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2.      .    ,    ,      ,   .   ,       52%     ( 2003- 2007-),          [18 - Rashmi Shetgiri, Hua Lin, Glenn Flores. Is There a Bullying Epidemic? Trends in Risk and Protective Factors for Bullying in the US // E-PAS20110825.5. May 1, 2011.    ,   ,          1017.     ///,     //.      20032007  ,   2003 23%    ,   2007-     (15%)   . http://www.abstracts2views.com/pas/view.php?nu=PAS11L1_965 (http://www.abstracts2views.com/pas/view.php?nu=PAS11L1_965).Wes Hosking. Bullying Behavior Starting in Children as Young as Three // Herald Sun. August 5, 2014. http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/bullying-behaviour-starting-in-children-as-young-as-age-three/story-fni0fiyv-1227014497015 (http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/bullying-behaviour-starting-in-children-as-young-as-age-three/story-fni0fiyv-1227014497015).].   2014       [19 - :   McAfee  2014 Teens and the Screen Study: Exploring Online Privacy, Social Networking and Cyberbullying.              .].     ,      :             [20 - Sameer Hinduja, Justin W. Patchin. Bullying, Cyberbullying and Suicide // Archives of Suicide Research 14. No. 3 (2010). P. 206221.     2000           .             ,    .         .  ,             ,    .].

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4. ,    ,       .    [25 - K. R. Merikangas et al. Lifetime Prevalence of Mental Disorders in U.S. Adolescents: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A) // Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 49. No. 10 (October 2010). P. 980989.]       [26 - Melissa Healy. Mental Illness in Youth: A Common Struggle // Los Angeles Times. May 19, 2013. P. 16A.],[27 -           ,     .].      ,   [28 - American Psychological Association. American Psychological Association Survey Shows Teen Stress Rivals That of Adults. February 11, 2014. http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2014/02/teen-stress.aspx (http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2014/02/teen-stress.aspx).].     頖    .     :   ,  ⠫ ,     .      [29 -      ,     ,    .].



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Ѡ2000                 .      .               :   (    )  88%[34 - Kimberly A. Schonert-Reichl, Veronica Smith, Anat Zaidman-Zait, Cyle Hertzman. Promoting Childrens Prosocial Behaviors in School: Impact of the Roots of Empathy Program on the Social and Emotion Competence of School-Aged Children // School Mental Health 4 (2011). P. 121. http://cemh.lbpsb.qc.ca/professionals/RootsofEmpathy.pdf (http://cemh.lbpsb.qc.ca/professionals/RootsofEmpathy.pdf).]. ,   堖     .        ?          [35 -      , ,  , 31 2014.].

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              ,   :  ,    ,      ,  ![49 - C. A. Cervantes, M. A. Callanan. Labels and Explanations in Mother-Child Emotion Talk: Age and Gender Differentiation // Developmental Psychology 34. No. 1. 1998. P. 8898.]. ,          ,     ,  蠖     .

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            .   ,        .        5001000 [55 - Dimitri Christakis et al. Audible Television and Decreased Adult Words, Infant Vocalizations, and Conversational Turns: A Population-Based Study // Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine 163. No. 6. 2009. P. 554558.].  30%  [56 - Christakis etal. Audible Television.],        (     ),         232 [57 - Matthew A. Lapierre, Jessica Taylor Piotrowski, Deborah L. Linebarger. Background Television in the Homes of US Children // Pediatrics 130. No. 5. September 2012. P. 18.].        ,     ,      !

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notes








1


 ໠  ,            .   : . . .




2


Juliana Schroeder, Jane L. Risen. Peace Through Friendship // NewYork Times. August 22, 2014. http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/24/opinion/sunday/peace-through-friendship.html (http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/24/opinion/sunday/peace-through-friendship.html);Juliana Schroeder, Jane L. Risen. Befriending the Enemy: Outgroup Friendship Longitudinally Predicts Intergroup Attitudes in a Coexistence Program for Israelis and Palestinians // Group Processes & Intergroup Relations. July 28, 2014. http://gpi.sagepub.com/content/early/2014/07/25/1368430214542257.abstract (http://gpi.sagepub.com/content/early/2014/07/25/1368430214542257.abstract).




3


        3 2015, -,  Seeds of Peace.




4


 : Barbara Gottschalk. The Enemy Has a Face; cited by John Wallace. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 2000. P. 2.




5


Maia Szalavitz, Bruce Perry. Born for Love: Why Empathy Is Essential and Endangered. NewYork: William Morrow, 2010. P. 12.




6


Corinne Segan. Viewpoint from the West Bank: We Are All Humans // PBS NewsHour Extra. August 26, 2014. http://www.pbs.org/newshour/extra/student_voices/viewpoint-from-the-west-bank-we-are-all-humans/ (http://www.pbs.org/newshour/extra/student_voices/viewpoint-from-the-west-bank-we-are-all-humans/).




7


J. Block-Lerner, C. Adair, J. C. Plumb, D. L. Rhatigan, S. M. Orsillo. The Case for Mindfulness-Based Approaches in the Cultivation of Empathy: Does Nonjudgmental, Present-Moment Awareness Increase Capacity for Perspective-Taking and Empathic Concern? // Journal of Marital and Family Therapy 33. No. 4 (October 2007). P. 501516; Myriam Mongrain, Jacqueline M. Chin, Leah B. Shapira. Practicing Compassion Increases Happiness and Self-Esteem // Journal of Happiness Studies 12. No. 6 (December 2011). P. 963981.




8


Mary Gordon. Roots of Empathy Program // Journal of Happiness Studies 12. No. 6(December 2011). P. 963981; Reduces racism: Gordon Allport. The Nature of Prejudice. NewYork: Perseus Books, 1979. P. 434; Andrew R. Todd, Galen V. Bodenhausen, Jennifer A. Richeson, Adam D. Galinsky. Perspective Taking Combats Automatic Expressions of Racial Bias // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 100. No. 6(June 2011). P. 10271042. Samuel P. Oliner, Pearl M. Oliner. The Altruistic Personality: Rescuers of Jews in Nazi Europe. NewYork: Touchstone, 1992; Eva Fogelman. Conscience and Courage: Rescuers of Jews During the Holocaust. NewYork: Random House, 2011.




9


Mary Gordon. Roots of Empathy // Journal of Happiness Studies.




10


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11


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