpenter, L.Clark (eds.). The Fifteenth CenturyIV. Woodbridge: Boydell and Brewer, 2004. P.119.].       .         XV     .                         .    ,        ,       ,        XV,   .  ,    ,    ,   蠫,       ,   ,  .

                  ,       .   :                 (  )       .                  ,      ,            XV   ,        , ,   ,      .




1







1

 : , 13991449



           ,    1399    II  ,  .     :  IV        1461 ,     ,          .   ,       ,    ,            ,    ,   ,    [25 - R.Horrox (ed.). EdwardIV: Parliament of 1461. Text and Translation// Chris Given-Wilson et al. (eds.). PROME: The Parliament Rolls of Medieval England. Leicester: Scholarly Digital Editions, 2005. Item 9.].  1399         ,           .               :   1399        . ,      ,          ,           -        XV         1455.




13991413:  


30 1399  -                 II.     ,      ,   ,       .         , ,     ,    , ,   .                   III                [26 - Chris Given-Wilson et al. (eds.). HenryIV: Parliament of 1399 October. Text and Translation// PROME. Item 17.].     -  ,      .    .

 1399   .  II             .  ,     ,     .         ,        .  ,                 .   IV    .






  IV. (13661413).  .       (Catalogue of the Royal and Noble Authors) .. , 1806

 Georgios Kollidas / shutterstock.com



- (   ),  -               .        蠫 . IV,  ,    ,  ,          .                     .   , ,     ,     . ,                .               ,          .  1401      ,                  .  , 1406        ,  ,     ,          [27 - F.S.Haydon (ed.). Eulogium Historiarum sive Temporis. London: Rolls Series, 1863. Vol. 3. P.409.].

-,       ,     . IV    ,             .    ,   ,           [28 - M.Bennett. RichardII and the Revolution of 1399. Stroud: Alan Sutton, 1999. P.204.].  1402     ,        ,          .  ,         ,      . ,     1399   , ,          .             1405.    1402              , :      ,  ,        [29 - Calendar of Patent Rolls, 14011405. P.126.].            ,    , .            .    ,     ,     ,     .     ,       .

?,     .              ,   ,  ,      III.         ,  ,         I,  II,   .   IV   ,       ,  :        ,  .       ,   III,    ,      1376     [30 -  1376.    III,   ,            ,         (1377)       .].                     ,    III,  ,    ,    .                ,       .

   IV   .    ,    ,     ,  ,     . ,      ,      ,   ,   ,        ,         (  ,  , ,  ).     II 1397     -[31 -     ,        .]               ,       .

            :       ,     1399 . ,  ,    -     1402,   ,  ,   .  ,   ,     ,     .  ,       1400  ,   ,              .         .             .      ,      (,      ,  );      .      ,  ,   II,          .

                    ,    .  , ,  , ,              .

,    IV          .        .   1402   ,            .  1406               .   1407              ,  [32 -       . ,  I,   (principality).        ,        ,    hier apparent (  ). ,      .],          .            ,          ,      .   14101411       ,              . , ,  ,          ,       .         .    1412     ,    ,  ,     ,         . 20 1413 IV ,       [33 - A.J.Pollard. Late Medieval England, 13991509. Harlow: Longman, 2000. P.63.].        , 9      V.






  V (13861422).  .       .. , 1806

 Georgios Kollidas / shutterstock.com



    ,   1399.      ,      ,       .       . -,      ,     ,      . -,         .             ,          .  ,  IV          ,        .  ,               ,       .  ,  ,            .         XV.




14131437:  


V      ,   .     ..,     :            ,     ,  ,      [34 - K.B.McFarlane. Lancastrian Kings and Lollard Knights. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1972. P.133.]




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/pages/biblio_book/?art=55594426)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


            ,   .               . . . .




2


H.E.Marshall. Our Island Story: A History of England for Boys and Girls. London: T. C. and E.C.Jack, 1905.




3


G.Harriss. Shaping the Nation: England, 13601461. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.




4


C.B.McCullagh. The Logic of History: Putting Postmodernism in Perspective. London: Routledge, 2003. P.125127.




5


J.R.Lander. Crown and Nobility 14501509. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1976. P.57.




6


N.Pronay, J.Cox (eds.). The Crowland Chronicle Continuations: 14591486. Stroud: Sutton Publishing, 1986. P.185.




7


        .   ,    , . .




8


W.Marx (ed.) An English Chronicle. 13771461. Woodbridge: Boydell and Brewer, 2003. P.79.




9


H.Ellis (ed.). Halls Chronicle/ London: J.Johnson, 1809. P.13.




10


A.J.Pollard. The Wars of the Roses. Basingstoke: MacMillan, 1988. P.910.




11


III        .      1461.   1483. . . .




12


W.Stubbs. Select Charters and Other Illustrations of English Constitutional History. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1870. P. XV.




13


W.Stubbs. The Constitutional History of England. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1897. Vol. 3. P.294.




14


  (The Paston Letters)       1422 1509.,        XV. . . .




15


Pollard. Wars of the Roses. P.1213.




16


J.R.Green. A Short History of the English People. London: Harper and Brothers. 1878. P.301.




17


C.L.Kingsford. Prejudice and Promise in Fifteenth Century England. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1925.




18


G.L.Harriss. Kenneth Bruce McFarlane (19031966)// Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.




19


-   (   )   (indenture,  . dens  ),  :   ,    ,      .




20


K.B.McFarlane. The Wars of the Roses// G.L.Harriss (ed.). England in the Fifteenth Century. London: Hambledon Press, 1981. P.238239.




21


Harriss. Shaping the Nation. P.653.




22


M.Hicks. The Wars of the Roses. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2009. P.262264.




23


D.Hoak. Tudor Political Culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995). P.1.




24


  .: Ch.Carpenter. Introduction: Political Culture, Politics and Cultural History// Ch.Carpenter, L.Clark (eds.). The Fifteenth CenturyIV. Woodbridge: Boydell and Brewer, 2004. P.119.




25


R.Horrox (ed.). EdwardIV: Parliament of 1461. Text and Translation// Chris Given-Wilson et al. (eds.). PROME: The Parliament Rolls of Medieval England. Leicester: Scholarly Digital Editions, 2005. Item 9.




26


Chris Given-Wilson et al. (eds.). HenryIV: Parliament of 1399 October. Text and Translation// PROME. Item 17.




27


F.S.Haydon (ed.). Eulogium Historiarum sive Temporis. London: Rolls Series, 1863. Vol. 3. P.409.




28


M.Bennett. RichardII and the Revolution of 1399. Stroud: Alan Sutton, 1999. P.204.




29


Calendar of Patent Rolls, 14011405. P.126.




30


 1376.    III,   ,            ,         (1377)       .




31


    ,        .




32


      . ,  I,   (principality).        ,        ,    hier apparent (  ). ,      .




33


A.J.Pollard. Late Medieval England, 13991509. Harlow: Longman, 2000. P.63.




34


K.B.McFarlane. Lancastrian Kings and Lollard Knights. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1972. P.133.


