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All rights reserved including the right of reproduction in whole or in part in any form. This edition published by arrangement with Avery, an imprint ofPenguin Publishing Group, a division of Penguin Random House LLC.



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notes








1


Daniel M. Wolpert, Zoubin Ghahramani, and J. Randall Flanagan. Perspectives and Problems in Motor Learning. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 5, 11 (2001): 487494.




2


Doug Anderson. Recovering Humanity: Movement, Sport, and Nature. Journal of the Philosophy of Sport 28, 2 (2001): 140150.




3


Alexander Bain. The Senses and the Intellect. London: John W. Parker & Son, 1855.




4


Vybarr Cregan-Reid. Footnotes: How Running Makes Us Human (New York: Thomas Dunne Books/St. Martins Press, 2017).




5


Scott Dunlap, Understanding the Runners High. January 8, 2005; http://www.atrailrunnersblog.com/2005/01/understanding-runners-high.html (http://www.atrailrunnersblog.com/2005/01/understanding-runners-high.html).




6


1= 1,60934,     . . .




7


Dan Sturn. How Humans Fly. In Garth Battista, ed., The Runners High: Illumination and Ecstasy in Motion (Halcottsville, NY: Breakaway Books, 2014), 178.




8


https://www.reddit.com/r/running/comments/1nbmjc/what_does_the_runners_high_actually_feel_like/ (https://www.reddit.com/r/running/comments/1nbmjc/what_does_the_runners_high_actually_feel_like/).




9


Stephanie Case. Riding the Runners Highs and Braving the Lows. March 10, 2011; https://ultrarunnergirl.com/2011/03/10/highs_and_lows/ (https://ultrarunnergirl.com/2011/03/10/highs_and_lows/).




10


Dennis M. Bramble and Daniel E. Lieberman. Endurance Running and the Evolution of Homo. Nature 432, 7015 (2004): 345352.




11


        .     : https://www.storycollider.org/stories/2016/10/22/herman-pontzer-burning-calories (https://www.storycollider.org/stories/2016/10/22/herman-pontzer-burning-calories).




12


David A. Raichlen et al. Physical Activity Patterns and Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Hunter-Gatherers. American Journal of Human Biology 29, 2 (2017): DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22919 (http://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.22919).




13


Jared M. Tucker, Gregory J. Welk, and Nicholas K. Beyler. Physical Activity in US Adults: Compliance with the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 40, 4 (2011): 454461; Vijay R. Varma et al. Re-evaluating the Effect of Age on Physical Activity over the Lifespan. Preventive Medicine 101 (2017): 102108.




14


Raichlen et al. Physical Activity Patterns and Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Hunter-Gatherers.




15


Stephanie A. Hooker and Kevin S. Masters. Purpose in Life Is Associated with Physical Activity Measured by Accelerometer. Journal of Health Psychology 21, 6 (2016): 962971.




16


Neal Lathia et al. Happier People Live More Active Lives: Using Smartphones to Link Happiness and Physical Activity. PLoS One 12, 1 (2017): e0160589.




17


Jaclyn P. Maher et al. Daily Satisfaction with Life Is Regulated by Both Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 36, 2 (2014): 166178.




18


Romano Endrighi, Andrew Steptoe, and Mark Hamer. The Effect of Experimentally Induced Sedentariness on Mood and Psychobiological Responses to Mental Stress. The British Journal of Psychiatry: The Journal of Mental Science 208, 3 (2016): 245251.




19


Meghan K. Edwards and Paul D. Loprinzi. Experimentally Increasing Sedentary Behavior Results in Increased Anxiety in an Active Young Adult Population. Journal of Affective Disorders 204 (2016): 166173; Meghan K. Edwards and Paul D. Loprinzi. Effects of a Sedentary Behavior Inducing Randomized Controlled Intervention on Depression and Mood Profile in Active Young Adults. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 91, 8 (2016): 984998; Meghan K. Edwards and Paul D. Loprinzi. Experimentally Increasing Sedentary Behavior Results in Decreased Life Satisfaction. Health Promotion Perspectives 7, 2 (2017): 8894.




20


Tim Althoff et al. Large-Scale Physical Activity Data Reveal Worldwide Activity Inequality. Nature 547, 7663 (2017): 336339.




21


.: Bramble and Lieberman. Endurance Running and the Evolution of Homo; Herman Pontzer. Economy and Endurance in Human Evolution. Current Biology 27, 12 (2017): R613621; Jay Schulkin, Evolutionary Basis of Human Running and Its Impact on Neural Function. Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience 10 (2016): 59.




22


Herman Pontzer. The Exercise Paradox. Scientific American, February 2017.   . 27.




23


Tiina Saanijoki et al. Opioid Release After High-Intensity Interval Training in Healthy Human Subjects. Neuropsychopharmacology 43, 2 (2018): 246254; Henning Boecker et al., The Runners High: Opioidergic Mechanisms in the Human Brain. Cerebral Cortex 18, 11 (2008): 25232531.




24


Patrick M. Whitehead. The Runners High Revisited: A Phenomenological Analysis. Journal of Phenomenological Psychology 47, 2 (2016): 183198.




25


David A. Raichlen et al., Exercise-Induced Endocannabinoid Signaling Is Modulated by Intensity. European Journal of Applied Physiology 113, 4 (2013): 869875.




26


David A. Raichlen et al. Wired to Run: Exercise-Induced Endocannabinoid Signaling in Humans and Cursorial Mammals with Implications for the Runners High. Journal of Experimental Biology 215, 8 (2012): 13311336.




27


Angelique G. Brellenthin et al. Endocannabinoid and Mood Responses to Exercise in Adults with Varying Activity Levels. Translational Journal of the American College of Sports Medicine 2, 21 (2017): 138145; E. Heyman et al. Intense Exercise Increases Circulating Endocannabinoid and BDNF Levels in Humans Possible Implications for Reward and Depression. Psychoneuroendocrinology 37, 6 (2012): 844851; P. B. Sparling et al. Exercise Activates the Endocannabinoid System. NeuroReport 14, 17 (2003): 22092211; M. Feuerecker et al. Effects of Exercise Stress on the Endocannabinoid System in Humans Under Field Conditions. European Journal of Applied Physiology 112, 7 (2012): 27772781.




28


 : Elizabeth Cassidy, Sandra Naylor, and Frances Reynolds. The Meanings of Physiotherapy and Exercise for People Living with Progressive Cerebellar Ataxia: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Disability and Rehabilitation 40, 8 (2018): 894904.




29


      ;  ࠖ    ,  . . .




30


David Fleming. Slow and Steady Wins the Planet. ESPN, February 11, 2011; http://www.espn.com/espn/news/story?id=6110087 (http://www.espn.com/espn/news/story?id%3d6110087).




31


Adharanand Finn. Why We Love to Run. The Guardian, February 5, 2013; https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/the-running-blog/2013/feb/05/why-we-love-to-run (https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/the-running-blog/2013/feb/05/why-we-love-to-run).




32


Robin Christensen et al. Efficacy and Safety of the Weight-Loss Drug Rimonabant: A Meta-Analysis of Randomised Trials. The Lancet 370, 9600 (2007): P17061713.




33


Hamilton Morris. New Frontiers of Sobriety. Vice, July 31, 2009; https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/kwg8ny/new-frontiers-of-sobriety-984-v16n8 (https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/kwg8ny/new-frontiers-of-sobriety-984-v16n8).




34


Brooke K. Keeney et al. Differential Response to a Selective Cannabinoid Receptor Antagonist (SR141716: Rimonabant) in Female Mice from Lines Selectively Bred for High Voluntary Wheel-Running Behaviour. Behavioural Pharmacology 19, 8 (2008): 812820; Sarah Dubreucq et al. Ventral Tegmental Area Cannabinoid Type-1 Receptors Control Voluntary Exercise Performance. Biological Psychiatry 73, 9 (2013): 895903.




35


Johannes Fuss et al. A Runners High Depends on Cannabinoid Receptors in Mice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 112, 42 (2015): 1310513108.




36


Eli Puterman et al. Physical Activity and Negative Affective Reactivity in Daily Life. Health Psychology 36, 12 (2017): 11861194.




37


Andreas Str?hle et al. The Acute Antipanic and Anxiolytic Activity of Aerobic Exercise in Patients with Panic Disorder and Healthy Control Subjects. Journal of Psychiatric Research 43, 12 (2009): 10131017.


