 
  

  


      ,   .              .   ,     DSM-IV-TR (2000).      ,      ,   .         ,   ,     , ,   .               .

        , ,      .





. . , . . 

 








           [13].   ,                   .           ,    ,          ,   , -       ,  ,  .         ,  ,   ,       .

      ,     [20], ,      ,   , .               ,     ,           .         ,   ,      .        , , ,    .

     ,     ,       .    ,     ()    ( )           .   ,              ,    /      --      ,     .

DSM-IV 1994  (APA), DSM-IV-TR 2000  (APA)                 ,       ,  ,   ,          ,           (APA, 1994).

 DSM     ,      (xis II).      ,      ,       .    ,    (xis I)    ,    .       [22], ..   ,    ,     (),      .

  ,     (xis II),         ,             ,        .  ,    ,    ,  eg-, .. ,  eg ,       ,   ,  , eg-, ..        /     .

          ,       ,   ,    , ,   .    ,  ,  ,     .      ,   ,    ,     .

         .  (J. Derksen) [7]:         ,     ,     .

             ,                 (  ) [21]). , ,         ;        ;          .        ,   ,    .

        ,    . .  (T. Widiger) [21]    ?    ,   ,   .

    DSM-IV-TR      A, B  C:

1.    ,    .      .

2. »  ,   , ,   ,   , ,     .

3.   ѻ    .    -,    .

   DSM-IV-TR, ICD-10, -10,  -   ,          [9].      , , ,       .   ,      , ,    .         ,  »  ,  ѻ   .       ( ѻ)       ;   »      .  .  (N. McWilliams) [9]    DSM     .

            T.  (T. Millon), .  (R Davis.) [14].   DSM        :

)߻ (Self) ;

)  ;

)  .

.  [14]     ,     .  ,   , ,        (  ),      (  )      ,      (  ). ,    , .       ,  ,         [14, . 67].                .

.   .  [14] ,    ,   DSM,           :

1.  ,     ( )      . , ,       /    ,      .

2. ,        . , ,               .

3.     ,  , ,      ,       .

.  [13]          .   ,  , MSMI (Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory III; [13]).         .       .  1977  (MSMII [11], MSMIII [12]).

 ,      MIPS [13]     ,       .        .

  MSMIIII     175   24     : , , .           .      ,    DSM : DSM-III-R (APA, 1987)  DSM-IV, DSM-IV-TR (APA, 1994, 2000).

    ,    ,    DSM-III-R  DSM-IV: , , -,     .

,  MCMIIII    ,    ,     ,    ,     .

.  [13] ,          (    ) [8],     ,    ,   ,  ,      /   . ,      .  [14]   :

) ,       ;

) (amorous) ,         ;

)         ;

)        - ,      [14].

     , ,         .   ,       ,                       .

                .             .     ,     DSM-IV-TR (2000).                       .

          .        ,   ,  ,     (, , )  .

           ߻-  [10, 15, 23].     (),    [5],  ,   ().  .  (. Person), A.  (A. Cooper), .  (G. Gabbard) [17],             ; ,   ,     .             .

    ,   (),    .           ,       .         ( .   .  [10]):

1)   ;

2)  , , ;

3)    ;

4)  ,      ;

5)    ,     ,   .

                 .

        .        ,  ,   ,  .  :   ;   [6, 18, 19];    .                   .       /                  .


 

1. . .,  . .  . .:  , :  , 2000. 460 .

2. . .,  . .,  . .     . : - , 2000. 256 .

3. . .,  . .  . : - , 2001. 251 .

4. . .,  . .   : . : - , 2003. 667 .

5.Akhtar, S. Early Relationships and Their Internalization. In E. Person, A. Cooper, G. Gabbard, (Eds.) Textbook of Psychoanalysis, 2005. 3956 p.

6.Beck, A., Freeman, A. et al. Cognitive Therapy of Personality Disorders. New York, Guilford, 1990.

7.Derksen, J. Personality Disorders: Clinical and Social Perspective. Chichester. New York, John Wiley, 1995.

8.Magnavita, J. Classification, Prevalence, and Etiology of Personality Disorders: Related Issues and Controversy. In J. Magnativa (Ed.) Handbook of Personality Disorders. Hoboken. New Jersey, Wiley and Sons. (p. 8), 2004.

9.McWilliams, N. Psychoanalytic Diagnosis: Understanding Personality Structure in Clinical Practice. New York, Guilford Press, 1994.

10.Miller, J., Stiver, I. The Healing Connection: How Women form relationships in Therapy and in Life. Boston, Beacon Press, 1997.

11.Millon, T. Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory Manual. Minneapolis, M.N: National Computer Systems, 1977.

12.Millon, T. Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory Manual II. Minneapolis, M.N: National Computer Systems, 1987.

13.Millon, T., Weiss, L., Davis, R. Millon Index of Personality Styles (MIPS) Manual San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation, 1994.

14.Millon, T., Davis, R. Disorders of Personality: DSM-IV and Beyond. New York, Wiley, 1996.

15.Jordan, J. Women's Growth in Diversity. New York, Guilford Press, 1997.

16.Linehan, M. Dialectical Behavior Therapy of Borderline Personality Disorders. New York, Guilford Press, 1993.

17.Person, E., Cooper, A., Gabbard, G. Textbook of Psychoanalysis. American Psychiatric Publishing, 2005. 548 p.

18.Pretzer, J. Cognitive-Behavioral Approaches to the Treatment of Personality Disorders. In C. Perris, P. McGorry (Eds.) Cognitive Psychotherapy of Psychotic and Personality Disorders. Handbook of Theory and Practice. New York: Wiley, 1998. 269292 p.

19.Pretzer, J. Cognitive Therapy of Personality Disorders. In J. Magnativa (Ed.) Handbook of Personality Disorders. Hoboken. New Jersey, Wiley, 2004. 169193 p.

20.Ratey, J., Johnson, C. Shadow Syndroms. New York, Warner Books.

21.Widiger, T. DSM-IV Reviews of the Personality Disorders: Introduction to Special Series. Journal of Personality Disorders, 1998 (5)  122134 p.

22.Widiger, T., Costa, P., McCrae, R. A Proposal for Axis II: Diagnostics Personality Disorders Using the Five-factors Model. In P. Costa, T. Widiger (Eds.). Personality Disorders and the Five-F actors Model of Personality (2nd ed., pp.431456). Washington, DC, American Psychological. Association, 2002.

23.Winnicott, D. Ego Distortion in Terms of True and False self. In The Maturational Process and the Facilitating Environment. New York, International Universities Press, 1960. 140152 p.







   ,         ,  ,            .     , ,    ,     :

1)    ;

2)   ,      ;

3)     ,           (   ,  , , .       ,     );

4)       .

             ,  ,    .           ,       ,    .  ,  ,      ,    ,          » (DSM-IV-TR): , , .

                       -10       1999 .             ,        , ,    (  DSM-IV-TR).    ,   ,  , , ,         ,   .  /,   ,          .

              ,     , ,  ,      ,  .            () ,            .

                    .      ,   ,         .            ,      .        ,  ,  .

      -10 (   ICD-10)         ,         ,     (DSM-IV-TR).

      ,   ,      .         ,  ,   .,       .   ,      ,     ,    ( ),   (  ),  ,   .      ,        (,  );          .

          ,      ,  ,    .

       ,         .      ,       , ,  , ,    .  ,   ,   ,   ,                      . , ,       ,     .   ,         ,  ,  , , ,  , ,   .        .

     .      ,           ,       (). ,          ,  ,   , .. /           .          ,               .       (L. Robins et al)      ,           [14].

      .   .  (D. Woldorf, P. Biernacki, 1986) (.  .  (S. Peele), .  (A. Brodsky) [14]).         ,   ,          .  ,                     /,   ( ),    ,     , , ,    (Rational Recovery).

      (ICD-10, DSM-IV-TR, -10),           .  [9],           :

1)   ;

2) ;

3)   .

       .  (D. Lykken) [8],        1012% .       ,        .      .  (P. Kernberg) [6].

          ,   ,       .     ,            [1],      () .

         .      ,       ,         ,     .          .      ,       ,  ,         ,    .    , ,   .          :   /,     .          , ..      [2, 5, 11, 12].       ,  .

    () ,               ,   ,   .

     , ,   ,           .       ,       ,     .

, ,     ,       ,   ,  ,               .

          ,        ,  , ,    .     ,   , ,         .              ,      .     ,      .  ,  , .

       ,  ,   ,  ,  ,  ,     eg-  .        . -    ,     ߻ eg- , ,    ,     .

             (),      .   ,    ,       . ,                          ѻ.  ,             ,         (,  ).       ,      ()   ().   ,  ,    (battering),  ,  , .      -             .

      ,    ,        ,     ,        ,     .

            ,         (,  ), ,   ,       .   .  (D. Ortman) [13],    , 29% ,     ,   .        , ,    ,    ,     .  ,  53%       ,    ,  .  [7]  1971    -  ,           ,      .       ,  , .       /  -      .

          ,        ,  ,      .         -. , ,              ,      .                .         ,     ,        ,       .          ,     ,       ,  .  ,     ,       ,   ,     .

.  (K. Evans)  .  (J. Sullivan) [3] ,                  ,       .       .

            (.  (S. Stewart) [15]  .).  ,   ,            ,        .          .

          ,  ,     (.  (D. Meickerbaum) [10]  .).

                 [4].

         ,       ,            ,     .             ,       .


 

1.Balint, M. Basic Fault. Evanston.ILL. Northwestern University Press, 1992.

2.Bradshaw, J. Healing the Shame That Binds You. Deerfield Beach, FL. Health Communications, 1988.

3.Evans, K., Sullivan, J. Treating Addicted Survivors of Trauma. New York, Guilford Press, 1995.

4.Evans, K., Sullivan, J. Dual Diagnosis. New York, Guilford Press, 2001.

5.Forward, S. Toxic Parents. New York, Bantam Books, 1990.

6.Kernberg, P., Weiner, A., Bardenstein, K. Personality Disorders in Children and Adolescents. New York, Basic Books, 2000.

7.Korolenko, C., Dikovsky, A. The Clinical Classification of Alcoholism. Anali Zavoda za Mentalno Zdralje. Beograd, 1972. v. 1, 510 p.

8.Lykken, D. The Antisocial Personalities. Hilldale, N.Y. Lawrence Erlbaum, 1995.

9.McWilliams, N. Psychoanalytic Diagnosis. New York, Guilford Press, 1994.

10.Meichenbaum, D. A Clinical Handbook/ Practical Therapist Manual for Assessing and Treating Adult with PTSD. Waterloo, Ontario, Canada: Institute Press, 1994.

11.Miller, A. For Your Own Good. Hidden Cruelty in Child Rearing and the Roots of Violence. New York, Farrar Straus Giroux, 1983.

12.Miller, A. Prisoners of Childhood. New York, Basic Books, 1984.

13.Ortman, D. The Dual Diagnosis Recovery Textbook. Chicago, New York, Toronto, Contemporary Books, 2001.

14.Peele, S. Brodsky, A. The Truth About Addiction and Recovery. New York, Toronto, Fireside Book, 1992. 7279 p.

15.Stewart, S. Alcohol Abuse in Individuals Exposed to Trauma. Psychological Bulletin, 120, 1996. 83112 p.

16.Treating Addicted Survivors of Trauma. New York, Guilford Press.




 I.  





  


  ,    ,        .

 DSM-IV,    .             .

 :

1)          ;

2),      ;

3)          ;

4)     ,  ;

5)   ,    ;

6)  ,   ,       ;

7)     ,  ;    , ,    .

 ,  DSM-IV ,       ,      . ,          ,       .  ,    . , ,        ,     ,   .

     . .  (E. raepelin)  1893     ,    .  ,     , ,      ,  , ,      .           ,       ,     ,                  .  , .        .     ,        .

 . ,    ,     ,  ,   .  ,             .                 .

    ,    ,     ,     .       .    ,     ,   .   1896      .

  .              ,   1903 .         .    , .    ,         ,          ,      . .      ,    .      ,  ,           .   ,   . ,         ,      ,  ,    .

 1923  . ,    ,     ,   ego  superego       .      ,       () (      .  (A. dler)). .          ,         .

          .  (R. Knight)  1940          .         ,   .  ,     ,        .         .        ,      ,     ,     .    ,     , ..    .

.  (. Bak) [2] ,      .

.  (. Klein)       , ,         .       superego, ,   ,      .

 DSM-IV                   - ,    .    ,          .     :

1.   , ,               .      ,    ,        , ,    .    ,     .            .      ,    , ,  ,  ,     .   ,   ,       .   ,      .     ,          ,       .

        -    ,            .      ,   -   .          ,   .          .        .       .  ,     ,        .      ,  -   ,   ,     /  ,       .

2.    , ,       .        ,      ,      .            , ..  ,  ,          ,    .

3.,      .     ,         , .       ,   ,    .    , , ,         ..              -  .          -  ,     .      .      , ,            ,              .

4.        .          .           ,   - ,    ,        ,    .         ,     ,  ,   ,     .

5.   ,         -  ,     .     ,    ,    , -  .     ,  ,  ,  ,    ,  -      .

6.   ,               .

7.   /   /     .

-          ,    ,           .  ,           .       ,              -.       ,      .

 2000  .  (A. Beck) [3]    ,            ,       .     , ,  , , ,            .

       ,    DSM,   .     ,   ,    .        ,    -      .

        ,      .    (,    ,   )   . , ,  -            .  ,        ߻,        .      ,   :     - .     ,  ,   ,      .

 , , .  (W. eissner) [14],              .      eg,  ,  ,       .

      .    ,                .        .        ,     ,    ,   ,        .

  .  (S. Tomkins) [23]   1963  , ,               ,       ,    .              .           .

       .     -.      ,      .           .  ,    ,      ,         ,    .      .       ,     ,    ,  .      ,  .      .          ,    .          .

    ,         , ,    .      ,      , ,         .

       ,  ,       .   ,   ,    ,  .

       , ..          , ,            .

      ,         ,    . .  [23]       .           ,     .     /   :  ,    / -.    /  ,      ,  ,      ,   /     .          ,      ,   /   .    ,     ,     / ,   .

    eg,          .    ,     ,   .    ,     ߻ (Self)  .      ,       ,   , ,  ,       .

  . ,             ,        .   , ,  .

   , ,  ,     - .   ()  ,      , . .  ,            ,      .    ,     ,    ,      .

.  (H. Searles) [18]                   ,     ,     ,   ,  .    ,             ,  .      ,   -     .         ,               .

       eg- ,     eg, ..      ߻ (Self), ,         .      ,       :  ,   ,       .     ,      .

                   .   .  [23]   ,        ,          .      ,    .     .   .  (R. Schafer) [16],       (),        . ,       ,    ,        ,   ,      .        ,         ,            .

          . , ,        ,   , , .

          ,      ,       .         .    ,      ,  .           .        : ,      ,   .             ,  -    ,       ..   ,      .

.  (N. Cameron) [7]    ,    , ,  ,       .

        ,               . .  [7]               .

.  (S. Akhtar) [1]        ,    .      ,  ,        ,   . , , .  (H. Blum) [5] ,             .

.  (J. Jacobson) [10]       ,     .    ,         ,        ,       .

.  (M. Schmiedeberg) [17]  ,   ,    ,       .    ,  ,  .  (. Bleuler) [4]   1908         .

 ,    ,    ,    : .  (L. Sulzman) [22], .  (B. Bursten) [6], .  (H. Searles) [19], .  (O. Kernberg) [12].          ߻ (Self)  ,         .

   ߻          .                  ,    .         :

)      ;

)  ,      ߻.

  ,     ,   - ,    ,    .

,   ,      , .

    ,     , ,     ,            ,   .

      ,    ,      ,   ,   ,    ,   .

.  (. Stone) [21]    ,          .  ,           ,      ,                     . ,          ,  ,       ,    ,    , ,          .

      .          ,        ,  .             .            ,      ,      .

     ,  -     /  .

.  (J. Segal) [20] ,         ,   ,     .

  ,            /    .       ,    ,          .       ,        DSM.    , ,  ,     ,     .            [20].

    ,  ,   ,       ,   , ,     .    , .  [1]           :

1) .        , ,      ,       .             ;

2)     ,  ,   ,      (),    ,  , ;

3)     , ,           ;

4)        , ,   .      ,   ;

5) ,   superego, ..  ,  ,    , ,     .                 ;

6)    , ,   ,   .           ( ,    ),     ,    .

.  [19]       ,       .         ,  ,     ,    , ,     .

              ,   , ,      .         .     ,      , ,   :    ,  ,     ,    .   ,       , , ,   ,      .

T.  [15]  ,         : -, , -  . ,      -       ,       .       .

.          ,      - ,        .     ,  ,  ,     ,      ,    .     ,    .

  ,          .

A.   A.  (A. Beck, A. Freeman) [2],   ,           .    ,             ,    ,     ,     .

    , , ,     ,   ,      .

B.  (W. Meissner) [13],   ,   ,           , ..    .  ,  ,  , ,         ,         .    ,   . ,        ,          ,         [13, . 98].            .

.    ,           ,  ,      .   45                  ,     .

.  (. Colby) [8, 9]  -     ,            .  .     .     ,      ,     .    , ,    ,         . .  ,                ,      .    ,  , ,         .

.  (. Kendler), .  (P. Hays) [11]    . , ,     ,     ,    .

     0,5  2,5% .

.  [7]      ,            ,       ,     .

 ,     , . ,  .  (W. Waelder)     ,  .

,   ,       (    )   ,     ,      .       .

   ,   - ,         .          - ,  ,       .  ,     ,      .

         ,     .  ,             ,   ,  , - , ,   ,   .          ,              - .

      .       ,   .        ,         .         ;  ; ,      ;   ,    .            , ,    - .          .                  ,   .      ,     .       ,   .      ,    , ,  ,   .

  ,          ,     ,           .           , ,        .      .

 ,          ,    .           ,   , , , ,   .        ,    ,    ().

         ,   -     .

    ,     ,   ,      .        -      .    ,    ,   , ;      ;     ..                    .        . ,      ,   ,       , , .             ,          .         . ,       ,     ,            .

          ,      ,       ,  ,      .   ,   ,    .

,     ,        ,      .        ,       . ,  ,      ,      ,    .   ,       .            .

 ,    ,  .     .           - .   -     , ,      ,      ,  .       ,  ,    ..

     ,    ego   superego. ,    superego,     ,   .      ,     .      ego,       .               .    .    ,    .

                ,   ,     ,    .         .           .      ,       ,              .

               . ,              -  , ,      ,    , ..        .    ,              .     ,   ,    ,     .         ,   .

    -                   .  ,         .

         ,       ,    ,   ,    .                .

 ,         ,  -       .     ,            ,  . ,               .

        .  ,     ,    .           .         .      ,  .  , ,      ,     -   ,      /,      ,       ,    .   ,             .        .        .

           ,     .      ego        . Ego,     ,    ,    .

      . .  [14]       .    ,    ,    ,  .         ego-,  ,     .    ego-c       ,      .

           ( DSM-IV, ,  ,  ,  ,         ).

                  .   . , ,    ,    ,   ,    .    ,   ,    -  ,                  .

.  [18]        ,          ,  ,     .               .    ,    ,         ,     ,   . .  ,                 .

      ego- (ego-) ,    -     ߻.     .             , ,    .

         ,   . ,       ,        ,    .                ,       :   ;     :   ,   .

  .  [23]   , ,     ,      .  ,     ,  ,           ,   .

.      ,        . , ,                  ,    .

          ,              .

.  ,   ,    ,   ,   .  , ,     ,     ,     .      ,   .

     .               ,     ,      .

       .   ,    , , ,       .        .  ,         , ..       ,       .


 

1.Akhtar, S. Paranoid Personality Disorder: A Synthesis of Developmental, Dynamic and Descriptive Features. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 1990, 44, 525 p.

2.Beck, A., Freeman, A. Cognitive Therapy of Personality Disorder. New York, Gyilford Press, 1990.

3.Beck, A. Prisoners of Hate: New York, Harper Collins, 2000.

4.Bleuler, E. Textbook of Psychiatry. New York, MacMillan, 1924.

5.Blum, H. Object Inconstancy and Paranoid Conspiracy. Journal of American Psychoanal. Assoc., 1981, 29, 789813 p.

6.Bursten, B. Some Narcissistic Personality Types. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 1973, 54, 287300 p.

7.Cameron, N. The paranoid Pseudo-Community Revisited. American Journal of Sociology, 1959. 65, 5258 p.

8.Colby, K. Arhficial Paranoia: A Computer Simulation of Paranoid Process. New York: Pergamon, 1975.

9.Colby, K. Appraisal of Four Psychological. Theories of Paranoid Phenomena. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 1977, 86, 5459 p.

10.Jacobson, E. On the Psychoanalytic Theory of Cyclothymic Depression. In E.Jacobson, Depression (pp. 208241). New York, International Universities Press, 1971.

11.Kendler, K., Hays, P. Paranoid Psychosis (Delusional Disorder and Schizophrenia): A Family History Study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 1981, 38, 547551 p.

12.Kernberg, O. Paranoid Regression, Sadistic Control and Dishonesty in the Transference. In M.Stone Abnormalities of Personality. New York, London, W. Norton (Unpublished Manuscript), 1982.

13.Meissner, W. Psychotherapeutic Schema Based on Paranoid Process. International Journal Psychoanal. Psychother., 1976, 5, 87113 p.

14.eissner, W. The Paranoid Process. New York, Aronson, 1978.

15.Millon, T. Disorder of Personality: DSM-III, Axis II. New York. Wiley, 1981.

16.Schafer, R. Bad Feelings. New York, Other Press, 2003.

17.Schmiedeberg, M. On Querulance. Psychoanal. Qunterly, 1946, 15, 472502 p.

18.Searles, H. The Effort to Drive the Other Person Crazy. An Element in the Actiology and Psychotherapy of Schizophrenia. British Journal Medical Psychology, 1959, 32, 118 p.

19.Searles, H. Collected Papers on Schizophrenia and Related Subjects. New York, International Universities Press, 1965.

20.Segal. J. Erotomania Revisited: From Kraepelin to DSM-III-R. American Journal of Psychiatry, 1989, 146, 12611266 p.

21.Stone, M. Abnormalities of Personality. New York, London, W. Norton, 1993.

22.Sulzman, L. Paranoid State: Theory and Therapy. Archives of General Psychiatry, 1960, 2, 679693 p.

23.Tomkins, S. Affect, Imagery, Consciousness. The Negative Affects. V. 2. New York, Springer, 1963.




  


.  (E. Kretschmer) [8]          : ,   ,   ,    .   ,   .  (W. Sheldon) [15, 16], : ,   . .     ,         ,         .       :

        .       ,  ,  ,   ,    ,     .     ?    ,          .           ,    , ,   ,     .   ,           ,     [8, . 113].

 ,  . ,      DSM: , ,   , ,   . .        .

           .    ,   ,    ,             .          .          ,       - , , ,   [12].   ,        ,       .       ,           .            .       ,       .      , , ,  ,  ,      ,   .         .      ,    ,     ,      .

M.  (M. Stone) [17]     :

1)   -;

2)      ;

3)     ;

4)       ,  ,    -   ;

5)       ,       /   .      .

                  .

             [12].

        -.

 .   . ,   (E. Ritvo) (.  . , .  [12])   -  (UCLA)  1980    ,       .          (Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders) .              .       ,       ,     ,   .           .            11 .   .    .  (A. Brothers,), .  (N. Freeman)  K.  (K. Pingree)      ,         (.  .   .  [12]).

   , .         ,     ,  ,       .

     .  (W. Fairbairn) [5]         ,      .

.  [17]    ,         DSM-IV,   .

  .  [17],        0,5  7%.

        DSM-III,      3  7  DSM-III-R.

         ,     DSM-IV.    , ,   (   ).

          ego-,         .  ,   ,   ,        .           ,      .            ,  (   ), /.

    DSM-IV            .       ,         :

1. ,    -   .                 ,     .       .

2. ,     .   ,          .      ,  ,  .      - ,  .

3.     .    -     .     ,   .    ,   ,      .       .

4.             .

5.    ,            .

6.    ,   ,    .

7. .     .        ,      .       -     .     , , ,  , ,  .

    ,      ,      ,  ,    ,         .

   ,           (  ).        .        .                    .       . ,         ,    ,                    .   ,   ,      ,   ,           ,       ,   .

       ,         .       ,   . ,   ,       ,        .        ,    ,  ,        .        .    1968   .  (S. Escalona) [4].

     ,     . ,        - ,     ,        ,      .    ,   , ,      .    ,     .  ,          ,               .

       .   -         .

               ()      .     ,      .   ,     , ,    ,   ,     , , ,    ..       .

 ,  T.  (T. Brazelton) [3],         , ,          ,    .

    ,           .        , , , .            , ,     ;    ѻ,     λ,         .       , , .         ,      .   .        ,     ,      ,       .

    ,    ,   ,            .        , , ,    .

            .      .     ,     .         ,       ,    .        .      ,      .        .  ,   ,  , ,     .

.  (R. Langs) [10] ,       :

1.   ߻   .

2.   ߻  .

   ,    ,   .     ,     , ,  ,        .   ,  , ,  .    .

   ,            ,      ,      ,   ,  .        , . ,        ,         , .         .             ,  ,   ,   .          ,     ,   ..     ,               .

             , :   .    ,     .                   .           , .         .

  .  (. Guntrip) [7],                 ,       ,   .

.  (. Robbins) [13]    ,  ,    :   ,   ,    ,       .

   ,      ,  ,        .        ,            ,   .

.  [11]  ,       ,    ,           .          ,      .             .

               .         , ,  ,  ,    .     ,      .

.  (. Giovacchini) [6]       .

   1979    .  (. Horner),    ,           ()  .

         ,       , ..   ,    ,    ,      .    ,        ,    .

            .

.  (D. Winnicott) [19] ,         ,    ,     ,            ,     . ,       ,     .     .

 ,    .  (R. Langs) [10], .  (G. Bateson)  . [2], .  [14] ,             ,    .      ,            .    ( ), ,     .

 .  (G. Bateson),      ,        .    ,    ,     . , , ,    ,         ,     .     ,      . , ,  :   ,   ,  ,  :      ,   .  ,    ,   - ,     .      ,        . ,  - ,      .             .

.  (H. Sullivan) [18]  .  (A. Robbins) [13]            ().   .  [13],             .  ,              ,          , .    ,  , ,       .  ,   , ,     ,   .

                  .          .         ,      ,         .     ,  .           , ,         ,     .      ,   .    ,        , , . ,    ߻       . ,    ,   ,   ,  , ,    .

   ,   ,        ,        .  ,                       .

.  (. Balint) [1],      ,   ,         ,  .             .      ,          ;    ,    ,    ,     .

    ,       . .  [11] , ,       ,          ,   .          .      .

      . ,  ,      ,       , .       ,   ,   .        , ,     .             .        .        ,        .

        .        ,   ,   .     ,       (, )    .                .

  ,          .      ,     , ,   ,     .        :    ,    ,   , ,   ,  .       ,  ,   ..         ,       . ,    , , .       ,      ,       ,    -         -.

    ego-       , .             ,  .          ,      .

    .            .           . ,         .     ,   ,   ,       .        , .           ,    .

       ,      ,   ,    .             .   ,        ,       ;       ,   ,     .   ,        ,  ,     , ..    ,  , .

       .       :     ?

        ,           .     ,    ,        . , ,          , ,   , ,       ,   ,     .

      , ,  , .          .   ,       ,     ,      .  ,  , ,        ,     .               .

        .     ,    .        ,       .

    ,        ,      .      ,   ,   .

    ,   ,     ,    . ,        .

          .     .    ,     ,  .     , ,         .

    -        .   ,   ,   .

                , ..    .           -  .    ,    ;   ; ,    , , -      .       ,      ,        .           , ..     , ,    ,        .     ,    ,   .   ,   ,       ,  ,        .      ,     ,   ,  ,   .

   ,      ,           .     .         - ,   ,   .           -  .

 ,    ,    . -         ,    ,      ,  ,        .            .       ,   ,     ,              ,       .

,         ,          ,     .    ,  ,     .  ,  ,       .     , -,     .

          , ,  .      ,        .   , ,    . ,    .         ,    ,        .            .        ,      .

            .

     , ,  (   ),     .    ,          .


 

1.Balint, M. Friendly Expanses-Horrid Empty Spaces. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 1945, 36, 225241 p.

2.Bateson, G., Jackson, D., Haley, J., Weakland, J. Toward a Theory of Schizophrenia. Behavioral Science, 1956 (1), 251264 p.

3.Brazelton, T. Joint Regulation of Neonate-Parent. Behavior, In E. Tronick (Ed.) Social Interchange in Infancy. Baltimore University Park Press, 1982.

4.Escalona, S. The Roots of Individuality. Chicago, Aldine, 1968.

5.Fairbairn, W. An Object Relations Theory of Personality. New York, Basic Books, 1952.

6.Giovacchini, P. The Treatment of Primitive Mental States. New York, Aronson, 1979.

7.Guntrip, H. (1952) The Schizoid Personality and the External Word. In Schizoid Phenomena. Object Relations and the Self. New York. International Universities Press. 1969, 1748 p.

8.Kretschmer, E. Koerperbau und Character. Berlin, Springer, 1922.

9.Laing, R. The Divided Self: An Existential Study in Sanity and Madness. Baltimore, Penguin, 1965.

10.Langs, R. The Technique of Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy. V.1. New York, Aronson, 1973.

11.McWilliams, N. Psychoanalytic Diagnosis. New York, Guilford Press, 1994.

12.Ratey, J., Johnson, C. Shadow Syndromes. New York, Bantam Books, 1998.

13.Robbins, A. The Interface of the Real and Transference Relationship in the Treatment of Schizoid Phenomena. Psychoanalytic Review, 1988 (75), 393417 p.

14.Searles, H. My Work With Borderline Patients. New York, Aronson, 1986.

15.Sheldon, W., Stevens, S. The Varieties of Temperament. New York, Harper, 1942.

16.Sheldon, W. Atlas of Men. A Guide for Somatotyping the Adult Male at All Ages. New York, Harper, 1954.

17.Stone, M. Abnormalities of Personality. New York, Norton, 1993.

18.Sullivan, H. Clinical Studies in Psychiatry. New York, Norton, 1973.

19.Winnicott, D. Mirror-role of Mother and Family in Child Development. In Playing and Reality. New York, Basic Books, 1967, 111118 p.




  


       DSM-III  1980 .    ,            .    ,               .          ,              .

             .     ,    ,  ,        .             ,     .       .       , ,     ;   .     ,        . ,    ,      ,         ,     - .     (),    .

   ,    ,   .         ,    .

           .       ,     , , .     ,     ,   - .

       .          .       ,      .

   ,    ,    ,            .       ,      ,   .

 ,    ,       .   ;  ,     ,  .          :     .

          ,    .   : ,        ,    .       .       .

           .

             .       ,     .            ,     .    ,      . ,       ,              .           .         ,            .      ,               ,    ,              ,   .           DSM-IV   ,      -          .

.  (W. Fairbairn) [3]  .  (H. Guntrip) [4],   ,            .

     DSM-IV-TR.                 ,          , -      .      .

              ()    ,            ,    , ,    .

       ,  ,    .    18     ,         :

1.  ,    .  ,      ,       ,     Wahnlinfall     Wahnwahrnehorung [6].     ,  ,      ,     .        ,      .

2.  .                  .         ,  ,    ,       ,       .

3.     ,  , ,    . ,      ,  ,   .

      ,        ,      ,      .          (-, -  .),     ,     ,   ,         .      ,  ,       , , .         .     ,     ,   , ,      .           -,   ,      .          , ,     .    ,          ,    ,   ,    . ,        ,     ,  .    ,       ,          ,        -  .       , ,  - , ,  ,   ,   ,      ,    .

4. ,   .     ,    .              , , , .       ,     .    ,  .     ,          .    .           , -    -,   ,  ,      .

  ,    ,    -  -, , ,     .     ,        ,        .      , , ,     .  ,          ,   .

5.,  ,    ,   , ,   .         .    .         ,       ,      .

6.  ,   .          .

7. . , ,  ,   ,  ,      ,     .     ,        .    .

8. ,  ,    ()         .     ,       ,     ,  .         ,    .  ,           .

9.,   .         .          .   ( )   .        ,     ,    .

  .  (. , [6])     :    .     ,   ,  ,  ,  .

      ,  ()  (,   DSM), , ,   .        .   :  ,  , , ,   .      DSM ,    .

   ,      ,    ,  ,    .    , ,   .

   ,  .           ,     (      ,   ,       ).

               . , , .  (J. Claridge)  . [2],   O-LIFE  (Mason) 1995 , ,   /    .  -         :

1.  .     :      ,     ?;  - ,   ,  ?

2.  .     :  - ,      ,        ?;      ,       ?

3.  .     :      , , ? (     .)     ,        ?

4.  .     :          - ?;     ,       ? (     .)     , ,      ,    ,   , ,     .

             .    ,      ,   24 .  ,  ,  ,         DSM-IV.

    ,  ,       (, ),   ( ,   ).

Ego-      ,   .  : ,  (   ,   ),   .          ,     ,  ,   .  ,           .           .     ,       .   ,     .

.  (L. Benjamin) [1]  ,                  ,     .       : ,  ,  , ,    . , ,     ,  ,      . .  ,    /              ,    .     ,    ,   ,   ,        :  ,   ,     .

        ,       (wishful thinking),   ,  ,       ߻ (),  .       , , ..    .

    , ,       ,       ,        .    ,  ,      (  ),      ,        ,         .

T.  (T. Vangaard) [8],     ,    ,        .  ,        .            .    /  ,   .       ,             .        - ,     ,   .             .                 .

M.  [7] ,         .          .     ,  /    .         ,   .

    ,       (    ),        ,  ,  ,   .

.  (A. Goldberg)  . ,           .

       3%.       .

        , .       ,    ,      ,     (  1960-,  1991, 1993).


 

1.Benjamin, L. Interpersonal Diagnosis and Treatment of Personality Disorders. New York, Guilford Press, 1993.

2.Clairidge J., McCreery, C., Mason, O. et al. The Factor Structure of Schizotypal Traits: A Large Replication Study. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 1996 (35), 105115 p.

3.Fairbairn, W. Psychoanalytic Studies on Personality. London, Tavistock, 1952.

4.Guntrip, H. Schizoid Phenomena. Object Relations and the Self. London, Hogarth Press, 1968.

5.Robins, L. Deviant Children Grown-up: a Sociological and Psychiatric Study of Sociopathic Personality. Baltimore. Williams, Wilkins, 1966.

6.Schneider, K. Klinische Psychopathologie. Stuttgart, Georg Thieme, 1966.

7.Stone, M. Schizotypal Personality: Psychotherapeutic Aspects. Schizophrenia Bull, 1985 (11), 576589 p.

8.Vangaard, T. Borderlands of Sanity. Copenhagen, Munksgaard, 1979.




  


     ()        .      .   ,  DSM-IV-TR,      18- ,          (Conduct Disorder)  15- .         ,   -   .

 ,    ,    :

1)      ;

2) ;

3)  ;

4)   .

 DSM-III-R  ,    .   :

1.,      .    ,            .

2.        (  ,  ).     ,      .          .   , .. ,   ,   . ,  ,     -.           .  ,         ,         . ,     -  ,          .    ,    .       ,      .      .       .         ,   .         :  -  ,   ,    ..

3. .    ,   ,    ,  ,    .       ,    .   ,  , ..  .

4.  ,    , -   ,   .         .

  ,     ,        ,         ,  ,    .

5.,    .      ,   ,       .         -  , ..  ,         .     ,   ,    ,      ,  ,  .     ,         ,    -  . ,       ,     .       ,        .   ,    , ,   ,   ,   ,  ,           .  ,    ,    ,    ,  .     ,     , ,   ,    -   .

6.    .               -, ,  -   .        .            ,         ,    .

7.,       -   .

8.     ,   .

9. ,           .

10.   ,  ,    .

11.         .  ,   .

12.       .         ,  ,    , .

13.     ,    ,  , ,  .   ,    ,    ,    .

          ,     ,      [43],  :

1.      ,      , ,  .

2.  ,   .     ,   .

3.    . /     ,      ,           .      .

4.  -, - , .

   ,                ().      ,      ,   .   ,      .    . -       , ,  ,   , .      ,      .                 ,    ,   .         ,        ,         , ,    .

     : ,   .            .        ;        ,     ,        ..

           ; -   ,  .

               ,             ,    ,   [44].

        ,        ,      .

.  (B. Egeland)  .  (L. Stroufe) [4], .   . (Rogeness G. et al.) [33] ,          .

M.  (M. Main)  C.  (C. George) [26] ,           :       ,    ,   .

            .     .    ,        , ,      ,   .

M.  (M. Rutter) [34]   ,      ,   ,         ,     .       (   ,           )         .

.  (E. Werner)  .  (R. Smith) [41] ,                .       ,        ,     -      .

  ,  ,         .

.  (. Tonry), .  (L. Ohlin), .  (D. Farrington) [37] ,          ,  ,   ;  ,   ;     ,      .  ,  ,                 ,   -   .

          .           ,       , , .          .

          .        ,    .             .

        ,    ,           .

 1960-          (battered child syndrome),         [18].           :  ,  ,  ,  .

A.  (A. Green) [7],   ,          ,         .   ,     ,  .  (D. Allen), K.  (K. Tarnowski) [1],       ,    .

.  (J. Kaufman) [17]   ,    ,    .

      . - (. Kendall-Tackett)  . [19]    ,  ,   ,   ,     (),   ,  ,  (   ),  ,  .

.  (S. MLeer), .  (E. Deblinger)  . [27] ,   21%  48%     ,       DSM-III-R.

  ,       ,            .

  .  (S. Widom) [42],   ,    ,  2030%.

  T.  (T. Moffitt)  . [29] ,           .     ,  .   (  ) -     ,       ,          .  ,      .                 .  , -    ,       ,        .

  .  (L. Robins) [31],         8 ,     ,             .

        .           ,     11 .         [31].

 26%  ( .  [31])         .    :              :  18%       46%   .

   3%   1% .           75%.

.  (M. Stone) ,                 .

         .   .      , ,    . , ,      ,           ,    , - ,    . -          ,       ,   ,   ,      .            .

 DSM-III (1980),        ,                 .   ,  ,              ,           养     ,                15-     .    , ,                .

.   . [32]          18  25 ,           15 ,     . .   . ,      ,      :

1)      ,          ;

2)  ;

3)      ,   ,     .

      DSM-III-R (1987),    DSM-III (1980),        ,     ,   ,    .               15        (DSM-III)      15  18  (DSM-III-R).      ,           :        ,     ,   .   :  ,     ,   ,    ,       .          .

        ,   ,       ,   , ,  ,   ,   .           ,      ,     .     ,                  [27].

  DSM-IV-TR  ,   18     ,       :

1.    -   .     ,  .            .        ,     .          .       ,   .     .    : ,   .      .         ,  ,      .      ,    ,  ,     ,      .  ,        .    ,    .

2.              ,            .    :   , , , ,   , ,  .

3.  ,    ,   .    .      ,     ,  ,  .

4.   .  ,        ,     .            ,    .

5.   .   ?   ,     .   ,    ,  , .  -      -   ,   ,   .         ,    .     - .   ,    ,  ,    ,    , ..  ,    .     ,       .     ,   .    , ..       .   ,    ,   .    .     .    .

6.     .       ,   ,      ,   .     ,     .       ,   ,    .    .

7.     ,  .  , ,  ,      ,       ,      .

8.   ,   .      .      ,    .    ,  .       .         , ..             , ,    .       ,    .  ,   ,  ,      ,     .     ,    ,     .         .           .

 DSM-IV-TR ,      , ,   .

  ,        .             eg.   ,   -   ,      ,     .       .  ,      .       ,      ( )            ,   , : ,    ,    .

    -     ,   .        .

    .             , ,  ,  .        : ,   ,    ,        ,   ,  .       , ,     .   ,        ,   .  ,         , , .       .       ,              .

       ,     ,  ,  .    ,    SSB (sensation seeking behavior)     .       ,   .

.  (. Lewis) [21]      :

1) ,      , ,  , ;

2) ,    .

           .  ,              . .  (S. Smith)  .  (J. Newman) [35],       ,                      .

. , .  (Newman)  . - (R. Fairley-Jones) [5]      -   , ,     ,          .

     .     ,       ,          .        . ,  ,      .

.  (H. Checkley) [3]         16 ,          .  ,  ,  , , , ,    .

 .     .  (R. Hare)  . [9]      :

1)/ ;

2)  ;

3)  /  ;

4) ;

5)/;

6)    ;

7) ;

8),  ;

9)  ;

10)  ;

11)  ;

12)   ;

13)   ;

14);

15);

16)       ;

17)   ;

18)   ( );

19) ;

20)    .

       0, 1  2.    40.   30     ().            .        ,  ,    ,   , ,   ..  ,       .

.   1993       ()      (    )    ,               ,  .            ,            .

 XIX          ,    ,   ,    ,   ,      , .. ,  , ,        .

       ,            ,    .    ,         .     .     ,         .    , , .         .      ,         . ,   ,           .     ,  ,      ,   .       ,    .

      ,     .       - ,     ,   ,   .        ,   ,   .

       ,    ,      .       . , , ,  ,     ,        , ,   .  - ,     ,        ,  ,   .          .

    ,      ,    .       (. ),        .

       ,  ,  .     ,        .      ,     .    ,     , - ,     .      ,  ,  .        ,  ,    ,  .

      .   . ,  37%    ,   .  ,        .

,   ,      ,   .    94% ; ,      72%;        67%.    ,  ,    .

    ,  ,     .           ,   ,         .

, .  (S. Yochelson), .  (S. Samenow) [45]          ,    ,       .       .

.  (H. Checkley) [3],     ,   ,               .     (  .  )   ,  , -, , ,  .        .     ,           .       , ,        .  ,         . .  ,          , ,  ,  ,     .             .

  .  (R. Jenkins) [12],    ,       homo domesticus ( ).                  ,         . .  ,              , , ,    ,    -   , ,    , , , ,    .           .        .        ,      ,     . /         ,             .     -  ,  ,   .     -,  - ;      ,   ,        .

    ,          , , .   ,  ,       ,    (thrill).    ,  . A.  (A. Sulter) [36] ,             .

      . , , C.  (C. Babiak) [2]     ,  ,    .  ,             .          .      ,  ,  ,   ,  .    ,   .  ,         ,  ,  ,     ,      .          ,         ,      ,      .        .            -.

.  (A. Sulter) [36]             ()   .           ,    ,      .     , ,  ,  ,  ,     .      ,         . ,    ,   , .           ,   ,            .

       , ,  ,        .  (D. Lykken) [25],    ,       ,     1000 ,   ,     ,   . .           .

  ,         ,       .          , ..   :  (thrill)   ,    ,      .

         .   ,      .           , ,    ,    .      ,  ,  .

.  (V. Joines) [14],   ,        , ,               ( DSM-IV).           ,   .           ,  ;  ,    ,   ,  , , .

.                    .                ,                   .

 ,    ,      ,   ,  , ,  ,    .       , ,  ()  ,     .

   ,         ,   ,    .  ,   .  [3], .   . [8],     ,    ,         .

         ,              , ,     ,           .        ,     /  .

.  (J. Newman)  . [30]               .          ,       .

      , .     ,        .        ,  .    ,   -  . ,      ,  ,    ,     .     ,               .     ,  ,  .         ,        .             ating out (),     rozrabiac.

 ,        ,    .       ,  ,     ,    ,          78- .        (,   ),     ,       .

    .  (P. Greenacre) [6],                   .

          .  (B. Karpman) [15],         .

.  (A. Johnson) [13]  ,            .        /   ,     .         , ,             .

.  (R. Lindner) [23]  ,                ,  ,     (68 )  .                   .

     , , .      , ,         .        ,         .            1996      .

         ,     (A Handful of Dust, 1946);  (The Loved One, 1948);   (Vile Bodies, 1948)  .

     (     )  24-    (H. James. The Turn of the Screw, 1898)      ,         .

            2002   .  ,     ,  ,    ,      .

        .      ,      ,   ,            .            ,        .     ,       , ,   ,     ,     .

           .                   .        .         ,    .         .

     .              .

      ,      .  ,  -10      ,  .     ,      ,   , ,    ,   , .

   .  [25]     .       ,       .    .    ,             .      ,  ,      .   . ,         (),      (     ,   ,    ,     );   ( );  ,  ,  .

             .            attachment.          ,         ,     ,  ߻- .          .

.  [24] ,     ,      ,              -  .

     (     )        ,                .                      (attachment).

                 .              ,      . , ,         .

  . ,  ,         ,  ,   ..          .         .              .

          ,    .            .         ,                .

                    .    ,            ,    .                   , ,  .          .    ,     .

         .             ,   ,     ,  ,   .      - ,        ,      .

    ,      ,   ,   .          , ,        ,     ,    .

       ,   , ,  .          .      .




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