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   ,    1884   ,     ,  1896 .     .      ,      ,     .







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      .        12 /..    2010   ,                    6 /.. .                  .     .    ,      ,      ,   , .       = 80 .               100 ,    .   ,     .                    . ,   ,    ,    ,    . ,    ,   ,      ,           ,       .         .

# ........

   :            ,    .    .         .         .   ,     ,       .     ,     ,   ,         ,   .          .      ,    .




  










  


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        .       ,   ,     . ,   ,       . ,    ,  .    ,    ,     .      .




 


         80100 .  . 120.        3000 .        270 .     5200 * 3600   3980          .         .        .








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  .      ,  ,  ,  ,        . ,  ,      .         .   ,    ,  ,  ,           2 . 

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              ,      .








     ,              400 .

   60 ,  400 .       L = 800 .  2  1-15  400  34028-2016.    .       ,    .       .            (       2,5    ).

   ,     .                 .     .   ,     .     -30    400   .           .             ,       .        .        .               .     ,           . :       .. .















  :

  =  .  ,        .    .

     . =  .   ,    =  .  ,  ,   ,     ,       =  .   .      ,   ,      =  .    , , ,    =  .        .       .

  :    2000 .   ,   ,    ,       .       .       ,   ,        ,        .     .               .        .  ,    ,   .         ,   ,   .          .        ,   .      .                    52  5 .    .

   , ,       .  :    52  5 .    46,587 .   S = 1705 ..  30  1050-88

  50 /..   30 /..  .  =1,35.     F = 30*1705/1,35 = 37889 .          37889 .  ,      9472 . Q = 9472 .        .

 ,      30    35  1050-88.

 :       64  5 .

   58,587 .    S = 2696 ..

       35  = 3150  / ..

      = 1250 /..

..  1    86.

    F = S *  / 1,35. F = 26,96*1250 / 1,35.

F = 24963 .  .

          :




 


       .

   6022  14959-79.

        

   2001 .   

  602  652  14963-69 HRC 46  52..

   50  14963-69 HRC 44  50..

       56 /..

  602  14959-79.   143 /..

  163 /..   = 5000000 .

     = 9600  / ..

  870       420 ..

       

.         .

        .

     .








    .

Pii = 3,1415926   

 = 2000000  / ..   ..

          : Q = 20000 .        

Q = 9472 .

 .   :  = 0,1.. (  )..

 : Gt = arctan ( 0,1 ) Gt = 5,6666666?

  :  = 130 .

  :  = 104 .  L = 3 .

    L = 15 .

   :

:    : G = 20?..   L = 12 .

  :  = ( L ? 2 ? ( tan 20? )) + ..  = 112,7353 .

    : S = 1,68794 ..

  : V = 62,8739 ...  = 0,49356 

   :  = V / ( S ? Pii )

 = 62,8736 / ( 1,68794 ? 3,1415926 ) ..  = 11,85662   = 118,5662 .

Gsf = 461030/2725231222

            

   ..        

        ..

      :

.g = Q / ( Pii* *L* *((0,34202/ )+0,9397)).. ..  , 156..

: 0,3420201   20 . 0,9397   20 ..

20       .

.g = 20000 / ( Pii* 0,1*1,5*11,85662 *4,36).. .g = 821 /..

       .    674

 :

X=g*Rv*Rv/((Rn*Rn)-(Rv*Rv))

Y=Rn*Rn/(Rv*Rv)

Br=X*(1-Y).... # 

: Rn = 6,5     .

Rv = 5,92831 .   .

# 

X=821*5,92831 *5,92831 /((6,5*6,5)-( 5,92831 *5,92831))

X=4061

Y=6,5*6,5/(5,92831 *5,92831) Y=1,20217

Br=4061*(1-1,20217).... Br= -821  / . #  

# ....

 (  )   .

Bt=X*(1+Y) #  

Bt=4061*(1+1,20217 )  Bt= 8943  / . #  

# 

    =  * Pii..  = 11,85662 * Pii..  = 37,24867 .

     t = 8943 /..   

.dL = C* t/.. dL = 37,24867 * 8943/2000000.. dL = 0,1666 ..    d = 0,053017 .. d = 0,53017 ..         ,     d = 1,0603 ..  

dR = 0,53017 .     dH = dR/(tan 20).. dH = 0,53017 /0,36397..

dH = 1,457 .. (    ,      ).

   .. . . 173..

 (  )    t = 8943  / ..

  .    ..

# ,,,,,,,

       dH = 0,7285 ..

(           ).

    dR = dH * tg 20.. dR = 0,7285 * 0,36397..

dR = 0,2652 .   dd= 0,5303 .

    = 118,5662+0,5303 = 119,0965 .

    =118,90389 * Pii = 374,152704 .

     = () / ..

 = (374,152704 372,486703) / 372,486703..  = 1,666 / 372,486703..

 = 0,00447265    ..

      :

 =  *   = 2000000 * 0,00447265  =8945,3 /..

    ..

  ,         

       ,     

   1,457 .

# ,,,,,,

     .. .   . = 0,01.. Gt = 0,57?

    : S = 1,68794 ..

 :  = Q / ( Pii*S*tan ( G + Gt ))

 = 20000 / ( Pii*1,68794*tan ( 20 + 0,57 ))  = 10048  / ..

       :

dH = Q* / ( 2*Pii*E*tan ( G )*tan ( G + Gt )*S )

dH = 20000*11,85662 / ( 2*Pii*E*tan ( 20 )*tan ( 20,57 )*1,68794 )

dH = 0,08 .. dH = 0,8 .   ,     

        = ,  

  : dH = 1,6 ..

       ..

# ,,,,,,,,,,,,

c      . .   98103..

   :

   Q = 20000 .

:    : G = 20?..   L = 12 .

 .   :  = 0,1.. ( )..

 : Gt = arctan ( 0,1 ) Gt = 5,6666666?

  :  = ( L ? 2 ? ( tan 20? )) + ..  = 112,7353 .

    : S = 1,68794 ..

  : V = 62,8739 ...  = 0,49356 

   :  = V / ( S ? Pii )




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