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  Olaf Hajek



Rob Dunn, 2018

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           ziminbookprojects.ru (http://ziminbookprojects.ru/).






Homo Domashnius


     .     ,   ,      .   ,          ,       (    ,   ,      ).       .

      .      ,         .    .    93%        .       ,           [1 - N.E. Klepeis, W. C. Nelson, W. R. Ott, J. P. Robinson, A. M. Tsang, P. Switzer, J. V. Behar, S. C. Hern, and W. H. Engelmann, "The National Human Activity Pattern Survey (NHAPS): A Resource for Assessing Exposure to Environmental Pollutants," Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology 11, no. 3 (2001): 231.  , ,   : C. J. Matz, D. M. Stieb, K. Davis, M. Egyed, A. Rose, B. Chou, and O. Brion, "Effects of Age, Season, Gender and Urban-Rural Status on Time-Activity: Canadian Human Activity Pattern Survey 2 (CHAPS 2)," International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 11, no. 2 (2014): 21082124.].       ,    . ,  ,            .       Homo domashnius,  .    ,                 ,    .   ,     ,       ,       .     -   .

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 ,  ,   ,      .              ,       -    .       .  ,     .       200000 (     ).      ,  ,    ,   .  ,  .     ,     .                . .      , ,  .        .

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 , ,           ,   .  ,           1676.      ,    .   ,    ,   ,       .         ,  . ,   ,       .             ,    .    ,        ,   .           ,    .      .          ,    .    .    ,   ,   ,    .         ,    ,      ,     [3 -  ,   ,   ,     ,     , , ,   .     ,  Vorticella,  ,    .   ,    ,   , ,  ,      . .:L. A. Robertson, "Historical Microbiology: Is It Relevant in the 21st Century?" FEMS Microbiology Letters 362, no. 9 (2015): fnv057.].

        ,     .        ,   ,    .    ,    -,    .    ,     ,     ,   .      .  24 1676.     .  ,       ,  ,    ,       .       ,      .      ,     ,      .     ,    ,        頖   ,   ,       .         .       ,     ⠖    .        ,   ,    .        .   :     -.

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,         .            ,   ,  ,     [4 -   ,      ,        .       ,        .]. ,    ,       [5 -     ,        ,    ,   . . L.: Robertson, J. Backer, C. Biemans, J. van Doorn, K. Krab, W. Reijnders, H. Smit, and P. Willemsen, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek: Master of the Minuscule (Boston: Brill, 2016).].  -            . ,      [6 -  ,   ,   ,     https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/786331#page/2/mode/1up (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/786331#page/2/mode/1up)].      ,   ,       ,   ,       ,    [7 -        ,  - . .:R. Hooke, Micrographia: Or Some Physiological Descriptions of Minute Bodies Made by Magnifying Glasses with Questions and Inquiries Thereupon (J. Martin and J. Allestrym, 1665).].   ,     ,   ,  ,   ,   -  (  1648.),        ,  .

  ,      ,  ,   ,        ,    .     ,     ,    ,   .   ,  ,     Mucor,    ,     ,     ,     .            ,         XVII.  ,  ,  ,  -   ,   .        ,       ,       .

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      .       , , , .   ,   ,     .    ,    ,    32         .      ,  28 1673. ,   ,    ,     [9 -   (The Royal Society)      ,    .     1660. . . .].   ,        .     ,     ,       ,           .     ,      [10 -        : M. Leeuwenhoek, "A Specimen of Some Observations Made by Microscope, Contrived by M. Leeuwenhoek in Holland, Lately Communicated by Dr. Regnerus de Graaf," Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society 8 (1673): 60376038.].

 ,         ,   .     (         :   ),     ,    ,    ,    , ,    ,   .     ,     , 19     Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society (   )        (       ).       ,        ,    -.          ,      .         ,        ,    ;       .     , 18-  ,  9 1676.,        [11 -     .  -              .           ,         .].

,      .       ,       ,   ,   .    , -,    ,  , Bodo, Cyclidium  Vorticella. Bodo     ( ),   Cyclidium    ,  Vorticella              . ,  ,        - .       ,   ,       ,    砖  . -  ,       ,   1676.          ,       ,   :



     ,     ,    ,         ,        ,        [12 - A. R. Hall, "The Leeuwenhoek Lecture, 1988, Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek 16321723," Notes and Records the Royal Society Journal of the History of Science, 43, no. 2 (1989): 249273.].


 17        .   , 18-,    ,         !     . ,   ,   ,       .        ,  ,     ,    .  ,        ,     .        ,           ,     ,     .

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 2017.       [17 -  젖  :      (The Fifth Kingdom: How Fungi Made the World)        .                  .].          ⠖ , ,   .                 .         ,     ,      [18 -  ,       ! ,  ,    - ,         ,         ,     .].   .    ?,     .  ,    ,     .   .                     .           ,    ,      ,   .     .         ,           .      ,     .     -   ,   ,  ,     .      ,     ,       ,     .

 ,   ,      ,      1960- .     ,    ,      ,     ,      ,    .        ,         ,         .  ,      [19 -        .        T. D. Brock, "The Road to Yellowstone and Beyond," Annual Review of Microbiology 49 (1995): 128.].    .         ,   . 蠖      ,       ,   [20 - ,   ,     .   , 蠖   . ,  ,     . ,    .      ,      .       .    ,    (  )     .          .      .   ,      .    ;  ,   ,   ,           .      , ,    ,      ,    .    ,  ,      . J. Hulcr, A. M. Latimer, J. B. Henley, N. R. Rountree, N. Fierer, A. Lucky, M. D. Lowman, and R. R. Dunn, "A Jungle in There: Bacteria in Belly Buttons Are Highly Diverse, but Predictable," PloS One 7, no. 11 (2012): e47712.].  ,  ,    ,   , ,         .           [21 - ,   ,  ,      .].   ,       ,      .             .          .    ,    ,  ,   ,     .

 蠖    .       ,   .  ,   ,    ,      ,        .         .     ,   ,                .  ,   ,  ,         ,     ,    Thermus aquaticus. Thermus  ,  aquaticus   ,    .   ,             [22 -  ,    ,  ,      . 䠖    ,     . , ,    sapiens (, )  Homo ().  Homo sapiens.   ,      ;       .    ,      , , , ,       ,    .         -    .             ( Thermus       ,   ).   ,    ,         .  ,         ,     ,       .        (      ),    ,   ,      .        ,     . , Thermus X1,  X1 ,  , ,  ,       .    ,    ,         ,          ,    .],          .       ,  ,    , Thermus aquaticus,       .   ,   ,       .  ,  .       - .

  Thermus aquaticus  ,              70 ?C (122  ). ,               80 ?C (176  ). ,      100 ? (     ). ,     ,      [23 -       Thermus aquaticus,       ,     ,      .    ,      .  ,  Thermus, : T. D. Brock and H. Freeze, "Thermus aquaticus gen. n. and sp. n., a Nonsporulating Extreme Thermophile," Journal of Bacteriology 98, no. 1 (1969): 289297.].   ,           ,             .          55 ?C,     Thermus aquaticus   .        ,        .    ,       , .  !

  Thermus aquaticus        ?  ,     ,       ,    ,    ,      .     , , , Thermus aquaticus     , ,  ,     .            ,        Thermus.  ,      ,      .     .

   ,         . ,   ? ,     ,   ,    ,      , ,        .   ?        .       (      ,     , ,       ,  ,     ),      Thermus aquaticus.  !  ,  ,     .  Thermus,    .       ,     ,    .         - (  ,    ). . , Thermus aquaticus  ,     .

          ,           -.         200.   ,       ,    Thermus aquaticus.   .  :      ?     ,   ,          . ,                .

       ,     ,       -.  ,    -   .     Thermus aquaticus,  ,     .       Thermus X-1[24 - R. F. Ramaley and J. Hixson, "Isolation of a Nonpigmented, Thermophilic Bacterium Similar to Thermus aquaticus," Journal of Bacteriology 103, no. 2 (1970): 527.].     Thermus aquaticus,   .       .  ,        Thermus aquaticus.            ,       .   ,                . ,          , ,       Thermus   .

                     .       ,    .  ,          .                 .        ,   .       ,  Thermus aquaticus  .

           ,     ,  .         nicher , ,   ,    nidus .              ,           .      [25 -       .],  ,               Thermus aquaticus. ,   -       ,    ,     .        (,     )    (,     ).      Thermus aquaticus,      ,   .

  .    , ,              , Thermus aquaticus          ,  .  ,        ,       .     Thermus,       . ,  ,      ,     [26 - T. D. Boylen and K. L. Boylen, "Presence of Thermophilic Bacteria in Laundry and Domestic Hot-Water Heaters," Applied Microbiology 25, no. 1 (1973): 7276.].

  ,     ,    Thermus aquaticus    .     Thermus        [27 - J. K. Kristjnsson, S. Hj?rleifsdttir, V. Th. Marteinsson, and G. A. Alfredsson, "Thermus scotoductus, sp. nov., a Pigment-Producing Thermophilic Bacterium from Hot Tap Water in Iceland and Including Thermus sp. X-1," Systematic and Applied Microbiology 17, no. 1 (1994): 4450.].       ,       ,     Thermus scotoductus,   Thermus X-1[28 - Kristjnsson etal., "Thermus scotoductus, sp. nov.," 4450.].  ,    ,   , ,      . ,  :     ,        .  35    ,  ,  Thermus scotoductus.    ,     .            ?      ,    ,       ?              ,    ?         .

 ,   ,     ,    .  ,  -   ,      ,      .      .  ,   ,   .         [29 -        ,       ,       19701980- .,           . .:Brock, "The Road to Yellowstone," 128.].      .   ,   (  )         Thermus scotoductus.   ,    , ,   ,    [30 - D. J. Opperman, L. A. Piater, and E. van Heerden, "A Novel Chromate Reductase from Thermus scotoductus SA-01 Related to Old Yellow Enzyme," Journal of Bacteriology 190, no. 8 (2008): 30763082.     ,   ,             .       . .:S. Skirnisdottir, G. O. Hreggvidsson, O. Holst, and J. K. Kristjnsson, "Isolation and Characterization of a Mixotrophic Sulfur-Oxidizing Thermus scotoductus," Extremophiles 5, no. 1 (2001): 4551.];    ,   Thermus scotoductus     -   .  -    Thermus          .   ࠖ  ,    ,       ,   ,        ,     .  ,  Thermus   ,           ,     ,         . ,       ,    ,        .       ,   Thermus          .       ,   ,      ,  ,     . 젖   ,     .  ,    -        ,         .            頖 ,       ,       , ,            Thermus.

    ,        蠖     .    ,        . ,        ,    .  ,              ,  -      ,      .       Thermus:    ,          .    ,        ,        ,   .             Thermus aquaticus   [31 -   ,          , .:Pande and C. Kost, "Bacterial Unculturability and the Formation of Intercellular Metabolic Networks," Trends in Microbiology 25, no. 5 (2017): 349361.].

 ,         ,      ,    .  ,        [32 -         , ,          ,        .   ,       .       (next generation sequencing),     ,   next generation         -   (   ,     ,      ).].      ,              ,      ,    .          ,          .

   .     ,         .     ,      :  ,    .     , ,     ,      ( ,    ),       ,     .  , ,   .            ,    ,   ,   .     ,         [33 -       ,     ,    .        .].       ,         ,          .

          ,     .     .      .     ,      ,          ,    ,   .         ࠖ ,     .   ,   ,     ,     -   -.    ,      ,        ,       ,       ,     .     ,     .         ,  ,       ,  . ,     ,   ,    (  ,   ,    ,  ,  )   .    ,     ,      ,  .   ,         ,          .   ,   ,  ,         ,   ,           .

    .     Thermus aquaticus,      .   ,        .     ,  .     ,    Thermus aquaticus,  ,      ( Taq)      ,      .       ,  -  (),     .     ,    ,         ,   .  ,       ,  ,          ,   ,   ,        [34 -   堖           ,  , ,         ,      . ,  Pyrococcus furiosus   ,    Taq,       .].

         ,           ,          .         ,     ,    16S .        ,   4     .        ,           .         ,    ,   ,    .    ,       ,    .       (    )  ,    .    ,      ,  .       ,    ,         .        ,      ,        ,       .                        ,    [35 -               .        ,    ,  Thermus 1, Thermus 2  ..      ,           . ,       ,     (  ).          ,          ,     ,  ,             .].      ,    :        .    ,    . (     ,       .     .)

,   ,    Thermus aquaticus,          ,     ,    , ,    .         ,       .     ,   ,  , ,     .      ,    ,       .        ,   .    [36 -             ,       Thermus scotoductus.       ,      .      ,       .].                 .               ,   -             ,      .             ,       .         ,    .    ,       ,       ,     .




 3

  


      ,  ,     .

 

             .            -,     .      ,      ,     ,  Nasutitermes corniger.         .     ,   .       ,      ,     .       ,       -,      ,         ⠖   .    ,  -          ,          .            ;     .      ,       - .     :       ,   .     .  ,          .

 ,       20,  ࠖ  .    ,       .      .         ,    .         .     ,     ,   .            (     ).        ,      ,      [37 -   ,       ,         .       ,     .     .]. ,  ,    ,   .      ,   ,      .        ,    , [38 -     Tettigoniidae.          : ,         . . . .]  ,    .       ,              .       ,      .    20 .     .     ,     .        (Vampyrum spectrum),  ,       .  ,   ,      .   ,        ,   .  ,            ,    .

     -     ,    ,    ,    -[39 - S. H. Messier, "Ecology and Division of Labor in Nasutitermes corniger: The Effect of Environmental Variation on Caste Ratios" (PhD diss., University of Colorado, 1996).].  ,       .        , , , , , ,     ,      ,      .         ,   ,     -   :  ,  ,         .      ,      ,       ,   ,       .               .   .    (   ),         .   ,     ,   ,     . ,    䠖  -,  Brachyponera chinensis[40 - B. Gunard and R. R. Dunn, "A New (Old), Invasive Ant in the Hardwood Forests of Eastern North America and Its Potentially Widespread Impacts," PLoS One 5, no. 7 (2010): e11614.].    ,      .   ,     ,      . ,   -  ,        ,     . ,    ,      ,      ,  :  ![41 - B. Gunard and J. Silverman, "Tandem Carrying, a New Foraging Strategy in Ants: Description, Function, and Adaptive Significance Relative to Other Described Foraging Strategies," Naturwissenschaften 98, no. 8 (2011): 651659.]        ,    .       ,  Brachyponera chinensis              [42 - T. Yashiro, K. Matsuura, B. Gunard, M. Terayama, and R. R. Dunn, "On the Evolution of the Species Complex Pachycondyla chinensis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae), Including the Origin of Its Invasive Form and Description of a New Species," Zootaxa 2685, no. 1 (2010): 3950.],      .     

            ,  ,    .   ,      .            , Discothyrea testacea. ,    ,                     .    .  ,    ,     -  .   !    ,  ,     -,      ,       .   18    ,    ,  , Discothyrea testacea[43 -          1954.: M. R. Smith and M. W. Wing, "Redescription of Discothyrea testacea Roger, a Little-Known North American Ant, with Notes on the Genus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)," Journal of the NewYork Entomological Society 62, no. 2 (1954): 105112.   ,       ,    .       -.       ,       .].               ,     [44 -        ,       . .:A. Lucky, A. M. Savage, L. M. Nichols, C. Castracani, L. Shell, D. A. Grasso, A. Mori, and R. R. Dunn, "Ecologists, Educators, and Writers Collaborate with the Public to Assess Backyard Diversity in the School of Ants Project," Ecosphere 5, no. 7 (2014): 123.].      ,         .      .      -  .   ꠖ   .    ,        -  .

              .         .    ,  ,     ,    ,   .    蠖 ,     ,       .               ,       .     ,        .   ,          ,  , 20-,    -. ,     ,          !    ,              ,       ,    .

         ,  ,      .          ,      ,    (   Thermus scotoductus  ).    ,  ,     .             .     ,   , , ,  ,         ,   ⠖   ,   .       ,   ,   .     ,   ,      .     .           ,   .            !  ,      ,     ,      .             .   .      ,      ,      ,      .     ,      .     ,    ,    .   ,        ,      [45 -   ,       ,      ,           ,    .  ,                  .         . .:J. Hulcr, N. R. Rountree, S. E. Diamond, L. L. Stelinski, N. Fierer, and R. R. Dunn, "Mycangia of Ambrosia Beetles Host Communities of Bacteria," Microbial Ecology 64, no. 3 (2012): 784793.].

      頖  .     (     ,    ) ,       . ,  ,     (, , )  ,     ,        .        ,     .     ,     ,  - . ,   ,        .    ,    .  ,    ,     -  .   ,  -      ,    .       .          ,   ,    ,     ,    .  ,       ,   ,    .          , ,    Thermus aquaticus




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   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/rob-dann/ne-odin-doma-estestvennaya-istoriya-nashego-zhilischa-ot-bakteriy/)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


N.E. Klepeis, W. C. Nelson, W. R. Ott, J. P. Robinson, A. M. Tsang, P. Switzer, J. V. Behar, S. C. Hern, and W. H. Engelmann, "The National Human Activity Pattern Survey (NHAPS): A Resource for Assessing Exposure to Environmental Pollutants," Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology 11, no. 3 (2001): 231.  , ,   : C. J. Matz, D. M. Stieb, K. Davis, M. Egyed, A. Rose, B. Chou, and O. Brion, "Effects of Age, Season, Gender and Urban-Rural Status on Time-Activity: Canadian Human Activity Pattern Survey 2 (CHAPS 2)," International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 11, no. 2 (2014): 21082124.




2


  .   :  (1733)   . . . . .




3


 ,   ,   ,     ,     , , ,   .     ,  Vorticella,  ,    .   ,    ,   , ,  ,      . .:L. A. Robertson, "Historical Microbiology: Is It Relevant in the 21st Century?" FEMS Microbiology Letters 362, no. 9 (2015): fnv057.




4


  ,      ,        .       ,        .




5


    ,        ,    ,   . . L.: Robertson, J. Backer, C. Biemans, J. van Doorn, K. Krab, W. Reijnders, H. Smit, and P. Willemsen, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek: Master of the Minuscule (Boston: Brill, 2016).




6


 ,   ,   ,     https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/786331#page/2/mode/1up (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/786331#page/2/mode/1up)




7


       ,  - . .:R. Hooke, Micrographia: Or Some Physiological Descriptions of Minute Bodies Made by Magnifying Glasses with Questions and Inquiries Thereupon (J. Martin and J. Allestrym, 1665).




8


   ,       ; ,       ,    .     (       ).         (          30  ,  ),    ,  .      ,     .   ,   , ,       -   .     ,    ,    -  .     ,        ,       . .:Robertson etal., Antoni van Leeuwenhoek.




9


  (The Royal Society)      ,    .     1660. . . .




10


       : M. Leeuwenhoek, "A Specimen of Some Observations Made by Microscope, Contrived by M. Leeuwenhoek in Holland, Lately Communicated by Dr. Regnerus de Graaf," Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society 8 (1673): 60376038.




11


    .  -              .           ,         .




12


A. R. Hall, "The Leeuwenhoek Lecture, 1988, Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek 16321723," Notes and Records the Royal Society Journal of the History of Science, 43, no. 2 (1989): 249273.




13


蠖     ,    , , ,    .        ,    .    ,   ,     .           ; 蠖   ,   ,       .




14


, ,    ,    ,  .        ,   ,      .   ,    .          ;        ,     .  ,    ( ) .             ,    - .




15


  ,     ,    .       ,      .       .              ,   -    .   ,      ,       ,   -  -  .




16


         . . .       :  1892.         ,    .    ,          ( .,  . 1970.  . .: . . 15). ,  ,    ,     ,    .    1898.   . ,   ,  ,        .   ,      ,  . . . .




17


 젖  :      (The Fifth Kingdom: How Fungi Made the World)        .                  .




18


 ,       ! ,  ,    - ,         ,         ,     .




19


       .        T. D. Brock, "The Road to Yellowstone and Beyond," Annual Review of Microbiology 49 (1995): 128.




20


,   ,     .   , 蠖   . ,  ,     . ,    .      ,      .       .    ,    (  )     .          .      .   ,      .    ;  ,   ,   ,           .      , ,    ,      ,    .    ,  ,      . J. Hulcr, A. M. Latimer, J. B. Henley, N. R. Rountree, N. Fierer, A. Lucky, M. D. Lowman, and R. R. Dunn, "A Jungle in There: Bacteria in Belly Buttons Are Highly Diverse, but Predictable," PloS One 7, no. 11 (2012): e47712.




21


,   ,  ,      .




22


 ,    ,  ,      . 䠖    ,     . , ,    sapiens (, )  Homo ().  Homo sapiens.   ,      ;       .    ,      , , , ,       ,    .         -    .             ( Thermus       ,   ).   ,    ,         .  ,         ,     ,       .        (      ),    ,   ,      .        ,     . , Thermus X1,  X1 ,  , ,  ,       .    ,    ,         ,          ,    .




23


      Thermus aquaticus,       ,     ,      .    ,      .  ,  Thermus, : T. D. Brock and H. Freeze, "Thermus aquaticus gen. n. and sp. n., a Nonsporulating Extreme Thermophile," Journal of Bacteriology 98, no. 1 (1969): 289297.




24


R. F. Ramaley and J. Hixson, "Isolation of a Nonpigmented, Thermophilic Bacterium Similar to Thermus aquaticus," Journal of Bacteriology 103, no. 2 (1970): 527.




25


      .




26


T. D. Boylen and K. L. Boylen, "Presence of Thermophilic Bacteria in Laundry and Domestic Hot-Water Heaters," Applied Microbiology 25, no. 1 (1973): 7276.




27


J. K. Kristjnsson, S. Hj?rleifsdttir, V. Th. Marteinsson, and G. A. Alfredsson, "Thermus scotoductus, sp. nov., a Pigment-Producing Thermophilic Bacterium from Hot Tap Water in Iceland and Including Thermus sp. X-1," Systematic and Applied Microbiology 17, no. 1 (1994): 4450.




28


Kristjnsson etal., "Thermus scotoductus, sp. nov.," 4450.




29


       ,       ,       19701980- .,           . .:Brock, "The Road to Yellowstone," 128.




30


D. J. Opperman, L. A. Piater, and E. van Heerden, "A Novel Chromate Reductase from Thermus scotoductus SA-01 Related to Old Yellow Enzyme," Journal of Bacteriology 190, no. 8 (2008): 30763082.     ,   ,             .       . .:S. Skirnisdottir, G. O. Hreggvidsson, O. Holst, and J. K. Kristjnsson, "Isolation and Characterization of a Mixotrophic Sulfur-Oxidizing Thermus scotoductus," Extremophiles 5, no. 1 (2001): 4551.




31


  ,          , .:Pande and C. Kost, "Bacterial Unculturability and the Formation of Intercellular Metabolic Networks," Trends in Microbiology 25, no. 5 (2017): 349361.




32


        , ,          ,        .   ,       .       (next generation sequencing),     ,   next generation         -   (   ,     ,      ).




33


      ,     ,    .        .




34


  堖           ,  , ,         ,      . ,  Pyrococcus furiosus   ,    Taq,       .




35


              .        ,    ,  Thermus 1, Thermus 2  ..      ,           . ,       ,     (  ).          ,          ,     ,  ,             .




36


            ,       Thermus scotoductus.       ,      .      ,       .




37


  ,       ,         .       ,     .     .




38


    Tettigoniidae.          : ,         . . . .




39


S. H. Messier, "Ecology and Division of Labor in Nasutitermes corniger: The Effect of Environmental Variation on Caste Ratios" (PhD diss., University of Colorado, 1996).




40


B. Gunard and R. R. Dunn, "A New (Old), Invasive Ant in the Hardwood Forests of Eastern North America and Its Potentially Widespread Impacts," PLoS One 5, no. 7 (2010): e11614.




41


B. Gunard and J. Silverman, "Tandem Carrying, a New Foraging Strategy in Ants: Description, Function, and Adaptive Significance Relative to Other Described Foraging Strategies," Naturwissenschaften 98, no. 8 (2011): 651659.




42


T. Yashiro, K. Matsuura, B. Gunard, M. Terayama, and R. R. Dunn, "On the Evolution of the Species Complex Pachycondyla chinensis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae), Including the Origin of Its Invasive Form and Description of a New Species," Zootaxa 2685, no. 1 (2010): 3950.




43


         1954.: M. R. Smith and M. W. Wing, "Redescription of Discothyrea testacea Roger, a Little-Known North American Ant, with Notes on the Genus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)," Journal of the NewYork Entomological Society 62, no. 2 (1954): 105112.   ,       ,    .       -.       ,       .




44


       ,       . .:A. Lucky, A. M. Savage, L. M. Nichols, C. Castracani, L. Shell, D. A. Grasso, A. Mori, and R. R. Dunn, "Ecologists, Educators, and Writers Collaborate with the Public to Assess Backyard Diversity in the School of Ants Project," Ecosphere 5, no. 7 (2014): 123.




45


  ,       ,      ,           ,    .  ,                  .         . .:J. Hulcr, N. R. Rountree, S. E. Diamond, L. L. Stelinski, N. Fierer, and R. R. Dunn, "Mycangia of Ambrosia Beetles Host Communities of Bacteria," Microbial Ecology 64, no. 3 (2012): 784793.


