Hey! Listen!     
 


  
  70-   .  ,       ,  ,      .     .   ,     .      !

 ,           Dara OBriains Go 8 Bit,    7090-.        ,         ,     ,       .       ! ,      .





 

Hey! Listen!     


   





   Β


    .  ,        ,            .

,   ,   ,    .            , :      养   ,   ,       .

   ,  ,     ,      ,       Pac-Land,    .

  .  ,     ,    ,      . , - -  ,   ,          .  ,        .

  .      ,      ,     ,         .

        ,  -   ,        ,   ,        ,       1960-,            .

            ,       1989     Alex Kidd  ,      !   !

,  , Alex Kidd     .   ,           .    :      ,   ,    ,      ,  ,    .         Sinclair Spectrum  Commodore,  ,  ,     .    ? !  !     64  ( : 38 )!       ,    ,             [1 -   ,      ZX Spectrum     .       Sinclair Research. . .].

,    !    !    ,      ,  !      ,          ,    ,   .



,  , ,     ,   ,       FIFA,  ,      6      .     ,     Fortnite -     ,    -    ,      ,  ,   ,     . ,      ,             ,      .

          .        ,  ,        ,      .

          . ,        Manic Miner!        Track and Field,  , ,      .

 ,        .          .

 ,    .

    ,  .







 !

          ,     Go 8 Bit. ,   Go 8 Bit   Β,     ,       .      ,    - . ,        ,     !  ,    ,   -  ,      .   , ,      Β  ,   .

,     . ,    .          .     ( -     ),      Nintendo Switch,     Mario Odyssey,     Tropico    Cooking Fever,        ,  ,       .  ? ,          Nintendo Wii.

 .

 ,  Wii   ,         :  ,  ,  . , -  ,           .

  ,        , ,  ,   .  ,       (, !),   .       ,    ,   -    黠  .   ,  .    ,         2018/2019       -    (  ,       Pong   ).

  ,       .     ,       ,      -  , Pong.           Pong,  Adman Grandstand TV Game 2000  - .        ,         ,    ,        .     ,    ,    , The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time.        (     ),        .    ,     .        , ,   ,   .



       ,   ,     .        ,      . ,          .  ,      ?

,      ,    ,    ,     [2 -  ,   Mega Mall Story  Kairosoft.     ,    .]     .  ,      ,   -    ,     .   ,      ,      ,       .      ,    ,           il pirata pallido,    .     ,        ,     ,   ,    .   ,  ,  ,     Go 8 Bit   .    , ,    2010 !           ,     ,     ,    .

,     ,        .          Nintendo  Sega    ,     Atari. ,  -,  ,   ,     [3 -           .].        ,    ,   (        ).         , , ,      , ,      .

,  . ! ,  .    ,      

  (   )




1

   Pong


          .  ,   -       [4 -    ! ,  !],   [5 -   . . .],             ,     ,   .    -         ,      .             (     ,            ).       , .   ,    ,     .        ,     . -,      ,      ,     !   ?  -    ,   -           ,        .   , ?   ,    ,  !  .



.   ?

      ,    1931 ,  ,            Baffle Ball.         ,          .      ,      .       ,   -    XX .       ,             1777 .  ,          Baffle Ball,     .   ,        .

,    ,      .       50      ,         ?    ,  ,       Baffle Ball,      .     , Lion Manufacturing,          , Ballyhoo.    ,       Lion  Bally,   ,   Gottlieb  Williams[6 -    WMS Industries.],       .

          ,   ,      ,         ,   .      ,   -,            . -        ,        .  ,        ,        .        ,  ,     ,     .   ,    .   , 1933       , Contact.          ( ),         .     ,   ,        .    -       ,   .

 ,  ,   ,    [7 -      Baffle Ball   150   -,    .],          . ,   ,            .           ,       ,   [8 -    ,   ,  ,      .].   ,  -   ,                 ,     !  ,  -       .    !           ,         .

          - ,       ,  :    ,    .  ,      1947 ,  - -! -,    ,       .           ,      .  ,        ,        ?

Humpty Dumpty   Gottlieb   ,     (   )    :  ,     .     ,   Genco,       ,    !        ,   .    !  -          ,         .  -, ,     1970-.     ,   1950- -      -   ,        (-   ).     ,    

 Service Games     1952      ,        -       .    , Service Games          ,       . ,         ,     .

      ,          ,      .  Service Games    ,    -  (   ),       .         ?  Service Games  -    Sega Enterprise Ltd,       ,      .       ,      .   Sega      Taito,      . ,     ,   !  Taito   , ,           ,     .         Nintendo  Namco[9 -    Nakamura Manufacturing Company,     NA-M-CO.],      . Nintendo      . Namco   ,       ,    ,           ,   ,    .

Sega      ,         .  , Periscope[10 -      ,     (     ,   ),   -     .   ,  ,   . -    , ,   .   -   . ,  , .] (1966) -   .     (   ,   ),             .     , Sega     25      10 ,      ,    (        !).

-      ,      ,    .. Gottlieb    Baffle Ball     - . Seeburg       .    ,  Six Gun,       ,  /   ,  Shoot The Bear (1947),         ,        .     ,    ,     ,     , -   ,   .  ,     ,      . Seeburg      .    ,  Chicago Coin,  Speedway (1969).        ,      ,     .    , ,       ,       ,       -  . Chicago Coin      -,        Pong.

       Pachinko.   ,   .         ,       ,    .         .        , Pachinko   Pachisuro (    -,       )  .        ,     ,   , ,  ,    Pachinko    ,         .  , ,        ,       ,       .

     ,      ,   ,     ,   ,      .            :     ,   ,  ,      , -    ,  -   ,           ,       ,       .     ,     ,          . ,     ,     ,       ,     (    ) .

-     ,   .



        1946 .        (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator,   ENIAC),   ,       (   17   ),         . , ,    (400  ,       ),      .

   (1947-,  ,     )             .       ,    .    ,         ,      .   : ,        ! , ,       .           .    ,     ,     .   ,     ,    ,       ,     .      ,      ,     ,       [11 -   ,     ,   .].          ,      . ,  ,     .  -  ,        ,      .     .

     Bertie the Brain ( , 1950),    ,         ,     .               -[12 - -              .].    ,        ,             ,    .    3?3     ,          . ,       !     ,          ,   -,    ,          ,    .       ,   .   .

 ,      ,        . ,      - ,   ,           .        ,     ,   ,     ,   .  ,      ,       Bovril[13 -       ,        . . .].

         ,      ,   1951 ,    ( ,          ),         (  ,      ).

 , ,      Ferranti,   ,       .  ,        ,   ,        ,     (   ).  ,   Nimrod,  360 ? 270 ? 150,         .   ENIAC,     ,           ,   ( . rods)[14 -  ,    ,    .        Nim   rod,          .   .    .]. ,        ,          .         ,      Ferranti.

    Ferranti     ,            Manchester Mark 1,  Ferranti Mark 1[15 -       .].  ,     ,            [16 -      ?   ,     .].  ,          [17 -   -,    .  ,      ,    . ,   ,    .]     ,             .     ,     ,          .     :    ,        ,     , , , . LOL.

    ,  ,      ,     .     .  1952      -,    OXO,    EDSAC (Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator,        ).  ,   ,           .    ,       ,   ,    .      .    ,     ,   .        ,      . ,      ,                 ,        .  1958      -             .         (   )  ,   .       ,  ,     .   Nimrod, Tennis for Two (  )            .  , ,       .

    ,     ,         [18 - [18]  : 76- Magnavox     ,     Magnavox Odyssey      .       ,         .     ,          Tennis for Two (  ,      ),    Magnavox.    ,  Magnavox Odyssey    ,      Tennis for Two   . . .].           ,  Tennis for Two    ,      ,  ,   .  -,     ,         ,  ,     .   , ?!      ,    ,     !  ,    !  !  ,         .

,    ,     ,    ,   -      /.  ,       .             ,    ,   .

       PDP-1 (Programmed Data Processor,   ), ,  120       .  ,         . ,  -     TMRC (Tech Model Railroad Club)         ,  ,       .  1961     TMRC,        ,   ,      Spacewar![19 - ,   .        .] ,    -    ,     1961-,     .                ,      200  .

        .    ,          .       ,        PDP-1.    TMRC    Spacewar!     .         ,     ,  ( )      .      ,                    .    ,       ,   ,    .    Spacewar!   ,       ,     PDP-1. TMRC     ,    . ,   ,   ,   -     ?  , ,      ,      ,  ,  .        [20 -       -    ,   (    ),    .  . . .].

    !            ,      Spacewar!  .  PDP-1     ,       . TMRC      ,     PDP-1. Digital Equipment ( PDP-1)              .        Spacewar!    .       ,            .   Spacewar!     .      ,    FORTRAN (    GOTRAN).       2D  3D- -,      ,           ,      . , ,   ,   -.

         Lagoon  --,        ,     .     :          -  Spacewar! ,        .

  ,      ,    ,  -,     Sanders,      .          Sanders (   )          500   .  1966       ,  ,   ,        (            ).     ,               .  ,      ,      ,        .

       ,      ( ,   ,  ),  .   ,     -    .      ,         .           .  -        :      (   Spacewar!     ,      ),     ,  ,   .    ,      ,    -  , ,        ,   (  Sanders  - )   . , ,        ,        .

    ,     1969    -    Ampex.    ,        ,     Spacewar! .        (,   , ) -  Texas Instruments.     ,          ,      .     ,   ,      .        ,  ,           - .        ,   .

,      .        Ampex      [21 -   ,          ,   . ,       Periscope,   .].   ,    ,   Texas Instruments       ,    Ampex. ,           ,      (            ,  !).    ,    ,     .      - ,          - .

  ,     ,       . -, ,  .  Spacewar!   ,    ,      .     ,   ,     .       ,     Nutting Associates.       .       ,    ,       ,        ! ,      ,   -  .

 Nutting Associates      Computer Quiz  -,       ,     ,    .        [22 -  ,          ,   .].  Computer Quiz     ,  ,     -.        ,    ,   .   Computer Space,    Computer Quiz.       Lagoon  ,    - ,           .    ,    ,    .

   1971        [23 -  -  Gans.   , ,        .     .], ,     ,     ,     . ,          .   ,           . , ,   ,                  .             .    , Nutting     1500   Computer Space,     . ,     Nutting    ,          .  Computer Space   ,      .     .    ,      (, ,   )  Syzygy ().    - ,           Atari.

                   .  1971         Spacewar!   Galaxy Game,     (  ,         ).     -  14  , PDP-11,       .               ,     .

      Galaxy Game   20       ,   -  ,         100 .      ,      .     10 ,         200  . ,   ,     ,      1979 .    ,       1971-,           65  .    ,     .   ,  -  65  ,       65    ,  -      ,            

Galaxy Game       Spacewar!    Computer Space,     .       ,         ,      ().             .     ,      . Sanders     ,        .    .  ,      Sanders  4    11 ,         ,           .   ,      7  ,             -,         

     ,    .   :             ,          ,     ,  ,  ,     .  ,     ,    . ,          [24 -     . . .]. ,     .   ,      .     Magnavox (    Magnavox Odyssey),    ,     ,       19,95     100.

   ,        .   -,   .       (     )   24,99    .

 Odyssey             Ol Blue Eyes Is Back. ,         ,        .   ,   , Odyssey   ,      !     .  , Magnavox      .    ,  24  1972     ( ),   ,   ,      -.       , Atari.  ,     .




2

 Atari


      Atari    Bally,      -.  ,   ,        .    ,      [25 - ,   ,    .   .].  ,   Computer Space, Bally    Atari (    Midway,   )      .     ,   Atari   Ampex      .          ,     ,        .     -,   ,    .         ,  ,        General Electric[26 -     .],      Atari   .

          Computer Space,    .       ,           .  ,       ,     .          ,    .      ,    .    ,        [27 - Magnavox Odyssey, ,    .],    ,      ,   (    Odyssey),    .    ,    Pong,     ,      .      ,       ,        Computer Space.   Pong   - .       , ,   ,   Atari      .       ,     [28 -  ,       .].      Computer Space,   Pong    :   ,    .

      Midway,    Pong    ,   .

     Atari      -[29 -     ,       ,      .],          Pong        1972 .           ( ),                -,      Computer Space.   ,    Atari    ,   :   (    Ampex),       ,     ,  .    ,        .

  Pong     ,   ,     ,        , ,   .     :    ,     .    , , ,          . ,               ,       Atari .        50  ,   Wells Fargo         Pong.

  Atari       ,            .  ,    .    :               . , Atari    ,            . ,          Pong   . ,     ,        .       Atari,     - : ,   ,    , !

     ,      Pong (     1972 )  Atari  .           .        ,      . Atari    ,          Pong.  -   50   ,   Pong     ,     :    25 ,            .    ,     ,  -   -,       ,    .

   Atari    Pong,       .    Quadrapong   [30 -       ,      ,   ,    . . .]      ,         ;  Rebound,    ,         . Rebound   Tennis for Two,  ,     ,   ,    Pong.           .

,    . Atari       ,   .    Pong     Midway  Asteroid[31 -      Asteroids  Atari,   1979 .],            .  Midway    ,          ,  Space Race,         Atari.  ,    .       Cadbury    Dairy Milk[32 -       . . .],           ,  , Cadbury       [33 -    ,         .].  Space Race    , Gotcha,            .     ,   .        -,       ,     . ,  Gotcha    .          ,     ,   .    ,  -     ,    .     Atari      .   ,                .  Pong      ,   .   Nutting Associates, Midway, Sega     ,    1974    Pong   ,   Atari. ,  Midway    Pong   Winner,  Atari   ,       .  -   Atari      ,   ,    .    ,   Pong     .

    Atari (, , )   ,        , Ampex.   1974  Atari   Cyan Engineering,     Ampex,     . Cyan Engineering   (    ) , ,   ,    ,  Atari  .  ,      ,    Gran Trak 10.     ,   ,   .    ,   ,       .  ,   :      ,  ,   ,    ,  ,   ,    ,  ,   ,     ,    .    ,  ,   . ?

  Gran Trak 10   ,     .       Atari  1974     . ,  ,      , -    Gran Trak 10   100   .

 Atari .    ,       ,  ,       .     ,  Pong,       -        Gran Trak 10   .  ,  ,     .         ,     , , -  ..            . ,      - Bally,     Williams.    ,          ,    .

    ,    Atari ,      Kee Games.   ,     Atari       Elimination ( Quadrapong), Spike ( Rebound)  Formula K ( Gran Trak 10).  Atari      ,        Atari,    ,      . ,       ,    Kee Games      ,  ,    Atari      .        ,   .  , ,        ,      Atari,      ,     .     : - Kee Games     .

1.  .

2.?

3.!



,  Kee Games   ,      Atari     .   ,     ,      Rebound.       .   ,  ,  Tank ( 1974).   :            ,     .  -       Spacewar!    ,   .

Atari   Tank,       Kee Games,  ,        (,  ,  ).   Atari   ,  ,        .           Atari  Kee     .         .

Nintendo      Wild Gunman,   .               . , Nintendo       .       Beam Gun  ,    ,         .      ,   .   ,         ,    .  Nintendo          - (  ,      ).     Laser Clay Shooting System  ,   ,      Wild Gunman.

            Taito.   Pong,   Basketball,    ,     ,          .         Speed Race,         ,    .  Midway     ,    ,        Gun Fight  1975 ,         .        , Western Gun,  Midway    .  ,  ,       ,   Nutting Associates,   Computer Space  1971 .       ,      , Nutting Industries.  ,     -  [34 -      .].

 1974-         Bally,   1975     Micro Games,   Bally   .   -  Micro Games   Spirit of76    ,   -      .  ,    -   ,         , ..        .     Western Gun  Midway[35 - : Midway    ,     Bally.],   [36 -   , Intel 8080.].   Gunfight       ,          .  ,     ,    ,       .       ,    Sea Wolf,   -  Periscope,  Sega   .          ,      .    ,        ,       ,  ,      ,     .           -,  .   ,  Atari     ,   .           , Night Driver[37 -        ,           1975  N?rburgring (      ),   .],           .

Atari        (    - )    1976 ,       Breakout,        Atari,        .      ,  ,      .    ,        Apple Computer Inc.  .

  Breakout         Pong,        .     ,     ()   ,    .    Atari   10       ,  ,    ,    ,        10       100   (           ).   ,        ,            Atari.    ,  .   ,       Hewlett Packard,   AppleII  ,         .  ,     Homebrew Computer Club (  )  ,     .   ,          Breakout,    .    ,       30 ,       ,      !  Atari ,   ,        .     ,      750  + 100    ,     5000 .     ,     750 .      , ,     Apple.   :  ()  , ,   ,      -  60     6000. ,       Apple, ,          [38 - !  ,  !].

 ,    . ,       .

Namco    Atari  ,        ,      Breakout,   .       ,    .   Namco   ,     .     Atari       ,    ,          ,      .  Namco        ,       .        Atari    ,  ,       ,  Breakout    .  ,       Atari,      ,         . ,     ,     . Namco      Atari,       ,      . ,     Atari,        ,      .



    Pong        Magnavox Odyssey,          -       .  ,   ,   1974        ,  ,    Pong.           ,    Magnavox,    ,     Pong    .    Odyssey   ,   Pong     ,  ,    .   Magnavox  ,   [39 -  Odyssey     1975 , Magnavox         1973-.],     ,    Atari   ,       100 ,    . ,    Atari,      Sears,           -.  ,         ,     ,      ,   Sears    .       ,  Atari .

     . Atari      ,           1974 .   1975-     ,       Sears,   .    ,        . ,      -     ,    Pong.  ,        ,     .  Sears ,          ?  ,    75 . Sears  150 .    ,  Atari     .  .

   ,    ,     .     ,            .  , Sequoia Capital,         ,  Apple, Cisco, YouTube  Google[40 -   Yahoo, Instagram, WhatsApp, PayPal   .  ,     ,    .].            Atari,      -   Kee Games          .   ,     :      ,     ,      ! ,  ,  .      ,       Atari        .

   Atari       Sears  Sequoia Capital  ,     .  ,     Sears   Atari,  ,    . ,    ,   ,     ,          .     ,    ,    .   Atari    ,    Sears   .

 1975      . Sears   150   Atari   Sears Tele-Games,     .  1976- Atari      ,     ,       .     ,  Pong Doubles (    ), Super Pong (   ,     )  Super Pong Ten (     ).    , Magnavox     ,    Atari    .     ,  Magnavox       -   Odyssey.     ,      Atari    ,    700  .      ,     Atari.   ,         Magnavox,     ,      Pong.

 , , .       1976  1977             .    General Instruments,      AY-3-8500[41 - :      ,    .].       Pong[42 -  , ,      Pong     Pong.]     ,      5        ,           .   -  Connecticut Leather Company,       .      ,  ,  ,    ,  Magnavox        Pong.  Connecticut Leather Company (     )       ,          Coleco        .  General Instruments      AY-3-8500,      ,   ,      Coleco.              , Telstar,    [43 -  ,   .       . . .]  1976       50 .  General Instruments  , Magnavox      ,   Coleco     ,         . ,  ,       [44 - !].  ,       ,         ,       ,       .

   ,    Pong      ,    .    , 1976  1977, Atari  Hockey Pong, Pong Doubles, Super Pong, Super Pong Doubles, Super Pong 10, Ultra Pong  Ultra Pong Doubles. Coleco  Telstar, Telstar Classic, Telstar Deluxe, Telstar Ranger, Telstar Alpha, Telstar Colormatic, Telstar Regent, Telstar Galaxy, Telstar Gemini  Telstar Arcade[45 -      :  ,    . ,     .]. Magnavox  Odyssey 100, Odyssey 200, Odyssey 300, Odyssey 400, Odyssey 500, Odyssey 2000, Odyssey 3000  Odyssey 4000. ,        ,     .          ,    PC-50x,       -    AY-3-8500   [46 -    Adman Grandstand TV Game 2000    ,   Pong    .    ,  ,      ,    .   .].         Electrotennis   Epoch ( ,       ), TV Jack,  Bandai, , ,       Odyssey    Nintendo.   Nintendo Color TV Game 6            36 .

 1976       ,     Video Entertainment System,   Fairchild      Channel F.     Odyssey, VES   ,  ,            .          ,  .   Channel F       ,    Magnavox Odyssey,    ,  ,    ,   ,     .  , ,  Channel F  ໠    ,       .

      1976     Auto Race   Mattel Electronics.      ,   ,          .   Auto Race        Speed Race,  Taito  1974 .       ,       ,   .     25 ,      (   )  ,      . Mattel       ,        ,   .    ,           ,          ,     ,          .

    , , , ,  Atari          Pong.     ,       .         .   Atari  Magnavox      ,        1  1977 .        , 4  1977-, Atari ,       .       ,     . , ,   ,          Magnavox,          .       ,     .

  ,              Atari  .      ,  ,    Channel F,    Ataris Video Computer System (    Atari 2600).    Channel F,        .            ,     .  VCS  Atari   , ,        ,    ,      .     Atari  Warner Communicatons (   Warner Bros.),        .  Warner,  ,       ,   ,    .       Atari 28  ,      , ,  ,   100 ,     VCS     .            Atari  Pong, Tank   Gran Trak.

   :    ,        (   10 ,    30),     1977    400   Atari VCS. ,        ,  ,  ,            .     1978   Atari      .

  Atari,    ,   .   Warner  ,  ,           Atari?   ,          .        ,  Warner      VCS,      ,     ,  ,        ,          VCS.        ,    1978      Atari,     .     ,         ,    ,     Atari.     ,  .   ,          ,  .

    .   1978       ,      .        Atari,    -  ,    .     .      .            .




3

   


 Midway    Space Invaders,   ,    [47 - ,      ,   .].               ,   ,  Space Invaders    ,    .     ,   ,     , Western Gun.       Breakout  Atari,               .   Breakout    ,   ,           .     , ,    ,      . ,           .   :         ,      .           !

   ,      ,   .      ,   Space Invaders   ,      ,  ,    .       ,        ( ),   .   ,  Space Invaders     ,       100    ,     .  ,      Space Invaders[48 -  ,             Space Invaders.],      ,   .     ,     ,     ,  , ,    [49 -       ,    ,          .].

     ,    .       ,        .     ,     ,      ,  ,  ,  ,    .      Atari   , Atari Football ( ,     ).        ,    Soccer 1973 ,          . , ,       Atari,  ,   .   Football     :       ,      ,   ,  .      ,       ,   ,      ,  . ,     ,    Football         25      90 ,      .  ,   -    (  )  ,       .  Atari Football,    Space Invaders,     ,        . ,        ,     .

     .        Atari     ,       .              Chuck E.Cheeses[50 -     Atari   ,     Chuck E.Cheeses.].    ,       ,    ,   .         Chuck E.Cheeses        (      ).  ,      ,       .     ,       .  -     :    .

 ,       .   (    )          ,       Space Invaders.     ,       /   1961 ,   , ,  -.      ,    .  ,   ,   ,           .         ,     --.    ,    -     Cyan Engineering,    -  ,        .    ,   ,     ,       ,       .     ,      ,  Chuck E.Cheeses   ,        -  .         Kee Games     .      ,      .

     ,      Chuck E.Cheeses   (,       .).     ,      ,       ,   .   ,    Chuck E.Cheeses,   :       . ,  , .  ,         .

 ,      Atari,      ,            .   ,    Chuck E.Cheeses?     ,           Atari,      .

       , ,     Atari,   .          ,  ,  ,    Atari     VCS,      .    , ,     .      Fortune      ,          .

       ,     .   Atari     ,     Space Wars,   Cinematronics  1977-.    ,      (   -),       .   Atari      Lunar Lander,   1979 .    ,     ,    ,   ,       .     ,       ,     .    ,      ,     ,         .

     Atari,        .     ໠     ,       ,      ,      .  ,     ,       .

    , Lunar Lander    ,   Space Invaders    Atari ,     .        Atari      -.    Asteroids.     -  ,       ,  -   Super Breakout (     ).  Asteroids       ,     .              ,       .         ,    ,   .

   ,    Spacewar!   :    ,  ,    .     ,        Computer Space,        ,       .

Asteroids,   Space Invaders,      ,      ,        .  ,        ,     ,  . ,     . ,  Asteroids    .    ,      ,    ,       ( -      ) [51 - .  ,  .].         .           ,         .       ,    , ! ,         ,         ,   ,     .     Space Invaders            - .

 , -  ,  Galaxian.     ,        .  ,     ,   Space Invaders,     . Galaxian    Midway,      Taito,   Namco,       Atari.  Taito,  Space Invaders,    ,      .      Atari      Namco, , Galaxian       Atari.      Midway,          Atari.       .             ,        ,       .  , ? -   ,      ? ,  ,    . , ,     !               .        !

 Atari      .   Missile Command,    ,        .            ,   ,    ,   ,       .        ,      .   ,          !    ,            .          Namco     ,    ,      .        .

     .    -. Namco    -.    .  ,     .     Namco  Gee Bomb, Bomb Bee  Cutie Q        . .   ,        . ,  -       :    .  ,      ,         .  ,   ,      .    ?  .    :    ,     ,        [52 -     . Replay: The History of Video Games ( Yellow Ant, 2010).].               ,        ,      [53 -     ,    .].       ,    Pac-Man.

     .      Puck Man,       Pac-Man,      ,   P  F.     ,        ,  Nintendo        Duck Hunt?

  ,        ,   Asteroids  ,  Asteroids   Space Invaders. Pac-Man   :        ,      ,       .       Pac-Man?    ,   .        Pac-Man Fever.      !              [54 -  ,       ,     .],    Time. , , ,         ,  ,     .          ,        .  .

    ,          , ,    , , ,       .       ,        [55 -     , ,   ,            : ,   ,   -.].     . ,      ,   ,     ,    ! ,        ,      ,    .       ,   . , Pac-Man    .

     -,     ( )     .           .    ,       ?   ?!

Pac-Man            .       ,       ,  !    ,      ,   .  Namco      .      ,    ,        .           Rally-X.   -  Pac-Man,    ,    ,    .

     Atari                  1974 , Tank.  Battlezone     3D (    ,    ).      ,    ,      Periscope  Sega  Sea Wolf  Midway.

    ,    ,  ,    ,     (      ).     ,        ,          ,      .

 Battlezone      Tank,      .        ,     , ,   ,       .      ,     ,     ,    ,   .  ,     ,   ,  [56 -   ,            .        ,     .   ,     ,     . . .]  ,            ,     ,             ?

 , ,   ,       ,       .          ,  ,  ,   .   ,      ,      ,    . ,    ,  Atari          ,      ,     ,    . Pac-Man      ,        .

  , ,           - .  Williams,     -,           , Defender.   ,             .    ,    Defender ()         .  ,      ,  ,      ,   . Williams ,   .       1973    Pong   Paddle Ball;       .    ,           -  Atari,    Williams,  -     . ,     ,      -   .            ,     [57 -                ,       .].

    ,   ,  Pong, Space Invaders, Asteroids  Pac-Man,       .  ,    Defender ,        Speed Race  Taito.     ,        ,     .   : !  -      ?!         ,    ,         ,    [58 -         .].

Defender       . ,    Amusement Expo 1980       ,              .     ,     .      ,     .    ,  ,        .        (  Asteroids, Defender   ,     ,  ),   ,  Williams    .  ,       ,        . ,    ,   .    ,          -     Defender        ,     .    ,            ,     .  ,          ,    Dark Souls[59 - ,  ,     Dark Souls.].

  ,      . ,         -,          ,  ,     .     [60 - , .   . ( ,   -    .   , ?)].

, Namco  Midway   , Taito    Space Invaders,  Atari        .      Williams     ,   Nintendo          .

   Nintendo  Radarscope ( Space Invaders  Galaxian)   ,   Pac-Man.  ,  ,     ,   ,  ,      Nintendo.    ,      .      Nintendo  1949 ,          ,    ,   .     ,   .   ,       ,   (  )         ,      .

        ,     Nintendo    -   ,     ,      . Nintendo        ,           .

 Radarscope      ,      .    ,   3  . ,      ,         .       -      Nintendo of America  - (  ),     .  ,     :        .   , Nintendo   -   (  ),     . Radarscope     ,              .

         : ,    .       ,     .    ,        Radarscope, Nintendo     .     ,     (   Nintendo)         Radarscope   .    ,  ,  ,     .          ,              .  ,     ,     .      .

   ,  ,   ,       ,   ,  .              (  ),      ,         .

     Pong  Breakout,    ,     - ,     .    Nintendo          ,           Game amp; Watch (      ).      ,     ,        ,     [61 -    Jumpman ( ),       .     ,        man,  Puck Man  .          Cuite-Q Walk-Man ( ),     -. !],  ,     ,       .               .

  Donkey Kong    ,   -  . ,  Pac-Man  -,      .  Donkey Kong    ,    ,      .  ,    -,      .     ,          ,         .        ,      ,     .    ,      . ,        ,      .         ,   .

    ,      ,     .  Kong ( -)     ,  Donkey ( . )      (      ),     Donkey Kong.  ,  Donkey      Monkey ( . ),    .   ,  Donkey    Monkey,     ,  Kong    ,     -   Monkey Monkey?      Monkey.

,    , ,  /      Gorilla gorilla. ,    ,  ?          Gorilla gorilla gorilla.     .

,   .

      .          ,        ,       .           ,     .    ,       .      ,       ,    ,     ,   Nintendo  .     , Donkey Kong,   .    ,       .   Radarscope          ,       ,    Nintendo    .

,    Donkey Kong     ,   ,     ,   .  ,    .         ,    - ,    Donkey Kong (   ,      )       .

 ,           ,     ,  ,    ,   ,     ,  ,    .  ,    1981    .    Nintendo   ,        ,   .       .     Nintendo of America  ,   ,    ,     .    ,         -,   . ,       ,      .

   Atari         ,         Missile Command. ,     ,   Space Invaders   ,      [62 -     - -    .].         ,           .  , .

   ,     , ,  ,        .       Tempest,   ,    ,   .         ,  .       ,   ,   ,      ,     .     ,     , ,  ,  ,     .

         ,   .  ,   .                !   ,        ,           ,   .  Tempest      :       (  179 480),    40  ,       ,    .  ,        ,    .      ,  Tempest   ,      Atari.        ,         .        ,        .

       Atari.      Namco  Midway,         , Pac-Man.         ,     .   ,  -     Missile Command,     .      ,          -   ,   .      Super Missile Attack. ,   ,     -  295   .    ,     ,          .       General Computer[63 -    .  ,               .]    -    30   .

     ,          Pac-Man,       .     ,       ,   Missile Command,      .       ,  ,    Pac-Man          ,   . ,         -  Pac-Man, Atari      Super Missile Attack.      ,      Atari    -  ,     ,      .      ,  Atari         ,        -.    ,     ,       :                   .

,  Atari   ,  -      ,  ,         ,      ,     .  ,        Midway  ,    Atari  .  ,       ,       -  Pac-Man. Midway    ,   ,   Atari,   .        ,     Midway         .   Pac-Man   ,        -    Midway -     .

         Crazy Otto,      ,     . Midway,  ,  -     ,               .     Pac-Woman,       .   -  ,     -         .     ,         .      ,       Ms.Pac-Man, ,    ,  [64 -     Miss, Missis  Ms        . Miss   , Missis  , Ms   . . .],         .

     .   ,         .    ,          ,       . ,       ,    .   ,  -        ,         ,    .

       -,       [65 -   ,      . 10   !]       Ms.Pac-Man   :     Pac-Man,       .

 , Ms.Pac-Man        .       ,      ,     ,     ,      .           ,       .

 Pac-Man  Ms.Pac-Man  Junior Pac-Man (-)  Baby Pac-Man ( ),         .               Midway  ,                -.   Baby Pac-Man,        .   ,    .

 Pac-Man      .    ,       , ,  ,    .   Wizard of Wor (Nutting)  Berzerk (Stern),      .    ,  Mouse Trap (Exidy), Pengo (Sega), Dig Dug (Namco)     Q*Bert (Gottlieb)     ,  Baffle Ball!         ,          ,    . ,        Gotcha  Atari   Cat and Mouse  Magnavox Odyssey,   Pac-Man     .

 1980  Taito   Phoenix,  Space Invaders,          .      Moon Cresta,  Nichibutsu,           . Taito, Sega, Gremlin         ,  ,   .       Galaxian   Galaga  Namco  Gorf  Nutting,       Midway.  1982  Namco  Xevious,         Atari,  Atari   Centipede.     ,       .    ,      Cadillac,     -.  Centipede  Millipede.

Defender    Scramble (Konami), Vanguard (Tose)  Zaxxon (Sega),    , Stargate (  Defender 2),    .    1982      , Robotron: 2084,     Gun Fight  Berzerk.

             ,    .   ,     .        ,       ,       .

   . , ,  ,  -          ,    ,    .

  Asteroids  Asteroids Deluxe,     Space Duel.  1982  Atari    Gravitar,     Lunar Lander. Konami    Time Plot,  Cinematronics      Star Castle.    ,   1983- Dragons Lair     Laser Disc,     .      Disney  , -         .      ,        .

           ,   The Adventures of Major Havoc  Atari ,  ,   Tron 1982   Midway   .   ,   Breakout,  Blockade (    ),   - Pac-Man   . Donkey Kong      Donkey Kong Jr. Donkey Kong 3,      Jungle King  Taito        Burger Time (Data East).   Pong      Walrods (Atari),  Liberator ( Atari)       Missile Command.

 1979   Exidy   Star Fire,       .    , ,        .  1983  Atari      ,   Exidy   ,      . Exidy, ,        1976 , Death Race ( ).          ,       .   ,         ,    ( Exidy,   , ,    ,  ).

Qix  Atari, Joust  Williams (    Mario Bros. Balloon Fight  Nintendo), Pole Position  Namco  Moon Cresta  Nichibutsu       - .      Frogger  Konami,   1981    ,          ,      .     Gremlin,     Sega,        Blockade,  ,     Nokia   90-    .

     . ,   ,     ,     ,  .         ,     ,          [66 -      . . .]?        ,    .   .

-    ,          , :     .        80  ,     ,   1982  1998 .  ,       .   :      ,   , , ,       ,  ,    ,   Pong.

     1982          .    - , .      ,        .   . ,       , ,    ,     .    ,        ,         .  ,        .        ,   ,   .

        .  1982   ,   ,        Lucasfilm Games. Walt Disney Pictures       ,  (       ),        .      ,        Space Invaders.

         .




4

      !


  , Atari    VCS,       .  1978  1979                 -   . , - VCS    1980-,  - Warner       Taito   Space Invaders   Atari.    ,     ,    ,    .         ,      ,     ,      ,  . Space Invaders    1980 ,   VCS   .

 ,   Atari     .       ,     ,     ( ,  )        .     , Adventure,      PDP[67 -  -,  Digital Equipment Corporation  1960  1970 .    ,         . . .]   .   ,    Adventure   ,     VCS,          .   VCS    4KB ,        .  , VCS   ,   ,           .

  ,        .  (bit)    binary digit ( ),   0  1,       ( , 00101010).     256          . ,   ,    b,   ,    B.

   .  (KB)   ,  256     1000,   256 ? 4 = 1024 ,  8196 .          (KiB),   (KB)  1000 .           .

           (MB),  (MiB)   (Mb).  ,      -     ,   .       ,     ,        .      ,     ,   ,       -  ,       .

  Adventure.      ,        ,    .      ,         Beatles White Album,     ,    . , , ,      -  .            ,      . ?  ,      ,     ,     ,        .  ,      ,   ,    .




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/stiv-maknil/hey-listen-puteshestvie-po-zolotomu-veku-videoigr/)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


  ,      ZX Spectrum     .       Sinclair Research. . .




2


 ,   Mega Mall Story  Kairosoft.     ,    .




3


          .




4


   ! ,  !




5


  . . .




6


   WMS Industries.




7


     Baffle Ball   150   -,    .




8


   ,   ,  ,      .




9


   Nakamura Manufacturing Company,     NA-M-CO.




10


     ,     (     ,   ),   -     .   ,  ,   . -    , ,   .   -   . ,  , .




11


  ,     ,   .




12


-              .




13


      ,        . . .




14


 ,    ,    .        Nim   rod,          .   .    .




15


      .




16


     ?   ,     .




17


  -,    .  ,      ,    . ,   ,    .




18


[18]  : 76- Magnavox     ,     Magnavox Odyssey      .       ,         .     ,          Tennis for Two (  ,      ),    Magnavox.    ,  Magnavox Odyssey    ,      Tennis for Two   . . .




19


,   .        .




20


      -    ,   (    ),    .  . . .




21


  ,          ,   . ,       Periscope,   .




22


 ,          ,   .




23


 -  Gans.   , ,        .     .




24


    . . .




25


,   ,    .   .




26


    .




27


Magnavox Odyssey, ,    .




28


 ,       .




29


    ,       ,      .




30


      ,      ,   ,    . . .




31


     Asteroids  Atari,   1979 .




32


      . . .




33


   ,         .




34


     .




35


: Midway    ,     Bally.




36


  , Intel 8080.




37


       ,           1975  N?rburgring (      ),   .




38


!  ,  !




39


 Odyssey     1975 , Magnavox         1973-.




40


  Yahoo, Instagram, WhatsApp, PayPal   .  ,     ,    .




41


:      ,    .




42


 , ,      Pong     Pong.




43


 ,   .       . . .




44


!




45


     :  ,    . ,     .




46


   Adman Grandstand TV Game 2000    ,   Pong    .    ,  ,      ,    .   .




47


,      ,   .




48


 ,             Space Invaders.




49


      ,    ,          .




50


    Atari   ,     Chuck E.Cheeses.




51


.  ,  .




52


    . Replay: The History of Video Games ( Yellow Ant, 2010).




53


    ,    .




54


 ,       ,     .




55


    , ,   ,            : ,   ,   -.




56


  ,            .        ,     .   ,     ,     . . .




57


               ,       .




58


        .




59


,  ,     Dark Souls.




60


, .   . ( ,   -    .   , ?)




61


   Jumpman ( ),       .     ,        man,  Puck Man  .          Cuite-Q Walk-Man ( ),     -. !




62


    - -    .




63


   .  ,               .




64


    Miss, Missis  Ms        . Miss   , Missis  , Ms   . . .




65


  ,      . 10   !




66


     . . .




67


 -,  Digital Equipment Corporation  1960  1970 .    ,         . . .


